CN112211963A

CN112211963A - Mechanical speed changing device

Info

Publication number: CN112211963A
Application number: CN202010944020.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐涛; 徐春义
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-09-04
Filing date: 2020-09-04
Publication date: 2021-01-12

Abstract

The invention relates to a mechanical speed changing device, belonging to the technical field of mechanical speed changing equipment; comprises a speed change system, a driving gear system and a driven gear system; the motor of the speed change system utilizes the principle that a screw rod rotates to drive a sliding block to slide, so that a jacking ball on the sliding block pushes a gear pin out of a driving shaft according to the operation requirement and is meshed with the internal teeth of the driving gear to generate power transmission; the driving gear system is arranged on the driving shaft by using bearings according to layers, and the driving gear of each layer correspondingly engages with a driven gear according to design requirements to generate a speed change gear; each driven gear is arranged on the driven shaft by a one-way bearing, wherein the one-way bearing of the gear of the forward gear applies work to the forward direction, and the one-way bearing of the gear of the reverse gear applies work to the backward direction; the invention has the advantages of small volume, light weight, more gears, high strength, simple operation, fuel saving, good stability, low failure rate, low manufacturing and using cost and the like.

Description

Mechanical speed changing device

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to a mechanical speed changing device, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical speed changing equipment.

Background art:

the speed change device is widely applied to machinery, and is particularly indispensable to fuel automobiles; the existing mechanical speed changing devices are divided into the following five types: manual speed change, automatic speed change, manual-automatic integrated speed change, stepless speed change and double-clutch speed change; they have advantages and disadvantages, and for the disadvantage, the manual speed change operation is complicated; the manual-automatic integrated speed change has high use and maintenance cost; the acceleration feeling of the stepless speed change is poor, and the torque is small; the double-clutch speed change has poor stability, high manufacturing cost, large volume and heavy self weight; in the conventional speed change system, the above-mentioned disadvantages are difficult to overcome by adopting a method of gear sliding or size change of a steel pulley, and a more excellent mechanical speed change device can be made only by adopting a new speed change system, so that the applicant has made long-term research.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention discloses a mechanical speed changing device, which is characterized in that: comprises a speed change system, a driving gear system and a driven gear system; the speed change system is arranged in a hollow part of a driving shaft of the driving gear system, and under the instruction of the information processing module, when the motor drives the screw rod to rotate left and right, the slide block assembly on the screw rod moves up and down correspondingly, the jacking force ball of the slide block assembly jacks the gear pin, the gear pin extends out of a gear pin port to be meshed with the inner teeth of the driving gear, at the moment, the driving shaft rotates to drive the driving gear to rotate, the driving gear drives the driven gear to rotate, and the driven gear drives the driven shaft to rotate; when the jacking force ball leaves the gear pin, the gear pin is separated from the inner teeth of the driving gear under the action of the spring and returns to the gear pin opening, and then the connection between the driving shaft and the driving gear is disconnected; the driving shaft of the driving gear system and the driven shaft of the driven gear system are arranged on the shell of the gear box through bearings and are sealed in the gear box.

The speed change system comprises a slideway rod, a screw rod, a sliding block assembly and a power and operation mechanism; the method is characterized in that: the slide way rod is a hollow pipe, one end of the slide way rod is provided with a bearing column, four slide ways are uniformly arranged on the pipe wall, the other end of the slide way rod is provided with a gap, the slide block assembly is inserted from the gap, the length of each slide way corresponds to the full coverage of the corresponding tooth pin hole, the slide block assembly can reach a specified gear, and the slide way plug-in unit can freely slide and is not loosened in the width; one end of the slideway rod is provided with a third bearing column, the third bearing column extends into the hollow of the driving shaft after being sleeved into the fifth bearing and downwards extends until the fifth bearing is arranged in the third bearing seat, the other end of the slideway rod penetrates through a through hole of the slideway rod on the shell to tightly cover the end socket of the slideway rod, the shape of the slideway rod can be fixed by the structure of the end socket, a vertical strip of the end socket is inserted into the slideway, and the head of the slideway rod is buckled by the brim of a hat so that the slideway rod cannot deform; and the seal head is fastened on a screw hole five on the slide way rod fixing plate by using a screw, and the seal head can be reinforced by welding if the situation needs.

The screw rod is a straight rod with threads of sufficient length, bearing columns are arranged at two ends of the screw rod, and a screw rod threaded hole of the sliding block assembly is screwed into the screw rod and can rotate left and right along with the screw rod to slide up and down; a bearing column IV at one end of the screw rod is sleeved with a conical bearing I, after a head of the slide rail rod is pulled out, the screw rod extends into the bottom of the slide rail rod from a slide rail rod port, the conical bearing I enters a conical bearing seat I, the other end of the screw rod is higher than the head, a head cap is screwed off, the head of the slide rail rod is sleeved with the screw rod and is installed on a fixed plate, the conical bearing is sleeved on a screw rod bearing column V, a conical bearing II can enter the head cap, and the head cap is screwed tightly on a head screw port; at the moment, the screw rod can freely and smoothly rotate in the slideway rod and cannot be loosened, and the thick ends of the screw rod are opposite when the conical bearings at the two ends of the screw rod are installed; the dual-purpose key of the bevel gear is arranged on the screw rod head, and the screw rod head and the inner ring of the bevel gear are both provided with key grooves.

The sliding block assembly comprises a sliding block, a conical bearing III, a sliding block screw cap and a jacking ball; the slide block is a hollow cylinder, the center of the slide block is provided with a screw rod threaded hole, the periphery of the screw rod threaded hole is uniformly distributed with a plurality of slide way plug-ins which are adaptive to the number and the specification of the slide ways, the inner ring and the outer ring of the slide block are connected into a whole by the slide way plug-ins, the slide way plug-ins can be smoothly inserted into the slide ways of the slide way rod, and the slide way plug-ins can smoothly slide in; a bearing table is arranged at one end of the sliding block, a conical bearing III is arranged on the sliding block and is abutted against the position of the bearing table, a jacking ball is sleeved in the sliding block, the conical bearing III enters a bearing seat, a conical bearing IV is arranged in the bearing seat II, and a sliding block screw cap is screwed on a sliding block screw, so that the jacking ball can not shake and can smoothly rotate; the thin ends are opposite when the two conical bearings are installed, the pressure caused by the movement of the sliding block is borne respectively, the jacking ball is made of wear-resistant tough material, and in order to prevent faults, the sliding block nut can be welded and fixed when the situation is needed.

The power and operation system comprises a motor, a transmission, an information processing module and a battery box; the motor fixes the fixed angle III on the inner wall of the shell by using a screw, the output shaft of the motor extends through the clamping wall of the shell, the bevel gear I is fixed in the key groove II by using a key, and a bearing is added in a hole of the clamping wall; the meshing degree of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear is suitable for requirements; the speed changer is arranged on the inner wall of the shell through a screw for a speed changer by a fixing angle II, the rotating rod of the speed changer passes through the shell, and the speed change knob is fixed on the flat head of the rotating rod through the screw hole by the screw; the knob can rotate to select a plurality of speed change gears, and the information processing module commands the motor to rotate to drive the screw rod to rotate according to the selection of the knob, so that the slide block assembly moves to an appointed tooth pin, and the jacking ball jacks out the tooth pin; after the gear pin head is meshed with the inner teeth of the driving gear, the motor stops rotating and keeps in a stationary state until the next selection instruction is issued; a rechargeable battery pack is arranged in the battery box and can be charged through a charging port to supply power to the motor, the speed changer and the information processing module; the battery box door is provided with a rotary lock, and the battery box is fixed on the inner wall of the shell through a fixing angle by a screw.

The driving gear system is as follows: comprises a driving shaft, a gear pin sleeve, a driving gear and a gear pin; the method is characterized in that: the driving shaft is a hollow pipe, two ends of the driving shaft are both installed on the shell by using bearings, the first bearing and the second bearing are respectively sleeved on the first bearing column and the second bearing column, the first bearing is installed on the first bearing seat, the second bearing seat on the shell plate is aligned with the second bearing and pressed down, and the second bearing is installed on the second bearing seat; the driving shaft is provided with circular tooth pin holes at equal intervals, the tooth pin sleeve is provided with a tooth pin port corresponding to the tooth pin holes, the tooth pin head can stretch out and draw back in the tooth pin port, and the tooth pin sleeve can press the spring; in order to facilitate installation, the gear pin sleeve is designed into two semicircles, a welding seam is reserved between the semicircles, and the gear pin sleeve is fixed on the driving shaft by a welding method.

The driving gear is designed into a plurality of gears from small to large according to requirements, each gear corresponds to a gear, each gear is provided with internal teeth and also provided with external teeth, the external teeth are in butt joint with the driven gear, the internal teeth are in butt joint with the gear pin head, a bearing seat is respectively arranged on two planes of the gear around the center, a bearing is respectively arranged, the gears provided with the bearings are arranged on the gear pin sleeve on the driving shaft according to the designed distance, the internal teeth are aligned to the gear pin port, each gear is abutted against the inner ring of the bearing through a sleeve gasket, and the interval between the gears is kept stable and unchanged.

The gear pin is made of tough and wear-resistant materials, is an integrated piece and comprises a pressure head, a spring top disc, a gear pin body, a gear pin head and a pressure head steel ball; the length of the tooth pin should not protrude out of the tooth pin opening, should not be shorter than the tooth pin opening, should be flush with the tooth pin opening, and longer than the tooth pin opening can be toothed with the internal teeth of the gear, and if the length is shorter, the stroke is not enough, and the tooth pin should be capable of sliding smoothly in the tooth pin opening and not loose; the installation method of the gear pin comprises the following steps: sleeving a spring into a gear pin, extending a pressure head into a gear pin hole, enabling a spring top disc to lean against an inner opening, extending the pressure head out of the inner opening of the gear pin hole, aligning a gear pin opening on a gear pin sleeve with the gear pin hole, sleeving the gear pin head, pressing the spring, welding the gear pin sleeve on a driving shaft after fixing, and polishing smoothly after welding to facilitate the installation of the driving gear; the steel balls of the pressure head can rotate.

The driven gear system comprises a driven shaft, a driven gear and a change gear; the method is characterized in that: the driven shaft is a solid rod, bearing platforms are arranged at two ends of the driven shaft and used for abutting against the inner rings of the bearings, a key groove III is formed in the driven shaft, a bearing six is sleeved into a bearing column and abutted against the bearing platforms, the driven shaft penetrates through an inner hole of a bearing seat five in the shell and is fixed in the bearing seat five, a bearing seven is sleeved into the bearing column six at the other end of the driven shaft, the inner ring abuts against the bearing platforms, the inner hole of the bearing seat in the shell plate is aligned with the bearing column six and is pressed down, the bearing seven is fixed in the bearing seat six, and at the moment, the driven shaft.

The number of the driven gears is the same as that of the driving gears, and each driven gear and the corresponding driving gear are designed into a corresponding gear ratio according to gear requirements; driven gears are installed according to the gear sequence in different sizes, each driven gear is installed on a driven shaft through a one-way bearing and is reinforced in a key groove III through a key, the one-way bearing does work in the forward direction in the forward gear, the one-way bearing in the reverse gear does work in the backward direction, and a sleeve gasket with a proper specification is abutted against the inner ring of the bearing between every two gears so as to keep the positions of the gears unchanged.

The reversing gear is installed between the reversing gear and the corresponding driving gear, the bearing nine is installed on the fixing shaft, the bearing nine is fixed in the reversing gear, the sleeve gasket I is installed at one end of the fixing shaft and penetrates through the shell, the nut is screwed up, the sleeve gasket II is installed at the other end of the fixing shaft, the hole in the reversing gear support is aligned with the fixing shaft and pressed into the hole, the nut is screwed up, the other end of the reversing gear support is fixed on the right-angle surface of the shell through the screw, and the reversing gear support can be welded and reinforced when necessary.

After the parts are installed, the shell is completely closed; the lubrication of the mechanical speed changing device can be lubricated by lubricating grease if used on low-speed equipment, and can be lubricated by lubricating oil if used on high-speed equipment, and the sealing condition of a gearbox can be improved. When used in high speed equipment, the specifications and mounting methods of all components should be improved to meet the high speed requirements.

When the speed change knob is adjusted to a neutral position, the jacking ball on the sliding block assembly is not contacted with any gear pin, at the moment, when the driving shaft rotates, the driving gear and the driven gear do not rotate, when the speed change knob is adjusted to a first gear, the jacking ball presses the gear pin pressure head of the first gear, the gear pin head extends out of the gear pin opening and is meshed with the internal teeth of the driving gear of the first gear, at the moment, the driving shaft rotates to drive the driving gear, the driven gear and the driven shaft to rotate, function transmission is completed, and the conversion of other gears is the same as that of.

The fuel oil vehicle gear shifting must use the clutch, the manpower vehicle and electric locomotive do not need the clutch, can shift gears directly after the power input stops, the electric motor and information processing module of the speed change structure, not only have accuracy and rapidity, but also have sensitive multiple repeated gear-shifting function, namely if the gear-shifting is blocked once, carry on the second gear-shifting action immediately, until the gear-shifting is successful; the gear pin head and the inner teeth of the driving gear are made into a round tip shape which is easy to be meshed, so that the condition of head resistance is avoided, and the gear shifting and the speed changing can be smoothly carried out.

The prior art mounting methods are omitted to some extent from the statements herein.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the gear shifting mode of the existing speed changing device, such as gear sliding and steel belt wheel size change, is cancelled, and a large number of parts and spaces are saved, so that the non-motor vehicle is small in size, light in weight and applicable.

2. The gears are multiple, and the adaptability is strong.

3. The strength is high, and the bearing capacity is high.

4. The operation is simple, and the fuel is saved.

5. Good stability and good acceleration feeling.

6. The failure rate is low, and the manufacturing and using cost is low.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a mechanical transmission

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a power shaft structure and installation

FIG. 3 shows a pin sleeve structure and installation

FIG. 4 shows the structure and installation of the driving gear

FIG. 5 shows a pin structure and installation

FIG. 6 shows a slide rod structure and installation

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a lead screw structure and installation

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a slider assembly structure and installation

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a transmission system installation level

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the power and operating mechanism installation

FIG. 11 shows a driven gear system with a schematic view of the structure and installation

Reference numerals:

1. the driving shaft 2, the driving gear system 3, the shell 4, the speed change system 5, the screw rod 6, the bevel gear set 7, the motor 8, the speed change knob 9, the transmission 10, the information processing module 11, the battery box 12, the driven shaft 13, the driven gear system 14, the bearing block I15, the slideway rod fixing plate 16, the bearing I17, the driving gear 18, the internal teeth 19, the tooth pin hole 20, the tooth pin hole 21, the tooth pin sleeve 22, the seal head screw hole 23, the bevel gear II 24, the spring 25, the tooth pin head 26, the tooth pin body 27, the spring top disk 28, the pressure head 29, the tooth pin 30, the bearing column I31, the bearing column II 32, the slideway 33, the slideway rod 34, the cone bearing I35, the cone bearing seat I36, the driven gear 37, the seal head cap 38, the bevel gear I39, the slideway rod seal head 41, the slider 42, the jacking ball 43, the slider nut 44 45. slide block screw 46, slide way plug-in 47, bearing stand 48, charging port 49, bearing column three 50, bearing column four 51, flat head 52, rotating rod 53, fixed angle one 54, rotating lock 55, screw hole one 56, motor output shaft 57, one-way bearing 58, change gear 59, change gear support 60, steel ball 61, weld joint 62, slide way rod through hole 63, slide block assembly 64, screw cap 65, fixed shaft 67, sleeve pad one 68, bearing two 69, bearing three 70, bearing four 71, bearing five 72, bearing seat five 73, bearing seat two 74, bearing seat three 75, bearing stand four 76, bearing column five 77, bearing seat six 78, cone bearing two 79, cone bearing three 80, cone bearing four 81, cone bearing seat two 82, key groove two 83, key groove three 84, fixed angle two 85, fixed angle three 86, screw hole two 87, screw hole three 88, screw hole four 89, five screw hole 90. Bearing six 91, bearing seven 92, bearing eight 93, bearing nine 94, bearing column six 95, reversing gear 96 and sleeve gasket two

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, the examples of which are set forth to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The invention discloses a mechanical speed changing device, which is characterized in that: comprises a speed change system 4, a driving gear system 2 and a driven gear system 13 (see figure 1); the speed change system 4 is arranged in the hollow of the driving shaft 1 of the driving gear system 2, under the instruction of the information processor module 10, when the motor 7 drives the screw rod 5 to rotate left and right, the slide block assembly 63 on the screw rod 5 correspondingly moves up and down, the jacking ball 42 of the slide block assembly 63 props against the gear pin 29, the gear pin 29 extends out of the gear pin opening 20 to be meshed with the internal teeth 18 of the driving gear, at the moment, the driving shaft 1 rotates to drive the driving gear 17 to rotate, the driving gear 17 drives the driven gear 36 to rotate, and the driven gear 36 drives the driven shaft 12 to rotate; when the jacking force ball 42 leaves the gear pin 29, the gear pin 29 is separated from the internal teeth 18 of the driving gear under the action of the spring 24 and retreats into the gear pin opening 20, and then the connection between the driving shaft 1 and the driving gear 17 is disconnected; the driving shaft 1 of the driving gear system 2 and the driven shaft 12 of the driven gear system 13 are mounted on the gearbox housing 3 by bearings and are enclosed in the gearbox.

The speed change system comprises a slideway rod 33, a screw rod 5, a sliding block assembly 63 and a power and operation mechanism (see fig. 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10); the method is characterized in that: the slide way rod 33 is a hollow pipe, four slide ways 32 are uniformly arranged on the pipe wall, the slide ways 32 are opened at the other end of the slide way rod 33, and the slide block assembly 63 is inserted from the slide way rod; the length of the slide way 32 is corresponding to the full coverage of the tooth pin hole 19, so that the slide block assembly 63 can reach a specified gear, and the width is corresponding to the slide way plug-in 46 which can slide freely and is not loose; a third bearing column 49 is arranged at one end of the slideway rod 33, the third bearing column 49 is sleeved in a fifth bearing 71 and then extends into the hollow part of the driving shaft 1, and the third bearing column is downward until the fifth bearing 71 is placed in a third bearing seat 74, the other end of the slideway rod 33 passes through a slideway rod through hole 62 on the shell 3 and covers the slideway rod seal head 40 tightly, the structure of the seal head 40 can fix the shape of the slideway rod 33, a vertical strip of the seal head is inserted into the slideway 32, and a brim buckles the head of the slideway rod 33, so that the slideway rod 33 cannot deform; the seal head 40 is screwed to the five threaded holes 89 in the fixed plate 15, and if necessary, may be welded for reinforcement.

The screw rod 5 is a straight rod with enough length threads, and bearing columns for mounting bearings are arranged at two ends of the screw rod 5; after the screw rod threaded hole 44 of the sliding block assembly 63 is screwed into the screw rod 5, the sliding block assembly can slide up and down along with the left and right rotation of the screw rod 5; a fourth bearing column 50 at one end of the screw rod 5 is sleeved with a first conical bearing 34, after the end socket 40 of the slide rod is pulled out, the screw rod 5 extends into the bottom of the slide rod 33 from the opening of the slide rod 33, the first conical bearing 34 enters a first conical bearing seat 35, the other end of the screw rod 5 is higher than the end socket 40, the end socket cap 37 is screwed off, the end socket 40 of the slide rod is sleeved with the screw rod 5 and is installed on the fixing plate 15, a second conical bearing 78 is sleeved on a fifth screw rod bearing column 76, the second conical bearing 78 can enter the end socket cap 37 and is propped against the end socket cap 37, and the end socket cap 37 is screwed on the end socket screw opening 22; at this time, the screw rod 5 can freely and smoothly rotate in the slideway rod 33, and can not loosen, when the conical bearings at the two ends of the screw rod 5 are installed, the thick heads are opposite, the second bevel gear 23 is installed on the head of the screw rod 5 by using keys, and the screw rod head and the inner ring of the bevel gear are both provided with key grooves.

The sliding block assembly 63 comprises a sliding block 41, a conical bearing III 79, a sliding block nut 43 and a jacking ball 42; the sliding block 41 is a hollow cylinder, a screw rod threaded hole 44 is formed in the center of the sliding block, four slide way plug-in units 46 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the screw rod threaded hole 44, the inner ring and the outer ring of the sliding block 41 are connected into a whole through the four slide way plug-in units 46, the four slide way plug-in units 46 can be smoothly inserted into the four slide ways 32 of the slide way rod 33, and the sliding block can smoothly slide in the slide ways 32 without looseness; one end of the sliding block 41 is provided with a bearing table 47, a third conical bearing 79 is arranged on the sliding block 41 and is abutted against the position of the bearing table 47, a jacking ball 42 is sleeved into the sliding block 41, the third conical bearing 79 enters a bearing seat, a fourth conical bearing 80 is arranged in a second bearing seat 81, and a sliding block screw cap 43 is screwed on a sliding block screw 45, so that the jacking ball 42 can not shake and can smoothly rotate; the two taper bearings have opposite thin ends and bear the pressure caused by the movement of the sliding block 41 respectively, the jacking ball 42 is made of wear-resistant tough material, and the sliding block screw cap 43 can be welded and fixed when the situation needs to prevent failure.

The power and operation system comprises a motor 7, a transmission 9, an information processing module 10 and a battery box 11; the motor 7 fixes the fixed angle III 85 on the inner wall of the shell 3 by using a screw, an output shaft 56 of the motor 7 extends through the clamping wall of the shell 3, the bevel gear I38 is fixed in the key groove II 82 by using a key, and a bearing is arranged in a hole of the clamping wall; the meshing degree of the first bevel gear 38 and the second bevel gear 23 is suitable for requirements; the speed changer 9 is arranged on the inner wall of the shell 3 through a second fixed angle 84 by screws, the speed changer rotary rod 52 penetrates through the shell 3, and the speed change knob 8 is fixed on the flat head 51 of the rotary rod through a first screw hole 55 by screws; the knob 8 can rotate to select a plurality of speed change gears, and the information processing module 10 commands the motor 7 to rotate to drive the screw rod 5 to rotate according to the selection of the knob 8, so that the slide block assembly 63 moves to a specified toothed pin 29, and the jacking ball 42 jacks out the toothed pin 29; after the gear pin head 25 is meshed with the internal teeth 18 of the driving gear, the motor 7 stops rotating and keeps in a stationary state until the next selection instruction is issued; the battery box 11 is internally provided with a rechargeable battery pack which can be charged through a charging port 48 to supply power to the motor 7, the transmission 9 and the information processing module 10; the battery compartment 11 has a screw lock 54 at the door thereof for fixing the battery compartment 11 to the inner wall of the casing 3 by screws through the fixing angle 53.

The driving gear system is as follows: comprises a driving shaft 1, a gear pin sleeve 21, a driving gear 17 and a gear pin 29 (see figures 2, 3, 4 and 5); the method is characterized in that: the driving shaft 1 is a hollow pipe, both ends of the driving shaft 1 are installed on the shell 3 by using bearings, a first bearing 16 and a second bearing 68 are respectively sleeved on a first bearing column 30 and a second bearing column 31, the first bearing 16 is installed on a first bearing seat 14, a second bearing seat 73 on a shell plate is aligned with the second bearing 68 and pressed down, the second bearing 68 is installed on the second bearing seat 73, and circular pin holes 19 with equal distance are formed in the driving shaft 1; the gear pin sleeve 21 is provided with a gear pin opening 20 corresponding to the gear pin hole 19, a gear pin head 25 can extend and retract in the gear pin opening 20, and the gear pin sleeve 21 can press the spring 24; for convenient installation, the gear pin sleeve 21 is designed into two semicircles, a welding seam 61 is left between the semicircles, and the gear pin sleeve 21 is fixed on the driving shaft 1 by a welding method.

The driving gear 17 is designed with a plurality of gears from small to large according to requirements, each gear corresponds to a gear, each gear is provided with internal teeth 18 and external teeth, the external teeth are butted with the driven gear 36, the internal teeth 18 are butted with the gear pin head 25, bearing seats are respectively arranged on two planes of the gear around the center, a bearing is respectively arranged, the gears provided with the bearings are arranged on the gear pin sleeve 21 of the driving shaft 1 according to the designed distance, the internal teeth 18 are aligned with the gear pin opening 20, each gear is propped against the inner ring of the bearing by using a sleeve gasket, and the interval between the gears is kept stable and unchanged.

The tooth pin 29 is made of tough and wear-resistant materials, and the tooth pin 29 is an integrated piece and comprises a pressure head 28, a spring top disc 27, a tooth pin body 26, a tooth pin head 25 and a pressure head steel ball 60; the length of the gear pin 29 should not protrude out of the gear pin opening 20, should not be shorter than the gear pin opening 20, should be flush with the gear pin opening 20, and longer than the gear pin opening 20 will be geared with the internal teeth 18 of the gear, if short, the stroke is insufficient, and the gear pin 29 should be able to slide smoothly in the gear pin opening 20 and not loosen; the method of mounting the tooth pin 29 is: sleeving a spring 24 into a gear pin 29, extending a pressure head 28 into a gear pin hole 19, enabling a spring top disc 27 to lean against an inner opening, extending the pressure head out of the inner opening of the gear pin hole 19, aligning a gear pin opening 20 on a gear pin sleeve 21 with the gear pin hole 19, sleeving a gear pin head 25, pressing the spring 24, welding the gear pin sleeve 21 on a welding seam 61 on a driving shaft 1 after fixing, polishing smoothly after welding, and facilitating installation of the driving gear 17; the pressure head steel balls 60 can rotate.

The driven gear system comprises a driven shaft 12, a driven gear 36 and a change gear 58 (see figure 11); the method is characterized in that: the driven shaft 12 is a solid rod, bearing platforms are arranged at two ends of the driven shaft and used for abutting against bearing inner rings, a key groove III 83 is formed in the driven shaft 12, a bearing six 90 is sleeved into a bearing column and abutted against the bearing platforms, the driven shaft 12 penetrates through an inner hole of a bearing seat five 72 on the shell, the bearing six 90 is fixed in the bearing seat five 72, a bearing seven 91 is sleeved into a bearing column six 94 at the other end of the driven shaft 12, the inner rings abut against the bearing platforms, a bearing seat inner hole on the shell 3 plate is aligned with the bearing column six 94 and pressed down, the bearing seven 91 is fixed in the bearing seat six 77, and the driven shaft 12 can freely rotate through the bearings.

The number of the driven gears 36 is the same as that of the driving gears 17, and each driven gear 36 and the corresponding driving gear 17 are designed to have a corresponding gear ratio according to gear requirements; the driven gears 36 are installed according to the gear sequence in different sizes, each driven gear 36 is installed on the driven shaft 12 through a one-way bearing 57 and is reinforced in a key groove III 83 through a key, the one-way bearing 57 does work in the forward direction in the forward gear, the one-way bearing 57 does work in the backward direction in the reverse gear, and a sleeve gasket with proper specification is abutted against the inner ring of the bearing between every two gears to keep the positions of the gears unchanged.

The change gear 58 is arranged between the reversing gear 95 and the corresponding driving gear 17, the bearing nine 93 is arranged on the fixing shaft 65, the bearing nine 93 is fixed in the change gear 58, one end of the fixing shaft 65 is provided with the sleeve gasket I67 which penetrates through the shell 3, the nut 64 is screwed, the other end of the fixing shaft 65 is provided with the sleeve gasket II 96, the hole in the change gear support 59 is aligned with the fixing shaft 65 and pressed in, the nut 64 is screwed, the other end of the change gear support 59 is fixed on the right-angle surface of the shell 3 through a screw, and in order to prevent faults, the change gear support 59 can be welded and reinforced as necessary.

After the parts are mounted, the housing 3 should be completely closed; the lubrication of the mechanical speed changing device can be lubricated by lubricating grease if used on low-speed equipment, and can be lubricated by lubricating oil if used on high-speed equipment, and the sealing condition of a gearbox can be improved. When used in high speed equipment, the specifications and mounting methods of all components should be improved to meet the high speed requirements.

When the speed change knob 8 is adjusted to a neutral position, the jacking ball 42 on the sliding block assembly 63 is not contacted with any gear pin 29, at the moment, when the driving shaft 1 rotates, the driving gear 17 and the driven gear 36 do not rotate, when the first gear is adjusted, the jacking ball 42 presses the gear pin pressure head 28 of the first gear, the gear pin head 25 extends out of the gear pin port 20 and is meshed with the internal gear 18 of the driving gear of the first gear, at the moment, the driving shaft 1 rotates to drive the driving gear 17, the driven gear 36 and the driven shaft 12 to rotate, the function transmission is completed, and the jacking ball 42 also rotates along with the whole process of the function transmission; the other gear shifts are the same.

The fuel oil vehicle gear shifting must use the clutch, the manpower vehicle and electric locomotive do not need the clutch, can shift gears directly after the power input stops, the electric motor 7 and information processing module 10 of the speed change structure, not only have accuracy and rapidity, but also have sensitive multiple repeated gear-shifting function, namely if one gear-shifting is obstructed, carry on the second gear-shifting action immediately, until the gear-shifting is successful; the gear pin head 25 and the internal teeth 18 of the driving gear are made into a round tip shape which is easy to be meshed, so that the condition of head resistance is avoided, and the gear shifting can be smoothly carried out.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanical transmission characterized by: comprises a speed change system, a driving gear system and a driven gear system; the speed change system is arranged in a driving shaft hollow of the driving gear system; the driving shaft of the driving gear system and the driven shaft of the driven gear system are both arranged on a shell of the gearbox by bearings and are enclosed in the gearbox.

2. The transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: comprises a slideway rod, a screw rod, a sliding block assembly and a power and operation mechanism; the slide way rod is a hollow pipe, one end of the slide way rod is provided with a bearing column, a plurality of slide ways are uniformly arranged on the pipe wall, the other end of the slide way rod is provided with a gap, the slide block assembly is inserted from the gap, the length of each slide way enables the slide block assembly to reach all gears, and the width of each slide way is based on that the slide way plug-in piece can smoothly slide in the slide way without looseness; one end of the slide way rod is sleeved in the bearing and extends into the hollow part of the driving shaft, the bearing is arranged in the bearing seat, the other end of the slide way rod passes through the through hole on the shell and then covers the seal head of the slide way rod tightly, the vertical bar on the seal head is inserted into the slide way, the seal head is fastened on the fixing plate by screws, and the seal head can also be welded and reinforced.

3. The screw as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the screw rod is a straight rod with enough length threads, and bearing columns for mounting bearings are arranged at two ends of the screw rod; screwing the sliding block assembly into the screw rod, sleeving one end of the screw rod with a conical bearing, pulling off the slide way rod end socket, extending the screw rod into the bottom from the slide way rod opening, and installing the conical bearing in the bearing seat; the other end of the screw rod is higher than the end socket, the end socket cap is screwed off, the end socket of the slideway rod is sleeved in the screw rod and is arranged on the fixed plate, the other conical bearing is sleeved in the bearing column and enters the end socket cap, and the end socket cap is screwed on the end socket screw hole; the thick ends of the conical bearings at the two ends of the screw rod are opposite, and the tightness is controlled to be free to rotate and not loose; the bevel gear is mounted on the screw rod head by a key.

4. The slider assembly of claim 2, wherein: comprises a slide block, a conical bearing, a slide block nut and a jacking ball; the slide block is a hollow cylinder, the center of the slide block is provided with a screw rod threaded hole, slide way plug-ins which are matched with the number and the specification of the slide ways are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the screw rod threaded hole, the slide way plug-ins can be inserted into the slide ways, and the inner circle and the outer circle of the slide block are connected into a whole by the slide way plug-ins; one end of the sliding block is provided with a bearing table, an upper conical bearing is arranged to abut against the bearing table, and the jacking ball is sleeved in the sliding block to retract the conical bearing into a bearing seat at one end of the jacking ball; installing the other conical bearing into the other bearing seat on the jacking ball, and screwing a screw cap of the sliding block on a screw of the sliding block; the two taper bearing thin ends are oppositely arranged, the jacking ball is made of tough and wear-resistant materials, and the sliding block screw cap can be reinforced by welding.

5. The power and operating mechanism of claim 2, wherein: the device comprises a motor, a speed changer, an information processing module and a battery box; the motor is fixed on the inner wall of the shell by screws, the output shaft extends through the clamping wall of the shell, and the bevel gear is installed; adding a bearing in the wall clamping hole; the speed changer is arranged on the inner wall of the shell by screws, the rotary rod penetrates through the shell, and the screw fixes the knob on the flat head; the battery box is internally provided with a rechargeable battery pack which can be charged through a charging port, the door of the battery box is provided with a rotary lock, and the battery box is fixed on the inner wall of the shell by screws.

6. The drive gear system of claim 1, wherein: comprises a driving shaft, a gear pin sleeve, a driving gear and a gear pin; the driving shaft is a hollow pipe, and two ends of the driving shaft are arranged in bearing seats on the shell by bearings; the driving shaft is provided with circular gear pin holes at equal intervals; the gear pin sleeve is provided with a gear pin hole corresponding to the gear pin hole; the tooth pin head can stretch out and draw back in the tooth pin opening; the spring is pressed by the gear pin sleeve, the gear pin port is aligned with the gear pin hole, the gear pin head is sleeved in the gear pin port, and after the gear pin head is pressed, the two semicircular gear pin sleeves are welded on the driving shaft; the welding seam should be polished smoothly, which is beneficial to the installation of the driving gear; the driving gear is provided with a plurality of gears from small to large according to requirements, each gear corresponds to one gear, each driving gear is provided with internal teeth and external teeth, the external teeth are butted with the driven gear, and the internal teeth are butted with the gear pin head; on two planes of the driving gear, a bearing seat is arranged around the center of each of the two planes, and a bearing is respectively arranged on each bearing seat; the driving gears are arranged on the gear pin sleeve, the internal teeth are aligned with the gear pin opening, and each driving gear is propped against the inner ring of the bearing by using a sleeve gasket; the tooth pin is made of tough and wear-resistant materials and is installed in the tooth pin hole, the length of the tooth pin hole is equal to the outer edge of the tooth pin opening, and the steel ball of the pressure head can rotate.

7. A driven gear system according to claim 1, wherein: comprises a driven shaft, a driven gear and a change gear; the driven shaft is a solid rod, bearing platforms are arranged at two ends of the driven shaft, and a key groove is formed in the shaft body; two bearings are respectively abutted against the bearing table, two end parts of the driven shaft respectively extend out of the shell, and the bearings are respectively arranged in the bearing seats; the number of the driven gears is the same as that of the driving gears, and the gear ratio of corresponding gears is designed according to requirements; the driven gear is installed according to a gear sequence; the one-way bearing is arranged in the driven gear, and then the driven gear is arranged on the driven shaft and is fixed by a key; the one-way bearing of the forward gear applies work to the forward direction, and the one-way bearing of the reverse gear applies work to the backward direction; the one-way bearings are abutted against the inner ring by sleeve gaskets, and the position is kept unchanged.

8. The change gear of claim 7, wherein: comprises a change gear, a fixed shaft and a fixed shaft bracket; the direction changing gear is arranged between the reversing gear of the driven gear and the corresponding driving gear; the bearing is installed in the direction-changing gear, the fixed shaft is installed in the bearing, one end of the fixed shaft is fixed on the shell, the other end of the fixed shaft is fixed on the fixed shaft support, and the other end of the fixed shaft support is fixed on the shell and can be welded and reinforced.