CN112213521A - Method for evaluating hardness of interfacial region of fiber composite material - Google Patents
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 208000035874 Excoriation Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004630 atomic force microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q60/00—Particular types of SPM [Scanning Probe Microscopy] or microscopes; Essential components thereof
- G01Q60/24—AFM [Atomic Force Microscopy] or apparatus therefor, e.g. AFM probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0286—Miniature specimen; Testing on microregions of a specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention relates to an evaluation method of interfacial zone hardness of a fiber composite material, which comprises the following steps: intercepting a sample from the fiber composite material, and grinding and polishing the intercepted surface of the sample to form a test surface; carrying out first three-dimensional shape scanning on the test area by using a probe to obtain the polishing abrasion height difference H between the interface and the fiber1The probe is used for conducting abrasion on the testing area to form an abrasion testing area, the probe is used for conducting secondary three-dimensional shape scanning on the abrasion testing area, and secondary abrasion height difference H between the interface and the fiber is obtained2(ii) a Obtaining a polishing abrasion height difference H1And the height difference H of the secondary abrasion2Difference between probe wear difference H3. The invention establishes a method for the hardness of the interfacial region of the fiber composite material by utilizing the micro-nano characterization technology, and can reduce the abrasion depth of the interfacial region caused by the barrier effect of high-strength fibers on a probeAnd errors caused by the existence of local defects when the abrasion depth is small can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of processing and detecting of fiber composite materials, in particular to an evaluation method of interfacial area hardness of a fiber composite material.
Background
The interface is an important factor influencing various performances of the fiber composite material, plays a role in stress transfer between fibers and resin, and influences not only the static mechanical property and the fatigue property of the fiber composite material but also the environmental tolerance of the fiber composite material. The interface performance in the fiber composite material is comprehensively evaluated, the material interface composition design and performance relationship can be better established, and important reference is provided for material development.
The bonding strength of the interface is an important index of the interface performance, and various methods such as micro-debonding, monofilament breakage, fiber extraction, fiber ejection and the like are developed successively to evaluate the bonding strength of the interface. However, the interfacial hardness is less concerned, and the interfacial hardness has a great influence on the dynamic performance and the environmental tolerance performance of the material.
The size of the fiber/resin interface region of the fiber composite material is only in the order of 100nm, and the detection area of most detection methods is much larger than the size, so that the micro-scale of the interface brings difficulty to the evaluation of the interface hardness. In the related art, there are several methods for evaluating the hardness of the interface, and a method for performing the modulus imaging of the interface region by using an atomic force microscope, however, the modulus imaging of the interface region requires a lot of time to finely adjust parameters, and the comparability between different samples is poor. The application of the nanometer mechanical testing equipment provides a new method for detecting mechanical characteristics of a micro-scale area, for example, a method for scribing an interface area between fiber and resin is frequently used, however, scribing of the interface area obtained by the method is influenced by the dimension of a probe, and the dimension and hardness of the interface area cannot be truly reflected due to the large scribing pressure. Typically, the interfacial region obtained by probe scribing can be as much as a few microns, much larger than that obtained by atomic force microscopy modulus imaging, and the interfacial region hardness/modulus is higher than that obtained for the corresponding resin, as opposed to that obtained by atomic force microscopy modulus imaging.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an evaluation method for the hardness of an interface region of a fiber composite material, which is established by utilizing a micro-nano characterization technology, can reduce the error of the abrasion depth of the interface region caused by the barrier effect of high-strength fibers on a probe, and can also reduce the error caused by the existence of local defects when the abrasion depth is smaller.
The embodiment of the invention provides an evaluation method of interfacial zone hardness of a fiber composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: intercepting a sample from a fiber composite material, wherein the sample comprises an intercepting surface, the interface direction in the sample is vertical to the fiber distribution direction, the length, the width and the height of the sample do not exceed 50mm multiplied by 10mm, and the intercepting surface of the sample is subjected to grinding and polishing treatment to form a test surface;
step 2: selecting 2-6 test areas on the test surface, wherein the side length of each test area is 1-10 mu m;
and step 3: carrying out first three-dimensional shape scanning on the test area by using a probe to obtain the polishing abrasion height difference H between the interface and the fiber1Utilizing a probe to abrade the test area to form an abrasion test area, utilizing the probe to scan the abrasion test area for the second three-dimensional shape to obtain the secondary abrasion height difference H between the interface and the fiber2；
And 4, step 4: obtaining the polishing abrasion height difference H1And the secondary wear height difference H2Difference between probe wear difference H3；
And 5: repeating the steps 2 to 4 to complete the three-dimensional shape scanning of each test area and obtain the polishing abrasion height difference H of each test area1Height difference of secondary abrasion H2And the probe wear difference H3；
Step 6: calculating the polishing abrasion height difference H of all the test areas1Average value of A1Secondary wear height difference H of all test areas2Average value of A2And the probe wear difference H of all test areas3Average value of A3。
Preferably, the scanning pressure of the first three-dimensional topography scanning is less than or equal to 4 μ N, and the scanning pressure of the second three-dimensional topography scanning is less than or equal to 5 μ N.
Preferably, when the probe wears the test area, the contact force between the probe and the surface of the test area is 10-60 μ N.
Preferably, the number of times of abrasion of the probe to the test area is 1-3 times.
Preferably, the test area is located adjacent to an intermediate ply or adjacent to a surfacing ply on the section plane.
Preferably, the fibers are carbon fibers.
Preferably, the polishing time of the intercepting surface is more than or equal to 15 min.
Preferably, the fibers are glass fibers.
Preferably, the polishing time of the intercepting surface is greater than or equal to 45 min.
Preferably, the fibers are silicon carbide fibers.
In conclusion, the evaluation method of the hardness of the interface area of the fiber composite material adopts the cutting surface vertical to the fiber direction, the interface has better consistency, the result credibility is improved through mutual verification of polishing abrasion and probe abrasion, the measurement error caused by sampling and samples is reduced, the hardness difference of the interface with the size of hundreds of nanometers can be obtained, the height difference information of the whole interface and the fiber is obtained through the whole area abrasion and scanning of the test area, the accuracy of the measurement data is improved, a plurality of test areas are arranged, the area comparability and the comparability among samples are realized, the measurement error is reduced, the abrasion acting force of the probe is controlled, the error of the abrasion depth of the interface area caused by the barrier effect of the high-strength fiber on the probe can be reduced, the error caused by the existence of local defects when the abrasion depth is smaller can be reduced, through the control of the abrasion times of the probe, the error caused by the existence of local defects when the abrasion depth is small is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows the difference in height (in nm) between the fiber and the interface region after the sample G1 and G2 of the present invention has been polished and abraded, and after the probe has been abraded a second time
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the difference in height (in nm) between the fiber and the interface region after the C1 and C2 specimens of the present invention are polished and abraded and after the probe is abraded twice
FIG. 3 is a first three-dimensional topographical scan and a second three-dimensional topographical scan of a sample in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 to 3 show an evaluation method of interfacial zone hardness of fiber composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: intercepting a sample from the fiber composite material, wherein the sample comprises an intercepting surface, the interface direction in the sample is vertical to the fiber distribution direction, the length, the width and the height of the sample do not exceed 50mm multiplied by 10mm, and the intercepting surface of the sample is ground and polished to form a test surface.
Step 2: 2-6 test areas are selected on the test surface, and the side length of each test area is 1-10 mu m.
And step 3: carrying out first three-dimensional shape scanning on the test area by using a probe to obtain the polishing abrasion height difference H between the interface and the fiber1The probe is used for wearing the test area to form a wear test area, and the probe is used for carrying out secondary three-dimensional test on the wear test areaScanning the shape to obtain the secondary abrasion height difference H between the interface and the fiber2。
And 4, step 4: obtaining a polishing abrasion height difference H1And the height difference H of the secondary abrasion2Difference between probe wear difference H3。
And 5: repeating the steps 2 to 4 to complete the three-dimensional shape scanning of each test area and obtain the polishing abrasion height difference H of each test area1Height difference of secondary abrasion H2And the probe wear difference H3。
Step 6: calculating the polishing abrasion height difference H of all the test areas1Average value of A1Secondary wear height difference H of all test areas2Average value of A2And the probe wear difference H of all test areas3Average value of A3。
In some embodiments, the scan pressure of the first three-dimensional topography scan is equal to or less than 4 μ N and the scan pressure of the second three-dimensional topography scan is equal to or less than 5 μ N. By controlling the scanning pressure, the situation that the scale and the hardness of an interface area cannot be truly reflected due to high pressure is avoided.
In some embodiments, the contact force between the probe and the surface of the test area is 10-60 μ N when the probe wears the test area. By controlling the abrasion force of the probe, the error of the abrasion depth of the interface region caused by the barrier effect of the high-strength fiber on the probe can be reduced.
In some embodiments, the number of times the probe wears the test area is 1-3 times. It is to be understood that the number of wearing times in the present application is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the test area is located adjacent to the intermediate layup or adjacent to the face layup on the section plane.
In some embodiments, when the fiber is carbon fiber, the polishing time of the sample cut surface is 15min or more. When the fiber is glass fiber, the polishing time of the sample section is more than or equal to 45 min.
In other embodiments, the fibers are silicon carbide fibers. It is to be understood that the material of the fiber and the polishing time of the sample cut surface in the present application are not limited thereto, and the length of the polishing time of the sample cut surface may be adapted according to the material of the fiber.
The evaluation method of the interfacial zone hardness of the fiber composite material according to some specific examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 and 3.
Samples G1 and G2 are cut from two high-strength glass fiber composite materials adopting different sizing agents, the samples G1 and G2 both comprise cutting surfaces, the interface directions in G1 and G2 are perpendicular to the fiber distribution direction, the length and width of the samples are 15mm multiplied by 4mm multiplied by 6mm, the cutting surfaces of the samples are sequentially ground by 200-mesh and 1500-mesh sand papers for grinding, and then the samples are polished for 90min to form test surfaces.
A sample G1 was sampled, and 1 test area was selected from the test surface of the sample G1 at a position near the middle of the lay direction and near the surface, and the side length of each test area was 5 μm.
Carrying out first three-dimensional shape scanning on the test area by using a probe, wherein the scanning pressure is 2 mu N, and obtaining the polishing abrasion height difference H between the interface and the fiber1The method comprises the steps of utilizing a probe to abrade a test area to form an abrasion test area, enabling the contact force between the probe and the surface to be 30 mu N when the abrasion test area is abraded, utilizing the probe to conduct secondary three-dimensional shape scanning on the abrasion test area, enabling the scanning pressure to be 3 mu N, and obtaining the secondary abrasion height difference H between an interface and a fiber2。
Obtaining a polishing abrasion height difference H1And the height difference H of the secondary abrasion2Difference between probe wear difference H3。
Sample G2 was tested in the same manner. The difference H in the polishing abrasion height of the test area of the test specimen G2 was obtained1Height difference of secondary abrasion H2And the probe wear difference H3；
The difference H in polishing wear height was obtained for all the test areas of samples G1 and G21Average value of A1Secondary wear height difference H of all test areas2Average value of A2And the probe wear difference H of all test areas3Average value of A3。
Record A1、A2And A3The values form figure 1.
From the data recorded in fig. 1, analysis is performed, and generally, fibers such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, silicon carbide fibers, and the like have a hardness much higher than that of the interface, so that when the fibers are subjected to abrasion, the abrasion amount of the fibers is smaller than that of the interface, and the three-dimensional morphology has a relatively high height after abrasion.
Since the same fibers were used for both samples G1 and G2, and the fibers had higher stability than the resin when the curing conditions and environment were different, the difference in the interfacial hardness was reflected by the difference in the height between the fibers and the interface, i.e., the greater the height difference, the lower the hardness in the interfacial region, and the smaller the height difference, the greater the hardness in the interfacial region, using the height of the fibers as the basis for the abrasion height. In FIG. 1, sample G1 is A in sample G2, compared with sample G23The smaller value, i.e., the interface having a smaller height difference from the fiber, indicates that sample G2 has a higher interface hardness.
As shown in FIG. 1, the apparent height at the boundary between the circular fiber region and the resin region is different from the interfacial region of the fiber and the resin, the size of the interfacial region is 100-300 nm, and the hardness of the interfacial region is significantly lower than that of the fiber region and that of the resin region, and the analysis result of FIG. 1 is also consistent with the modulus imaging result of the material obtained by atomic force microscope, the size of the interfacial region is 100-300 nm and the modulus is lower. The method has good applicability and credibility, and the height difference, difference value and proportion of each test area in the results of the first three-dimensional topography scanning and the second three-dimensional topography scanning have good consistency, thereby showing that the test has high repeatability and credibility.
Further specific examples of methods for evaluating interfacial zone stiffness of a fibrous composite according to the present invention are described below with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
Samples C1 and C2 were cut from two different carbon fiber composites, each of samples C1 and C2 included a cut surface, the interface directions in C1 and C2 were perpendicular to the fiber distribution direction, the length, width and height of samples C1 and C2 were 25mm × 8mm × 4mm, the cut surfaces of the samples were sequentially ground with 150 mesh and 800 mesh sandpaper, and then polished for 25min to form test surfaces.
Taking a sample C1, selecting 2 test areas respectively at the middle position close to the layering direction and the position close to the surface on the test surface of the sample C1, wherein the side length of each test area is 3 microns.
Carrying out first three-dimensional shape scanning on the test area by using a probe, wherein the scanning pressure is 2 mu N, and obtaining the polishing abrasion height difference H between the interface and the fiber1The method comprises the steps of utilizing a probe to abrade a test area to form an abrasion test area, enabling the contact force between the probe and the surface to be 45 mu N when the test area is abraded, utilizing the probe to conduct secondary three-dimensional shape scanning on the abrasion test area, enabling the scanning pressure to be 2 mu N, and obtaining the secondary abrasion height difference H between an interface and fibers2。
Obtaining a polishing abrasion height difference H1And the height difference H of the secondary abrasion2Difference between probe wear difference H3。
Sample G2 was tested in the same manner. The difference H in the polishing abrasion height of the test area of the test specimen G2 was obtained1Height difference of secondary abrasion H2And the probe wear difference H3；
The difference H in polishing wear height was obtained for all the test areas of samples G1 and G21Average value of A1Secondary wear height difference H of all test areas2Average value of A2And the probe wear difference H of all test areas3Average value of A3。
Record A1、A2And A3Values, and analysis were performed, and the analysis results are shown in fig. 2.
Since the same fibers were used for both samples C1 and C2 and the fibers had higher stability than the resin when the curing conditions and environment were different, the difference in the interfacial hardness was reflected by the difference in the height between the fibers and the interface, i.e., the greater the height difference, the lower the hardness in the interfacial region, and the smaller the height difference, the greater the hardness in the interfacial region, using the height of the fibers as the basis for the abrasion height. In FIG. 2, A in sample C1 is higher in sample C1 than in sample C23Of smaller value, i.e. interface with smaller fibresThe difference in height indicates that sample C1 has a higher interfacial hardness.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. For embodiments of the method, reference is made to the description of the apparatus embodiments in part. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating the hardness of an interfacial zone of a fiber composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: intercepting a sample from a fiber composite material, wherein the sample comprises an intercepting surface, the interface direction in the sample is vertical to the fiber distribution direction, the length, the width and the height of the sample do not exceed 50mm multiplied by 10mm, and the intercepting surface of the sample is subjected to grinding and polishing treatment to form a test surface;
step 2: selecting 2-6 test areas on the test surface, wherein the side length of each test area is 1-10 mu m;
and step 3: carrying out first three-dimensional shape scanning on the test area by using a probe to obtain the polishing abrasion height difference H between the interface and the fiber1Utilizing a probe to abrade the test area to form an abrasion test area, utilizing the probe to scan the abrasion test area for the second three-dimensional shape to obtain the secondary abrasion height difference H between the interface and the fiber2；
And 4, step 4: obtaining said polishing abrasionHeight difference H1And the secondary wear height difference H2Difference between probe wear difference H3；
And 5: repeating the steps 2 to 4 to complete the three-dimensional shape scanning of each test area and obtain the polishing abrasion height difference H of each test area1Height difference of secondary abrasion H2And the probe wear difference H3；
Step 6: calculating the polishing abrasion height difference H of all the test areas1Average value of A1Secondary wear height difference H of all test areas2Average value of A2And the probe wear difference H of all test areas3Average value of A3。
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first scan pressure is less than or equal to 4 μ N and the second scan pressure is less than or equal to 5 μ N.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the probe has a contact force of 10 to 60 μ N with the surface of the test area when the probe wears the test area.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of abrasions of said probe to said test area is 1-3 times.
5. The method of assessing interfacial zone stiffness of a fiber composite of claim 1, wherein said test area is located on said section plane adjacent to an intermediate ply or adjacent to a face ply.
6. The method of assessing interfacial zone stiffness in a fibrous composite according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein said fibers are carbon fibers.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the intercept polishing time is 15min or longer.
8. The method of assessing interfacial zone stiffness in a fibrous composite according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein said fibers are glass fibers.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the intercept polishing time is 45min or greater.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the fibers are silicon carbide fibers.
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| CN116577171A (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-08-11 | 山东大学 | Method and system for evaluating and repairing interface transition zone based on phase hardness difference |
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| US20040106345A1 (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2004-06-03 | Zafiroglu Dimitri Peter | Textured composite material |
| WO2011077598A1 (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-06-30 | 日信工業株式会社 | Carbon-fiber composite material, process for producing same, insulation article, electronic component, and logging tool |
| WO2011153973A1 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-15 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for the contactless, destruction-free determination of the hardness, porosity and/or mechanical stresses of materials or composite materials |
| US20120030846A1 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-02 | Government Of The United States, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Atomic Force Microscopy System and Method for Nanoscale Measurement |
| US20150315430A1 (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-11-05 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Fiber reinforced polymer composite with a hard interphase |
| CN106872675A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-06-20 | 中航复合材料有限责任公司 | A kind of method for evaluating continuous fiber reinforced composite materials resin uniformity |
| US20180111338A1 (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2018-04-26 | Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Hybrid multifunctional composite material and method of making the same |
| CN109182888A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2019-01-11 | 吉林大学 | The bionical components of the coupling of high temperature resistant erosive wear and its bionic surface preparation method |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116577171A (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-08-11 | 山东大学 | Method and system for evaluating and repairing interface transition zone based on phase hardness difference |
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| CN112213521B (en) | 2023-11-03 |
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