CN112211736B - 一种高压共轨喷油器喷孔处燃油生热计算方法 - Google Patents

一种高压共轨喷油器喷孔处燃油生热计算方法 Download PDF

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CN112211736B
CN112211736B CN202011095624.8A CN202011095624A CN112211736B CN 112211736 B CN112211736 B CN 112211736B CN 202011095624 A CN202011095624 A CN 202011095624A CN 112211736 B CN112211736 B CN 112211736B
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赵建辉
卢相东
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1486Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor with correction for particular operating conditions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F02D2041/1412Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a predictive controller

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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供一种高压共轨喷油器喷孔处燃油生热计算方法,包括如下步骤:在没有外部功时,在节流孔前后燃油滞止焓守恒,定义喷嘴孔上游和下游目标燃油的位置与孔口距离,对温度和压力进行双求导,对燃油比焓的导数进行从喷嘴孔上游燃油压力到下游燃油压力的积分,得到喷孔上下游压差引起的燃油稳态温升,在考虑到喷射脉宽基础上定义新的系数,建立不同喷射脉宽下喷油器工作时喷嘴孔处燃油的稳态温升试验数据库,提取试验数据库的数据进行拟合,预测在不同喷射脉宽和喷射压差下燃油生热值。本发明解决无法实现喷孔内温升的预测技术问题。提供的计算方法可以和共轨喷油器喷射特性模型进行实时耦合,实现更为准确的循环喷油量精确预测。

Description

一种高压共轨喷油器喷孔处燃油生热计算方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种高压共轨计算方法,具体地说是高压共轨燃油生热计算方法。
背景技术
随着环境污染和化石资源枯竭,更高的热效率成为柴油机行业追求的目标。高压共轨燃油喷射系统由于可以实现喷射特性不取决于发动机工况而成为现代化柴油机燃油系统不可或缺的重要系统。共轨喷油器是高压共轨系统的重要部件之一,在对喷油器进行设计优化时,更多集中开展结构参数和控制参数等对喷射特性的影响。专利《一种共轨喷油器一致性的在线诊断方法》通过采集喷油器喷射动作引起的压力降推算实际喷油器喷入气缸内的燃油量,在推算时假设燃油的弹性模量为定值。实际上,在高压燃油从喷油器喷孔喷射出去时,喷孔作为一个节流孔,带有高压差的燃油通过节流孔后会导致燃油温度的升高,燃油温度的改变导致燃油弹性模量等物理性质的变化,而上述专利在进行喷油量推算时采用不合理的假设条件可能导致喷油量预测精度的下降。在现代化的高压共轨喷油器喷射特性计算中,喷嘴喷孔处燃油生热的计算是重要的,可实现更为准确地预测循环喷油量等喷射特性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供可以准确预测不同喷射压力下喷嘴处燃油的温升,同时能够和喷射特性计算模型进行耦合,实现喷射特性和燃油温升实时计算的一种高压共轨喷油器喷孔处燃油生热计算方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
本发明一种高压共轨喷油器喷孔处燃油生热计算方法,其特征是:
(1)设共轨喷油器内高压燃油流经喷孔的过程为绝热节流膨胀过程,在没有外部功时,在节流孔前后燃油滞止焓守恒:
Figure BDA0002723624250000011
上式中,h为燃油的比焓,是温度T和压强P的函数,u为燃油流动速度,下标up和dw分别代表喷孔的上游和下游;
(2)定义喷嘴孔上游和下游目标燃油的位置与孔口距离为X,并认为喷孔上游处燃油流速uup和下游燃油流速udw相等,即uup≈udw,对公式
Figure BDA0002723624250000021
中的温度和压力进行双求导为:
Figure BDA0002723624250000022
上式中,Cp为燃油定压比热容,ρ为燃油密度,体积热膨胀系数β为:
Figure BDA0002723624250000023
(3)对燃油比焓的导数进行从喷嘴孔上游燃油压力Pup到下游燃油压力Pdw的积分,得到喷孔上下游压差引起的燃油稳态温升为:
Figure BDA0002723624250000024
上式中,ε为在压差ΔP下燃油连续流经喷孔时稳态温升系数;
(4)针对高压共轨喷油器为脉冲喷射,在考虑到喷射脉宽t基础上定义新的系数ε*为:
Figure BDA0002723624250000025
(5)建立不同喷射脉宽下喷油器工作时喷嘴孔处燃油的稳态温升试验数据库,提取试验数据库的数据对公式
Figure BDA0002723624250000026
进行拟合,得到对应的拟合系数a1-a4,公式ΔT=ε*×ΔP预测在不同喷射脉宽和喷射压差下燃油生热ΔT值:
ΔT=ε*×ΔP。
本发明的优势在于:本发明提供了一种高压共轨喷油器喷孔处燃油生热计算方法,该方法解决无法实现喷孔内温升的预测技术问题。同时,提供的计算方法可以和共轨喷油器喷射特性模型进行实时耦合,实现更为准确的循环喷油量精确预测。
附图说明
图1为本发明的流程图;
图2为采用本发明方法得到的计算结果和试验数据的对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述:
结合图1-2,本发明一种高压共轨喷油器节流孔处燃油稳态温升计算方法,具体流程包括:
(1)假设共轨喷油器内高压燃油流经喷孔的过程为绝热节流膨胀过程,根据热力学第一定律,在没有外部功时,在节流孔前后燃油滞止焓守恒:
Figure BDA0002723624250000031
上式中,h为燃油的比焓,是温度T和压强P的函数,u为燃油流动速度,下标up和dw分别代表喷孔的上游和下游。
(2)定义喷嘴孔上游和下游目标燃油的位置与孔口距离为X,并认为喷孔上游处燃油流速uup和下游燃油流速udw相等,即uup≈udw,那么,对公式(1)中的温度和压力进行双求导为:
Figure BDA0002723624250000032
上式中,Cp为燃油定压比热容,ρ为燃油密度。体积热膨胀系数β为:
Figure BDA0002723624250000033
(3)对燃油比焓的导数(公式(2))进行从喷嘴孔上游燃油压力Pup到下游燃油压力Pdw的积分,得到喷孔上下游压差引起的燃油稳态温升为:
Figure BDA0002723624250000034
上式中,ε为在压差ΔP下燃油连续流经喷孔时稳态温升系数。
(4)针对高压共轨喷油器为脉冲喷射这一特点,在考虑到喷射脉宽t基础上定义新的系数ε*为:
Figure BDA0002723624250000035
(5)建立不同喷射脉宽下喷油器工作时喷嘴孔处燃油的稳态温升试验数据库,提取试验数据库的数据对公式(5)进行拟合,得到对应的拟合系数a1-a4。公式(6)能够预测在不同喷射脉宽和喷射压差下燃油生热ΔT值:
ΔT=ε*×ΔP (6)
从图2可以看出,采用公式(6)的计算结果与试验数据具有很好的匹配性,说明本发明方法可以很好的进行高压共轨喷油器内喷嘴孔燃油稳态温升的预测,且具有较高的预测精度。

Claims (1)

1.一种高压共轨喷油器喷孔处燃油生热计算方法,其特征是:
(1)设共轨喷油器内高压燃油流经喷孔的过程为绝热节流膨胀过程,在没有外部功时,在节流孔前后燃油滞止焓守恒:
Figure FDA0003385347980000011
上式中,h为燃油的比焓,是温度T和压强P的函数,u为燃油流动速度,下标up和dw分别代表喷孔的上游和下游;
(2)认为喷孔上游处燃油流速uup和下游燃油流速udw相等,即uup≈udw,对公式
Figure FDA0003385347980000012
中的温度和压力进行双求导为:
Figure FDA0003385347980000013
上式中,Cp为燃油定压比热容,ρ为燃油密度,体积热膨胀系数β为:
Figure FDA0003385347980000014
(3)对燃油比焓的导数进行从喷嘴孔上游燃油压力Pup到下游燃油压力Pdw的积分,得到喷孔上下游压差引起的燃油稳态温升为:
Figure FDA0003385347980000015
上式中,ε为在压差ΔP下燃油连续流经喷孔时稳态温升系数;
(4)针对高压共轨喷油器为脉冲喷射,在考虑到喷射脉宽t基础上定义新的系数ε*为:
Figure FDA0003385347980000016
(5)建立不同喷射脉宽下喷油器工作时喷嘴孔处燃油的稳态温升试验数据库,提取试验数据库的数据对公式
Figure FDA0003385347980000017
进行拟合,得到对应的拟合系数a1-a4,公式ΔT=ε*×ΔP预测在不同喷射脉宽和喷射压差下燃油生热ΔT值:
ΔT=ε*×ΔP。
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007053082A1 (de) * 2007-11-07 2009-05-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung einer Kraftstofftemperatur in einem Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem
CN101568718A (zh) * 2007-06-21 2009-10-28 丰田自动车株式会社 内燃机的控制系统及控制方法
CN104481769A (zh) * 2014-12-03 2015-04-01 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 一种共轨喷油器一致性的在线诊断方法
CN104481767A (zh) * 2014-12-05 2015-04-01 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 一种新型共轨喷油器

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101568718A (zh) * 2007-06-21 2009-10-28 丰田自动车株式会社 内燃机的控制系统及控制方法
DE102007053082A1 (de) * 2007-11-07 2009-05-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung einer Kraftstofftemperatur in einem Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem
CN104481769A (zh) * 2014-12-03 2015-04-01 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 一种共轨喷油器一致性的在线诊断方法
CN104481767A (zh) * 2014-12-05 2015-04-01 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 一种新型共轨喷油器

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