CN112214926A - Annular ultrasonic transducer with ultrasonic structure surface acoustic lens and optimization design method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an annular ultrasonic transducer with an ultrasonic structure surface acoustic lens and an optimized design method thereof, wherein the transducer comprises an acoustic lens with a hole at the center and an acoustic artificial structure, a matching layer, a piezoelectric wafer and a transducer base, all the parts are sequentially bonded together from top to bottom, and then a B ultrasonic probe is placed in a center hole; wherein the acoustic artificial structure is a multiple concentric circular groove arranged on the radiation surface of the acoustic lens; the optimization method adopts a genetic algorithm, takes the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth as genetic genes, takes the maximum value/the secondary maximum value of the radial sound pressure as the fitness, and takes the maximum fitness as an optimization target. Compared with the traditional annular focusing acoustic lens type transducer without the groove, the invention can concentrate energy in a focus area, improve the safety and efficiency of treatment, reduce the electric power required by treatment, improve the maneuverability of ultrasonic treatment, simplify the flow and steps of design and take account of the accuracy and the total time of calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an annular ultrasonic transducer with an ultrasonic structure surface acoustic lens and an optimal design method, and belongs to the field of medical instruments.
Background
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive therapeutic method that is well-established for tumor therapy, and can damage tumor tissue in the human body by the thermal and mechanical effects of ultrasound. The realization of the prediction and real-time monitoring of the damaged area is a precondition for realizing safe treatment, for example, the damaged area is displayed by using a B-ultrasonic image. In actual treatment, a composite system of a B-ultrasonic probe and a HIFU treatment probe is often used for performing operation, and a specific structure is that a hole is formed in the center of an annular focusing transducer and the B-ultrasonic probe is placed. For an ultrasonic transducer, due to diffraction effect, side lobes must exist in a focus area of a sound field, and the reduction of the side lobes is always the design target of various ultrasonic treatment probes, because the side lobes enable sound energy to be accumulated elsewhere, tissues outside a target treatment area are easy to be damaged, and particularly for a ring probe with a hole in the center, larger side lobes can be generated. In recent years, it has become a research direction to improve the focusing effect of the sound field by using the acoustic artificial structure, and it has been found that the structure can be used to achieve the effect of enhancing focusing, for example, Christensen et al adds periodic modification on an acoustic rigid plate to obtain a structural surface acoustic wave, and obtains a sound wave transmission enhancement and a sound collimation beam.
In addition, relevant patent publications are searched for and related to design methods for manufacturing transducers by using acoustic artificial structures. For example, chinese patent application No.: 201510816714.4, filing date: 11/23/2015, the invention creates the name: a design method of a focusing acoustic lens carries out optimization design on the structural parameters of a groove through finite element simulation calculation, and achieves the effect of inhibiting side lobes in a discontinuous frequency range. However, the design optimization method used in this application is to find out the structural parameters by circularly enumerating all combinations, and the criterion for finding out the effective parameters is that the peak frequency of the transmission spectrum meets the expected requirement. Such a method is time consuming and does not compromise the accuracy of the calculation and the total time, nor does it propose a design for the annular transducer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the following defects: firstly, the problem of overlarge side lobe of a sound field focus area of the conventional annular ultrasonic treatment probe is solved; therefore, a method for constructing a periodic groove structure on the surface of the transducer, reducing side lobes and increasing focusing gain through an acoustic collimation effect is provided, and higher focus sound intensity can be obtained at the same time. The existing super-structure focusing transducer applies the structure on a spherical surface without a central hole, and is not in the field of annular transducers. Secondly, the search algorithm used in the conventional parameter design needs too long time to be applied to practical situations, and the optimization algorithm needs to be changed to obtain a design scheme.
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the invention provides an annular ultrasonic transducer with an acoustic lens with an ultrasound structure surface, the transducer comprises an acoustic lens with a central opening and an acoustic artificial structure, a matching layer, a piezoelectric wafer and a transducer base, the acoustic lens, the matching layer, the piezoelectric wafer and the transducer base are sequentially bonded together from top to bottom, and a probe device is arranged in the central opening.
Furthermore, the acoustic lens is in a flat concave shape, and a plurality of concentric circular grooves with the radius distributed according to the period are arranged on the concave surface of the acoustic lens.
Furthermore, the concentric circular grooves are distributed at equal intervals, the intervals are called as periods of radius, the centers of circles of all the circular grooves are located on the axis of the acoustic lens, and the concentric circular grooves jointly form an acoustic artificial structure.
Furthermore, the size of each groove is the same, the section of each groove is fan-shaped, and the radians of the opening and the bottom of each groove corresponding to the circle center of the ring are the same. By utilizing the periodic grooves with specific sizes, the surface acoustic wave can be excited in the structure, and the effects of acoustic wave anomalous transmission and diffraction inhibition can be obtained, namely, the non-diffraction acoustic beam theory is applied to the design of the ultrasonic focusing equipment.
Further, the probe device can adopt a B-ultrasonic probe.
On the other hand, the invention also provides an optimization design method for the annular ultrasonic transducer with the ultrasonic surface acoustic lens, which uses a genetic algorithm as an optimization algorithm, takes the radius period L, the groove width d and the groove depth h as genetic genes, takes the ratio of the maximum value of the radial sound pressure to the secondary maximum value as fitness, and takes the maximum fitness value as an optimization target; the specific optimization steps are as follows:
(1) initializing fixed parameters of the transducer and a propagation medium, wherein the fixed parameters comprise the inner ring diameter, the outer ring diameter, the curvature radius, the working frequency of the transducer, and the density and the sound velocity of the medium, and selecting the combination (L) of the initial radius period, the groove width and the groove depth according to the working frequency of the transducer0，d0，h0) By known transducer operating frequency f0Calculating the wavelength lambda corresponding to the frequency in the propagation medium, and according to the physical mechanism of the acoustic collimation effect, wherein the frequency relation of the waveguide mode excited by Fabry-Perot (FP) resonance is as follows: f. ofFPN · c/2h (n ═ 1,2, 3.), denotes the order of the FP resonance, c is the speed of sound in the medium, and secondly the frequency relationship in the surface resonance mode is: f. ofSRc/L and the groove width satisfies the sub-wavelength condition, so at the operating frequency, a suitable groove depth h is λ, the period L is λ, and the width d is λ/2, thereby setting the period L0And depth h0All initial values of (are lambda), width d0Is lambda/2;
(2) according to the preset population scale, respectively selecting a radius period L, a groove width d and a groove depth h, wherein the range of L is (L)0-L0*50％，L0+L050%) d is in the range (d)0-d0*50％，d0+d050%) and h is in the range of (h)0-h0*50％，h0+h050%), L, d and h were performed N times (N) respectively<100) And randomly selecting, wherein the value taking method takes the upper and lower boundaries of the parameter range as boundaries and takes 1% of the initial value as step length to take the value evenly. Associated with each group selected (L, d, h) and other fixed parameters, i.e. a complete set of transducer parameters, i.e. a living body;
(3) calculating corresponding sound field distribution according to transducer parameters contained in each living body, extracting a maximum value of sound pressure and a radial secondary large value from data, and calculating a ratio of the maximum value of the radial sound pressure to the secondary large value to serve as a fitness value;
(4) obtaining the maximum fitness value of all the life bodies in the population through comparison, taking out the corresponding life bodies, and selecting the maximum fitness value as the fitness value of the life body;
(5) comparing the fitness value of the current generation of elite life forms with the fitness value of the parent generation of elite life forms, if the fitness value of the current generation of elite life forms is larger, updating the elite life form information, otherwise, keeping the parent generation of elite life form information;
(6) judging whether the elite life body information reaches continuous M generations and is not changed or reaches the maximum evolution generation number; if so, ending the genetic selection; if not, continuing genetic selection;
(7) selecting reserved life bodies by taking the ratio of the fitness value of a single life body in the total value of the fitness values of all life bodies in the whole population as a basis and combining a roulette algorithm with cross probability;
(8) on the basis of the selected and reserved life bodies, randomly combining the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth to generate new life bodies, and finally keeping the population number consistent;
(9) carrying out mutation operation on the newly formed population according to the mutation probability, wherein the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth are required to be randomly set again for the selected life body to be subjected to mutation;
(10) and (4) returning to the sound field calculation generated by the transducer array in the step (3), and gradually executing a subsequent genetic selection algorithm.
Further, finite element method can be used to calculate the sound field distribution. For each living body, the frequency of (L, d, h) value taking does not require the possibility of traversing all the step lengths, but is based on a larger calculation frequency, when the calculation frequency is large enough, the obtained result is approximate to the possible optimal value, and the processing mode can take account of the capability of the genetic algorithm to find the optimal solution, and can take account of the calculation accuracy and the total time.
Further, the radius period L ranges from (L)0-L0*50％，L0+L050%) and the width d of the grooves is in the range of (d)0-d0*50％，d0+d050%) and the depth h of the grooves is in the range of (h)0-h0*50％，h0+h0*50％)。
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) compared with the traditional method of increasing the emission vibration element and processing the self-focusing piezoelectric wafer, the design method of the annular ultrasonic transducer with the ultrasonic structure surface acoustic lens has better main side lobe ratio and focusing gain.
(2) The design scheme utilizes a genetic algorithm, and optimized design is carried out on the radial period L, the groove width d and the groove depth h, so that the method has the advantages of accurate calculation, calculation accuracy and total time, and is convenient to implement.
In conclusion, compared with the traditional annular focusing acoustic lens type transducer without the groove, the invention can concentrate energy in a focus area, improve the safety and efficiency of treatment, reduce the electric power required by treatment, improve the maneuverability of ultrasonic treatment, simplify the flow and steps of design and take account of the accuracy and total time of calculation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic cross-sectional view of a ring-shaped ultrasound transducer with an ultrasound surface acoustic lens.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the simulation results found using a genetic algorithm, where (a) represents the transducer acoustic field before optimization and (b) represents the transducer acoustic field after optimization.
Fig. 3 is a comparison of radial sound pressure profiles before and after optimization.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of genetic algorithm optimization.
Labeled as: 1-acoustic lens, 2-matching layer, 3-piezoelectric wafer, 4-transducer base, 5-other device filling the center hole, such as B-ultrasonic probe.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The first embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, a ring-shaped ultrasonic transducer with an acoustic lens with an ultrasound structure surface is composed of an acoustic lens with a hole at the center and an acoustic artificial structure, a matching layer, a piezoelectric wafer and a transducer base which are sequentially bonded together from top to bottom, wherein other probe devices such as a B-ultrasonic probe are placed at the center of the hole; the acoustic lens is in a flat concave shape, and a concentric ring groove structure with the radius distributed according to the period is arranged on the concave surface. The focusing effect is achieved by driving a planar piezoelectric wafer.
Example two.
In the first embodiment, a periodic annular groove structure is added to the concave surface of the acoustic lens, parameters of the periodic annular groove structure are not fixed, combinations of different parameters correspond to different sound field distributions, and how to determine an optimal design scheme needs to be realized by adopting a numerical method. Compared with the method for enumerating all parameter combinations, the method for rapidly finding the optimal value based on the genetic algorithm provided by the embodiment has the advantages that the calculation time is greatly reduced, the optimization result is better, and the optimization effect is shown in fig. 2 and 3. In fig. 2, (a) and (b) are focal region sound field distributions before and after optimization, respectively, a dashed frame in the figure is a position of a side lobe, and further referring to a graph line at a frame of fig. 3, it can be seen that both the area and the relative intensity of the side lobe are reduced, and the optimization method of the scheme can better suppress the side lobe. In the embodiment, related parameters are used as genetic genes, sound field parameters are used as adaptability to natural environment, and optimization design is realized through multi-generation heredity, variation and natural selection. Specifically, based on the optimization design of the genetic algorithm, in this embodiment, the period L, the width d, and the depth h are used as genetic genes, the ratio of the maximum radial sound pressure value to the secondary maximum sound pressure value is used as the fitness, and the fitness value is the maximum optimization target, and the specific optimization steps are as follows:
1. the initial setup of fixed parameters of the transducer piezoelectric wafer and propagation medium, including the inner ring diameter, outer ring diameter, radius of curvature, operating frequency of the transducer, and density and speed of sound of the medium, are invariant to the operation of the algorithm. Selecting an initial radius period, groove width and groove depth combination (L) based on the operating frequency of the transducer0，d0，h0). By known transducer operating frequency f0Calculating the wavelength lambda corresponding to the frequency in the propagation medium, and according to the physical mechanism of the acoustic collimation effect, wherein the frequency relation of the waveguide mode excited by Fabry-Perot (FP) resonance is as follows: f. ofFPN · c/2h (n ═ 1,2, 3.), denotes the order of the FP resonance, c is the speed of sound in the medium, and secondly the frequency relationship in the surface resonance mode is: f. ofSRc/L and the groove width satisfies the sub-wavelength condition, so at the operating frequency, a suitable groove depth h is λ, the period L is λ, and the width d is λ/2, thereby setting the period L0And depth h0The initial values of (2) are all lambda, and the initial value of the width is lambda/2.
2. According to the preset population scale, respectively selecting a radius period L, a groove width d and a groove depth h, wherein the range of L is (L)0-L0*50％，L0+L050%) d is in the range (d)0-d0*50％，d0+d050%) and h is in the range of (h)0-h0*50％，h0+h050%), L, d and h were performed N times (N) respectively<100) And randomly selecting, wherein the value taking method takes the upper and lower boundaries of the parameter range as boundaries and takes 1% of the initial value as step length to take the value evenly. Combining the (L, d, h) and other fixed parameters selected from each group to obtain a complete group of transducer parameters, namely a living body;
3. and calculating the corresponding sound field distribution according to the transducer parameters contained in each living body, extracting the maximum value of sound pressure and the radial secondary maximum value from the obtained sound field distribution, and calculating the radial secondary maximum value/maximum value of the sound pressure to be used as a fitness value.
4. And comparing to obtain the maximum fitness values of all the life bodies in the population, selecting the corresponding life body as the elite life body, and independently extracting all the parameters and the fitness values of the elite life body.
5. And comparing the fitness value of the current generation of the elite life forms with the fitness value of the parent generation of the elite life forms, updating the elite life form information if the fitness value of the current generation of the elite life forms is larger, and otherwise, keeping the parent generation of the elite life form information.
6. And judging whether the elite life body information reaches 5 continuous generations and does not change (other continuous unchanged generations can be selected as a judgment basis according to requirements) or reaches the maximum evolution generation. If so, ending the genetic selection; if not, genetic selection continues.
7. Selecting reserved life forms by taking the ratio of the fitness value of a single life form in the total value of the fitness values of all life forms in the whole population as a basis and combining a roulette algorithm with cross probability.
8. And on the basis of the selected and reserved life bodies, randomly combining the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth to generate new life bodies, and finally keeping the population quantity consistent.
9. And carrying out mutation operation on the newly formed population according to the mutation probability, wherein the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth are required to be randomly set again for the selected life body to be mutated.
10. And returning to the sound field calculation generated by the transducer array in the third step, and gradually executing a subsequent genetic selection algorithm.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. An annular ultrasonic transducer with an acoustic lens on the surface of an ultrasonic structure is characterized by comprising the acoustic lens with a central hole and an additional acoustic artificial structure, a matching layer, a piezoelectric wafer and a transducer base, wherein the acoustic lens, the matching layer, the piezoelectric wafer and the transducer base are sequentially bonded together from top to bottom, and probe equipment is arranged in the central hole.
2. An annular ultrasonic transducer having an acoustic lens with an ultra-structured surface according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic lens is in a flat concave shape, and a plurality of concentric annular grooves with a periodically distributed radius are arranged on the concave surface.
3. An annular ultrasonic transducer having an acoustic lens with an ultrasonic surface according to claim 2, wherein the concentric annular grooves are distributed at equal intervals, and the intervals are taken as the period of the radius, the centers of all the annular grooves are located on the axis of the acoustic lens, and the concentric annular grooves jointly form the acoustic artificial structure.
4. The annular ultrasonic transducer with the ultrasonic lens with the ultrasonic surface structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein each groove has the same size and the cross section is fan-shaped, and the opening and the bottom of the groove have the same radian corresponding to the center of the circular ring.
5. An annular ultrasound transducer with an ultrasound textured surface acoustic lens according to claim 1, wherein the probe device is a B-ultrasound probe.
6. An optimal design method for the annular ultrasonic transducer with the ultrasonic lens with the ultrasonic surface structure according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the method uses a genetic algorithm as an optimization algorithm, takes the radius period L, the groove width d and the groove depth h as genetic genes, takes the ratio of the maximum value of the radial sound pressure to the secondary maximum value as the fitness, and takes the fitness value as the maximum optimization target; the specific optimization steps are as follows:
(1) initializing fixed parameters of the transducer and the propagation medium, and selecting an initial radius period, a groove width and a groove depth combination (L) according to the working frequency of the transducer0，d0，h0) By known transducer operating frequency f0Calculating the corresponding wavelength lambda and period L of the frequency in the propagation medium0And depth h0All initial values of (are lambda), width d0Is lambda/2;
(2) respectively selecting a radius period L, a groove width d and a groove depth h according to a preset population scale, and respectively carrying out random selection on L, d and h for N times (N <100), wherein a value taking method takes an upper boundary and a lower boundary of a parameter range as boundaries and takes an initial value x 1% as a step length; combining each group of selected (L, d, h) and the fixed parameters set in the step (1) to form a group of complete transducer parameters, namely a life body;
(3) calculating corresponding sound field distribution according to transducer parameters contained in each living body, extracting a maximum value of sound pressure and a radial secondary large value from data, and calculating a ratio of the maximum value of the radial sound pressure to the secondary large value to serve as a fitness value;
(4) obtaining the maximum fitness value of all the life bodies in the population through comparison, taking out the corresponding life bodies, and selecting the maximum fitness value as the fitness value of the life body;
(5) comparing the fitness value of the current generation of elite life forms with the fitness value of the parent generation of elite life forms, if the fitness value of the current generation of elite life forms is larger, updating the elite life form information, otherwise, keeping the parent generation of elite life form information;
(6) judging whether the elite life body information reaches continuous M generations and is not changed or reaches the maximum evolution generation number; if so, ending the genetic selection; if not, continuing genetic selection;
(7) selecting reserved life bodies by taking the ratio of the fitness value of a single life body in the total value of the fitness values of all life bodies in the whole population as a basis and combining a roulette algorithm with cross probability;
(8) on the basis of the selected and reserved life bodies, randomly combining the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth to generate new life bodies, and finally keeping the population number consistent;
(9) carrying out mutation operation on the newly formed population according to the mutation probability, wherein the radius period, the groove width and the groove depth are required to be randomly set again for the selected life body to be subjected to mutation;
(10) and (4) returning to the sound field calculation generated by the transducer array in the step (3), and gradually executing a subsequent genetic selection algorithm.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein finite element method is used to calculate the sound field distribution.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the radius period L ranges from (L) to (L)0-L0*50％，L0+L050%) and the width d of the grooves is in the range of (d)0-d0*50％，d0+d050%) and the depth h of the grooves is in the range of (h)0-h0*50％，h0+h0*50％)。
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| CN114587417A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-06-07 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Catheter sheath and imaging device |
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| CN112214926B (en) | 2024-06-18 |
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