CN112203169B - Optical switching device based on waveguide matrix structure - Google Patents
Optical switching device based on waveguide matrix structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112203169B CN112203169B CN202010964794.9A CN202010964794A CN112203169B CN 112203169 B CN112203169 B CN 112203169B CN 202010964794 A CN202010964794 A CN 202010964794A CN 112203169 B CN112203169 B CN 112203169B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/29361—Interference filters, e.g. multilayer coatings, thin film filters, dichroic splitters or mirrors based on multilayers, WDM filters
- G02B6/29362—Serial cascade of filters or filtering operations, e.g. for a large number of channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, and provides an optical switching device based on a waveguide matrix structure. The n × n optical switching apparatus includes: n + 1-level optical switch assemblies, wherein each level of optical switch assembly consists of n optical switch units or 2n optical switch units; in the front n-1-level optical switch assembly, a 1-level optical splitter assembly is arranged in front of each level of optical switch unit in a matched manner, and the optical splitter assembly consists of n 1 multiplied by 2 optical splitters; the optical switch components of each stage are cascaded, the optical splitter components of each stage are cascaded, and the optical switch components of each stage are coupled with the optical splitter components of each stage. The invention can reduce the complexity of the optical switching unit and the number of waveguide cross points; the miniaturized packaging requirement of CDC-ROADM is met, and the performance of the module is improved.
Description
[ technical field ] A
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to an optical switching device based on a waveguide matrix structure.
[ background of the invention ]
In the specific service requirement level of 5G development in the future, as the number of network nodes is multiplied, network management and control become a bottleneck problem. The ROADM is used as a core system of the network nodes, optical layer direct connection between the network nodes can be realized, signal time delay is greatly reduced, and the development direction of 5G is met. As core nodes of a backbone network and a metropolitan area network, a ROADM system in the 5G era needs to have three characteristics of wavelength independence (colorless), direction independence (directionless) and contention independence (contentionless) at the same time. However, how to design the optical waveguide matrix structure in the optical switching unit is the key for the ROADM to realize the "three-none" feature, i.e. CDC-ROADM.
The optical switching unit is a core component of the CDC-ROADM system, and the next-generation CDC-ROADM network system has attracted general attention in the industry due to its significant characteristics of high intelligence, zero manual intervention, full remote automatic control, high speed, large capacity, and the like, and has a good market prospect in the future. At present, the optical exchange unit products in the market mainly adopt an MEMS scheme, but the scheme has the problems of no shock resistance, multiple fiber loss points and the like and poor reliability. As photonic integration technology has the advantages of low power consumption, low cost, high density, high reliability, etc., many manufacturers are interested in optical switching units formed by optical subsets, and the market demand is increased.
For example, as shown in fig. 1, to satisfy the requirement of "none or three" of ROADMs in the age of 5G, an 8 × 8 optical switching unit is currently mainly implemented by connecting 8 1 × 8 optical splitters and 8 × 1 optical switch matrices according to the following diagram. However, the configuration has the problems of large and scattered functional units, and extremely complex and large structural layout of the whole functional unit; optical path connections among the functional units are crisscrossed, and cross points are extremely unevenly distributed, so that a large amount of aggregation even in a short distance occurs at the cross points of local areas (such as the area marked by a frame icon in fig. 2).
Such a large and complicated configuration causes the following problems:
if the optical switching unit with the structure adopts the technical scheme of interconnection of discrete components and optical fibers, optical fiber welding spots and connecting points are extremely numerous, fiber coiling is extremely troublesome during production, and the product reliability is extremely low; rapid mass production at low cost is not possible; if the waveguide integration scheme is adopted, the design size of the waveguide chip is extremely large, the number of the waveguide chips which can be accommodated by a single wafer is small, and the unit manufacturing cost of the waveguide chip is high.
The huge waveguide size and pattern distribution area bring huge challenges to subsequent coupling packaging, and the trend of CDC-ROADM miniaturization and low power consumption can not be met. Such many intersections will rapidly increase the loss of each channel and crosstalk of signals of the optical switch unit, and the performance index of the switch unit cannot meet the use requirement of CDC-ROADM.
In view of the above, overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art is an urgent problem in the art.
[ summary of the invention ]
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is that huge waveguide size and pattern distribution area bring huge challenges to subsequent coupling packaging, and the trend of CDC-ROADM miniaturization and low power consumption can not be met. Such many intersections will rapidly increase the loss of each channel and crosstalk of signals of the optical switch unit, and the performance index of the switch unit cannot meet the use requirement of CDC-ROADM.
The embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an optical switching device based on a waveguide matrix structure, which comprises:
n + 1-level optical switch assemblies, wherein each level of optical switch assembly consists of n optical switch units or 2n optical switch units;
in the front n-1-level optical switch assembly, a 1-level optical splitter assembly is arranged in front of each level of optical switch unit in a matched manner, and the optical splitter assembly consists of n 1 multiplied by 2 optical splitters;
the optical switch components of each stage are cascaded, the optical splitter components of each stage are cascaded, and the optical switch components of each stage are coupled with the optical splitter components of each stage.
Preferably, the n + 1-stage optical switch assembly, wherein each stage of optical switch assembly is composed of n optical switch units or 2n optical switch units, specifically includes:
the 1 st-stage switch assembly and the n +1 th-stage switch assembly are respectively formed by arranging n switch units, and the 2 nd-stage switch assembly to the nth-stage switch assembly are respectively formed by arranging 2n switch units to form an intermediate array.
Preferably, the optical switching apparatus specifically includes:
each 1 × 2 optical splitter is arranged in front of each switching unit of the 1 st-stage switching assembly and comprises an optical splitter S (1,1) 、S (1,2) 、S (1,3) 、S (1,4) 、S (1,5) 、S (1,6) 、S (1,7) And S (1,8) And the first light outlet of the corresponding optical splitter is connected with one path of light inlet of the corresponding switch unit by an optical path; the second light outlet of each corresponding optical splitter is S (1,1) To S (1,8) Respectively connected with the next 1X 2 optical splitter S (2,1) 、S (2,5) 、S (2,4) 、S (2,9) 、S (2,8) 、S (2,13) 、S (2,12) And S (2,16) The light inlets are connected;
wherein, S represents 1 × 2 optical branching devices, wherein the first numerical value in the subscript represents the stage number of the corresponding switch assembly where the optical branching device is located, and the second numerical value in the subscript represents the arrangement serial number of the switch unit associated with the position where the optical branching device is located in the corresponding switch assembly;
switch unit C of 2 nd-stage switch assembly (2,1) 、C (2,4) 、C (2,5) 、C (2,8) 、C (2,9) 、C (2,12) 、C (2,13) 、C (2,16) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 3 rd-level switch assembly (3,2) 、C (3,3) 、C (3,6) 、C (3,7) 、C (3,10) 、C (3,11) 、C (3,14) 、C (3,15) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 4 th-stage switch assembly (4,1) 、C (4,4) 、C (4,5) 、C (4,8) 、C (4,9) 、C (4,12) 、C (4,13) 、C (4,16) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 5 th-stage switch assembly (5,2) 、C (5,3) 、C (5,6) 、C (5,7) 、C (5,10) 、C (5,11) 、C (5,14) 、C (5,15) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 6 th-stage switch assembly (6,1) 、C (6,4) 、C (6,5) 、C (6,8) 、C (6,9) 、C (6,12) 、C (6,13) 、C (6,16) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 7 th-stage switch assembly (7,2) 、C (7,3) 、C (7,6) 、C (7,7) 、C (7,10) 、C (7,11) 、C (7,14) 、C (7,15) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,1) 、C (8,4) 、C (8,5) 、C (8,8) 、C (8,9) 、C (8,12) 、C (8,13) 、C (8,16) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
wherein, C represents a switch unit, wherein the first numerical value in the subscript represents the stage number of the switch assembly in which the switch unit is positioned, and the second numerical value in the subscript represents the arrangement serial number of the switch unit in the corresponding switch assembly; the serial numbers of the optical branching devices and the serial numbers of the associated switch units are consistent;
the first light outlet of the optical splitter corresponding to the previous-stage switch assembly in the middle array is connected with the light inlet of the switch unit associated with the first light outlet; the second light outlet of the optical splitter corresponding to the previous-stage switch assembly meets the requirement of establishing optical path connection with the light inlet of the optical splitter with the serial number of 2 or-2 deviated from the serial number in the next-stage switch assembly, and in the optical splitter corresponding to the same-stage switch assembly, the deviation directions of the optical path connection established by each adjacent optical splitter to the optical splitter of the next-stage switch assembly are opposite;
when the deflection direction of the optical splitter is about to reach the top or bottom optical splitter of the middle array and the optical path connection cannot be established at the light inlet of the optical splitter deflected by 2 or-2, the optical path connection is established with the optical splitter positioned at the top or bottom in the next-stage switch component, and then the optical path connection is established in a mode of connecting the light inlets of the optical splitters deflected by-2 or 2 in a reverse manner in series.
Preferably, the switching unit C of the 8 th-stage switching assembly (8,1) And C (8,3) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,1) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,2) And C (8,4) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,2) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,5) And C (8,7) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,3) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,6) And C (8,8) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,4) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,9) And C (8,11) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,5) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,10) And C (8,12) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,6) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,13) And C (8,15) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,7) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,14) And C (8,16) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,8) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path.
Preferably, the second light outlet of the optical splitter meets the requirement of establishing optical path connection with the light inlet of the optical splitter with the serial number deviated by 2 or-2 in the next-stage switch assembly, specifically, the optical splitter S in the middle array (2,1) The optical path connection is represented as:
optical splitter S (2,1) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (3,3) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (3,3) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (4,5) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (4,5) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (5,7) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (5,7) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (6,9) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (6,9) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (7,11) The light inlets are connected;
said light is divided intoRoad device S (7,11) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (8,13) The light inlets are connected;
therein, an optical splitter S (2,1) 、S (3,3) 、S (4,5) 、S (5,7) 、S (6,9) 、S (7,11) And S (8,13) In the established optical path connection, the skew value between the second numerical values in the subscripts among the optical splitters is 2.
Preferably, in the optical splitters corresponding to the same-stage switching component, the deflection directions of the optical path connections established by each adjacent optical splitter to the optical splitter of the next-stage switching component are opposite; when the deflection direction of the optical splitter is about to reach the top or bottom optical splitter of the middle array and the optical path connection cannot be established at the light inlet of the optical splitter with the deflection 2 or-2, the optical path connection is established with the optical splitter positioned at the top or bottom in the next-stage switch component, and then the optical path connection is established in a mode of connecting the light inlets of the optical splitters with the reverse deflection-2 or 2 in series, specifically, the optical splitter S in the middle array (2,4) The optical path connection is represented as:
optical splitter S (2,4) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (3,2) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (3,2) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (4,1) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (4,1) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (5,3) Are connected with each other;
the optical splitter S (5,3) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (6,5) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (6,5) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (7,7) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (7,7) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (8,9) The light inlets are connected;
therein, an optical splitter S (2,4) 、S (3,2) 、S (4,1) 、S (5,3) 、S (6,5) 、S (7,7) And S (8,9) In the established optical path connection, the optical splitter S (2,4) And S (3,2) With a skew value of-2, the optical splitter S (3,2) And S (4,1) With a skew value of-1, the optical splitter S (4,1) 、S (5,3) 、S (6,5) 、S (7,7) And S (8,9) The skew value between each two is 2.
Preferably, the switching unit C of the 3 rd stage switching assembly (3,1) 、C (3,4) 、C (3,5) 、C (3,8) 、C (3,9) 、C (3,12) 、C (3,13) 、C (3,16) Respective first light inlet and second light inlet are used, wherein the first light inlet is connected with a light outlet of a switch unit with the same serial number as the previous stage switch unit through a light path; and the corresponding second light inlet is respectively connected with the light outlet of the corresponding switch unit in the previous stage of switch assembly in a light path way in which the deflection values are 2 and-2 which are mutually alternated from top to bottom.
Preferably, the optical switch is a balanced MZI structure optical switch, 4 individual MZIs are combined into a 2 × 2 matrix structure, and the 2 × 2 matrix structure is used as a switch unit.
Preferably, the switch unit is a half-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structured optical switch, and the half-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structured optical switch includes:
two MZIs are cascaded, and a second output port of a previous MZI is cascaded with a second input port of a next MZI; taking a first input port of a previous-stage MZI as a first input port of the semi-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structured optical switch; taking a first input port of a next-stage MZI as a second input port of the semi-cascaded 2 multiplied by 2MZI structured optical switch; and meanwhile, taking the first output port of the previous stage MZI as the first output port of the semi-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structured optical switch, and taking the first output port of the next stage MZI as the second output port of the semi-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structured optical switch.
Preferably, the 1 × 2 optical splitter is configured to complete a 1: a split ratio of 7, wherein 1/8 optical power enters the switching circuit and 7/8 optical power enters the optical path established by each splitter.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the waveguide integration technology and optimizes the waveguide structure of the current mainstream optical switching unit, thereby reducing the size of the optical switching unit and the complexity of waveguide connection.
The optimization idea embodied in the preferred implementation is: the functions realized by 8X 1 optical switch matrixes are realized by 1 8X 8 optical switch matrix, and 8 1X 8 optical splitters are fused into the 8X 8 optical switch matrix, so that the complexity of an optical switching unit can be reduced, and the number of waveguide intersections can also be reduced; the miniaturized packaging requirement of CDC-ROADM is met, and the performance of the module is improved.
[ description of the drawings ]
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an 8 × 8 optical switching unit in the prior art according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of criss-cross interleaving optical connections between functional units in an 8 × 8 optical switching unit structure in the prior art according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an optical path topology structure of an 8 × 8 waveguide chip based on a waveguide matrix structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an unbalanced 2 × 2MZI structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a balanced 2 × 2MZI structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a "semi-cascaded" 2 × 2MZI structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical splitter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "inner", "outer", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are for convenience only to describe the present invention without requiring the present invention to be necessarily constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1:
an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical switching apparatus based on a waveguide matrix structure, as shown in fig. 3, the n × n optical switching apparatus includes:
n + 1-level optical switch assemblies, wherein each level of optical switch assembly consists of n optical switch units or 2n optical switch units;
in the front n-1-level optical switch assembly, a 1-level optical splitter assembly is arranged in front of each level of optical switch unit in a matched manner, and the optical splitter assembly consists of n 1 multiplied by 2 optical splitters;
the optical switch components of each stage are cascaded, the optical splitter components of each stage are cascaded, and the optical switch components of each stage are coupled with the optical splitter components of each stage.
The embodiment of the invention adopts the waveguide integration technology, optimizes the waveguide structure of the current mainstream optical switching unit and reduces the size of the optical switching unit and the complexity of waveguide connection.
In a specific implementation manner of the present invention, the n + 1-stage optical switch assembly, where each stage of optical switch assembly is composed of n optical switch units or 2n optical switch units, specifically includes:
the 1 st-stage switch assembly and the n +1 th-stage switch assembly are respectively formed by arranging n switch units, and the 2 nd-stage switch assembly to the nth-stage switch assembly are respectively formed by arranging 2n switch units to form an intermediate array.
As shown in fig. 3, the optical switching apparatus specifically includes:
in an 8 × 8 optical switch device, a main architecture of the optical switch device is formed by 9 stages of switch modules, wherein, the 1 st stage of switch module and the 9 th stage of switch module are respectively formed by 8 switch unit arrangements, and the 2 nd stage of switch module to the 8 th stage of switch module are respectively formed by 16 switch unit arrangements to form an intermediate array, the optical switch device further includes:
each 1 × 2 optical splitter is arranged in front of each switching unit of the 1 st-stage switching assembly and comprises an optical splitter S (1,1) 、S (1,2) 、S (1,3) 、S (1,4) 、S (1,5) 、S (1,6) 、S (1,7) And S (1,8) And the first light outlet of the corresponding optical splitter is connected with one path of light inlet of the corresponding switch unit by an optical path; the second light outlet of each corresponding optical splitter is S (1,1) To S (1,8) Respectively connected with the next 1X 2 optical splitter S (2,1) 、S (2,5) 、S (2,4) 、S (2,9) 、S (2,8) 、S (2,13) 、S (2,12) And S (2,16) The light inlets are connected;
wherein, S represents 1 × 2 optical branching devices, wherein the first numerical value in the subscript represents the stage number of the corresponding switch assembly where the optical branching device is located, and the second numerical value in the subscript represents the arrangement serial number of the switch unit associated with the position where the optical branching device is located in the corresponding switch assembly;
switch unit C of 2 nd-stage switch assembly (2,1) 、C (2,4) 、C (2,5) 、C (2,8) 、C (2,9) 、C (2,12) 、C (2,13) 、C (2,16) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 3 rd-level switch assembly (3,2) 、C (3,3) 、C (3,6) 、C (3,7) 、C (3,10) 、C (3,11) 、C (3,14) 、C (3,15) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 4 th-stage switch assembly (4,1) 、C (4,4) 、C (4,5) 、C (4,8) 、C (4,9) 、C (4,12) 、C (4,13) 、C (4,16) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 5 th-stage switch assembly (5,2) 、C (5,3) 、C (5,6) 、C (5,7) 、C (5,10) 、C (5,11) 、C (5,14) 、C (5,15) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 6 th-stage switch assembly (6,1) 、C (6,4) 、C (6,5) 、C (6,8) 、C (6,9) 、C (6,12) 、C (6,13) 、C (6,16) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 7 th-stage switch assembly (7,2) 、C (7,3) 、C (7,6) 、C (7,7) 、C (7,10) 、C (7,11) 、C (7,14) 、C (7,15) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,1) 、C (8,4) 、C (8,5) 、C (8,8) 、C (8,9) 、C (8,12) 、C (8,13) 、C (8,16) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
wherein C represents a switch unit, wherein a first numerical value in the subscript represents the stage number of the switch assembly where the switch unit is located, and a second numerical value in the subscript represents the arrangement serial number of the switch unit in the corresponding switch assembly; the serial numbers of the optical branching devices and the serial numbers of the associated switch units are consistent;
the first light outlet of the optical splitter corresponding to the previous-stage switch assembly in the middle array is connected with the light inlet of the switch unit associated with the first light outlet; the second light outlet of the optical splitter corresponding to the previous-stage switch assembly meets the requirement of establishing optical path connection with the light inlet of the optical splitter with the serial number of 2 or-2 deviated from the serial number in the next-stage switch assembly, and in the optical splitter corresponding to the same-stage switch assembly, the deviation directions of the optical path connection established by each adjacent optical splitter to the optical splitter of the next-stage switch assembly are opposite;
when the deflection direction of the optical splitter is about to reach the top or bottom optical splitter of the middle array and the optical path connection cannot be established at the light inlet of the optical splitter deflected by 2 or-2, the optical path connection is established with the optical splitter positioned at the top or bottom in the next-stage switch component, and then the optical path connection is established in a mode of connecting the light inlets of the optical splitters deflected by-2 or 2 in a reverse manner in series.
The optimization idea of the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the functions realized by 8X 1 optical switch matrixes are realized by 1 8X 8 optical switch matrix, and 8 1X 8 optical splitters are fused into the 8X 8 optical switch matrix, so that the complexity of an optical switching unit can be reduced, and the number of waveguide intersections can also be reduced; the miniaturized packaging requirement of CDC-ROADM is met, and the performance of the module is improved.
As a more complete technical solution, as shown in fig. 3, the switch unit C of the 8 th-stage switch assembly in embodiment 1 (8,1) And C (8,3) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,1) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,2) And C (8,4) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,2) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,5) And C (8,7) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,3) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,6) And C (8,8) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,4) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,9) And C (8,11) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,5) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,10) And C (8,12) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,6) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,13) And C (8,15) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,7) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,14) And C (8,16) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,8) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path.
In the embodiment of the invention, the second light outlet of most of the optical splitters meets the requirement of establishing optical path connection with the light inlet of the optical splitter with the serial number of 2 or-2 deviating from the serial number in the next-stage switch assembly, particularly the optical splitter S in the middle array (2,1) The optical path connection is taken as an example and is represented as follows:
optical splitter S (2,1) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (3,3) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (3,3) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (4,5) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (4,5) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (5,7) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (5,7) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (6,9) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (6,9) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (7,11) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (7,11) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (8,13) The light inlets are connected;
therein, an optical splitter S (2,1) 、S (3,3) 、S (4,5) 、S (5,7) 、S (6,9) 、S (7,11) And S (8,13) In the established optical path connection, the skew value between the second numerical values in the subscripts among the optical splitters is 2.
The behavior of the optical splitter which completes the skew 2 or-2 of the conventional optical path has been described above, but as shown in fig. 3, there are several optical paths which do not regularly complete the skew 2 or-2, as described in embodiment 1, in the optical splitter corresponding to the same stage of switching component, the skew direction of the optical path connection established by each adjacent optical splitter to the optical splitter of the next stage of switching component is opposite; when the deflection direction of the optical splitter is about to reach the top or bottom optical splitter of the middle array and the optical path connection cannot be established between the optical splitter and the top or bottom optical splitter in the next-stage switch assembly, the optical path connection is established in a serial connection mode between the optical splitter and the top or bottom optical splitter in the next-stage switch assembly, the optical path connection is established between the optical splitter and the top or bottom optical splitter in the reverse deflection-2 or 2 optical splitter, and then the optical splitter S in the middle array is connected with the optical splitter S in the middle array (2,4) The optical path is taken as an example, and the connection is represented as follows:
optical splitter S (2,4) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (3,2) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (3,2) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (4,1) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (4,1) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (5,3) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (5,3) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (6,5) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (6,5) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (7,7) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (7,7) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (8,9) The light inlets are connected;
therein, an optical splitter S (2,4) 、S (3,2) 、S (4,1) 、S (5,3) 、S (6,5) 、S (7,7) And S (8,9) In the established optical path connection, the optical splitter S (2,4) And S (3,2) With a skew value of-2, the optical splitter S (3,2) And S (4,1) With a skew value of-1, the optical splitter S (4,1) 、S (5,3) 、S (6,5) 、S (7,7) And S (8,9) The skew value between each two is 2.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the switching units of different stages are also performed according to a certain rule, taking the switching unit of the 3 rd stage switching component as an example, wherein the switching unit C (3,1) 、C (3,4) 、C (3,5) 、C (3,8) 、C (3,9) 、C (3,12) 、C (3,13) 、C (3,16) Respective first light inlet and second light inlet are used, wherein the first light inlet is connected with a light outlet of a switch unit with the same serial number as the previous stage switch unit through a light path; and the corresponding second light inlet is respectively connected with the light outlet of the corresponding switch unit in the previous stage of switch assembly in a light path way in which the deflection values are 2 and-2 which are mutually alternated from top to bottom. The connection relationship between the light inlet and the light outlet of the switch units in the other switch assemblies at different levels can be realized by referring to the connection structure shown in fig. 3, which is not described herein again.
Example 2:
embodiments of the present invention provide specific implementations for supporting the switch unit and the optical splitter in embodiment 1. In the embodiment of the present invention, the switch unit and the optical splitter in the corresponding switch assembly can both adopt the waveguide chip structure design, starting from the basic function unit of the waveguide chip. The design structure of the waveguide chip in the embodiment of the invention is composed of two basic functional units, namely a 2 multiplied by 2 optical switch unit based on a semi-cascade Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI for short) structure and an optical splitter based on a single 1 multiplied by 2MZI structure.
a. Optical switch unit
A single MZI structure is generally composed of two input ports and two output ports, and two front and rear 3dB couplers. The optical power of the input optical field is equally divided into two parts in the first-stage coupler, and the two parts respectively enter the second-stage coupler through the upper interference arm and the lower interference arm to interfere. And according to the phase difference of the light fields in the upper arm and the lower arm, the interfered light fields are respectively output from the two output ports according to a certain power proportion. When the phase difference of the optical fields in the upper arm and the lower arm is integral multiple of pi, the light splitting ratio is 1:0 or 0:1, and the optical power is completely output from one of the output ports, so that the complete opening of one output port of the MZI is realized, and the complete closing of the other output port is realized. If the heating electrode is used for heating the interference arm, the phase difference of the light fields of the upper arm and the lower arm is changed by changing the refractive index of the optical waveguide, and the opening and closing of the output port are controlled, so that the optical switch function of the basic unit is realized.
However, due to an actual waveguide process error, the splitting ratio of the front and rear 3dB couplers of a single MZI structure cannot be completely 1:0 or 0:1, and thus, optical indexes such as insertion loss of the upper and lower output ports are not consistent in practice, so that the single MZI structure is called as an "unbalanced type" structure. In order to solve the problem of inconsistency of the upper and lower ports, a "balanced" MZI switch structure is also provided, that is, 4 individual MZIs are combined into a 2 × 2 matrix structure, and the matrix structure is used as an individual switch unit.
The switch unit in embodiment 1 of the present invention may adopt a 2 × 2 thermo-optical switch, which is mainly designed as a waveguide with an MZI structure, and mainly includes an unbalanced structure (as shown in fig. 4) and a balanced structure (as shown in fig. 5).
The 2 x 2MZI structure optical switch utilizes the thermo-optic effect of the waveguide, and controls the working state of the switch by driving the heating electrode and changing the phase of the waveguide. But the extinction ratio of the single-stage MZI structure of the unbalanced optical switch cannot be very large, and the use requirement of 30dB extinction ratio of the commercial optical switch cannot be met. The balanced optical switch is composed of 4 MZIs, the size of the balanced optical switch is obviously increased compared with that of a single-stage MZI, and after cascading, the distribution area of a waveguide chip is too large and the balanced optical switch cannot be arranged on a single wafer. However, since the optical switch only needs to increase the extinction ratio of the channel that is turned off, in accordance with the layout features of fig. 5, in combination with practical requirements, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an improved "semi-cascaded" MZI structure optical switch, as shown in fig. 6, in the semi-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structure optical switch, including:
two MZIs are cascaded, and a second output port of a previous MZI is cascaded with a second input port of a next MZI; taking a first input port (expressed as input port 1 in fig. 6) of a previous stage MZI as a first input port of the semi-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structure optical switch; taking a first input port of a next-stage MZI as a second input port (expressed as input port 2 in FIG. 6) of the semi-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structured optical switch; meanwhile, the first output port of the previous stage MZI is used as the first output port (denoted as output port 1 in fig. 6) of the half-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structured optical switch, and the first output port of the next stage MZI is used as the second output port (denoted as output port 2 in fig. 6) of the half-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structured optical switch. As shown in fig. 6, the lengths of the upper arms of the two stages of MZI structures before and after the same time are more than odd multiples of half a wavelength than the lower arm, i.e., the phases of the optical signals passing through the upper arms are more than pi than the phases passing through the lower arms.
b. Light splitter
Another basic functional unit is a beam splitter. The general optical splitter can use a simple Y-branch structure and a single MZI structure as an optical splitting functional unit. However, in this embodiment, since the 1 × 2 optical splitters of each stage are cascaded together, which is equivalent to a 1 × 8 optical splitter with a 7-stage structure, in order to ensure the optical power uniformity of each output channel, each stage of optical splitters only needs to split 1/8 (i.e., 12.5%) of optical power at the corresponding stage, and thus, asymmetric optical splitting capability is required. Therefore, a single unbalanced MZI can meet the use requirement, but the splitting ratio needs to be adjusted according to the actual splitting requirement. Specifically, each 1 × 2 optical splitter according to example 1 is used to complete a 1: a split ratio of 7, wherein 1/8 optical power enters the switching circuit and 7/8 optical power enters the optical path established by each splitter.
Example 3:
the embodiment of the present invention mainly explains the working principle level of the optical switch unit and the working mechanism of the optical splitter developed in the embodiment 2.
The working principle of the optical splitter is as follows:
according to the light splitting principle of the MZI, the coupling phases θ 1 and θ 2 of the front and rear couplers and the phase difference Δ Φ of the interference arm are adjusted, i.e., the light splitting ratio of the upper and lower output channels of the MZI can be adjusted, as shown in fig. 7.
The working principle of the semi-cascaded MZI switch unit is as follows:
as shown in fig. 6, when the heating electrodes of the front and rear MZIs are not operated, an optical signal enters from the input port 1 and is output from the output port 1; enters from the input port 2 and outputs from the output port 2. At this time, MZI is turned off for the optical signal at input port 1, and the optical signal at input port 2 is in the through state.
The heating electrodes of front and rear MZIs start working, the phase of an optical signal of the upper arm of the front and rear MZIs is increased by pi, and an optical signal enters from the input port 1 and is output from the output port 2; enters from the input port 2 and outputs from the output port 2 shown in fig. 6. At this time, MZI is turned off with respect to the optical signal at input port 2, and the optical signal at input port 1 is in a through state.
When a heating electrode of a previous MZI works and a heating electrode of a next MZI does not work, an optical signal enters from an input port 1 of the previous MZI and is output from an output port 2 of the next MZI; the input port 2 inputs the signal and the output port 2 outputs the signal; at this time, MZI is turned off for the optical signal at input port 1, and the optical signal at input port 2 is in the through state.
When the heating electrode of the 1 st level MZI does not work, and the 2 nd level works, an optical signal enters from the input port 1 and is output from the output port 1; input port 2 enters and output port 2 of stage 2MZI outputs. At this time, the cascade MZI is in a through state for the optical signal of the input port 1, and is closed for the optical signal of the input port 2;
if the state of the heating electrode not working is set as 0, the state during working is set as 1; setting the state of the output port 1 when no light exists as 0 and setting the state of the output port 1 when light exists as 1; setting the state of the output port 2 when no light exists as 0 and setting the state when the light exists as 2; both input ports 11 and 2 have optical signal inputs, states 1 and 2, respectively, as shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 phase shifter operating conditions
| Phase shifter 1/phase shifter 2 | 0/0 | 0/1 | 1/0 | 1/1 |
| Input port 1/output port | 1/0 | 1/1 | 1/0 | 1/2 |
| Input port 2/output port | 2/2 | 2/0 | 2/2 | 2/0 |
The two-stage phase shifter has 4 working states, corresponding to 1 input port/output port, 3 states, and 2 input port/output port states. Where output port 1 is designed as a dead end, the output from output port 1 is equivalent to 0, i.e., 1/1 is equivalent to 1/0. Considering the problems of input/output state distribution and device power consumption, we select the two operating states of 0/0 and 1/1 for heater electrode 1/heater electrode 2, and output port 2 is the only output port. According to the control rule of the semi-cascade MZI switch unit, the function of the 8 multiplied by 8 waveguide chip optical switching unit can be realized by matching with a designed routing algorithm.
The semi-cascade MZI is matched with the asymmetric optical splitter for use, and the switching function from any input end to any output end of the waveguide chip can be realized.
It should be noted that, for the information interaction, execution process and other contents between the modules and units in the apparatus and system, the specific contents may refer to the description in the embodiment of the method of the present invention because the same concept is used as the embodiment of the processing method of the present invention, and are not described herein again.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps of the various methods of the embodiments may be implemented by associated hardware as instructed by a program, which may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), magnetic or optical disks, and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An optical switching device based on a waveguide matrix structure, characterized in that it comprises, in an n x n optical switching device:
n + 1-level optical switch assemblies, wherein each level of optical switch assembly consists of n optical switch units or 2n optical switch units;
in the front n-1-level optical switch assembly, a 1-level optical splitter assembly is arranged in front of each level of optical switch unit in a matched manner, and the optical splitter assembly consists of n 1 multiplied by 2 optical splitters;
the optical switch components of each stage are cascaded, the optical splitter components of each stage are cascaded, and the optical switch components of each stage are coupled with the optical splitter components of each stage;
the n + 1-stage optical switch assembly, wherein each stage of optical switch assembly is composed of n optical switch units or 2n optical switch units, and specifically comprises:
the 1 st-stage switch assembly and the n +1 th-stage switch assembly are respectively formed by arranging n switch units, and the 2 nd-stage switch assembly to the nth-stage switch assembly are respectively formed by arranging 2n switch units to form a middle array;
when the nxn optical switch device is specifically an 8 × 8 optical switch device, the method specifically includes:
each 1 × 2 optical splitter is arranged in front of each switching unit of the 1 st-stage switching assembly and comprises an optical splitter S (1,1) 、S (1,2) 、S (1,3) 、S (1,4) 、S (1,5) 、S (1,6) 、S (1,7) And S (1,8) And the first light outlet of the corresponding optical splitter is connected with one path of light inlet of the corresponding switch unit by an optical path; the second light outlet of each corresponding optical splitter is S (1,1) To S (1,8) Respectively connected with the next 1X 2 optical splitter S (2,1) 、S (2,5) 、S (2,4) 、S (2,9) 、S (2,8) 、S (2,13) 、S (2,12) And S (2,16) The light inlets are connected;
wherein, S represents 1 × 2 optical branching devices, wherein the first numerical value in the subscript represents the stage number of the corresponding switch assembly where the optical branching device is located, and the second numerical value in the subscript represents the arrangement serial number of the switch unit associated with the position where the optical branching device is located in the corresponding switch assembly;
switch unit C of 2 nd-stage switch assembly (2,1) 、C (2,4) 、C (2,5) 、C (2,8) 、C (2,9) 、C (2,12) 、C (2,13) 、C (2,16) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 3 rd-level switch assembly (3,2) 、C (3,3) 、C (3,6) 、C (3,7) 、C (3,10) 、C (3,11) 、C (3,14) 、C (3,15) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 4 th-stage switch assembly (4,1) 、C (4,4) 、C (4,5) 、C (4,8) 、C (4,9) 、C (4,12) 、C (4,13) 、C (4,16) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 5 th-stage switch assembly (5,2) 、C (5,3) 、C (5,6) 、C (5,7) 、C (5,10) 、C (5,11) 、C (5,14) 、C (5,15) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 6 th-stage switch assembly (6,1) 、C (6,4) 、C (6,5) 、C (6,8) 、C (6,9) 、C (6,12) 、C (6,13) 、C (6,16) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 7 th-stage switch assembly (7,2) 、C (7,3) 、C (7,6) 、C (7,7) 、C (7,10) 、C (7,11) 、C (7,14) 、C (7,15) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,1) 、C (8,4) 、C (8,5) 、C (8,8) 、C (8,9) 、C (8,12) 、C (8,13) 、C (8,16) 1 × 2 optical splitters are arranged in the front of the optical fiber;
wherein C represents a switch unit, wherein a first numerical value in the subscript represents the stage number of the switch assembly where the switch unit is located, and a second numerical value in the subscript represents the arrangement serial number of the switch unit in the corresponding switch assembly; the serial numbers of the optical branching devices and the serial numbers of the associated switch units are consistent;
the first light outlet of the optical splitter corresponding to the previous-stage switch assembly in the middle array is connected with the light inlet of the switch unit associated with the first light outlet; the second light outlet of the optical splitter corresponding to the previous-stage switch assembly meets the requirement of establishing optical path connection with the light inlet of the optical splitter with the serial number of 2 or-2 deviated from the serial number in the next-stage switch assembly, and in the optical splitter corresponding to the same-stage switch assembly, the deviation directions of the optical path connection established by each adjacent optical splitter to the optical splitter of the next-stage switch assembly are opposite;
when the deflection direction of the optical splitter is about to reach the top or bottom optical splitter of the middle array and the optical path connection cannot be established at the light inlet of the optical splitter deflected by 2 or-2, the optical path connection is established with the optical splitter positioned at the top or bottom in the next-stage switch component, and then the optical path connection is established in a mode of connecting the light inlets of the optical splitters deflected by-2 or 2 in a reverse manner in series.
2. The waveguide matrix structure-based optical switching device of claim 1 wherein the switching unit C of the 8 th-level switching module (8,1) And C (8,3) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,1) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,2) And C (8,4) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,2) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,5) And C (8,7) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,3) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,6) And C (8,8) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,4) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,9) And C (8,11) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,5) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,10) And C (8,12) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,6) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
8 th stage switchSwitch unit C of assembly (8,13) And C (8,15) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,7) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path;
switch unit C of 8 th-stage switch assembly (8,14) And C (8,16) And a switch unit C of a 9 th-stage switch assembly (9,8) The two light inlets are respectively connected with an optical path.
3. Optical switching device according to claim 1, wherein the second light outlet of the optical splitter is adapted to establish an optical connection with the light inlet of an optical splitter in the next stage of switching component, which is serial 2 or-2 offset from the second light outlet, in particular an optical splitter S in the intermediate array (2,1) The optical path connection is represented as:
optical splitter S (2,1) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (3,3) Are connected with each other;
the optical splitter S (3,3) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (4,5) Are connected with each other;
the optical splitter S (4,5) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (5,7) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (5,7) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (6,9) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (6,9) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (7,11) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (7,11) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (8,13) The light inlets are connected;
therein, an optical splitter S (2,1) 、S (3,3) 、S (4,5) 、S (5,7) 、S (6,9) 、S (7,11) And S (8,13) In the established optical path connection, the skew value between the second numerical values in the subscripts among the optical splitters is 2.
4. The method of claim 3The optical switching device based on the waveguide matrix structure is characterized in that in the optical splitters corresponding to the same-stage switch component, the deflection directions of the optical path connection established by each adjacent optical splitter to the optical splitter of the next-stage switch component are opposite; when the deflection direction of the optical splitter is about to reach the top or bottom optical splitter of the middle array and the optical path connection cannot be established at the light inlet of the optical splitter with the deflection 2 or-2, the optical path connection is established with the optical splitter positioned at the top or bottom in the next-stage switch component, and then the optical path connection is established in a mode of connecting the light inlets of the optical splitters with the reverse deflection-2 or 2 in series, specifically, the optical splitter S in the middle array (2,4) The optical path connection is represented as:
optical splitter S (2,4) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (3,2) Are connected with each other;
the optical splitter S (3,2) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (4,1) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (4,1) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (5,3) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (5,3) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (6,5) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (6,5) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (7,7) The light inlets are connected;
the optical splitter S (7,7) Second light outlet and optical splitter S (8,9) The light inlets are connected;
therein, an optical splitter S (2,4) 、S (3,2) 、S (4,1) 、S (5,3) 、S (6,5) 、S (7,7) And S (8,9) In the established optical path connection, the optical splitter S (2,4) And S (3,2) With a skew value of-2, the optical splitter S (3,2) And S (4,1) With a skew value of-1, the optical splitter S (4,1) 、S (5,3) 、S (6,5) 、S (7,7) And S (8,9) The skew value between each two is 2.
5. An optical switching device based on a waveguide matrix structure according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the switching unit C of the 3 rd stage switching module (3,1) 、C (3,4) 、C (3,5) 、C (3,8) 、C (3,9) 、C (3,12) 、C (3,13) 、C (3,16) Respective first light inlet and second light inlet are used, wherein the first light inlet is connected with a light outlet of a switch unit with the same serial number as the previous stage switch unit through a light path; and the corresponding second light inlet is respectively connected with the light outlet of the corresponding switch unit in the previous stage of switch assembly in an optical path way from top to bottom in a mode that the deflection values are 2 and-2 and are mutually alternated.
6. The waveguide matrix structure-based optical switching device according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the optical switch is a balanced MZI structure optical switch, 4 individual MZIs are combined into a 2 x 2 matrix structure, and the 2 x 2 matrix structure is used as a switch unit.
7. The optical switching device based on waveguide matrix structure according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the switch unit is a half-cascaded 2 x 2MZI structured optical switch, and the half-cascaded 2 x 2MZI structured optical switch comprises:
two MZIs are cascaded, and a second output port of a previous MZI is cascaded with a second input port of a next MZI; taking a first input port of a previous-stage MZI as a first input port of the semi-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structured optical switch; taking a first input port of a next-stage MZI as a second input port of the semi-cascaded 2 multiplied by 2MZI structured optical switch; meanwhile, the first output port of the previous-stage MZI is used as the first output port of the semi-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structured optical switch, and the first output port of the next-stage MZI is used as the second output port of the semi-cascaded 2 × 2MZI structured optical switch.
8. The optical switching device according to any of claims 1-4, wherein said 1 x 2 optical splitter is configured to perform 1: a split ratio of 7, wherein 1/8 optical power enters the switching circuit and 7/8 optical power enters the optical path established by each splitter.
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