CN112212845A - Two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument for vertical line - Google Patents
Two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument for vertical line Download PDFInfo
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- CN112212845A CN112212845A CN202011200566.0A CN202011200566A CN112212845A CN 112212845 A CN112212845 A CN 112212845A CN 202011200566 A CN202011200566 A CN 202011200566A CN 112212845 A CN112212845 A CN 112212845A
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- angle
- angle prism
- prism
- dimensional coordinate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/10—Plumb lines
- G01C15/105—Optical plumbing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
- G01B11/005—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates coordinate measuring machines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument of a vertical line, which comprises two groups of optical devices with the same structure, wherein each group of optical devices comprises a light source of a parallel light beam, a CCD camera and two right-angle prisms, the light source emits the parallel light beam, the parallel light beam is incident from the bevel edge of the right-angle prism at an inclined angle and is emitted from the long right-angle edge of the right-angle prism to form a widened parallel light beam, the widened emitted light beam vertically irradiates on the right-angle edge of the other right-angle prism, the width of the light beam is compressed by the bevel edge of the right-angle prism to form a narrower parallel light beam to irradiate the CCD camera, the parallel light beams expanded by the two groups of optical devices are arranged in a crossed manner to form a measuring area, the parallel light beam emitted by the light source can form a larger measuring area after being expanded, meanwhile, the expanded light beam is compressed by the other right-angle, the structure and the size of the plumb line measuring instrument are reduced, and the measuring area is enlarged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measuring equipment, in particular to a two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument for a perpendicular line.
Background
The existing plumb line coordinatograph has two structures: an imaging structure and a parallel light projection structure. The imaging structure is a double-stereo photogrammetry structure, the imaging structure adopts diffused background light illumination, two sets of linear array CCD cameras with the same structure resolve XY coordinates in an image pair mode, and the imaging structure is characterized in that a lens with smaller size and a CCD can be used for achieving a larger measurement range, and a representative product is the structural type of an instrument produced by a power transmission bureau (DRT) Graynoub technology improvement Department (DTG) of a French power company.
Referring to fig. 1, the parallel light projection structure is composed of two sets of orthogonal light sources and light receiving devices, a point light source forms a parallel light field through a collimating lens, the light field is used as a measurement area, a vertical line vertically passes through the light field, and the light is blocked to form a shadow, generally, a linear array CCD image sensor is used as a sensing element, and the displacement value of the vertical line is obtained by measuring the position of the shadow; the length of a common linear array CCD photosensitive linear array of a parallel light projection structure is 20-30mm mostly, the number of pixels is 300-5000, if the size of the pixels is taken as a sensitivity standard, the common CCD can meet the measurement range of a plumb line instrument of more than 100mm, but a light beam compression system is used at a receiving end, so that the optical path is greatly lengthened, and if the light beam compression system is not used, a plurality of CCD elements are used for splicing in the length direction, so that the circuit and the structure are complicated.
The thickness of the imaging structure is limited by the aperture of the collimating objective lens, generally larger than the aperture of the objective lens, and actually the size of the photosensitive pixel of the linear array CCD is 5 x 200 microns, so that the thickness of the light field is basically not required, and the thickness of 10mm is enough in consideration of debugging requirements. However, since the measurement range in the horizontal direction is generally 50-100mm, the aperture of the collimating mirror is correspondingly 60-120mm, resulting in the total thickness of the instrument not being lower than the value. If the thickness of the instrument is to be reduced, the collimator needs to be cut off from the upper and lower major circular arches, which results in increased processing costs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of complex structure and high manufacturing cost of the conventional perpendicular coordinatograph, the invention provides the perpendicular two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument, which simplifies the structure of the perpendicular coordinatograph and reduces the size of the measuring instrument.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument for a vertical line comprises two groups of optical devices, wherein each group of optical devices comprises a CCD camera and a light source for emitting parallel light beams;
a first right-angle prism is arranged on an irradiation path of the light source, parallel light beams are emitted from the straight edge of the first right-angle prism in a penetrating mode, a second right-angle prism is arranged on an emergent light path of the first right-angle prism, emergent light beams of the first right-angle prism are emitted from the straight edge of the second right-angle prism and are emitted from the inclined edge, and emergent light beams of the second right-angle prism are irradiated on a phase surface of the CCD camera;
the light beams between the first right-angle prism and the second right-angle prism of the two groups of optical devices are arranged in a crossed mode, and a superposed area formed by the crossed light beams forms a perpendicular measuring area.
Preferably, the included angle between the parallel light beam and the hypotenuse of the first right-angle prism is an obtuse angle, and the parallel light beam obliquely irradiates on the hypotenuse of the first right-angle prism and is used for expanding the width of the parallel light beam.
Preferably, the width of the shadow forming area irradiated by the parallel light beams on the hypotenuse of the first right-angle prism is the maximum width of the hypotenuse.
Preferably, an included angle between the outgoing beam of the second right-angle prism and the hypotenuse of the second right-angle prism is an acute angle, and the outgoing beam of the hypotenuse of the second right-angle prism obliquely irradiates on a phase surface of the CCD camera to compress the width of the outgoing beam.
Preferably, the width of the outgoing beam of the hypotenuse of the second rectangular prism is equal to the length of the image plane of the CCD camera.
Preferably, the CCD cameras and the light sources of the two sets of optical devices are distributed in a rectangular shape, and the CCD cameras and the light sources of the same set are diagonally arranged.
Preferably, the light beams between the first right-angle prism and the second right-angle prism of the two optical devices are orthogonally arranged.
Preferably, the light source includes an LED light source and a collimator lens, the collimator lens is disposed on a light path of the LED light source, and an outgoing light beam of the collimator lens irradiates on a hypotenuse of the first right-angle prism.
Preferably, a third right-angle prism is arranged on the light path of the collimating mirror and the LED light source, and the light beam of the LED light source irradiates on a straight side of the third right-angle prism, exits from the other straight side of the third right-angle prism, and enters the collimating mirror.
Preferably, the LED light source is located between two third right-angle prisms.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument for a vertical line, which comprises two groups of optical devices with the same structure, wherein each group of optical devices comprises a light source for parallel light beams, a CCD camera and two right-angle prisms, the light source emits the parallel light beams, the parallel light beams are incident from the bevel edge of the right-angle prism at an inclined angle and are emitted from the long right-angle edge of the right-angle prism to form expanded parallel light beams, the width of the parallel light beams of the light source is expanded, the expanded emergent light beams vertically irradiate the right-angle edge of the other right-angle prism, the light beam width is compressed by the bevel edge of the right-angle prism to form narrower parallel light beams which are irradiated to the CCD camera, the parallel light beams expanded by the two groups of optical devices are arranged in a crossed manner, an overlapped area formed by crossing forms a measuring area, the parallel light beams emitted by the light source can form a larger measuring, the structure and the size of the perpendicular line measuring instrument are reduced and the measuring area is enlarged under the condition that circuits and structures are not increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vertical line coordinator of a conventional parallel light projection structure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the vertical two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument of the invention.
In the figure: 1. an LED light source; 2. a third right-angle prism; 3. a collimating mirror; 4. a first right-angle prism; 5. a second right-angle prism; 6. a CCD camera.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, a two-dimensional coordinate measuring apparatus of a perpendicular line includes two sets of optical devices, each set of optical devices including a CCD camera 6 and a light source for emitting parallel light beams; the CCD cameras 6 and the light sources of the two groups of optical devices are distributed in a rectangular shape, and the CCD cameras 6 and the light sources of the same group are arranged diagonally.
A first right-angle prism 4 is arranged on an irradiation path of the light source, light beams are incident from the hypotenuse of the first right-angle prism and are emitted from the straight edge, a second right-angle prism 5 is arranged on an emergent light path of the first right-angle prism, emergent light beams of the first right-angle prism are incident from the straight edge of the second right-angle prism and are emitted from the hypotenuse, and emergent light beams of the second right-angle prism are irradiated on a phase surface of the CCD camera;
the beam overlapping area between the first right-angle prism 4 and the second right-angle prism 5 of the two sets of optical devices forms an orthogonal perpendicular measurement area.
The outgoing light beam of the light source is obliquely irradiated on the inclined edge of the first right-angle prism, so that the outgoing light beam covers the width of the inclined surface corresponding to the inclined edge to the maximum extent and is emitted out through the long straight edge of the first right-angle prism, and thus the parallel light beam of the light source can be expanded to form a widened parallel light beam, and further a larger measuring area is formed in the light beam overlapping area of the two optical devices.
The parallel light beam of the first right-angle prism is incident from the long straight edge of the second right-angle prism, the emergent light beam of the inclined edge of the second right-angle prism obliquely irradiates on the phase surface of the CCD camera, and the inclined edge of the second right-angle prism is used for compressing the width of the emergent light beam to enable the width of the emergent light beam to be matched with the length of the CCD image surface.
It should be noted that, the adjustment of the angle of the hypotenuse of the second rectangular prism needs to ensure that the width of the outgoing beam is equal to the length of the image surface of the CCD, so that the beam can adapt to the size of a single CCD element.
The light source comprises an LED light source 1 and a collimating mirror 3, wherein the collimating mirror 3 is arranged on a light path of the LED light source 1, the light speed emitted by the LED light source is arranged into parallel light beams, and the parallel light beams obliquely irradiate on the inclined edge of the first right-angle prism.
Further, in order to reduce the size of the whole measuring instrument, a third right-angle prism 2 is arranged on the light path of the collimating mirror 3 and the LED light source 1, and the light beam of the LED light source irradiates on the straight edge of the third right-angle prism, is emitted from the other straight edge of the third right-angle prism and enters the collimating mirror.
The model of the CCD camera is TCD1304, the total number of pixels is 5000, and the length of an image surface is 35 mm.
The square edges of the first right-angle prism and the second right-angle prism are 110 mm.
The dimensions of the third right-angle prism are 30 x 30 mm.
The aperture of the collimating mirror is 30mm, and the focal length is 120 mm.
The drooling device formed by the original piece has the advantages of measuring range of 100mm, volume of 420 multiplied by 365 multiplied by 70, resolution of 0.03mm and precision of 0.1 mm. The single measurement time is 20 ms.
The light emitted by the light source of the vertical two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument is arranged into narrower parallel light beams by the collimating mirror, enters from the hypotenuse of the right-angle prism at an inclined angle and exits from the long right-angle side of the right-angle prism to form widened parallel light beams, and the advancing direction of the parallel light beams exiting from the right-angle prism is perpendicular to the long right-angle side of the other right-angle prism. The light beam enters the long right-angle side of the other right-angle prism opposite to the long right-angle side through the measuring area, the light beam is emitted from the bevel side and compressed into narrow light beam parallel light, the width of the emitted light beam is matched with the length of the CCD image surface, and two sets of structures form an orthogonal measuring area. Further in order to reduce the size of the instrument, a folded light path is used, the light beam of the LED light source is refracted through a third right-angle prism, and the LED light source is arranged between two collimating mirrors. The two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument for the vertical line is suitable for the vertical deformation observation field of artificial buildings, such as mines, bridges, dams and the like.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument for a vertical line is characterized by comprising two groups of optical devices, wherein each group of optical devices comprises a CCD camera (6) and a light source for emitting parallel light beams;
a first right-angle prism (4) is arranged on an irradiation path of the light source, parallel light beams are incident from the hypotenuse of the first right-angle prism and are emitted from the straight edge, a second right-angle prism (5) is arranged on an emergent light path of the first right-angle prism, emergent light beams of the first right-angle prism are incident from the straight edge of the second right-angle prism and are emitted from the hypotenuse, and emergent light beams of the second right-angle prism are irradiated on a phase surface of the CCD camera;
light beams between the first right-angle prism (4) and the second right-angle prism (5) of the two groups of optical devices are arranged in a crossed mode, and a superposed region formed by the crossed light beams forms a perpendicular measuring region.
2. A two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument of a perpendicular line according to claim 1, wherein the parallel light beam is at an obtuse angle with respect to the hypotenuse of the first rectangular prism, and the parallel light beam obliquely irradiates the hypotenuse of the first rectangular prism to expand the width of the parallel light beam.
3. A perpendicular two-dimensional coordinate measuring machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the width of the light shadow region formed by the parallel light beams irradiated on the hypotenuse of the first rectangular prism is the maximum width of the hypotenuse.
4. A vertical two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument according to claim 3, wherein the angle between the outgoing beam from the second rectangular prism and the hypotenuse of the second rectangular prism is an acute angle, and the outgoing beam from the hypotenuse of the second rectangular prism is obliquely projected onto the phase plane of the CCD camera to compress the width of the outgoing beam.
5. A vertical two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument according to claim 4, wherein the width of the light beam emitted from the hypotenuse of the second rectangular prism is equal to the length of the image plane of the CCD camera.
6. A perpendicular two-dimensional coordinate measuring machine according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the CCD cameras (6) and light sources of the two sets of optical devices are distributed in a rectangular shape, and the CCD cameras (6) and light sources of the same set are arranged diagonally.
7. A two-dimensional coordinate measuring machine of vertical lines according to claim 1, wherein the beams between the first (4) and second (5) rectangular prisms of the two sets of optical means are orthogonally arranged.
8. A two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument of a perpendicular line according to claim 6, characterized in that the light source comprises an LED light source (1) and a collimating mirror (3), the collimating mirror (3) is arranged on the light path of the LED light source (1), and the outgoing light beam of the collimating mirror (3) is irradiated on the hypotenuse of the first right-angle prism.
9. A two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument of a perpendicular line according to claim 8, characterized in that a third rectangular prism (2) is disposed on the optical path of the collimating mirror (3) and the LED light source (1), and the light beam of the LED light source is irradiated on the straight side of the third rectangular prism, emitted from the other straight side of the third rectangular prism, and incident on the collimating mirror.
10. A vertical two-dimensional coordinate measuring machine according to claim 9, wherein the LED light source (1) is located between two third rectangular prisms.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011200566.0A CN112212845A (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument for vertical line |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011200566.0A CN112212845A (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument for vertical line |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112212845A true CN112212845A (en) | 2021-01-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202011200566.0A Pending CN112212845A (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument for vertical line |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115077507A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-20 | 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院 | Perpendicular line coordinatograph based on linear array CCD |
-
2020
- 2020-10-29 CN CN202011200566.0A patent/CN112212845A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115077507A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-20 | 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院 | Perpendicular line coordinatograph based on linear array CCD |
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