CN112201370A - Passive containment heat exporting system with heat trap cooling device - Google Patents
Passive containment heat exporting system with heat trap cooling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112201370A CN112201370A CN202010885654.2A CN202010885654A CN112201370A CN 112201370 A CN112201370 A CN 112201370A CN 202010885654 A CN202010885654 A CN 202010885654A CN 112201370 A CN112201370 A CN 112201370A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/02—Details
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of passive systems of reactors, and particularly relates to a passive containment heat exporting system with a heat trap cooling device, which comprises a passive heat exchanger (2) arranged in a containment (1) of a nuclear island of a nuclear power plant and an externally hung water tank (3) arranged outside the containment (1) and exchanging heat with the passive heat exchanger (2), and is characterized in that: the cooling device (5) is arranged in the external water tank (3), and the cooling device (5) can rapidly cool the cooling water (4) in the external water tank (3) by using a refrigerant. The invention effectively increases the cooling time of the original passive containment heat exporting system, prolongs the non-intervention time after an accident, and obviously reduces the possibility of over-temperature and over-pressure of the containment; the cooling device is in a diversified design, can cool the interior of the external water tank 3 after an accident by various means such as air cooling, a refrigerant or a bypass of the existing refrigeration system of the nuclear power plant, and the like, and improves the reliability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of passive systems of reactors, and particularly relates to a passive containment heat exporting system with a heat trap cooling device.
Background
From the eighties of the last century, passive technology research is carried out in countries such as the United states, Japan, France, Germany and Russia, and the passive containment heat leading-out device is adopted in the third generation advanced pressurized water reactor designed in China, the United states, Russia and the like to relieve the problem of excess temperature and excess pressure of the containment.
The passive containment cooling system of the U.S. AP1000 uses a passive approach to dissipate the heat in the containment to the final hot-trap-atmosphere. Under the normal operation working condition, air enters from an inlet at the top of the containment shielding structure, flows through the descending channel and reversely flows through the ascending flow channel to take away heat transferred by the wall of the containment vessel, and is finally discharged to the environment from the chimney. The gravity water injection tank of the AP1000 is arranged at the uppermost part of the containment. After receiving a high pressure signal of the containment, the system is automatically started, and the system can be started only by opening any one of the three normally closed isolation valves without other actions. The start-up of the system may also be initiated manually by an operator at a master control room or remote shutdown workstation.
China 'Hualong I' takes a split type heat exchanger as a core system of a passive containment heat removal device. The passive heat exchange system mainly utilizes the density difference generated by different heated fluid ends to work. After the containment generates a pressure alarm, the pipeline valve is opened, fluid can be pushed by the density difference to carry out natural circulation heat exchange, and heat in the containment is discharged into the heat exchange water tank and then is discharged out of the atmosphere.
For the heat exchanger type passive containment heat exporting system, when water in the external cooling water tank reaches a saturated state and is continuously evaporated, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger type passive containment heat exporting system is reduced. After a period of time, the external water tank is supplemented with water in time by an external water supplementing means, so that the operation of the passive containment heat exporting system can be continuously maintained. The post-accident non-intervention time cannot be extended even further.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a passive containment heat exporting system with a heat trap cooling device, which can cool high-temperature water in an externally hung water tank after an accident and obviously prolong the non-intervention time after the accident.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the passive containment heat exporting system with the heat trap cooling device comprises a passive heat exchanger arranged in a containment of a nuclear island of a nuclear power plant and an external water tank arranged outside the containment and exchanging heat with the passive heat exchanger, wherein the passive containment heat exporting system also comprises a cooling device arranged inside the external water tank, and the cooling device can use a refrigerant to rapidly cool cooling water in the external water tank.
Furthermore, the cooling device is composed of an internal heat exchange tube, the internal heat exchange tube is connected with a refrigerant cooling tube, and the refrigerant enters and exits from the internal heat exchange tube through the refrigerant cooling tube to take away the heat of the cooling water in the external water tank.
Furthermore, one end of the refrigerant cooling pipe, which is not connected with the cooling device, is used as a refrigerant inlet and outlet of the refrigerant, the refrigerant inlet and outlet are designed in multiple rows, valves are arranged on the refrigerant inlet and outlet, and the refrigerant can enter and exit from the refrigerant cooling pipe through the valves.
Further, the refrigerant inlet/outlet may be connected to a bypass of an existing refrigeration system of the nuclear power plant, or may be connected to a dedicated refrigeration cycle device for the cooling device.
Furthermore, the refrigerant cooling pipe is made of copper or stainless steel with high thermal conductivity or other alloy materials with high thermal conductivity.
Further, the refrigerant cooling tube leaves an additional service access.
Furthermore, the refrigerant cooling pipe is coated with a protective material for heat preservation and preventing the collision of the flying object.
Further, the inner layer of the protective material is made of porous foaming material, and the outer layer of the protective material is made of a firm material, wherein the firm material comprises a plastic pipe or a steel pipe.
Further, the refrigerant cooling pipe is fixedly installed on the outer wall side of the containment through a fixed connection device.
Furthermore, the internal heat exchange tube is of a hollow and multidirectional bent structure, and the internal heat exchange tube adopts a surface modification technology to strengthen heat exchange.
The heat exchange fin is arranged on the transparent grid plate, and the heat exchange fins among different layers are arranged in a staggered mode; the heat exchange fins are connected with the internal heat exchange tubes of the cooling device through heat pipes or metal with good heat conductivity.
Furthermore, a temperature monitoring device is arranged at a key position needing temperature measurement, and the key position comprises the external water tank and the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the refrigerant cooling pipe.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the cooling device is arranged in the externally-hung water tank 3, so that the cooling time of an original passive containment heat exporting system can be effectively prolonged, the non-intervention time after an accident is prolonged, the possibility of overtemperature and overpressure of the containment is remarkably reduced, the requirements of keeping the integrity of the containment and guaranteeing the heat extraction of the containment under the serious accident specified in the HAF102(2016) design safety regulation of a nuclear power plant in China can be further met, and the heat extraction requirements of the containment under the accident of an over-design reference in EUR (European user requirement) and URD (American user requirement document) are met.
2. The cooling device is in a diversified design, can cool the interior of the external water tank 3 after an accident by various means such as air cooling, a refrigerant or a bypass of the existing refrigeration system of the nuclear power plant, and the like, and improves the reliability of the system.
3. The maintainability and the operational reliability of the system are guaranteed by arranging a standby maintenance access, a temperature monitoring device, an external protective material and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a passive containment heat removal system with heat sink cooling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is one of the schematic views of the internal heat exchange tubes of the cooling apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic view of an internal heat exchange tube of the cooling apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a third schematic view of an internal heat exchange tube of the cooling apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a fourth schematic view of an internal heat exchange tube of the cooling apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a heat exchanger fin according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a view from the direction A of FIG. 6; FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a refrigerant cooling tube coated with a protective material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-containment vessel, 2-passive heat exchanger, 3-external water tank, 4-cooling water, 5-cooling device, 6-heat exchange fin, 7-refrigerant cooling pipe, 8-refrigerant inlet and outlet, 9-valve, 10-grid plate, 11-heat pipe, 12-porous foaming material and 13-firm material.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the passive containment heat export system with a heat trap cooling device provided by the invention comprises a passive heat exchanger 2 arranged in a containment 1 of a nuclear island of a nuclear power plant and an external water tank 3 (i.e. a heat trap) arranged outside the containment 1 and exchanging heat with the passive heat exchanger 2, wherein the cooling device 5 is arranged inside the external water tank 3, and the cooling device 5 can rapidly cool cooling water 4 in the external water tank 3 by using a refrigerant.
The cooling device 5 is composed of an internal heat exchange tube which is connected with a refrigerant cooling tube 7, and the refrigerant enters and exits from the internal heat exchange tube through the refrigerant cooling tube 7 to take away the heat of the cooling water 4 in the external water tank 3.
One end of the refrigerant cooling pipe 7, which is not connected to the cooling device 5, serves as a refrigerant inlet/outlet 8 for the refrigerant, the refrigerant inlet/outlet 8 is designed in a plurality of rows, a valve 9 is provided on the refrigerant inlet/outlet 8, and the refrigerant is introduced into and discharged from the refrigerant cooling pipe 7 through the valve 9.
The refrigerant inlet and outlet 8 (adjusted by a series of valves 9) can be connected to a bypass of an existing refrigeration system of a nuclear power plant, and can also be connected to a special refrigeration cycle device and a standby maintenance system for the cooling device 5, so that the diversity, reliability and maintainability of the whole system are enhanced.
The refrigerant cooling pipe 7 is made of copper or stainless steel with high thermal conductivity or other alloy materials with high thermal conductivity.
The refrigerant cooling pipe 7 is provided with an additional maintenance access, so that the interior of the refrigerant cooling pipe 7 can be conveniently inspected and maintained in daily life, and can be cleaned by filling chemical solvent when necessary.
The refrigerant cooling pipe 7 is coated with a protective material for heat preservation and preventing the impact of a flying object (playing a role in buffering).
As shown in fig. 8, the protective material has a multi-layer structure, and the inner layer of the protective material is made of a porous foaming material 12, so as to play a role in heat preservation and buffering; the outer layer of protective material consists of a solid material 13, the solid material 13 comprising a plastic or steel pipe.
The refrigerant cooling pipe 7 is fixedly installed on the outer wall side of the containment vessel 1 through a fixed connection device.
As shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, the internal heat exchange tube is a hollow and multi-directional bent structure, the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant of the internal heat exchange tube are located at the lower parts of the two sides of the internal heat exchange tube, and the internal heat exchange tube extends upwards into the external water tank 3 and then is bent fully in the direction from bottom to top and from left to right, so that the contact area of cold and hot fluids is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. The internal heat exchange tube adopts the surface modification technology to strengthen the heat exchange.
The heat exchanger also comprises large-area heat exchange fins 6 arranged outside the external water tank 3, so that high temperature in the external water tank 3 is conducted to the outside to be in contact with the atmosphere for air cooling. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the heat exchange fins 6 are arranged on the transparent grid plate 10, and the heat exchange fins 6 between different layers are arranged in a staggered manner, so that air can be promoted to automatically circulate, and the efficiency of convective heat exchange of air is increased; the heat exchange fins 6 are connected to the inner heat exchange tubes of the cooling device 5 by heat pipes 11 or metal having good thermal conductivity.
A temperature monitoring device is arranged at a key position needing temperature measurement, and the key position comprises an external water tank 3 and a refrigerant inlet and outlet 8 of a refrigerant cooling pipe 7.
The design of the cooling device is diversified, under the accident condition, when the water temperature in the externally hung water tank 3 exceeds a monitoring and early warning value, a series of valves 9 on a refrigerant inlet and outlet 8 are adjusted, and the externally hung water tank 3 can be refrigerated by introducing the refrigerant through a refrigerant cooling pipe 7; meanwhile, high temperature in the external water tank 3 can be conducted to the outside to be in contact with the atmosphere through the large-area heat exchange fins 6 extending to the outside of the external water tank 3, and air cooling is carried out.
The device according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments according to the technical solutions of the present invention, and also belong to the technical innovation scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. The utility model provides a passive containment heat derivation system of taking heat sink cooling device, includes passive heat exchanger (2) of setting in containment (1) of the nuclear island of nuclear power plant and sets up outside containment (1) with passive heat exchanger (2) carry out external water tank (3) of heat transfer, characterized by: the cooling device (5) is arranged in the externally hung water tank (3), and the cooling device (5) can rapidly cool the cooling water (4) in the externally hung water tank (3) by using a refrigerant.
2. The passive containment heat removal system with heat sink cooling of claim 1, wherein: the cooling device (5) is composed of internal heat exchange tubes, the internal heat exchange tubes are connected with refrigerant cooling tubes (7), and the refrigerant enters and exits from the internal heat exchange tubes through the refrigerant cooling tubes (7) to take away the heat of the cooling water (4) in the externally hung water tank (3).
3. The passive containment heat removal system with heat sink cooling of claim 2, wherein: one end, which is not connected with the cooling device (5), of the refrigerant cooling pipe (7) is used as a refrigerant inlet and outlet (8) of the refrigerant, the refrigerant inlet and outlet (8) are designed in multiple rows, a valve (9) is arranged on the refrigerant inlet and outlet (8), and the refrigerant can enter and exit from the refrigerant cooling pipe (7) through the valve (9).
4. The passive containment heat removal system with heat sink cooling of claim 3, wherein: the refrigerant inlet/outlet (8) can be connected to a bypass of an existing refrigeration system of the nuclear power plant, and also can be connected to a dedicated refrigeration cycle device for the cooling device (5).
5. The passive containment heat removal system containment as recited in claim 2 wherein: the refrigerant cooling pipe (7) is made of copper or stainless steel with high thermal conductivity or other alloy materials with high thermal conductivity.
6. The passive containment heat removal system containment as recited in claim 2 wherein: the refrigerant cooling pipe (7) is provided with an additional maintenance access.
7. The passive containment heat removal system containment as recited in claim 2 wherein: the refrigerant cooling pipe (7) is coated with a protective material for heat preservation and preventing the collision of a missile.
8. The passive containment heat removal system containment of claim 7, wherein: the inner layer of the protective material is made of a porous foamed material (12), the outer layer of the protective material is made of a solid material (13), and the solid material (13) comprises a plastic pipe or a steel pipe.
9. The passive containment heat removal system containment as recited in claim 2 wherein: the refrigerant cooling pipe (7) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall side of the containment (1) through a fixed connecting device.
10. The passive containment heat removal system with heat sink cooling of claim 2, wherein: the internal heat exchange tube is of a hollow and multidirectional bent structure, and the internal heat exchange tube adopts a surface modification technology to strengthen heat exchange.
11. The passive containment heat removal system with heat sink cooling according to claim 2, wherein: the heat exchange plate is characterized by further comprising large-area heat exchange fins (6) arranged outside the external water tank (3), wherein the heat exchange fins (6) are arranged on the transparent grid plate (10), and the heat exchange fins (6) among different layers are arranged in a staggered mode; the heat exchange fins (6) are connected with the internal heat exchange tubes of the cooling device (5) through heat pipes (11) or metal with good heat conductivity.
12. The passive containment heat removal system containment as recited in claim 3 wherein: and arranging a temperature monitoring device at a key position needing temperature measurement, wherein the key position comprises the external water tank (3) and the refrigerant inlet and outlet (8) of the refrigerant cooling pipe (7).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010885654.2A CN112201370A (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Passive containment heat exporting system with heat trap cooling device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010885654.2A CN112201370A (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Passive containment heat exporting system with heat trap cooling device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112201370A true CN112201370A (en) | 2021-01-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010885654.2A Pending CN112201370A (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Passive containment heat exporting system with heat trap cooling device |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007040335A (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2007-02-15 | A & A Material Corp | Metal-coated heat insulating material |
| CN103578584A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-02-12 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive containment cooling system with constant-temperature water tank |
| CN204204430U (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of can the non-active steam discharging device of long-term water seal of anti-cooling water outflow |
| CN204834063U (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-12-02 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Active waste heat discharge heat exchanger test device of non - |
| CN107564593A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2018-01-09 | 华北电力大学 | Cooling test system and method outside a kind of pressure vessel |
| CN107958712A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-24 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of heat pipe exchanging type passive containment thermal conduction system |
-
2020
- 2020-08-28 CN CN202010885654.2A patent/CN112201370A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007040335A (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2007-02-15 | A & A Material Corp | Metal-coated heat insulating material |
| CN103578584A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-02-12 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive containment cooling system with constant-temperature water tank |
| CN204204430U (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of can the non-active steam discharging device of long-term water seal of anti-cooling water outflow |
| CN204834063U (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-12-02 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Active waste heat discharge heat exchanger test device of non - |
| CN107564593A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2018-01-09 | 华北电力大学 | Cooling test system and method outside a kind of pressure vessel |
| CN107958712A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-24 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of heat pipe exchanging type passive containment thermal conduction system |
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