CN112213541B - Time keeping method applied to transient recording type fault indicator - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a timekeeping method applied to a transient recording type fault indicator, which is used for solving the problems that a fault indicator collection unit based on low-frequency crystal oscillator timekeeping has large time setting scale error and needs frequent GPS time setting; meanwhile, a method for initiating time synchronization of the acquisition unit by the collection unit at a precise moment is provided. The method is based on the characteristic that the crystal oscillator frequency is basically constant under the condition of stable environment, the accurate calculation and compensation of the low-frequency crystal oscillator time keeping error and the time setting error are realized by utilizing the high-frequency crystal oscillator and the existing GPS, the time service time based on the high-frequency crystal oscillator granularity is provided for the whole network acquisition unit on the basis, and the accurate synchronization of the whole network acquisition unit is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power, in particular to a time keeping method applied to a transient recording type fault indicator.
Background
The distribution network system is complicated due to the fact that the number of branches is large, and grounding and short-circuit faults are easy to occur. With the rapid development of the smart power grid, the fault information of the power distribution network is more complex, and the accurate and rapid analysis of the fault becomes more difficult. In order to rapidly process the power distribution network fault, the feeder line operation data needs to be monitored in real time, abnormal conditions need to be early warned in time, and the fault needs to be rapidly discovered and processed.
The transient recording type fault indicator based on the zero sequence voltage starting type is a detection device for a power distribution network line fault, a recording starting device is installed at an outgoing line of a transformer substation, an acquisition unit is installed on a medium-voltage distribution line and can acquire line current in real time, when the line has a grounding or short-circuit fault, the recording starting device records a waveform starting moment, a master station starts waveform collection at the same moment, and the waveform is analyzed uniformly, so that the fault type and the section are positioned; the method has higher requirements on the synchronization of the whole network acquisition units, and requires that the time synchronization deviation of the whole network acquisition units is not more than 40 mu s under the sampling rate of 12.8K.
The current transient recording type fault indicator collection unit mostly adopts a scheme of periodical GPS time synchronization and periodical time synchronization for the acquisition unit, and the collection unit is timekeeper based on a high-precision low-frequency crystal oscillator; taking a low-frequency time keeping crystal oscillator (32.768KHz) with the precision of +/-5 ppm as an example, the frequency granularity of the crystal oscillator determines that the time setting is finished, namely, the time setting scale error T of (0-30.5) mu s existsdsTaking into account the time-keeping error T of + -5 mus per secondssIf the whole network synchronization precision of 40 mu s is required to be met, the equipment is required to carry out GPS time synchronization every second, the power consumption of the equipment is greatly improved by frequent GPS time synchronization, higher requirements are provided for the running environment of the equipment, and the time synchronization scale error T cannot be erasedds(ii) a Also provided withAccording to the scheme, the GPS module is installed on each acquisition unit, and each acquisition unit directly acquires time from the GPS.
Through a large number of tests on the crystal oscillator frequency, the deviation value of the crystal oscillator frequency is basically kept unchanged in a normal temperature environment. Based on the characteristics, the time synchronization deviation of the whole network acquisition unit is reduced by compensating the collecting unit clock by the crystal oscillator frequency offset obtained by the stage calculation and compensating the time synchronization time of the acquisition unit based on the compensation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that a time keeping method applied to a transient recording type fault indicator is provided, the time difference of the time service time from a whole network collecting unit to an acquisition unit is controlled within 20 mu s, and accurate reference is provided for the whole network time synchronization of the acquisition unit.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a time keeping method applied to a transient recording type fault indicator, which realizes the time keeping scale error T of a low-frequency time keeping crystal oscillator by introducing a high-frequency crystal oscillator and combining a GPS standard clock sourcedsAnd a time keeping error TssThe method has the advantages that the low-frequency crystal oscillator is calibrated through accurate calculation, time service time based on high-frequency crystal oscillator granularity is provided for the whole network acquisition unit through a certain strategy, and synchronous time keeping of the whole network acquisition unit is realized.
The GPS standard clock source is integrated on the collecting unit equipment and outputs pulse per second and serial port time as the standard time reference of the equipment; the low-frequency crystal oscillator is used as a time keeping crystal oscillator of the equipment, and the high-frequency crystal oscillator is used as a timing crystal oscillator in ultra-short time.
The time keeping method of the collecting unit comprises the following steps:
step 1) realizing time synchronization scale error T of the low-frequency crystal oscillator of the convergence unit at the time synchronization time of the clock source second pulse under the GPS standard through a counter based on the high-frequency crystal oscillator and the low-frequency crystal oscillator scaledsAnd (4) calculating.
Step 2) realizing the time keeping error T of the low-frequency crystal oscillator section by using the GPS standard clock source standard clock reference through a high-frequency crystal oscillator counter and a low-frequency crystal oscillator counterssAnd (4) calculating.
Step 3) according to the time-keeping error TssCalculating the time-keeping error deviation T of the low-frequency crystal oscillator in the adjacent section△ssAccording to the deviation, the combination unit timekeeping target TGoalCalculating the source time interval T of the GPS standard clock△GPS
Step 4) according to the time-keeping error TssCalculating to obtain the time-keeping error deviation T of the low-frequency crystal oscillator in the adjacent section△ssBinding sink Unit timekeeping target TGoalDynamically updating GPS standard clock source time interval T△GPS；
Step 5) according to the time setting scale error TdsAnd a time keeping error TssCalculating a low-frequency crystal oscillator compensation parameter, and compensating a clock of the low-frequency crystal oscillator;
and 6) when the time synchronization period of the acquisition unit arrives, controlling the time synchronization time of the whole-network collection unit to be an accurate time taking the high-frequency crystal oscillator as the granularity by combining the time delay based on the high-frequency crystal oscillator with the compensation parameter, so as to realize the synchronous time synchronization of the whole-network acquisition unit.
Recording the low-frequency crystal oscillator frequency of the convergence unit as fLFWith a precision of ALF(ii) a The high frequency crystal oscillator has a frequency fHFWith a precision of AHF。
The time setting scale error T of the low-frequency crystal oscillator of the collecting unit in the step 1)dsThe implementation route is as follows: calculating the position of the current low-frequency crystal oscillator oscillation waveform by using a high-frequency counter at the time of clock source second pulse synchronization under the GPS standard, and further calculating the time synchronization scale error Tds，TdsCrystal oscillator granularity T ranging from 0 to low frequency△LFIn which T is△LF＝1/fLFWherein f isLFRefers to the low frequency crystal oscillator frequency.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1) resetting a low-frequency crystal oscillator counter and a high-frequency crystal oscillator counter temporarily by a second pulse signal of a GPS standard clock source.
Step 2) waiting for the change of the low-frequency crystal oscillator counter, and recording the change moment of the low-frequency crystal oscillator counter and the count N of the high-frequency crystal oscillator counterHF。
Step 3) according to the counting of the high-frequency crystal oscillator counter and the counting time resolution of the low-frequency crystal oscillator counter, obtaining the time setting scale error
Tds＝T△LF-NHF/fHF
The timekeeping error T of the low-frequency crystal oscillator section of the collection unit in the step 2)ssThe calculation of (2) is divided into the calculation in the first time setting process and the calculation in the non-first time setting process. The implementation route is as follows: using the time tick error T during the first GPS standard clock source time tickdsCalculating the per-second time-keeping deviation T of the low-frequency crystal oscillator by combining the precision range of the low-frequency crystal oscillatorss(ii) a During the subsequent GPS time setting, the time T passed by the equipment in the process of using two adjacent GPS time settingsgapCalculating the second time-keeping error T of the low-frequency crystal oscillatorssWherein T isgapThe accumulated value of the low-frequency crystal oscillator counter during two second pulses and the time setting scale error T during two second pulsesdsAre combined and operated.
Wherein: time keeping error T in time setting process of first GPS standard clock sourcessThe calculation process is as follows:
setting the time setting scale errors of adjacent seconds as Tds0、Tds1If (T)ds1-Tds0)＞|TssmaxL to obtain
Tss＝Tds1-Tds0-T△LF
If (T)ds1-Tds0)＜-|TssmaxL to obtain
Tss＝Tds1-Tds0+T△LF
Time keeping error T in time setting process of non-first GPS standard clock sourcessThe calculation process is as follows:
the time setting scale errors of the last second pulse and the current second pulse in the last GPS standard clock source time setting process are respectively Tds0、Tds1Recording the low frequency crystal during two second pulsesThe vibration counter passes NLFDuring which the GPS walk-through time is T△GPSThe equipment passing time is TgapThen obtain
Tgap＝NLFgT△LF+Tds1-Tds0
Tss＝(Tgap-T△GPS)/T△GPS
The above-mentioned GPS time interval of the collecting unit in step 3)
The calculation of the compensation parameters of the collecting unit in the step 5) comprises a compensation step length and a period TCAnd balance Cremain. The compensation object is a low-frequency crystal oscillator counter, and the compensation step is the low-frequency crystal oscillator granularity T△LFThe compensation balance is the time-keeping error T which can not be divided completely due to the time error after the compensation is executedssResulting in a balance. The strategy of compensation is that when a compensation period comes, the time error of the equipment is enabled to be T through adding or subtracting one to or from a low-frequency crystal oscillator counter△LFAnd (4) the following steps.
The strategy for confirming the time service time of the collecting unit to the collecting unit in the step 5) is that the time service period of the collecting unit is set to be N seconds, and the error of the collecting unit can be controlled to be T after the previous compensation step△LFWithin the time range, the collecting unit can delay a certain time T every N seconds through the high-frequency crystal oscillator so that the time of the collecting unit reaches the compensated accurate time N seconds + 2T△LFTherefore, each collecting unit can send out a time frame of the acquisition unit at an accurate moment with the high-frequency crystal oscillator as the granularity, and the synchronous time synchronization of the acquisition units of the whole network is completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a low-frequency time tick scale error T of a convergence unit in a time keeping method applied to a transient recording fault indicator according to the present inventiondsSchematic representation of (a).
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a time keeping method applied to the transient recording type fault indicator according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The convergence unit low-frequency crystal oscillator timing scale error T in the inventiondsThe calculation comprises the following steps:
step 1) resetting a low-frequency crystal oscillator counter and a high-frequency crystal oscillator counter temporarily by a second pulse signal of a GPS standard clock source.
Step 2) waiting for the change of the low-frequency crystal oscillator counter, and recording the change moment of the low-frequency crystal oscillator counter and the count N of the high-frequency crystal oscillator counterHF。
Step 3) according to the counting of the high-frequency crystal oscillator counter and the counting time resolution of the low-frequency crystal oscillator counter, the time setting scale error exists
Tds＝T△LF-NHF/fHF
Unit timekeeping error T is compiled in the inventionssIncluding the time keeping error T in the first and subsequent GPS time ticksssAnd (4) calculating. Wherein: time keeping error T in time setting process of first GPS standard clock sourcessThe calculation process is as follows:
setting the time setting scale errors of adjacent seconds as Tds0、Tds1If (T)ds1-Tds0)＞|TssmaxL to obtain
Tss＝Tds1-Tds0-T△LF
If (T)ds1-Tds0)＜-|TssmaxL to obtain
Tss＝Tds1-Tds0+T△LF
Time keeping error T in time setting process of non-first GPS standard clock sourcessThe calculation process is as follows:
the time setting scale errors of the last second pulse and the current second pulse in the last GPS standard clock source time setting process are respectively Tds0、Tds1Recording the low frequency crystal oscillator counter running N during two second pulsesLFDuring which the GPS walk-through time is T△GPSThe equipment passing time is TgapThen obtain
Tgap＝NLFgT△LF+Tds1-Tds0
Tss＝(Tgap-T△GPS)/T△GPS
Error T of completion on timessAfter calculation, the device is allowed to calibrate the second-level information from the information output by the GPS serial port.
After the information output from the GPS serial port is correctly calibrated to the second-level information, the calculation of compensation parameters is carried out, wherein the compensation parameters comprise a compensation step length and a compensation period TCAnd compensating the balance Cremain. Wherein the compensation step is the low-frequency crystal oscillator granularity T△LFThe compensation balance is the time-keeping error T which can not be divided completely due to the time error after the compensation is executedssResulting in a balance. The strategy of compensation is to make the time error of the device within a certain range by adding or subtracting one to the low-frequency crystal oscillator counter.
Specifically, for the first compensation parameter after each GPS time synchronization, if TdsIs greater than
Compensation period TC0; namely, the low-frequency crystal oscillator counter immediately executes one-time subtracting operation to control the error to be within
M, Cremain＝Tds-T△LF(ii) a Otherwise, the compensation parameter technique is not the first time, in which case CremainInitial value is Tds。
For non-first-time compensation parameters, if the time-keeping error TssGreater than 0 (device time faster than standard time), the subsequent compensation period
After reaching the compensation period, executing a subtraction operation of the low-frequency crystal oscillator counter, and balancing after compensation
Cremain＝Cremain-T△LF+TCgTss；
If time-keeping error TssLess than 0 (device time slower than standard time), the subsequent compensation period
After reaching the compensation period, executing an adding operation of the low-frequency crystal oscillator counter, and balancing after compensation
Cremain＝Cremain+T△LF+TCgTss；
And a time setting acquisition unit. The strategy for confirming the time service time of the acquisition unit is that the time service period of the acquisition unit is set to be N seconds, and the error of the convergence unit can be controlled to be T after the last compensation step△LFWithin the time range, the collecting unit can delay a certain time T every N seconds through the high-frequency crystal oscillator so that the time of each collecting unit reaches the standard time N seconds + 2T△LFT is the compensation balance and the time T from the last compensation△CComprehensively calculated, and then uniformly sending out time service messages to complete the synchronous time service of the whole network acquisition units, wherein
t＝Cremain+T△CgTss+2gT△LF
Is easy to know, Max (t) is less than or equal to 3gT△LF
The error of the time service time includes a time keeping error TssCalculated error E ofss1st(first time) Ess(subsequent), time tick error TdsCalculated error E ofdsError of delay function EysTime error deviation T of low frequency crystal oscillator in adjacent section△ss。
Wherein the first time the time keeping error T calculated by the GPS standard clock sourcessTime setting scale error TdsThe error of the delay function is determined by the precision A of the high-frequency crystal oscillatorHFAnd high frequency crystal oscillator scale error T△HFAccuracy of low frequency crystal oscillatorIs ALFThen there is the first time of keeping time error T of GPS standard clock source time settingssThe maximum calculation error is:
Max(Ess1st)＝|AHFg(ALF+T△HF)|+|T△ss|
considering that the timing duration of the high-frequency timer does not exceed T△LFWith time-keeping error T during time synchronization of non-primary GPSssThe maximum calculation error is:
maximum time tick error TdsThe calculation error is:
Max(Eds)＝AHFg(T△LF+T△HF)
the maximum time error caused by using a high-frequency-based crystal oscillator is as follows:
Max(Eys)＝AHFg(Max(t)+T△HF)＝AHFg(3gT△LF+T△HF)
setting the time setting period of the collecting unit to be N seconds, and setting the deviation E between the time setting time of the collecting unit for the X time and the standard time after the last GPS time setting of the collecting unit is finishedgThen, there are:
after the first time of GPS standard clock source time setting, the maximum E existsgComprises the following steps:
maximum E after non-first GPS time synchronizationgComprises the following steps:
setting the low-frequency crystal oscillator frequency of the collecting unit to be 32768Hz, and setting the error to be +/-5 ppm; the high-frequency crystal oscillator frequency is 72M, the error is +/-0.5%, the time keeping target of the convergence unit is 5us, NgX is required to be smaller than the GPS time interval, and then
With maximum deviation of time of service between cells being 2 Max (E)g)
The above embodiments are illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not restrictive of the present invention, and those skilled in the relevant art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention to obtain corresponding equivalent technical solutions, and therefore all equivalent technical solutions should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A time keeping method applied to a transient recording mode fault indicator is characterized in that a time keeping scale error T of a low-frequency crystal oscillator is achieved by introducing a high-frequency crystal oscillator and combining a GPS standard clock sourcedsThe method comprises the steps of accurately calculating a timekeeping error, realizing the calibration of the low-frequency crystal oscillator based on the basis that the frequency of the crystal oscillator is basically constant under the environment stable condition, providing timekeeping time based on high-frequency crystal oscillator granularity for the whole network acquisition unit through a certain strategy, and realizing the accurate synchronization of the whole network acquisition unit; the GPS standard clock source is integrated on the collecting unit MCU, and outputs pulse per second and serial port time as the standard time reference of the equipment; the low-frequency crystal oscillator is used as a timing crystal oscillator of the equipment, and the high-frequency crystal oscillator is used as a timing crystal oscillator in ultra-short time;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1) realizing time synchronization scale error T of low-frequency crystal oscillator of a convergence unit by utilizing a counter based on a high-frequency crystal oscillator at the time synchronization time of a clock source second pulse under the GPS standarddsThe scale error of time setting is reduced to the scale of the high-frequency crystal oscillator;
step 2) repeating step 1);
step 3) calculating the time setting scale error T according to the second pulse time setting time of the two GPS standard clock sourcesdsAnd the low-frequency crystal oscillator of the accumulation value calculation and collection unit of the period low-frequency counterTime keeping error Tss；
Step 4) according to the time-keeping error TssCalculating to obtain the time-keeping error deviation T of the low-frequency crystal oscillator in the adjacent section△ssBinding sink Unit timekeeping target TGoalDynamically updating GPS standard clock source time interval T△GPS；
Step 5) according to the time setting scale error TdsAnd a time keeping error TssCalculating a low-frequency crystal oscillator compensation parameter, and compensating a clock of the low-frequency crystal oscillator;
and 6) when the time synchronization period of the acquisition unit arrives, controlling the time synchronization time of the whole-network collection unit to be an accurate time taking the high-frequency crystal oscillator as the granularity by combining the time delay based on the high-frequency crystal oscillator with the compensation parameter, so as to realize the synchronous time synchronization of the whole-network acquisition unit.
2. The time keeping method applied to the transient recording type fault indicator according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of the time scale error by the low-frequency crystal oscillator of the integrating unit in the step 1) is implemented by the following steps: calculating the position of the current low-frequency crystal oscillator oscillation waveform by using a high-frequency counter at the time of GPS time synchronization, and further calculating the time synchronization scale error Tds，TdsCrystal oscillator granularity T ranging from 0 to low frequency△LFIn which T is△LF＝1/fLFWherein f isLFRefers to the low frequency crystal oscillator frequency.
3. The time keeping method for the transient recording type fault indicator according to claim 1, wherein the time keeping error T of the low-frequency crystal oscillator of the collecting unit in the step 3) is TssCalculating in the time setting process of the first time and the non-first time; the implementation route is as follows: during the first GPS standard clock source second pulse time setting, the time setting time error T measured by the adjacent GPS standard clock source second pulse is useddsCalculating the per-second time-keeping deviation T of the low-frequency crystal oscillator by combining the precision range of the low-frequency crystal oscillatorss(ii) a In the subsequent GPS standard clock source second pulse time setting period, the time T passed by the equipment in the adjacent two GPS standard clock source second pulse time setting processes is usedgapCalculating the second time-keeping error T of the low-frequency crystal oscillatorssWherein T isgapThe accumulated value of the low-frequency time keeping counter during two second pulse periods and the time setting error during two second pulse periods are combined for operation.
4. The time keeping method for the transient recording type fault indicator according to claim 1, wherein the compensation parameters in step 5) include a compensation step size and a period TCAnd balance CremainThe compensation object is a low-frequency counter, and the compensation step is a low-frequency crystal oscillator granularity T△LFThe compensation balance is the balance generated by the time error which can not be divided by the punctuality error after the compensation is executed; the strategy of compensation is that when a compensation period comes, the time error of the equipment is enabled to be T through adding or subtracting one to or from a low-frequency crystal oscillator timekeeping counter△LFAnd (4) the following steps.
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