CN112208098A - 3D printer and powder laying method thereof - Google Patents
3D printer and powder laying method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112208098A CN112208098A CN202010999665.3A CN202010999665A CN112208098A CN 112208098 A CN112208098 A CN 112208098A CN 202010999665 A CN202010999665 A CN 202010999665A CN 112208098 A CN112208098 A CN 112208098A
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- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 41
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/214—Doctor blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
- B29C64/329—Feeding using hoppers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a 3D printer and a powder laying method thereof. This 3D printer includes: a mounting frame; the forming cylinder comprises a forming shell and a forming platform, the forming shell is arranged on the mounting frame, and the forming platform is arranged on the forming shell in a reciprocating manner along a first direction; spread powder portion, it sets up on the mounting bracket to spread powder portion along second direction reciprocating motion ground, and it includes flexible scraper, supplies powder unit and surplus powder recovery unit to spread powder portion, supplies the powder unit to be located between flexible scraper and the surplus powder recovery unit, when spreading powder portion and removing, supplies the powder unit to lay the shaping powder on the platform that takes shape, and flexible scraper will take shape the powder and strickle off, and surplus powder recovery unit absorbs flexible scraper and strickles off the surplus powder of shaping powder in-process. This 3D printer spreads powder effort low, helps promoting to print the success rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of processing equipment, in particular to a 3D printer and a powder laying method thereof.
Background
A powder bed 3D printer (hereinafter referred to as a printer) is one of the important branches of additive manufacturing equipment, and is configured to lay a fine powder thin layer in an opening region of a forming cylinder of the printer through a powder laying device, and then selectively process the fine powder thin layer by means of laser, electron beam, micro-droplet jetting, and the like, so that powder in a selected region is combined into a sheet-shaped whole. And (3) through the layer-by-layer descending of the printing substrate in the forming cylinder and the repeated execution of the powder laying and selective treatment steps, vertically accumulating each layer of powder cured material and the previously obtained cured material until a complete three-dimensional entity is generated.
Due to the fact that laser, electron beams and micro-droplet spraying have excellent plane resolution and micro-nano-scale particles possessed by fine powder, compared with other material increase equipment adopting a solid medium, the powder bed 3D printer has outstanding forming precision and surface quality advantages; such as SLM printer for metal powder forming and SLS printer for polymer powder forming, the forming precision and surface quality are superior to laser cladding forming (LDM) and melt extrusion Forming (FDM), respectively.
In addition, thanks to the 2D to 3D forming principle of powder paving layer by layer and accumulation in the height direction (namely Z direction), the powder bed 3D printer avoids the problem of cutter interference of cutting complex parts, so that the application advantages of the powder bed 3D printer in the field of forming parts with complex geometric characteristics such as cavities, inner flow channels, lattice filling and the like are increasingly highlighted.
The high use cost of the powder bed 3D printer is one of the major disadvantages, and the main reason for the disadvantage is the low success rate of printing. The reasons for the low printing success rate mainly include powder laying failure, improper curing treatment, transverse dislocation, overall warping deformation and the like, wherein the overall warping deformation is mutually coupled with the powder laying failure and the transverse dislocation, and the printing success rate is further reduced. The problem of powder paving failure that produces whole warp deformation and lead to in the powder curing process can't effectively be solved to current powder bed 3D printer.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a 3D printer and a powder spreading method thereof, so as to solve the problem of high printing failure rate caused by poor powder spreading.
The invention provides a 3D printer, which comprises: a mounting frame; the forming cylinder comprises a forming shell and a forming platform, the forming shell is arranged on the mounting frame, and the forming platform is arranged on the forming shell in a reciprocating manner along a first direction; spread powder portion, it sets up on the mounting bracket to spread powder portion along second direction reciprocating motion ground, and it includes flexible scraper, supplies powder unit and surplus powder recovery unit to spread powder portion, supplies the powder unit to be located between flexible scraper and the surplus powder recovery unit, when spreading powder portion and removing, supplies the powder unit to lay the shaping powder on the platform that takes shape, and flexible scraper will take shape the powder and strickle off, and surplus powder recovery unit absorbs flexible scraper and strickles off the surplus powder of shaping powder in-process.
So set up, this 3D printer's mounting bracket bears the shaping jar and spreads powder portion etc.. The forming shell of the forming cylinder is used for carrying the forming platform. The powder supply unit of the powder laying part is used for laying forming powder on the forming platform, and the flexible scraper is used for scraping the forming powder so as to be convenient for subsequent treatment of the forming powder and enable the forming powder to be solidified into a required structure. Surplus powder recovery unit is used for absorbing surplus powder at the in-process that flexible scraper will take shape the powder and strickle off to avoid surplus powder accumulation too much to cause the removal resistance of flexible scraper too big, when just also having avoided there being solidified layer on the platform that takes shape, too big surplus powder piles produces power disturbance to solidified layer not, makes its translation and causes the printing failure. Because the flexible scraper has flexibility and can deform, when an uncured layer exists on the forming platform, the deformation of the flexible scraper can avoid that the scraper directly collides with the uncured layer to damage the uncured layer so as to cause printing failure.
Optionally, the powder supply unit comprises: the powder box is arranged on the mounting frame in a reciprocating manner along a second direction through the driving assembly, and is provided with a powder outlet; and the powder outlet assembly is arranged at the powder outlet of the powder box and conveys the formed powder in the powder box to the outside of the powder box.
So set up, can go out the powder in the moving process in succession through the control of play powder subassembly, avoid out the powder volume too big and cause the flexible scraper resistance too big.
Optionally, the meal discharging assembly comprises: the powder outlet roller is rotatably arranged at the powder outlet, and a plurality of powder grooves are formed in the circumferential direction of the powder outlet roller; and the powder discharging motor is arranged on the powder box and is connected with the powder discharging roller to drive the powder discharging roller to rotate, so that the powder groove and the formed powder in the powder groove move out of the powder box from the powder box.
So set up for the slew velocity of going out the powder roller can accurate control, thereby realizes the accurate control to the play powder volume.
Optionally, the 3D printer further includes a controller, the controller is electrically connected to the powder discharging motor and the driving assembly of the powder cartridge, and controls a rotation speed of the powder discharging motor according to a moving speed of the powder cartridge to control a powder discharging speed of the powder discharging roller.
So set up, can make the moving speed and the play powder speed adaptation of powder box, guarantee to remove the play powder volume in-process and satisfy the demand.
Optionally, the powder spreading part further comprises a gravity sensor, the gravity sensor is arranged on the powder box and electrically connected with the controller so as to transmit the detected gravity signal of the powder box to the controller, and the controller determines the forming powder stock in the powder box according to the gravity signal.
By the arrangement, the forming powder storage in the powder box can be monitored, so that the forming powder can be supplemented in time.
Optionally, the 3D printer further comprises a powder storage part, the powder storage part is arranged on the mounting frame, the powder storage part comprises a powder outlet channel and a control valve, when the powder spreading part is located at the first position, the powder outlet channel is matched with a powder inlet on the powder box, the control valve is connected with the controller, and the controller controls the control valve to be opened or closed according to the gravity signal so as to open or close the powder outlet channel.
By the arrangement, the powder supplementing amount can be accurately controlled.
Optionally, a powder homogenizing mechanism is arranged in the powder box and comprises a powder homogenizing plate, the powder homogenizing plate is arranged in the powder box in a reciprocating manner, and a plurality of powder homogenizing holes are sequentially arranged on the powder homogenizing plate at intervals to disperse the formed powder in the powder box.
By the arrangement, the formed powder in the powder box can be uniformly distributed.
Optionally, a sealing structure is arranged on the powder outlet and used for sealing a gap between the powder outlet roller and the powder outlet.
By the arrangement, powder leakage can be avoided, and reliability is ensured.
Optionally, the residual powder recovery unit comprises: the powder suction device is arranged on the powder box and is provided with a powder suction port, and the height of the powder suction port is higher than that of the powder outlet; the powder suction cover is connected to a powder suction port of the powder suction device, and the cross-sectional area of the powder suction cover is gradually increased along the direction away from the powder suction port.
So set up, can guarantee to absorb surplus powder reliably to avoid the resistance too big.
According to another aspect of the invention, a powder laying method of a 3D printer is provided, the method comprising: controlling a forming platform of the 3D printer to move a layer of forming powder to be laid in a first direction; driving a powder laying part of the 3D printer to move along a second direction, enabling a powder supply unit of the powder laying part to lay forming powder on the forming platform, enabling a flexible scraper of the powder laying part to scrape the forming powder flat, and forming residual powder in front of the flexible scraper moving along the second direction; the residual powder recovery unit of the powder laying part is driven to suck at least part of residual powder so as to reduce the moving resistance of the flexible scraper.
So set up for remaining powder at shop's powder in-process can be absorbed by remaining powder recovery unit, thereby it is too big to avoid the surplus powder volume that flexible scraper scraped out to be too much and pile up the resistance that causes flexible scraper to remove in the place ahead of flexible scraper, makes the shaping powder that flexible scraper can make to lay satisfy level and smooth demand.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a powder spreading part of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of a powder spreading part of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a powder outlet roller of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printer in a first state during powder placement according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic top view of a powder layer in a first state during powder spreading of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printer in a second state during powder placement according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printer in a third state during powder laying according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 10 is an electrical connection schematic diagram of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
10. a mounting frame; 20. a forming cylinder; 21. a forming housing; 22. a forming platform; 31. a flexible scraper; 32. a powder supply unit; 321. powder box; 3211. a powder inlet; 322. discharging the powder from the roller; 3221. a powder groove; 323. a powder discharging motor; 324. a drive assembly; 40. a controller; 51. a gravity sensor; 61. a powder outlet channel; 62. a control valve; 63. a powder storage bin; 71. a powder homogenizing plate; 81. a powder suction device; 811. a powder suction port; 82. a powder suction cover; 83. a powder collecting bin; 90. a stirrer; 91. newly laying a powder layer; 92. an uncured layer; 93. curing the layer; 94. and (5) remaining powder.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted on" another element, it can be directly mounted on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly secured to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "or/and" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, the present invention provides a 3D printer including a mounting frame 10, a forming cylinder 20 and a powder spreading portion, wherein the forming cylinder 20 includes a forming housing 21 and a forming platform 22, the forming housing 21 is disposed on the mounting frame 10, and the forming platform 22 is disposed on the forming housing 21 in a first direction in a reciprocating manner; shop's powder portion sets up on mounting bracket 10 along second direction reciprocating motion, and shop's powder portion includes flexible scraper 31, supplies powder unit 32 and surplus powder recovery unit, supplies powder unit 32 to be located between flexible scraper 31 and the surplus powder recovery unit, when shop's powder portion removes, supplies powder unit 32 to lay the shaping powder on shaping platform 22, and flexible scraper 31 will take shape the powder and strickle off, and surplus powder recovery unit absorbs flexible scraper 31 and strickles off the surplus powder of shaping powder in-process.
The mounting frame 10 of the 3D printer carries the forming cylinder 20, the powder laying section, and the like. The forming housing 21 of the forming cylinder 20 is used to carry a forming table 22. The powder supply unit 32 of the powder laying part is used for laying the forming powder on the forming platform 22, and the flexible scraper 31 is used for scraping the forming powder to facilitate the subsequent treatment of the forming powder and the solidification of the forming powder into a required structure. The residual powder recovery unit is used for sucking residual powder in the process of scraping the forming powder by the flexible scraper 31, so that the phenomenon that the residual powder is accumulated excessively to cause overlarge moving resistance of the flexible scraper 31 is avoided, and when an uncured layer 92 exists on the forming platform 22, the overlarge residual powder pile generates force disturbance on the uncured layer 92 to cause the printing failure due to the translation of the uncured layer. Since the flexible scraper 31 itself has flexibility and can deform, when the uncured layer 92 is present on the forming platform 22, the deformation of the flexible scraper 31 can avoid that the scraper directly collides with the uncured layer 92 to damage the uncured layer 92, so that printing fails.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the mounting frame 10 is further provided with a first partition board and a second partition board, and the first partition board and the second partition board are sequentially arranged at intervals along the height direction of the mounting frame 10. The forming cylinder 20 is disposed below the second partition plate, and an upper edge of the forming cylinder 20 is fitted on the second partition plate, the forming table 22 is reciprocally movable in a first direction (i.e., a vertical direction shown in fig. 1), and when the forming table 22 is moved to an upper dead point, a surface of the forming table 22 is flush with the second partition plate.
The forming platform 22 may be driven to reciprocate by a telescopic cylinder, a telescopic rod, or other structures, which are not limited in the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the powder laying section is provided between the first partition and the second partition, and is capable of reciprocating on the mounting frame 10 in a second direction (horizontal direction as shown in fig. 1) for laying the forming powder onto the forming table 22.
Wherein, the powder supply unit 32 includes a powder box 321 and a powder outlet assembly. The compact 321 is used for containing forming powder, and the powder discharging assembly is used for conveying the forming powder to the outside of the compact 321 when needed so as to spread the forming powder on the forming platform 22.
Specifically, the powder box 321 is disposed on the mounting rack 10 in a manner of reciprocating along a second direction by a driving assembly, and a powder outlet is disposed on the powder box 321; the powder discharging assembly is disposed at a powder outlet of the powder container 321 and conveys the formed powder in the powder container 321 to the outside of the powder container 321.
The structure, shape and material of the compact 321 may be determined as desired, and the embodiment is not limited thereto. Referring to fig. 3 in combination, the powder outlet of the powder container 321 is provided at a lower portion thereof. The driving assembly 324 for driving the compact 321 to move may be a linear motor, a driving sprocket assembly, or any other suitable assembly capable of reciprocating the compact 321 in the second direction.
Preferably, to reduce volume and space usage, the drive assembly 324 may be a linear motor.
The powder discharging assembly comprises a powder discharging roller 322 and a powder discharging motor 323. The powder outlet roller 322 is rotatably arranged at the powder outlet, and a plurality of powder grooves 3221 are arranged on the circumference of the powder outlet roller 322. The powder discharging motor 323 is disposed on the powder box 321 and connected to the powder discharging roller 322 to drive the powder discharging roller 322 to rotate, so that the powder groove 3221 and the formed powder in the powder groove 3221 move from the powder box 321 to the outside of the powder box 321.
The powder outlet can be closed when the powder outlet roller 322 does not rotate, thereby preventing the formed powder from leaking and avoiding waste. When powder needs to be spread, the powder outlet motor 323 drives the powder outlet roller 322 to rotate, so that the powder groove 3221 in the powder box 321 rotates to the outside of the powder box 321, and the formed powder in the powder groove 3221 is driven to reach the outside of the powder box 321, and the powder spreading is realized.
The powder output amount of each powder output can be adjusted by controlling the volume of the powder groove 3221. Referring to fig. 4 and 5 in combination, the powder outlet roller 322 is provided with a plurality of protrusions in the circumferential direction, and a powder groove 3221 is formed between two adjacent protrusions.
Of course, in other embodiments, the powder discharging assembly may have other structures, for example, a chain belt and a belt driven by a sprocket or a pulley, and the formed powder is conveyed from the powder box 321 to the outside by a porous structure uniformly distributed on the chain belt or a dense tooth structure of the belt, so as to control the powder supply amount and the powder supply speed.
Optionally, in order to avoid powder leakage, a sealing structure is arranged on the powder outlet, and the sealing structure is used for sealing a gap between the powder outlet roller 322 and the powder outlet. Thus, the two sides of the powder outlet roller 322 are in sliding sealing fit with the powder outlet, and the sealing performance is ensured.
The powder outlet roller 322 is connected with a powder outlet motor 323 (which can be a servo motor), when the powder outlet motor 323 drives the powder outlet roller 322 to rotate anticlockwise, the powder groove in the powder box 321 rotates to the outside of the powder outlet from the left sliding seal, the formed powder falls freely to realize powder supply, the higher the rotating speed of the powder outlet motor is, the more the number of the powder grooves rotating to the outside of the powder outlet in unit time is, and the higher the powder supply amount and the powder supply speed are.
Optionally, in order to ensure that the powder discharging amount and the powder discharging rate meet the requirements, so as to ensure that the forming powder is not wasted, and meanwhile, that the thickness of the formed powder is laid meets the requirements, the 3D printer further includes a controller 40, and the controller 40 is electrically connected to the powder discharging motor 323 and the driving component 324 of the powder box 321 respectively, and controls the rotation speed of the powder discharging motor 323 according to the moving speed of the powder box 321, so as to control the powder discharging rate of the powder discharging roller. Thus, the controller 40 can control the powder discharging speed by controlling the rotation speed of the powder discharging motor 323, and further can control the powder spreading thickness by controlling the moving speed of the powder box 321.
As shown in fig. 3, a powder inlet 3211 is disposed at the top of the powder box 321, and the area of the powder inlet 3211 is small, so that the formed powder may form a local accumulation after entering the powder box 321, and the powder is unevenly distributed.
The residual powder recovery unit comprises a powder suction device 81 and a powder suction cover 82, wherein the powder suction device 81 is arranged on the powder box 321, the powder suction device 81 is provided with a powder suction port 811, and the height of the powder suction port 811 is higher than that of the powder outlet; the powder suction cover 82 is connected to the powder suction port 811 of the powder suction unit 81, and the cross-sectional area of the powder suction cover 82 gradually increases in a direction gradually away from the powder suction port 811. The powder absorber 81 can absorb the redundant formed powder after the flexible scraper 31 is strickled off, and the excessive accumulation of the redundant powder in the front of the moving path of the flexible scraper 31 to cause the overlarge moving resistance is avoided. The powder suction cover 82 can ensure that the powder suction device 81 can smoothly suck the residual powder everywhere.
In this embodiment, the formed powder in the powder container 321 may include sucked residual powder in addition to the formed powder input through the powder inlet 3211, so that waste of the formed powder may be sufficiently avoided. For example, the powder sucker 81 communicates with the powder container 321, and conveys the sucked remaining powder into the powder container 321.
Specifically, a powder collecting bin 83 is provided on the powder container 321, and the powder sucker 81 conveys the sucked residual powder into the powder collecting bin 83 and then inputs the residual powder into the powder container 321 through the powder collecting bin 83.
Optionally, in the present embodiment, in order to reduce the number of times of replenishing the powder into the powder container 321, and thereby reduce the time taken for replenishing the powder, the powder spreading portion further includes a gravity sensor 51, the gravity sensor 51 is disposed on the powder container 321 and electrically connected to the controller 40 to transmit a detected gravity signal of the powder container 321 to the controller 40, and the controller 40 determines the amount of the formed powder stored in the powder container 321 according to the gravity signal. The gravity sensor 51 is arranged below the powder box 321, and the gravity sensor 51 is used for detecting the gravity of the powder box 321 to determine the forming powder stock therein, so that the stock can be timely and accurately detected, and the powder can be quickly supplemented when the shortage exists. Therefore, powder does not need to be supplemented every time powder is spread, and the powder supplementing time is reduced.
Optionally, in order to supplement powder conveniently, the 3D printer further includes a powder storage portion, the powder storage portion is disposed on the mounting frame 10, the powder storage portion includes a powder outlet channel 61 and a control valve 62, when the powder spreading portion is located at the first position, the powder outlet channel 61 is matched with a powder inlet (3211) on the powder box 321, the control valve 62 is connected with the controller 40, and the controller 40 controls the control valve 62 to open or close according to a gravity signal so as to open or close the powder outlet channel 61.
Specifically, store up powder portion including storing up powder storehouse 63, it sets up in first baffle top, and the bottom is connected with out the powder pipe, goes out the powder pipe and passes first baffle, and it has this powder passageway 61 to go out the powder pipe. The control valve 62 is arranged on the powder outlet pipe and controls the on-off of the powder outlet channel 61. The control valve 62 is connected to the controller 40, and when the controller 40 determines that powder replenishment is required according to a gravity signal of the gravity sensor 51, an instruction for opening the control valve 62 is sent to the control valve 62, so that the powder outlet passage is opened, and the powder storage 63 delivers the formed powder to the powder inlet 3211 of the powder box 321.
In order to avoid the influence of the agglomeration of the formed powder on the powder spreading effect, the stirrer 90 is arranged in the powder storage bin 63, and the stirrer 90 rotates slowly to enable the formed powder in the powder storage bin to be in a slow flowing state, so that the formed powder can be prevented from agglomerating.
In the embodiment, the 3D printer can realize low-force self-adaptive powder laying. The specific working process is as follows:
the powder supply unit 32 can drive the flexible scraper 3 and the residual powder recovery unit to move. When the powder supply unit 32 is at the first end of the stroke, the powder box 321 is located right below the control valve 62, and the powder outlet channel 61 corresponds to a powder outlet on the powder box 321. During powder replenishment, the controller 40 controls the rotation of the agitator 90, controls the agitator to rotate slowly in the powder storage bin, and simultaneously controls the opening of the control valve 62 to allow the molded powder to flow from the powder storage bin 63 into the powder container 321. The gravity sensor 51 may meter the remaining amount of the formed powder of the powder container 321. When the remaining amount in the powder container 321 meets the requirement, the controller 40 sends a closing instruction to the control valve 62, and the control valve 62 cuts off the powder outlet channel 61. In the powder feeding process, the powder homogenizing plate is of a strip-shaped comb tooth structure, and the reciprocating motion of the powder homogenizing plate can balance the powder distribution, so that the upper surface of the powder in the powder box is smooth.
When powder is spread layer by layer, the controller 40 firstly sends a displacement instruction to the forming platform 22, and the forming platform 22 is controlled to descend by a height corresponding to the single-layer curing thickness. The controller 40 sends a displacement instruction to the powder spreading part, the flexible scraper 31, the powder supply unit 32 and the residual powder recovery unit of the powder spreading part are controlled to move from left to right at a constant speed, the controller 40 sends an opening instruction to the residual powder recovery unit, and the residual powder recovery unit is controlled to open residual powder extraction. The controller 40 sends a position synchronous start-stop instruction to the powder supply unit, and controls the powder supply unit 32 to start powder supply when approaching the area of the forming platform 22 and stop powder supply when departing from the area of the forming platform 22. During the movement, the powder supply unit 32 continuously supplies the belt-shaped forming powder with the same width as the forming platform 22 to the forming platform 22, the flexible scraper 31 located at the rear part scrapes the belt-shaped forming powder evenly to form a smooth new powder laying layer 91, meanwhile, the redundant powder is accumulated in front of the flexible scraper 31 to form a powder pile, and when the powder pile extends to the powder suction port of the residual powder recovery unit, the powder pile is pumped back to the powder supply unit for recycling by the residual powder recovery unit, so that the powder pile is prevented from further expanding, the powder scraping resistance is increased to cause the deformation of the flexible scraper, and the incomplete solidified material (namely, the uncured layer 92) is interfered to cause the transverse deviation. When the powder spreading part moves to the second end, the powder spreading of the layer is finished, the controller sends a return instruction to the powder spreading part, the powder spreading part is controlled to return to the first end, the controller sends a stop instruction to the residual powder recovery unit, and the residual powder recovery unit is controlled to stop powder pumping; the forming platform descends, the powder spreading part moves to the right, and then the operation is returned to be repeatedly executed, so that the powder bed 3D printing forming control can be realized by matching with powder curing means such as laser, electron beams, micro-droplet spraying and the like.
When the powder feeding unit 32 discharges powder, the powder discharging amount of the powder discharging roller is in direct proportion to the rotation angle of the powder discharging motor 323, the powder conveying speed is in direct proportion to the rotation speed of the powder discharging motor 323, and the powder feeding is also stopped when the powder discharging roller is stopped. The controller 40 controls the powder discharging motor 323 and the driving assembly 324 in a linkage manner, namely when the powder box 321 is positioned on the forming platform 22, the rotation angle of the powder discharging motor 323 is in a proportional relation with the displacement of the powder box 321, the larger the proportional value is, the larger the powder quantity is supplied to the forming platform, and the controller 40 can adjust the proportional value, so that the powder supply quantity is properly redundant relative to the powder paving required quantity, thereby avoiding insufficient powder and preventing excessive powder supply.
One part of the powder supplied in front of the flexible scraper 31 is used for flatly paving and filling powder gaps, a plane of a new powder paving layer 91 is formed after the powder is flatly paved by the flexible scraper, the other part of the powder is redundant powder, and the redundant powder is continuously accumulated in front of the flexible scraper 31 to form a powder pile and gradually enlarge the powder pile; through surplus powder recovery unit, pile up the powder that produces when redundant powder, enlarge to surplus powder recovery unit inhale powder mouth 811 when, surplus powder recovery unit can be with powder pumpback to collection powder storehouse 83 in, surplus powder recovery unit can ensure that the powder heap in front of flexible scraper 31 can not last the increase promptly, and then leads to flexible scraper 31 to scrape the powder resistance increase, or disturb that unfinished layer 92 that solidifies leads to its aversion.
The continuous powder supply of the powder supply unit is matched with the powder withdrawal of the residual powder recovery unit, so that the powder piling amount in front of the flexible scraper 31 is always maintained at a trace level, but the powder amount demand of real-time powder paving can be met, the powder scraping resistance of the flexible scraper 31 is kept in a slight state, and meanwhile, the disturbance of the powder scraping action of the flexible scraper to the uncured layer 92 is maintained at a low-level state.
The flexible scraper 31 can be made of high-flexibility materials such as silicon rubber, when the surface of the uncured layer in the powder is locally raised, the flexible scraper 31 is deformed in a self-adaptive manner, the damage to the cutting edge of the flexible scraper 31 and the displacement of the uncured layer 92 can be avoided, the normal powder laying effect of other areas can be ensured, and the printing failure caused by abnormal powder laying is prevented.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the powder is not supplied before the powder container 321 is moved to the forming table 22, and the supply of the powder is started when the powder container is moved to the forming table 22. The powder falls down on the last cured layer 93 and the uncured layer 92 in front of the flexible scraper 31 and is continuously scraped along with the flexible scraper 31 to form a new powder laying layer 91, redundant powder is accumulated in front of the flexible scraper 31 to form a powder stack, the powder stack is accumulated to be enlarged along with the forward movement of the flexible scraper 31 until the powder stack is expanded to the powder suction port 811 of the residual powder recovery unit forwards, the residual powder recovery unit sucks back the powder at the powder suction port 811 and sends the powder stack into the powder box 321 through a powder collection bin, so that the powder stack cannot be continuously expanded forwards, and the phenomenon that the powder scraping resistance of the flexible scraper 31 is too large to cause the flatness of the new powder laying layer to be poor or cause the force disturbance of the uncured layer to cause the transverse displacement of the powder laying layer is avoided.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, when the flexible scraper 31, the powder supply unit 32 and the remaining powder recovery unit approach to the protruding portion formed by the uncured layer in the powder spreading process, the local advance of the powder pile is blocked, which causes the local backward elastic deformation of the flexible scraper 31, so that the local cutting edge of the flexible scraper 31 is raised (flush with the surface of the second partition plate when the local cutting edge is not raised), and the advance blocked powder can stay on the left side of the protruding portion. When the cutting edge of the flexible scraper 31 reaches and passes through the raised part, the raised part causes the upward elastic deformation of the local cutting edge of the flexible scraper 31, and the newly spread powder layer at the raised part is correspondingly raised. The combination of these two actions results in a hill-like morphology of the newly laid powder layer around the raised portion. After the flexible scraper 31 completely crosses the convex part, the elastic deformation of the cutting edge is recovered, and the elastic deformation of the cutting edge scrapes off a new powder laying layer generated by powder and recovers to be flat and normal height.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a powder laying method of a 3D printer, the method including: controlling a forming platform 22 of the 3D printer to move a layer of forming powder to be laid in a first direction; driving a powder laying part of the 3D printer to move along a second direction, enabling a powder supply unit 32 of the powder laying part to lay forming powder on the forming platform 22, enabling a flexible scraper 31 of the powder laying part to scrape the forming powder flat, and forming residual powder in front of the flexible scraper 31 moving along the second direction; the remaining powder recovery unit of the powder spreading portion is driven to suck at least part of the remaining powder to reduce the resistance to the movement of the flexible scraper 31.
In the powder laying process, the forming platform 22 is moved in the first direction by a layer of thickness of the forming powder to be laid, for example, the forming platform 22 is moved downwards by a layer of thickness of the forming powder, so that a layer of height difference of the forming powder can be formed between the surface of the forming platform 22 and the second partition plate, then the powder laying part is driven to move, when the powder supply unit 32 moves above the forming platform 22, the powder is discharged to the forming platform 22, then the flexible scraper 31 scrapes the discharged powder of the powder supply unit 32 flat, and the redundant powder in front of the flexible scraper 31 forms a powder pile. The residual powder recovery unit sucks the residual powder to avoid the powder pile from being excessively large, and to avoid the resistance to the movement of the flexible scraper 31 from being excessively large.
The 3D printer of this embodiment has so beneficial effect:
supply powder once of powder box, can satisfy the multilayer and spread the powder demand, need not to spread powder back supply powder at each layer, can shorten the accumulation and supply the powder, spread the powder time, promote the overall efficiency of powder bed 3D printer, surplus powder recovery unit not only can be at the powder in-process of spreading, pile up the powder of enlarging with surplus powder and take back to the powder box with cyclic utilization, can will remain when returning first end after spreading the powder end and take back to the powder box in flexible scraper the place ahead, make whole shop's powder process not produce surplus powder. Moreover, low-force self-adaptive powder spreading is realized in the powder spreading process, the structure is reasonable, the powder spreading force is small, the condition that the unfinished cured materials are protruded above the powder plane can be self-adaptively treated, and the powder spreading machine is easy to popularize and apply in powder bed 3D printing equipment of various specifications.
To sum up, the 3D printer solves the problems that when a laser, an electron beam and a micro-droplet injection device are adopted to treat a continuous large powder area, the curing volume shrinks, especially the transverse shrinkage easily causes the cured material sheet to warp and protrude above the powder plane, and then the protrusion interferes with the powder spreading device when the next layer of powder is spread, so that the unfinished cured material shifts or the powder spreading device is damaged. In addition, the problem that the powder spreading device can not guarantee that the powder pile is too large when pushing the powder pile to move forward due to the fact that single-layer powder is supplied once is solved, disturbance of the powder spreading process on unfinished solidified material resources is fully reduced, mechanical interference between the unfinished solidified material resources and the powder spreading device is prevented, and the flatness of a newly spread powder plane is guaranteed.
The features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the features in the above-described embodiments are not described, but should be construed as being within the scope of the present disclosure as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the features.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and that suitable changes and modifications of the above embodiments are within the scope of the claimed invention as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A3D printer, comprising:
a mounting frame (10);
a forming cylinder (20), said forming cylinder (20) comprising a forming housing (21) and a forming platform (22), said forming housing (21) being disposed on said mounting frame (10), said forming platform (22) being reciprocally movably disposed on said forming housing (21) along a first direction;
shop's powder portion, but shop's powder portion sets up along second direction reciprocating motion on mounting bracket (10), shop's powder portion includes flexible scraper (31), supplies powder unit (32) and surplus powder recovery unit, supply powder unit (32) to be located flexible scraper (31) with between the surplus powder recovery unit when shop's powder portion removes, supply powder unit (32) to form platform (22) upper berth is established into the powder that takes shape, flexible scraper (31) will the shaping powder is strickleed off, surplus powder recovery unit absorbs flexible scraper (31) are strickleed off the surplus powder of shaping powder in-process.
2. The 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that the powder supply unit (32) comprises:
the powder box (321) is arranged on the mounting rack (10) in a reciprocating manner along the second direction through a driving assembly, and a powder outlet is formed in the powder box (321);
and the powder outlet assembly is arranged at a powder outlet of the powder box (321) and conveys the formed powder in the powder box (321) to the outside of the powder box (321).
3. The 3D printer of claim 2, wherein the toner out assembly comprises:
the powder outlet roller (322) is rotatably arranged at the powder outlet, and a plurality of powder grooves (3221) are formed in the circumferential direction of the powder outlet roller (322);
and the powder discharging motor (323) is arranged on the powder box (321) and connected with the powder discharging roller (322) to drive the powder discharging roller (322) to rotate, so that the powder groove (3221) and the formed powder in the powder groove (3221) move from the inside of the powder box (321) to the outside of the powder box (321).
4. The 3D printer according to claim 3, further comprising a controller (40), wherein the controller (40) is electrically connected to the powder discharging motor (323) and the driving component (324) of the powder box (321), respectively, and controls the rotation speed of the powder discharging motor (323) according to the moving speed of the powder box (321) to control the powder discharging speed of the powder discharging roller.
5. The 3D printer of claim 4, wherein the powder spreading portion further comprises a gravity sensor (51), the gravity sensor (51) being disposed on the powder container (321) and electrically connected to the controller (40) to transmit a detected gravity signal of the powder container (321) to the controller (40), the controller (40) determining a shaped powder inventory in the powder container (321) from the gravity signal.
6. The 3D printer according to claim 5, further comprising a powder storage part, wherein the powder storage part is arranged on the mounting frame (10), the powder storage part comprises a powder outlet channel (61) and a control valve (62), when the powder spreading part is in the first position, the powder outlet channel (61) is matched with a powder inlet (3211) on the powder box (321), the control valve (62) is connected with the controller (40), and the controller (40) controls the control valve (62) to be opened or closed according to the gravity signal so as to open or close the powder outlet channel (61).
7. The 3D printer according to any one of claims 2-6, wherein a powder homogenizing mechanism is arranged in the powder box (321), the powder homogenizing mechanism comprises a powder homogenizing plate (71), the powder homogenizing plate (71) is arranged in the powder box (321) in a reciprocating manner, and a plurality of powder homogenizing holes are sequentially arranged on the powder homogenizing plate (71) at intervals to disperse the formed powder in the powder box (321).
8. The 3D printer according to claim 3, characterized in that a sealing structure is arranged on the powder outlet for sealing a gap between the powder outlet roller (322) and the powder outlet.
9. The 3D printer of claim 2, wherein the residual toner recovery unit comprises:
the powder suction device (81) is arranged on the powder box (321), the powder suction device (81) is provided with a powder suction port (811), and the height of the powder suction port (811) is higher than that of the powder outlet;
inhale powder cover (82), inhale powder cover (82) and connect inhale powder mouth (811) of powder ware (81), inhale the cross-sectional area of powder cover (82) along keeping away from gradually inhale the direction of powder mouth (811) and increase gradually.
10. A powder laying method of a 3D printer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
controlling a forming platform (22) of the 3D printer to move a layer of forming powder to be laid in a first direction;
driving a powder laying part of the 3D printer to move along a second direction, enabling a powder supply unit (32) of the powder laying part to lay forming powder on the forming platform (22), enabling a flexible scraper (31) of the powder laying part to scrape the forming powder flat, and forming residual powder in front of the flexible scraper (31) moving along the second direction;
the residual powder recovery unit of the powder spreading part is driven to suck at least part of the residual powder so as to reduce the resistance of the flexible scraper (31) to move.
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| CN114289738A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-04-08 | 四川工程职业技术学院 | Metal part additive forming system and method |
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Application publication date: 20210112 |