CN112208160A - 一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板 - Google Patents

一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板 Download PDF

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CN112208160A
CN112208160A CN201911012657.9A CN201911012657A CN112208160A CN 112208160 A CN112208160 A CN 112208160A CN 201911012657 A CN201911012657 A CN 201911012657A CN 112208160 A CN112208160 A CN 112208160A
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layer
core material
fiber cotton
vacuum insulation
insulation panel
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程学宇
余耀
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Sichuan Micron Vip New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，包括内部芯材和外覆复合膜材，所述内部芯材由表层、中间层、底层组成，其中中间层为二氧化硅纤维的编织布，表层和底层均为纤维棉毡，纤维棉毡内掺杂有氯化物颗粒和硅粉颗粒。该真空绝热板通过设置的三层夹层结构的芯材改变了常规的单层结构芯材，极大地提高了真空绝热板的强度，在芯材的表层、底层的添加了一定含量的氯化物颗粒、硅粉颗粒后使芯材强度得以进一步提高，增大芯材包覆复合膜材时固有硬度，便于芯材成型，方便对芯材进行包覆膜材操作。适合在真空保温领域推广。

Description

一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板
技术领域
本发明于真空保温领域，具体涉及一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板。
背景技术
真空绝热材料是将内部芯材插入到具有阻气性的外包装薄膜中，对内部进行减压、密封获得的材料。常见的内部芯材有玻璃棉、玻璃纤维、二氧化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、石棉等材料，经过减压、密封的加工工序，内部芯材空气率降低，内部气流循环几近没有，更好的保持材料的保温、隔热性能。由于真空绝热材料高效保温、隔热，现已被广泛用于家电、石油、化工、建筑和航空航天领域中，且由于通常为板材设置，因此真空绝热材料在业界也简称真空绝热板。
真空绝热板在结构上一般设置为内部芯材和外覆膜材，通过抽真空的方式获得内部芯材的真空状态，内部芯材的真空度及结构是制备后的真空绝热板导热系数的主要衡量指标，如何提高真空绝热板的力学性能及保温性能一直这一领域的重要研究课题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有良好的力学性能及保温性能的编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板。
本发明决其技术问题所采用的技术方案为：该一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，包括内部芯材和外覆膜层，所述外覆膜层围成真空的腔体，所述内部芯材封装于真空的腔体内，所述内部芯材由表层、中间层、底层组成，且将表层、中间层、底层进行加热处理得到内部芯材，所述中间层为二氧化硅纤维构成的编织布，所述表层和底层均为纤维棉毡，所述纤维棉毡由玻璃纤维短切丝、陶瓷纤维按照如下重量比混合经过加压处理而成，所述玻璃纤维短切丝与陶瓷纤维的重量比为(1～9)：10，所述纤维棉毡内还掺杂有氯化物颗粒和硅粉颗粒，所述氯化物颗粒的重量为陶瓷纤维重量的8.5-15％，所述硅粉颗粒的重量为陶瓷纤维重量的1.5-5.5％。
进一步的是，将玻璃纤维短切丝、陶瓷纤维混合后进行加压处理的过程如下所述：在纤维棉毡的上表面和下表面分别瞬时施加0.1-0.85Pa的压力。
进一步的是，所述编织布的厚度为10-100微米，所述编织布的编织间隙形状为O型或菱形或方形。
进一步的是，将表层、中间层、底层进行加热处理得到内部芯材的过程如下：将表层、中间层、底层依次层叠放置后放入温度为550-620℃的环境中，持续加热8-10分钟。
进一步的是，所述纤维棉毡内掺杂氯化物颗粒和硅粉颗粒的过程如下所示：首先，准备一定量硅粉颗粒，然后配制喷涂浓度为15-33％的氯化物溶液，然后将浓度为15-33％的氯化物溶液喷涂在纤维棉毡的表面，再将一定量的硅粉颗粒均匀的铺撒在纤维棉毡的表面，接着对纤维棉毡进行加压处理，所述加压处理的过程如下：对纤维棉毡瞬时施加0.4-1.2Pa的压力，然后将经过加压处理的纤维棉毡进行加热处理，所述加热处理的过程如下：将经过加压处理的纤维棉毡放入温度为20-85℃的环境中，持续加热8-12分钟。
进一步的是，所述氯化物颗粒为氯化钠颗粒或氯化钾颗粒中的任意一种或氯化钾颗粒和氯化钠颗粒二者的混合物，所述混合物中的氯化钾颗粒和氯化钠颗粒以任意比重混合。
进一步的是，所述氯化钠或氯化钾颗粒的直径为50-150微米。
进一步的是，所述外覆膜层的内表面设置有厚度为10-250微米的溴化聚苯乙烯阻燃膜层。
进一步的是，所述外覆膜层为四层结构，从上到下依次为尼龙层、聚乙烯层、真空镀铝膜层、铝箔层。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，通过设置的三层夹层结构的芯材改变了常规的单层结构芯材，极大地提高了真空绝热板的强度，在芯材的表层、底层的添加了一定含量的氯化物、硅粉颗粒后芯材强度得以进一步提高，增大芯材包覆复合膜材时固有硬度，便于芯材成型，方便对芯材进行包覆膜材操作，同时增大了纤维之间的摩擦，减少纤维的滑动，减少抽真空后期工序的繁琐。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明所述的一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板的芯材的结构示意图；
图中标记说明：表层1、中间层2、底层3、氯化物颗粒4、硅粉颗粒5、外覆膜层6。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，该一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，包括内部芯材和外覆膜层(6)，所述外覆膜层(6)围成真空的腔体，所述内部芯材封装于真空的腔体内，所述内部芯材由表层(1)、中间层(2)、底层(3)组成，且将表层(1)、中间层(2)、底层(3)进行加热处理得到内部芯材，所述中间层(2)为二氧化硅纤维构成的编织布，所述表层(1)和底层(3)均为纤维棉毡，所述纤维棉毡由玻璃纤维短切丝、陶瓷纤维按照如下重量比混合经过加压处理而成，所述玻璃纤维短切丝与陶瓷纤维的重量比为(1～9)：10，所述纤维棉毡内还掺杂有氯化物颗粒(4)和硅粉颗粒(5)，所述氯化物颗粒(4)的重量为陶瓷纤维重量的8.5-15％，所述硅粉颗粒(5)的重量为陶瓷纤维重量的1.5-5.5％。本发明提供的一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，通过设置的三层夹层结构的芯材改变了常规的单层结构芯材，极大地提高了真空绝热板的强度，在芯材的表层(1)、底层(3)的添加了一定含量的氯化物、硅粉颗粒(5)后芯材强度得以进一步提高，增大芯材包覆复合膜材时固有硬度，便于芯材成型，方便对芯材进行包覆膜材操作，同时增大了纤维之间的摩擦，减少纤维的滑动，减少抽真空后期工序的繁琐。
在上述实施例中，在纤维棉毡的上表面和下表面分别瞬时施加0.1-0.85Pa的压力是为了使其表层(1)形成体积分数为2-10％的纤维粉化组织结构，有利于减小纤维之间的孔隙，延缓纤维老化过程，提高使用寿命。
作为优选的，所述编织布的厚度优选为10-100微米，所述编织布的编织间隙形状优选为O型或菱形或方形。
进一步的是，将表层(1)、中间层(2)、底层(3)依次层叠放置后放入温度为550-620℃的环境中，持续加热8-10分钟从而使3.2-11％的纤维发生塑性变形进而获得内部芯材。
根据实际需求，所述纤维棉毡内掺杂氯化物颗粒(4)和硅粉颗粒(5)的过程如下所示：首先，准备一定量硅粉颗粒(5)，然后配制喷涂浓度为15-33％的氯化物溶液，然后将浓度为15-33％的氯化物溶液喷涂在纤维棉毡的表面，再将一定量的硅粉颗粒(5)均匀的铺撒在纤维棉毡的表面，接着对纤维棉毡进行加压处理，所述加压处理的过程如下：对纤维棉毡瞬时施加0.4-1.2Pa的压力，然后将经过加压处理的纤维棉毡进行加热处理，所述加热处理的过程如下：将经过加压处理的纤维棉毡放入温度为20-85℃的环境中，持续加热8-12分钟。
另外，所述氯化物颗粒(4)为氯化钠颗粒或氯化钾颗粒中的任意一种或氯化钾颗粒和氯化钠颗粒二者的混合物，所述混合物中的氯化钾颗粒和氯化钠颗粒以任意比重混合。
所述氯化钠或氯化钾颗粒的大小会影响内部芯材的质量，当氯化钠或氯化钾颗粒的直径为50-150微米内部芯材的质量效果最佳。
为了改善真空绝热板的阻燃特性，提高安全系数，所述外覆膜层(6)的内表面设置有厚度为10-250微米的溴化聚苯乙烯阻燃膜层。
另外，所述外覆膜层为四层结构，从上到下依次为尼龙层、聚乙烯层、真空镀铝膜层、铝箔层，所述外覆膜层通过干式复合和高温高频热合成。
本发明中，先将玻璃纤维短切丝、陶瓷纤维按照(1～9)：10重量比混合经过加压处理获得纤维棉毡，然后在纤维棉毡的上表面和下表面分别瞬时施加0.1-0.85Pa的压力使其表层(1)形成体积分数为2-10％的纤维粉化组织结构，然后再配置浓度为浓度为15-33％的氯化物溶液并喷涂在纤维棉毡表面，再将重量为陶瓷纤维重量的1.5-5.5％的硅粉颗粒(5)均匀的铺撒在纤维棉毡表面，接着对纤维棉毡进行加压处理，所述加压处理的过程如下：对纤维棉毡瞬时施加0.4-1.2Pa的压力，然后将经过加压处理的纤维棉毡进行加热处理，所述加热处理的过程如下：将经过加压处理的纤维棉毡放入温度为20-85℃的环境中，持续加热8-12分钟，蒸发掉氯化钠溶液或氯化钾溶液中的溶剂，然后再将表层(1)、中间层(2)、底层(3)依次重叠放置进行加热处理得到内部芯材，加热过程如下：将表层(1)、中间层(2)、底层(3)依次层叠放置后放入温度为550-620℃的环境中，持续加热8-10分钟，然后将获得的芯材封装于外覆膜层(6)内。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (9)

1.一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，包括内部芯材和外覆膜层(6)，所述外覆膜层(6)围成真空的腔体，所述内部芯材封装于真空的腔体内，其特征在于：所述内部芯材由表层(1)、中间层(2)、底层(3)组成，且将表层(1)、中间层(2)、底层(3)进行加热处理得到内部芯材，所述中间层(2)为二氧化硅纤维构成的编织布，所述表层(1)和底层(3)均为纤维棉毡，所述纤维棉毡由玻璃纤维短切丝、陶瓷纤维按照如下重量比混合经过加压处理而成，所述玻璃纤维短切丝与陶瓷纤维的重量比为(1～9)：10，所述纤维棉毡内还掺杂有氯化物颗粒(4)和硅粉颗粒(5)，所述氯化物颗粒(4)的重量为陶瓷纤维重量的8.5-15％，所述硅粉颗粒(5)的重量为陶瓷纤维重量的1.5-5.5％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，其特征在于：将玻璃纤维短切丝、陶瓷纤维混合后进行加压处理的过程如下所述：在纤维棉毡的上表面和下表面分别瞬时施加0.1-0.85Pa的压力。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，其特征在于：所述编织布的厚度为10-100微米，所述编织布的编织间隙形状为O型或菱形或方形。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，其特征在于：将表层(1)、中间层(2)、底层(3)进行加热处理得到内部芯材的过程如下：将表层(1)、中间层(2)、底层(3)依次层叠放置后放入温度为550-620℃的环境中，持续加热8-10分钟。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，其特征在于：所述纤维棉毡内掺杂氯化物颗粒(4)和硅粉颗粒(5)的过程如下所示：首先，准备一定量硅粉颗粒(5)，然后配制喷涂浓度为15-33％的氯化物溶液，然后将浓度为15-33％的氯化物溶液喷涂在纤维棉毡的表面，再将一定量的硅粉颗粒(5)均匀的铺撒在纤维棉毡的表面，接着对纤维棉毡进行加压处理，所述加压处理的过程如下：对纤维棉毡瞬时施加0.4-1.2Pa的压力，然后将经过加压处理的纤维棉毡进行加热处理，所述加热处理的过程如下：将经过加压处理的纤维棉毡放入温度为20-85℃的环境中，持续加热8-12分钟。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，其特征在于：所述氯化物颗粒(4)为氯化钠颗粒或氯化钾颗粒中的任意一种或氯化钾颗粒和氯化钠颗粒二者的混合物，所述混合物中的氯化钾颗粒和氯化钠颗粒以任意比重混合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，其特征在于：所述氯化钠或氯化钾颗粒(4)的直径为50-150微米。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，其特征在于：所述外覆膜层(6)的内表面设置有厚度为10-250微米的溴化聚苯乙烯阻燃膜层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种编织体骨架结构的真空绝热板，其特征在于：所述外覆膜层(6)为四层结构，从上到下依次为尼龙层、聚乙烯层、真空镀铝膜层、铝箔层。
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