CN112213207A - Large visual direct shear experiment platform for solid filling materials - Google Patents
Large visual direct shear experiment platform for solid filling materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN112213207A CN112213207A CN202011101627.8A CN202011101627A CN112213207A CN 112213207 A CN112213207 A CN 112213207A CN 202011101627 A CN202011101627 A CN 202011101627A CN 112213207 A CN112213207 A CN 112213207A
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- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large visual direct shear experiment platform for solid filling materials, which consists of a reaction frame, a tamper, a loading system, a shearing system and a data monitoring system. The tamping machine can simulate the tamping process of solid filling materials after the solid filling materials are filled into a goaf in the solid filling coal mining process, the systems are matched with each other, not only can large-scale direct shear experiments be carried out on the tamped solid filling materials, but also large-scale side limit compression experiments can be carried out, relevant data in the experiment process can be collected, results such as shear strength parameters, stress-strain characteristics and creep characteristics of the tamped solid filling materials are obtained, and meanwhile, the motion, the crushing condition and the shear zone development process of the material particles in the experiment process can be observed in the whole process. The platform is simple in structure and multiple in functions, is an experimental platform for deeply researching the mechanical property of the solid filling material after tamping and the influence of the tamping process on the mechanical property of the filling material, and has important significance on guiding the selection of the solid filling material and optimizing the solid filling coal mining process according to the research result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solid filling coal mining solid filling material physical mechanical property simulation test experiment platform and an experiment method, in particular to a solid filling material large-scale visual direct shear experiment platform.
Background
In recent years, the comprehensive mechanized solid filling coal mining technology has remarkable effects in the aspects of controlling overlying strata movement, reducing ground subsidence, protecting ground buildings and the like, and becomes one of the most effective technical approaches for liberating 'three-lower' coal compaction. The solid filling materials used in solid filling coal mining mainly comprise non-viscous bulk materials such as waste rock, coal ash, aeolian sand and the like, the bulk materials are filled into a gob and then tamped by a tamping mechanism to form a main body for bearing overlying strata load and reducing ground surface subsidence, and the physical and mechanical properties such as shear strength, deformation resistance and the like of the tamped solid filling materials are important factors for determining the bearing performance and ensuring the filling quality.
At present, the research on the physical and mechanical properties of the solid filling material mainly focuses on testing the compression and deformation resistance of the solid filling material through a steel cylinder side limit compression experiment, the research on the shear strength of the solid filling material through a direct shear experiment is less, and although various large direct shear experimental devices exist in the field of geotechnical engineering at present, the tamping process of the solid filling material in a goaf cannot be simulated, so that the shear resistance of the solid filling material after tamping cannot be researched.
The invention patent with the application number of 201210527053.X discloses a simulation experiment platform for a solid filling coal mining solid material compaction system, which can be used for simulating a filling and tamping process of a solid material in a solid filling mining technology in a laboratory to research the stress-strain characteristics and the creep characteristics of different solid filling materials under a lateral limit compression condition and a continuous constant pressure, but can not carry out direct shear experiment research on the tamped solid filling material, and can not observe the movement, the crushing condition and the development process of a shear zone of material particles in the experiment process in the whole process. Therefore, at present, a large-scale visual experiment platform which can simulate the tamping process of solid filling materials in a goaf, can directly shear the tamped solid filling materials and can observe the movement and the crushing condition of material particles and the development process of a shear zone in the experiment process is needed to be researched and developed urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a solid filling coal mining solid filling material direct shear experimental platform and an experimental method. The experimental platform can simulate the tamping process of solid filling materials in a goaf, can carry out large-scale direct shear experiment and side limit compression experiment on the tamped solid filling materials, and can observe the motion, the crushing condition and the shear zone development process of material particles in the experimental process in the whole process.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A large visual direct shear experiment platform for solid filling materials comprises a reaction frame, a tamper, a vertical loading system, a shearing system and a data monitoring system.
The reaction frame consists of a reaction plate and a platform base, and the reaction plate is supported above the platform base by four upright posts.
The tamper consists of two tamper cylinders, a tamper base, a horizontal pushing cylinder, a slideway and a tamper plate; the slide way is arranged on the platform base, and the tamper base is assembled on the slide way in a rolling or sliding manner; the two rammer compactor oil cylinders are arranged on the rammer compactor base side by side, the rear end parts of the cylinder bodies of the rammer compactor oil cylinders are hinged to the rammer compactor base, and the rammer plate is fixed at the front end of the cylinder rod of the rammer compactor oil cylinder; the horizontal pushing oil cylinder is arranged between the two tamping machine oil cylinders, the cylinder body of the horizontal pushing oil cylinder is fixed on the platform base, and the front end of the lever of the horizontal pushing oil cylinder is connected with the tamping machine base; the two rammer compactor cylinders are respectively provided with a height-adjusting cylinder, one end of each height-adjusting cylinder is hinged to the rammer base, the other end of each height-adjusting cylinder is hinged to the cylinder body of each rammer compactor cylinder, and the rammer base, the height-adjusting cylinders and the rammer compactor cylinders form a triangular support.
The vertical loading system consists of a primary loading oil cylinder, a secondary loading oil cylinder base, a loading plate, a charging port oil cylinder and a charging plate; the primary loading oil cylinder is vertically arranged below the reaction plate, and a cylinder body of the primary loading oil cylinder is arranged on the reaction plate; the base of the secondary loading oil cylinder is arranged at the end part of the cylinder rod of the primary loading oil cylinder; the cylinder body of the secondary loading oil cylinder is arranged on the base of the secondary loading oil cylinder and vertically faces downwards; the number of the secondary loading oil cylinders is preferably four and the secondary loading oil cylinders are arranged in a square shape; the loading plate is hinged to the end part of the cylinder rod of the secondary loading oil cylinder; the cylinder body of the charging port oil cylinder is arranged on a base of the secondary loading oil cylinder and is positioned on one side of the secondary loading oil cylinder close to the tamper, and the charging plate is hinged to the end part of a cylinder rod of the charging port oil cylinder; the charging port oil cylinders are preferably two.
The shearing system is composed of an upper shearing box and a lower shearing box, and the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are made of transparent materials.
The upper shearing box consists of a square top ring and a plurality of square stacked rings. Three sides of the square top ring are of an integral structure, the other side of the square top ring is a detachable top ring strip baffle, and the top ring strip baffle is positioned on one side of the tamper; four corners of the square top ring are provided with sleeves, and the four sleeves are respectively sleeved on the four stand columns. Three limits of square pile ring are overall structure, and the another side is for dismantling sweeping the tail baffle. The square top ring and the square stacking rings are sequentially stacked together to form the upper shearing box, the tail sweeping baffle is positioned on one side of the tamper, the upper surfaces of two sides (shearing direction) of the square stacking rings, which are parallel to the slide way, are provided with ball slide ways, and balls are arranged in the ball slide ways.
The bottom shearing box is a box body with a bottom and without a top cover, three side surfaces of the bottom shearing box are integrated, the other side of the bottom shearing box is formed by stacking a plurality of detachable bottom shearing box strip baffles, and the bottom shearing box strip baffles are positioned on one side of the tamper. Ball slideways are arranged at the tops of two surfaces of the lower shearing box parallel to the slideways, and balls are arranged in the ball slideways. The bottom of the lower shearing box is provided with a roller along the direction of the slideway.
The data monitoring system comprises pressure sensors arranged on oil cylinders of the tamping machines, a secondary loading oil cylinder and a charging hole oil cylinder, a vertical displacement sensor arranged between a base of the secondary loading oil cylinder and a loading plate, a vertical displacement sensor arranged between the base of the secondary loading oil cylinder and the loading plate, a horizontal displacement sensor arranged in the middle of one surface of the lower shearing box opposite to the tamping machine, and a horizontal displacement sensor arranged on one surface of the upper shearing box opposite to the tamping machine, wherein each square overlapping ring of the upper shearing box is formed by the horizontal displacement sensor.
The square top ring, the square stacking rings and the lower shearing box are provided with convenient buckles, all the convenient buckles are opened, mutual restraint can be cancelled, the number of the stacking rings is increased or decreased, large-scale direct shearing experiments can be carried out on solid filling materials with different heights, all the convenient buckles are closed, mutual restraint can be started, and large-scale side limit compression experiments can be carried out on the solid filling materials with different heights.
The large visual direct shear experimental method for the solid filling coal mining solid filling material comprises the following steps:
the large visual direct shear experimental platform for the solid filling material is prepared.
And 2, starting the secondary loading oil cylinder to enable the loading plate to descend to a specified height.
And 3, carrying out 1 st round of charging according to design requirements, moving the tamper to a lower shearing box, limiting the base of the tamper, and carrying out 1 st round of tamping on the solid filling material according to the designed tamping angle and tamping force until the top of the material contacts a loading plate.
And 4, repeating the step 3, carrying out loading in the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th wheels 4 … and tamping in the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th wheels 4 …, gradually retreating the tamping machine along with the loading, simultaneously installing a lower shearing box strip baffle, a tail sweeping baffle and a top ring strip baffle from bottom to top at proper time to prevent the material from flowing out and ensure the tamping effect, starting a loading port oil cylinder after all the baffles are installed after the material is filled and filled, so that the loading plate descends, and stopping when the bottom surface of the loading plate and the bottom surface of the loading plate reach the same level.
And 5, starting all the pressure sensors and the vertical displacement sensors, then starting and cooperatively controlling the charging port oil cylinder and the secondary loading oil cylinder, synchronously descending the charging plate and the loading plate in a displacement control mode to load the solid filling material, and stopping loading when the vertical stress reaches a set value.
And 6, adjusting the oil cylinder of the tamper to be in a horizontal state, moving the base of the tamper to enable the tamper to be in an optimal loading position, opening a limiting device, connecting a tamper plate and a lower shearing box of the tamper through a connector, opening convenient buckles among the lower shearing box, the square stacking ring and the square top ring, canceling mutual constraint, and preparing to carry out a large-scale direct shearing experiment on the solid filling material.
And 7, starting the horizontal displacement sensor, then starting the tamper, pushing the lower shearing box to shear the solid filling material in a displacement control loading mode, sequentially driving the material in the upper laminated ring to move when the solid filling material at the boundary of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box moves under the action of shearing force, and stopping loading when the displacement of the lower shearing box reaches 20 cm.
And 8, closing all sensors, retracting the oil cylinder of the tamper to pull the lower shearing box back to the original position, manually assisting alignment of the square stacking rings, simultaneously retracting the secondary loading oil cylinder and the charging port oil cylinder to pull the loading plate and the charging plate back to the original position, closing the convenient buckles among the lower shearing box, the stacking rings and the top ring, restarting the mutual restraint, sequentially removing the top ring strip baffle, the tail sweeping baffle and the lower shearing box strip baffle from top to bottom, unloading at the side surface, and starting the secondary loading oil cylinder to apply impact force to the materials to loosen the materials when the materials are compacted tightly and are not easy to unload.
And 9, after the unloading is finished, returning all the oil cylinders and the components to the original positions for the next experiment.
And step 10, processing the data acquired and stored by the data monitoring system to obtain the shear strength parameter of the tamped solid filling material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
this experiment platform not only can simulate the tamping process of solid filling material in the collecting space area through each system is mutually supported, can carry out large-scale direct shear experiment and side limit compression experiment to the solid filling material after the tamp moreover, obtains results such as shear strength parameter, stress strain characteristic and creep characteristic of the solid filling material after the tamp, can whole motion, the broken condition and the shear zone development process of observing the material in the experimentation simultaneously. The platform is simple in structure and multiple in functions, is an important experiment platform for deeply researching the mechanical property of the solid filling material after tamping and the influence of the tamping process on the mechanical property of the filling material, has important significance on guiding the selection of the solid filling material and optimizing the solid filling coal mining process according to the research result, and can be widely popularized and applied in the technical fields of mining engineering and geotechnical engineering.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the whole structure of the initial state of the large visual direct shear experimental platform for solid filling materials.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feeding and tamping process of a large visual direct shear experiment platform for solid filling materials.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a direct shear experiment process of a large visual direct shear experiment platform for solid filling materials.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the shearing system of the large visual direct shear experiment platform for solid filling materials.
FIG. 5 is a top view of the tamper of the large visual direct shear test platform for solid filling materials.
FIG. 6 is a bottom view of distribution of a two-stage loading oil cylinder and a charging port oil cylinder of a large visual direct shear experimental platform for solid filling materials.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a ball slideway of a large visual direct shear experimental platform for solid filling materials.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a ball groove of a large visual direct shear experimental platform for solid filling materials.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a tail sweeping baffle of a large visual direct shear experimental platform for solid filling materials.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a convenient buckle structure of a large visual direct shear experiment platform for solid filling materials. Wherein: the drawing a is a front view, and the drawing b is a side view.
In the figure: 1. a column; 2. a reaction plate; 3. a platform base; 4. a tamper; 5. a tamper base; 6. heightening the oil cylinder; 7. a horizontal pushing cylinder; 8. a slideway; 9. a primary loading oil cylinder; 10. a secondary loading oil cylinder; 11. a secondary loading oil cylinder base; 12. a loading plate; 13. a charging port oil cylinder; 14. a charging plate; 15. an upper shearing box; 16. a lower shear box; 17. a pressure sensor; 18. a vertical displacement sensor; 19. a square stacking ring; 20. a horizontal displacement sensor; 21. a square top ring; 22. a ball bearing; 23. a ball groove; 24. a ball ramp; 25. a strip baffle of the lower shearing box; 26. a tail sweeping baffle; 27. a top ring strip baffle; 28. a sleeve; 29. convenient buckling; 30. solid packing materials; 31. a connector; 32. compacting the plate; 33. a compactor cylinder; 34. a data transmission line; 35. a signal converter; 36. and (4) a computer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A large visual direct shear experiment platform for solid filling materials mainly comprises six systems, namely a reaction frame, a tamper, a vertical loading system, a shearing system and a data monitoring system; the reaction frame comprises 4 upright columns 1 distributed at four corners of the platform, a reaction plate 2 at the top and a platform base 3, and the two upright columns are mutually connected in a high-strength rigid manner. The tamper 4 comprises a tamper base 5, a heightening oil cylinder 6, a horizontal pushing oil cylinder 7 and a slideway 8. The vertical loading system comprises a primary loading oil cylinder 9, a secondary loading oil cylinder 10, a secondary loading oil cylinder base 11, a loading plate 12, a charging hole oil cylinder 13 and a charging plate 14; the shearing system mainly comprises an upper shearing box 15 and a lower shearing box 16; the data monitoring system comprises a pressure sensor 17, a vertical displacement sensor 18, a horizontal displacement sensor 20, a data transmission line 34, a signal converter 35 and a computer 36; the hydraulic system provides power for each oil cylinder.
2 rammer compactor cylinders 33 of rammer are fixed on rammer base 5 side by side, rammer base 5 is placed on slide 8, slide 8 and horizontal thrust cylinder 7 are fixed in platform base 3. horizontal thrust cylinder 7 is located among 2 rammer compactor cylinders, and the end of jar pole is connected with rammer base 5 through the round pin axle, can push rammer compactor base 5 and remove on slide 8. The base 5 of the tamper is provided with a limiting device, and before the oil cylinder of the tamper is loaded, the limiting device is opened to fix the base 5 of the tamper on the platform base 3. One end of the heightening oil cylinder 6 is hinged with the base 5 of the tamper, and the other end is hinged with the cylinder body of the tamper oil cylinder 33, so that the swing of the tamper oil cylinder 33 can be controlled, and the full-height tamping of the solid filling material 30 can be realized within the swing angle range. The tamper 4 acts as a loading mechanism for the horizontal thrust of the lower shear box 16 at the beginning of the direct shear test.
One end of a primary loading oil cylinder 9 of the vertical loading system is fixed on the reaction plate 2 through a bolt, and the other end of the primary loading oil cylinder is connected with a secondary loading oil cylinder base 11 through a bolt. The number of the loading oil cylinders 10 is four, one end of each loading oil cylinder is fixed on a second-stage loading oil cylinder base 11 through a bolt, the other end of each loading oil cylinder is hinged to a loading plate 12 through a pin shaft, the four second-stage loading oil cylinders 11 are symmetrically distributed in a square shape relative to the loading plate 12, and the actions are completely synchronous during working. The two charging port oil cylinders 13 are arranged side by side, one end of each charging port oil cylinder is fixed on the base 11 of the two-stage loading oil cylinder through a bolt, the other end of each charging port oil cylinder is hinged to the charging plate 14 through a pin shaft, and the two charging port oil cylinders 13 act completely and synchronously during working. The loading plate 12 and the charging plate 14 are both made of high-strength steel plates with a thickness of 5cm, the length x width of the loading plate 12 is 150cm x 200cm, the length x width of the charging plate 14 is 49.5cm x 200cm, and a gap of 0.5cm is reserved between the loading plate and the charging plate in the shearing direction.
The upper shearing box 15 and the lower shearing box 16 of the shearing system are both processed by a high-strength transparent toughened glass plate with the thickness of 5cm, the lower shearing box 16 is a box body with a bottom and without a cover, and the length, the width and the height of the inner part of the box body are 200cm, 200cm and 150 cm; the upper cutting box 15 is a square frame body, the whole inside dimension of which is length multiplied by width multiplied by height is 200cm multiplied by 155.5 cm, and the upper cutting box is composed of a square top ring 21 with the height of 50cm and 10 square stacked rings 19 with the height of 10 cm.
The two sides of the square top ring 21, the square stacked rings 19 and the lower shearing box 16 along the shearing direction are all provided with balls 22 to reduce the mutual friction force in the shearing process, the upper surfaces of the lower shearing box 16 and the square stacked rings 19 are provided with ball grooves 23 for mounting the balls 22, the lower surfaces of the square stacked rings 19 and the square top ring 21 are provided with ball slide ways 24, the sizes of the ball grooves 23, the ball slide ways 24 and the balls 22 are matched, and the sealing distance among all the parts is 0.5 cm.
Go up the one side that shears box 15 and lower shear box 16 are close to rammer compactor 4, the lower shear box 16 side decomposes into four 30cm high can dismantle lower shear box rectangular baffle 25 and 1 piece 30cm high "L" type in top can dismantle sweep tail baffle 26 in the vertical direction, and threaded hole is seted up at lower shear box rectangular baffle 25 both ends, accessible bolt fastening in box both sides. The side surface of the square stacking ring 19 is provided with an L-shaped tail sweeping baffle 26 with the height of 10cm, two ends of the tail sweeping baffle 26 are provided with threaded holes, and the tail sweeping baffle is fixed on the stacking ring 19 through bolts; the side of the square top ring 21 is decomposed into 2 detachable top ring strip baffles 27 with the height of 25cm in the vertical direction, threaded holes are formed in two ends of each top ring strip baffle 27 and are fixed on the square top ring through bolts, the four stand columns 1 are sleeved with the square top ring 21 through sleeves 28 at four corners and are fixed on the second-stage loading oil cylinder base 11 through bolts, and therefore the square top ring 21 can only move in the vertical direction by taking the stand columns 1 as tracks.
A data monitoring system is characterized in that each compactor oil cylinder 33, a secondary loading oil cylinder 10 and a charging hole oil cylinder 13 are respectively provided with a pressure sensor 17, 4 vertical displacement sensors 18 are arranged between a secondary loading oil cylinder base 11 and a loading plate 12, 2 vertical displacement sensors 18 are arranged between a secondary loading oil cylinder base 11 and a loading plate 14, 1 horizontal displacement sensor 20 is arranged between the middle part of a shearing box 16 opposite to a compactor 4 and a platform base 3, 10 horizontal displacement sensors 20 are arranged between the middle parts of square stacking rings 19 opposite to the compactor (4) 4 and the secondary loading oil cylinder base 11, each sensor is connected with a computer 36 through a signal converter 35 through a data transmission line 34, and the computer 36 can display and store data of each sensor in real time.
The experiment platform provided by the invention is used for carrying out large-scale visual direct shear experiment on solid filling materials, and comprises the following steps:
a. and starting the primary loading oil cylinder 9 to enable the base 11 of the secondary loading oil cylinder to descend, stopping when the ball slide 24 of the square stacking ring 19 at the bottommost part is contacted with the ball 22 of the lower shearing box 16, opening the limiting safety bolt of the primary loading oil cylinder 9, and closing the convenient buckle 29 between the lower shearing box 16 and the adjacent square stacking ring 19 to enable the upper shearing box 15 and the lower shearing box 16 to be connected into a stable integral structure.
b. The secondary load cylinder 10 is actuated to lower the load plate 12 to a specified height.
c. And (3) carrying out the 1 st round of charging according to the design requirement, then moving the tamper 4 close to the lower shearing box 16, starting a base limiting device of the tamper, and carrying out the 1 st round of tamping on the solid filling material 30 according to the designed tamping angle and tamping force until the top of the material contacts the loading plate 12.
d. And c, repeating the step c, loading materials in the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 … th wheels and tamping the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th wheels 4 …, gradually retreating the tamping machine 4 along with the loading materials, simultaneously installing a lower shearing box strip baffle 25, a tail sweeping baffle 26 and a top ring strip baffle 27 from bottom to top at proper time to prevent the materials from flowing out and ensure the tamping effect, starting the loading port oil cylinder 13 after all the baffles are installed after the materials are filled and filled, so that the loading plate 14 descends, and stopping when the bottom surface of the loading plate 14 and the bottom surface of the loading plate 12 reach the same level.
e. Starting all the pressure sensors 17 and the vertical displacement sensor 18, then starting and cooperatively controlling the charging port cylinder 13 and the secondary loading cylinder 10, synchronously descending the charging plate 14 and the loading plate 12 in a displacement control mode to load the solid filling material 30, and stopping the loading when the vertical stress reaches a set value.
f. Adjusting the oil cylinder 33 of the tamper to be in a horizontal state, moving the base 5 of the tamper to enable the tamper 4 to be in an optimal loading position, opening the limiting device, connecting the tamper plate 32 and the lower shear box 16 through the connector 31, opening the convenient buckles 29 among the lower shear box 16, the square stacking rings 19 and the square top ring 21, canceling mutual constraint, and preparing to carry out a large-scale direct shear experiment on the solid filling material 30.
g. The horizontal displacement sensor 20 is started, then the oil cylinder 33 of the tamper is started, the lower shear box 16 is pushed in a displacement control loading mode to shear the solid filling material 30, the solid filling material 30 at the boundary of the upper shear box 15 and the lower shear box 16 is driven to move by the shear force in the upper square laminated ring 19 in sequence, and the loading is stopped when the displacement of the lower shear box 16 reaches 20 cm.
h. All sensors are closed, the lower shearing box 16 is pulled back to the original position by the contracting ram cylinder 33, the alignment of the square stacking rings 19 is manually assisted, meanwhile, the secondary loading cylinder 10 and the charging port cylinder 13 are contracted to pull back the loading plate 12 and the charging plate 14, the convenient buckles 29 among the lower shearing box 16, the square stacking rings 19 and the square top ring 21 are closed, the mutual restraint is started again, the top ring strip baffle 27, the tail sweeping baffle 26 and the lower shearing box strip baffle 25 are sequentially removed from top to bottom, the materials are discharged from the side, and when the materials are compacted tightly and are not easy to discharge, the secondary loading cylinder 10 can be started to apply impact force to the materials to loosen the materials.
j. After the unloading is finished, all the oil cylinders and the components return to the original positions to be used for the next experiment.
And k, processing the data acquired and stored by the data monitoring system to obtain the shearing strength parameter of the tamped solid filling material 30.
Claims (6)
1. A large visual direct shear experiment platform for solid filling materials comprises a reaction frame, a tamper, a vertical loading system, a shearing system and a data monitoring system; the method is characterized in that:
the reaction frame consists of a reaction plate and a platform base, and the reaction plate is supported above the platform base by four upright posts;
the tamper consists of two tamper cylinders, a tamper base, a horizontal pushing cylinder, a slideway and a tamper plate; the slide way is arranged on the platform base, and the tamper base is assembled on the slide way in a rolling or sliding manner; the two rammer compactor oil cylinders are arranged on the rammer compactor base side by side, the rear end parts of the cylinder bodies of the rammer compactor oil cylinders are hinged to the rammer compactor base, and the rammer plate is fixed at the front end of the cylinder rod of the rammer compactor oil cylinder; the horizontal pushing oil cylinder is arranged between the two tamping machine oil cylinders, the cylinder body of the horizontal pushing oil cylinder is fixed on the platform base, and the front end of the lever of the horizontal pushing oil cylinder is connected with the tamping machine base; the two rammer compactor cylinders are respectively provided with a height-adjusting cylinder, one end of each height-adjusting cylinder is hinged to the rammer base, the other end of each height-adjusting cylinder is hinged to the cylinder body of each rammer compactor cylinder, and the rammer base, the height-adjusting cylinders and the rammer compactor cylinders form a triangular support;
the vertical loading system consists of a primary loading oil cylinder, a secondary loading oil cylinder base, a loading plate, a charging port oil cylinder and a charging plate; the primary loading oil cylinder is vertically arranged below the reaction plate, and a cylinder body of the primary loading oil cylinder is arranged on the reaction plate; the base of the secondary loading oil cylinder is arranged at the end part of the cylinder rod of the primary loading oil cylinder; the cylinder body of the secondary loading oil cylinder is arranged on the base of the secondary loading oil cylinder and vertically faces downwards; the loading plate is hinged to the end part of the cylinder rod of the secondary loading oil cylinder; the cylinder body of the charging port oil cylinder is arranged on a base of the secondary loading oil cylinder and is positioned on one side of the secondary loading oil cylinder close to the tamper, and the charging plate is hinged to the end part of a cylinder rod of the charging port oil cylinder;
the shearing system consists of an upper shearing box and a lower shearing box;
the upper shearing box consists of a square top ring and a plurality of square stacked rings; three sides of the square top ring are of an integral structure, the other side of the square top ring is a detachable top ring strip baffle, and the top ring strip baffle is positioned on one side of the tamper; four corners of the square top ring are provided with sleeves, and the four sleeves are respectively sleeved on the four upright posts; three sides of the square stacking ring are of an integral structure, and the other side of the square stacking ring is a detachable tail sweeping baffle; the square top ring and the square stacking rings are sequentially stacked together to form an upper shearing box, the tail sweeping baffle is positioned at one side of the tamper, ball slideways are arranged on the upper surfaces of two sides of the square stacking rings, which are parallel to the slideways, and balls are arranged in the ball slideways;
the lower shearing box is a box body with a bottom and without a top cover, three side surfaces of the box body are integrated, the other side surface of the box body is formed by stacking a plurality of detachable lower shearing box strip baffles, and the lower shearing box strip baffles are positioned on one side of the tamper; the tops of two surfaces of the lower shearing box, which are parallel to the slide way, are provided with ball slide ways, and balls are arranged in the ball slide ways; the bottom of the lower shearing box is provided with a roller along the direction of the slideway;
the data monitoring system comprises pressure sensors arranged on oil cylinders of the tamping machines, a secondary loading oil cylinder and a charging hole oil cylinder, a vertical displacement sensor arranged between a base of the secondary loading oil cylinder and a loading plate, a vertical displacement sensor arranged between the base of the secondary loading oil cylinder and the loading plate, a horizontal displacement sensor arranged in the middle of one surface of the lower shearing box opposite to the tamping machine, and a horizontal displacement sensor arranged on one surface of the upper shearing box opposite to the tamping machine, wherein each square overlapping ring of the upper shearing box is formed by the horizontal displacement sensor.
2. The large visual direct shear experimental platform for solid filling materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the two-stage loading oil cylinders are preferably four and are arranged in a square shape.
3. The large visual direct shear experimental platform for solid filling materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the charging port oil cylinders are preferably two.
4. The large visual direct shear experimental platform for solid filling materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein: convenient buckles are arranged between the square top ring and the adjacent square stacking rings, between the square stacking rings and between the square stacking ring at the lowermost part and the lower shearing box.
5. The large visual direct shear experimental platform for solid filling materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are made of transparent materials.
6. A method for carrying out large-scale visual direct shear experiment on solid filling materials by using the large-scale visual direct shear experiment platform for the solid filling materials according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
step 1, starting a primary loading oil cylinder to enable a base of a secondary loading oil cylinder to descend, stopping when a ball slide way of the bottommost square stacking ring is in contact with balls on the top surface of a lower shearing box, and closing a convenient buckle between the lower shearing box and an adjacent square stacking ring to enable the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box to be connected into an integral structure;
step 2, starting the secondary loading oil cylinder to enable the loading plate to descend to a specified height;
step 3, carrying out 1 st round of charging according to design requirements, then moving the tamper to a lower shearing box, limiting the base of the tamper, and carrying out 1 st round of tamping on the solid filling material according to a designed tamping angle and tamping force until the top of the material contacts a loading plate;
step 4, repeating the step 3, carrying out 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 … th wheel charging and 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th 4 … th wheel tamping, gradually retreating the tamping machine along with the charging, simultaneously installing a lower shearing box strip baffle, a tail sweeping baffle and a top ring strip baffle from bottom to top in due time, starting a charging port oil cylinder after all the baffles are installed after the materials are filled and filled, so that the charging plate descends, and stopping when the bottom surface of the charging plate and the bottom surface of the loading plate reach the same level;
step 5, starting all pressure sensors and vertical displacement sensors, then starting and cooperatively controlling a charging port oil cylinder and a secondary loading oil cylinder, synchronously descending a charging plate and a loading plate in a displacement control mode to load the solid filling material, and stopping loading when the vertical stress reaches a set value;
step 6, adjusting the oil cylinder of the tamper to reach a horizontal state, connecting the tamper tamping plate and the lower shearing box through the connector, opening convenient buckles among the lower shearing box, the square stacking ring and the square top ring, canceling mutual constraint, and preparing to carry out a large-scale direct shearing experiment on the solid filling material;
step 7, starting the horizontal displacement sensor, then starting the tamper, pushing the lower shearing box to shear the solid filling material in a displacement control loading mode, sequentially driving the material in the upper laminated ring to move when the solid filling material at the boundary of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box moves under the action of shearing force, and stopping loading when the displacement of the lower shearing box reaches 20 cm;
step 8, closing all sensors, contracting the oil cylinder of the tamper to pull the lower shearing box back to the original position, aligning the square stacking rings, simultaneously contracting the secondary loading oil cylinder and the charging port oil cylinder to pull the loading plate and the charging plate back to the original position, closing convenient buckles among the lower shearing box, the square stacking rings and the square top rings, restarting mutual restraint, sequentially removing the top ring strip baffle, the tail sweeping baffle and the lower shearing box strip baffle from top to bottom, and unloading materials on the side surface;
step 9, after the unloading is finished, all the oil cylinders and the components return to the original positions to wait for the next experiment;
and step 10, processing the data acquired and stored by the data monitoring system to obtain the shear strength parameter of the tamped solid filling material.
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| CN202011101627.8A CN112213207B (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2020-10-15 | Large visual direct shear experiment platform for solid filling materials |
| PCT/CN2021/071069 WO2022077787A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-11 | Large visual direct shear test platform for solid filling materials |
| AU2021277732A AU2021277732B2 (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-11 | Large visual direct shear experiment platform for solid filling materials |
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| CN113029800A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-06-25 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Compression test device and method for solid filling material |
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| CN115753283A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 长安大学 | Preparation device and preparation method of rock mass filling structural plane direct shear sample |
| CN117147322B (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2023-12-29 | 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Pier stud load test device |
| CN117314371A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2023-12-29 | 济宁矿业集团有限公司霄云煤矿 | Intelligent management platform for coal mine solid filling |
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| WO2022077787A1 (en) | 2022-04-21 |
| CN112213207B (en) | 2021-08-27 |
| AU2021277732A1 (en) | 2022-05-05 |
| AU2021277732B2 (en) | 2022-12-15 |
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