CN112207515A - Method for machining small-diameter deep inclined hole in thin-wall component - Google Patents
Method for machining small-diameter deep inclined hole in thin-wall component Download PDFInfo
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- CN112207515A CN112207515A CN202011034751.7A CN202011034751A CN112207515A CN 112207515 A CN112207515 A CN 112207515A CN 202011034751 A CN202011034751 A CN 202011034751A CN 112207515 A CN112207515 A CN 112207515A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing a small-diameter deep inclined hole on a thin-wall component, which comprises the following steps of; a plurality of cooling channels are arranged on the bottom plate along the axial direction, and brazing filler metal is preset on the ribs between the adjacent cooling channels; placing a cover plate above the bottom plate, and welding the ribs between the cover plate and the adjacent cooling channels of the bottom plate into an integral structure through vacuum brazing; selecting a position to be processed with a deep inclined hole on the integral structural member, and forming an inclined hole with a hole diameter larger than the design requirement of the hole diameter of the deep inclined hole on the rib; installing a hollow embedded pipe in the inclined hole, and respectively welding the side wall surfaces at two ends of the embedded pipe with the cover plate and the bottom plate through vacuum brazing; and cutting the parts of the embedded pipes extending out of the cover plate and the bottom plate to enable the two end surfaces of the embedded pipes to be flush with the end surfaces of the bottom plate and the cover plate of the thin-wall component respectively. The invention has convenient operation, reduces the processing difficulty, prevents the deep inclined hole and the cooling channel from crossing the cavity and meets the design requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aerospace equipment processing, in particular to a method for processing a small-diameter deep inclined hole in a thin-wall component.
Background
Because aerospace equipment is usually required to bear severe working conditions of high pressure and high temperature exceeding 2100 ℃; in order to increase the service life of aircraft structural components at high temperatures and pressures, cooling structures with a plurality of cooling channels are generally designed into the structural components. On special equipment, deep inclined holes which cannot be connected with the cooling channels in series are required to be processed on ribs of adjacent cooling channels, the diameter of each deep inclined hole is required to be about 0.3mm, and the depth of each inclined hole is 25 mm; because the aperture is very small, the depth is very deep, and the processing is also oblique, the processing reaches the limit processing capability of a five-axis electric spark machine tool, and the processing difficulty is very high. In addition, the direct machining of the deep inclined hole with the small diameter can cause cavity crossing risk with a runner groove on the workpiece, and design requirements cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing the method for processing the small-diameter deep inclined hole on the thin-wall component, which has the advantages of convenient operation, reduction of processing difficulty, prevention of cavity crossing of the deep inclined hole and the cooling channel and satisfaction of design requirements.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for processing a small-diameter deep inclined hole on a thin-wall component comprises the following steps:
(1) a plurality of cooling channels are axially arranged on a bottom plate of the thin-wall component, and brazing filler metal is preset on ribs between the adjacent cooling channels;
(2) placing a cover plate above a bottom plate of the thin-wall assembly, and welding the cover plate and the ribs on the bottom plate into an integral structural member through vacuum brazing;
(3) selecting the position of a deep inclined hole to be processed on the integral structural member, and arranging inclined holes which sequentially penetrate through the cover plate, the ribs and the bottom plate on the ribs; the aperture of the inclined hole is larger than the design requirement of the aperture of the deep inclined hole;
(4) installing a hollow embedded pipe in the inclined hole, coating pasty brazing filler metal on the side wall surfaces of two ends of the embedded pipe, which are contacted with the cover plate and the bottom plate, and respectively welding the side wall surfaces of the two ends of the embedded pipe with the cover plate and the bottom plate through vacuum brazing;
(5) and cutting the parts of the embedded pipes extending out of the cover plate and the bottom plate to enable the two end surfaces of the embedded pipes to be flush with the end surfaces of the bottom plate and the cover plate of the thin-wall component respectively.
Furthermore, the diameter of the inclined hole is 0.4-0.7 mm, the inclination angle of the inclined hole is 10-25 degrees, and the depth of the inclined hole is 15-25 mm.
Furthermore, the width of the rib is 1-3 mm.
Furthermore, the width of the cooling channel is 1-3 mm.
Furthermore, the paste solder is HBNi82 CrSiB.
Furthermore, the inner diameter of the embedded pipe is 0.3-0.5 mm.
Further, the vacuum brazing operation in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) vacuumizing the vacuum furnace to make the vacuum degree in the furnace reach 1X 10-2Pa；
(2) Filling high-purity argon into the furnace, and enabling the vacuum degree in the furnace to be 50-150 Pa;
(3) heating to 350-450 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 60 min;
(4) heating to 600-700 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, carrying out partial pressure of 5pa, and carrying out heat preservation for 60 min;
(5) heating to 800-900 ℃ at the speed of 90 ℃/h, carrying out partial pressure of 30pa, and carrying out heat preservation for 240 min;
(6) heating to 1020-1050 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, carrying out vacuum brazing at the partial pressure of 50pa for 4-6 h.
Further, after the vacuum brazing is finished, the temperature is controlled and cooled to 700 ℃ at the speed of 90 ℃/h, the pressure dividing valve is closed, the furnace vacuum cooling gas is cooled to 200 ℃ along with the furnace vacuum cooling gas, and high-purity argon is filled, so that the pressure in the furnace reaches 9 multiplied by 104And Pa, cooling the integral structural member of the bottom plate and the cover plate to 65 ℃ and discharging.
Furthermore, the cover plate and the bottom plate are made of GH 3128.
Furthermore, the material of the embedded pipe is GH 3128.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention discloses a method for processing a small-diameter deep inclined hole on a thin-wall component, which adopts a 'buried pipe' processing method, firstly, selecting the position of the deep inclined hole to be processed on an integral structural member, and arranging an inclined hole with the aperture larger than the aperture design requirement of the deep inclined hole on a rib; and then installing the hollow embedded pipe in the inclined hole, respectively welding the side wall surfaces at two ends of the embedded pipe with the cover plate and the bottom plate, and then cutting to remove the part of the embedded pipe extending out of the thin-wall component. The design requires that the deep inclined hole can not be communicated with the cooling channel, the diameter of the deep inclined hole is small, the depth is deep, and the deep inclined hole is also obliquely drilled, so that the processing difficulty is high; the invention overcomes the technical prejudice that the small-diameter deep inclined hole is difficult to process, and reduces the processing difficulty of the deep inclined hole by a 'pipe burying' mode; the invention has convenient operation, solves the technical problem by a method of firstly opening the inclined hole and then welding the embedded pipe, welds the side wall surfaces at two ends of the embedded pipe with the cover plate and the bottom plate respectively through vacuum brazing, ensures the integrity of the thin-wall assembly through fine welding, and simultaneously fundamentally avoids the cavity crossing risk between the deep inclined hole and the runner groove.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a slanted hole in a thin-walled component according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a bottom plate, 2 is a cover plate, and 3 is a pre-buried pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.
A method for processing a small-diameter deep inclined hole on a thin-wall component comprises the following steps:
(1) a plurality of cooling channels are arranged on a bottom plate 1 of the thin-wall component along the axial direction, and brazing filler metal is preset on ribs between adjacent cooling channels;
(2) placing a cover plate 2 above a bottom plate 1 of the thin-wall component, and welding the cover plate 2 and ribs on the bottom plate 1 into an integral structural member through vacuum brazing;
(3) selecting the position of a deep inclined hole to be processed on the integral structural member, and arranging inclined holes which sequentially penetrate through the cover plate, the ribs and the bottom plate on the ribs; the aperture of the inclined hole is larger than the design requirement of the aperture of the deep inclined hole;
(4) installing a hollow embedded pipe 3 in the inclined hole, coating pasty brazing filler metal on the side wall surfaces of two ends of the embedded pipe 3, which are contacted with the cover plate 2 and the bottom plate 1, and respectively welding the side wall surfaces of two ends of the embedded pipe 3 with the cover plate 2 and the bottom plate 1 through vacuum brazing;
(5) and cutting parts of two ends of the embedded pipe 3 extending out of the cover plate 2 and the bottom plate 1 to enable two end faces of the embedded pipe 3 to be flush with the end faces of the bottom plate 1 and the cover plate 2 of the thin-wall component respectively.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural view of the small-diameter deep inclined hole of the present invention is shown. Further, the diameter of the inclined hole is 0.4-0.7 mm, the inclination angle of the inclined hole is 10-25 degrees, and the depth of the inclined hole is 15-25 mm; specifically, in this embodiment, the diameter of the inclined hole is 0.5mm, the inclination angle of the inclined hole is 15 °, and the depth of the inclined hole is 21 mm.
Because the cooling channel and the deep inclined hole can not be communicated with each other due to special process requirements, and because the aperture of the inclined hole is very small, the depth of the inclined hole is very deep, and the inclined hole is also oblique, and the processing difficulty is very large, the invention adopts the processing process method of 'pipe embedding', firstly, the aperture required by design is enlarged, the inclined hole with the aperture larger than the aperture required by the design of the deep inclined hole is arranged on the rib, the hollow embedded pipe 3 is inserted into the inclined hole, two end faces of the embedded pipe 3 are respectively welded with the cover plate 2 and the bottom plate 1, and then the part of the embedded pipe 3 higher than the thin-wall component is cut off by adopting a wire cutting method. The invention overcomes the technical prejudice that the small-diameter deep inclined hole is difficult to process, and reduces the processing difficulty of the deep inclined hole by a 'pipe burying' mode; the invention has convenient operation and fundamentally avoids the cavity crossing risk between the deep inclined hole and the runner groove.
Furthermore, the width of the rib is 1-3 mm.
Furthermore, the width of the cooling channel is 1-3 mm.
Furthermore, the paste solder is HBNi82 CrSiB.
Further, the inner diameter of the embedded pipe 3 is 0.3-0.5 mm. The embedded pipe 3 is a high-temperature alloy pipe, a central hole is longitudinally formed in the embedded pipe, and the aperture of the central hole is 0.3-0.5 mm. The rib between the adjacent cooling channels is longitudinally provided with the inclined hole penetrating through the cover plate, and the hollow embedded pipe 3 is arranged in the inclined hole, so that the processing difficulty is reduced.
Further, the vacuum brazing operation in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) vacuumizing the vacuum furnace to make the vacuum degree in the furnace reach 1X 10-2Pa；
(2) Filling high-purity argon into the furnace to ensure that the vacuum degree in the furnace is 50-150 Pa;
(3) heating to 350-450 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 60 min;
(4) heating to 600-700 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, carrying out partial pressure of 5pa, and carrying out heat preservation for 60 min;
(5) heating to 800-900 ℃ at the speed of 90 ℃/h, carrying out partial pressure of 30pa, and carrying out heat preservation for 240 min;
(6) heating to 1020-1050 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, carrying out vacuum brazing at the partial pressure of 50pa for 4-6 h.
Specifically, during vacuum brazing, a furnace door is opened, a structural part is placed in an effective uniform temperature zone in a vacuum brazing furnace, and the furnace door is immediately closed; vacuumizing to make the vacuum degree in the furnace reach 1X 10-2Pa, preventing Mn and Cu elements in the brazing filler metal from volatilizing; filling high-purity argon into the vacuum furnace to ensure that the vacuum degree in the furnace is 50-150 Pa; and starting temperature programming, and starting vacuum brazing when the temperature in the furnace rises to 1020-1050 ℃.
It should be noted that, in the step (4), the side wall surfaces at both ends of the embedded pipe 3 are respectively welded with the cover plate 2 and the base plate 1 by vacuum brazing, and the operation steps of the vacuum brazing are the same as the step of the vacuum brazing in the rib welding of the cover plate 2 and the base plate 1 in the step (2).
Further, after the vacuum brazing is finished, the temperature is controlled and cooled to 700 ℃ at the speed of 90 ℃/h, the pressure dividing valve is closed, the furnace vacuum cooling gas is cooled to 200 ℃ along with the furnace vacuum cooling gas, and high-purity argon is filled, so that the pressure in the furnace reaches 9 multiplied by 104And Pa, discharging the furnace when the integral structural parts of the bottom plate 1 and the cover plate 2 are cooled to 65 ℃.
Furthermore, the cover plate 2 and the bottom plate 1 are made of GH 3128.
Further, the material of embedded pipe 3 be GH3128, the material of embedded pipe 3 is the same with the material of apron 2 and bottom plate 1, high temperature resistance is good.
According to the technical scheme, the invention provides a method for processing a small-diameter deep inclined hole on a thin-wall assembly, which adopts a 'buried pipe' processing method, firstly, the position of the deep inclined hole to be processed is selected on an integral structural member, and an inclined hole with the aperture larger than the aperture design requirement of the deep inclined hole is formed on a rib; then, the hollow embedded pipe 3 is installed in the inclined hole, the side wall surfaces at two ends of the embedded pipe are respectively welded with the cover plate 2 and the bottom plate 1, and then the part of the embedded pipe 3 extending out of the thin-wall component is cut and removed. Because the deep inclined hole can not be communicated with the cooling channel cavity, the diameter of the deep inclined hole is about 0.3mm, the hole diameter is very small, the depth is very deep, and the deep inclined hole is also inclined, so that the processing difficulty is very high; the invention overcomes the technical prejudice that the small-diameter deep inclined hole is difficult to process, and reduces the processing difficulty of the deep inclined hole by a 'pipe burying' mode; the invention has convenient operation, solves the technical problem by a method of firstly opening the inclined hole and then welding the embedded pipe 3, welds the side wall surfaces at two ends of the embedded pipe 3 with the cover plate 2 and the bottom plate 1 respectively through vacuum brazing, ensures the integrity of the thin-wall assembly through fine welding, and simultaneously fundamentally stops the cavity crossing risk between the deep inclined hole and the runner groove.
The embodiments given above are preferable examples for implementing the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any non-essential addition and replacement made by the technical characteristics of the technical scheme of the invention by a person skilled in the art belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for processing a small-diameter deep inclined hole on a thin-wall component is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) a plurality of cooling channels are axially arranged on a bottom plate of the thin-wall component, and brazing filler metal is preset on ribs between the adjacent cooling channels;
(2) placing a cover plate above a bottom plate of the thin-wall assembly, and welding the cover plate and the ribs on the bottom plate into an integral structural member through vacuum brazing;
(3) selecting the position of a deep inclined hole to be processed on the integral structural member, and arranging inclined holes which sequentially penetrate through the cover plate, the ribs and the bottom plate on the ribs; the aperture of the inclined hole is larger than the design requirement of the aperture of the deep inclined hole;
(4) installing a hollow embedded pipe in the inclined hole, coating pasty brazing filler metal on the side wall surfaces of two ends of the embedded pipe, which are contacted with the cover plate and the bottom plate, and respectively welding the side wall surfaces of the two ends of the embedded pipe with the cover plate and the bottom plate through vacuum brazing;
(5) and cutting the parts of the embedded pipes extending out of the cover plate and the bottom plate to enable the two end surfaces of the embedded pipes to be flush with the end surfaces of the bottom plate and the cover plate of the thin-wall component respectively.
2. The method for machining the small-diameter deep inclined hole in the thin-wall component according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the inclined hole is 0.4-0.7 mm, the inclination angle of the inclined hole is 10-25 degrees, and the depth of the inclined hole is 15-25 mm.
3. The method for machining the small-diameter deep inclined hole in the thin-wall component according to claim 1, wherein the width of the rib is 1-3 mm.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the cooling channel has a width of 1-3 mm.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the paste braze is HBNi82 CrSiB.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the pre-buried pipe is 0.3-0.5 mm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (2) of vacuum brazing comprises the steps of:
(1) vacuumizing the vacuum furnace to make the vacuum degree in the furnace reach 1X 10-2Pa；
(2) Filling high-purity argon into the furnace, and enabling the vacuum degree in the furnace to be 50-150 Pa;
(3) heating to 350-450 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 60 min;
(4) heating to 600-700 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, carrying out partial pressure of 5pa, and carrying out heat preservation for 60 min;
(5) heating to 800-900 ℃ at the speed of 90 ℃/h, carrying out partial pressure of 30pa, and carrying out heat preservation for 240 min;
(6) heating to 1020-1050 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, carrying out vacuum brazing at the partial pressure of 50pa for 4-6 h.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein after the vacuum brazing is completed, the thin-walled component is cooled to 700 ℃ at a rate of 90 ℃/h, the pressure dividing valve is closed, and the furnace vacuum cooling gas is cooled to 200 ℃ and filled with high-purity argon gas, so that the pressure in the furnace reaches 9 x 104And Pa, cooling the integral structural member of the bottom plate and the cover plate to 65 ℃ and discharging.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cover plate and the base plate are made of GH 3128.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-buried pipe is made of GH 3128.
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