CN112197975B - Experimental device for fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation - Google Patents
Experimental device for fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conservation and emission reduction of engines and discloses an experimental device for fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation. The experimental device comprises a high-voltage power supply, a signal generator, a magnetron, a tuner, a combustion chamber, an axial flow burner and a capillary, wherein the magnetron is used for generating microwaves, and the tuner is used for adjusting impedance in a circuit; the combustion chamber is a closed metal cavity; the axial flow combustor is used for generating axial flame in a combustor chamber; the capillary tube is arranged in the flame, is provided with a small hole, and the substance in the flame at the position of the capillary tube is sucked into the small hole under the action of negative pressure and then enters a gas analyzer, the composition of the substance in the flame is obtained under the analysis of the analyzer, and the position of the capillary tube in the flame is adjusted to realize the analysis of combustion products at different positions, so that the comprehensive detection of the combustion products is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of correlation of engines, and particularly relates to an experimental device for combustion and soot generation characteristics of microwave-assisted combustion.
Background
With the increase of the keeping quantity of the engine, the engine becomes one of the most main fossil energy consumption products, and the particulate matters in the engine exhaust gas, the most main components of which are soot particles and the like, bring serious harm to the human environment. Therefore, how to reduce harmful emissions while improving the combustion efficiency of the engine is particularly important for further development of the engine.
On the one hand, common engine energy saving and emission reduction strategies include lean burn and exhaust gas recirculation technologies, both of which are essentially dilution of the mixture of fuel and air. However, when the dilution ratio is too large, the rate of fuel combustion in the engine may be reduced, adversely affecting its power output. Therefore, solving the problem of too slow fuel combustion speed under the limit condition is the key for applying the energy-saving emission-reduction strategy. On the other hand, soot particles generated by engine combustion have fractal accumulation structures, each particle of the accumulation structure is composed of a considerable amount of spherical primary particles, and the particles form PM after being discharged by automobile exhaust, wherein the PM2.5 is extremely harmful because of being capable of entering the respiratory tract of a human body without obstruction; in order to reduce soot generation during engine operation, researchers often reduce the fuel-air equivalence ratio. Particularly, in the diesel engine, as the fuel oil is injected into the cylinder and then compressed and ignited for combustion, the fuel absorbs heat from a liquid phase and evaporates to a gas phase and is uniformly mixed for a long time, so that the mixture exists in a fuel rich region in the actual combustion process, and the local fuel is insufficiently combusted, thereby generating soot.
In recent years, researchers have attempted to improve the combustion process of fuel, accelerate fuel oxidation, increase combustion efficiency and reduce soot generation by means of an applied electric field. Because the flame is essentially a collection of a large number of charged particles, under the action of an external electric field, part of the particles are accelerated to collide and excite to generate more active particles, so that the combustion reaction is accelerated. This method improves combustion efficiency and reduces soot generation to some extent, and since it is difficult to directly set an electric field in an engine, whether a method of applying an electric field to improve combustion efficiency and reduce soot generation can be practical or not is yet to be further studied.
Because the engine cylinder is a closed metal wall space, the adoption of microwave radiation to form a strong electric field in the cylinder is a potential method for reducing the soot emission of the engine. Patent CN106762330B discloses an experimental device for visually studying microwave plasma-assisted ignition, which utilizes a spark plug to ignite and form initial plasma, and then radiates microwave energy into the initial plasma to expand the initial plasma, so as to achieve the effect of enhanced ignition. Moreover, since patent CN106762330B is directed to visualization of the ignition transient, it is not beneficial to diagnosis of the fuel combustion and soot generation processes; in the past, engineers usually adopt a form of steady-state axial flow flame to perform basic research work of a fuel combustion soot generation process, a probe is utilized to penetrate into the axial flow flame to enable part of soot to be condensed on the probe, and the soot generation conditions at different positions are obtained by changing the height of the probe. The method has the advantages of convenience, rapidness and low price, but because the combustion reaction is not stopped in the process of probe sampling, intermediate substances in the soot generation process are difficult to collect, therefore, certain difficulty is brought to subsequent analysis, with the development of laser diagnosis technology, researchers adopt laser-induced fluorescence technology, laser-induced blazing technology and the like to diagnose the axial flow flame, the diagnosis in this way can detect the intermediate substances and the distribution thereof in the soot generation process more accurately, and thus has received much attention, however, the laser diagnostic device is expensive, and when the influence of the electromagnetic field on the soot generation process is studied, the laser energy may bring additional influence to the electromagnetic field, thus interfering with the combustion analysis under electromagnetic fields and therefore is currently the only basic research for conventional axial flow flames.
In conclusion, it is very important to invent an experimental device and method which are beneficial to researching fuel combustion characteristics and soot generation characteristics under electromagnetic field auxiliary combustion.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides the experimental device for the fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation, and the experimental device is simple, convenient and fast, energy-saving, environment-friendly, safe and reliable.
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided an experimental apparatus for fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation, the experimental apparatus including a high voltage power supply, a signal generator, a magnetron, a tuner, a combustion chamber, an axial flow burner and a capillary, wherein:
the high-voltage power supply is connected with the magnetron and provides high-voltage power supply for the magnetron, the magnetron is used for generating microwave, and a signal generator is arranged between the magnetron and the high-voltage power supply and used for sending out a waveform signal so as to regulate and control the pulse time and frequency of the microwave generated by the magnetron; the tuner is connected with the magnetron and used for adjusting the impedance in a circuit between the magnetron and the combustion chamber so as to maximize the transmission efficiency of the microwave transmitted into the combustion chamber;
the combustion chamber comprises a metal shell and metal nets, wherein the metal nets are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the metal shell so as to form a closed metal cavity; the axial flow burner is arranged below the combustion chamber and used for generating axial flame in the burner chamber under microwave radiation;
the capillary tube is arranged in the flame and provided with a small hole, substances in the flame at the position of the capillary tube are sucked into the small hole under the action of negative pressure in the capillary tube and then enter a gas analyzer connected with the capillary tube, the components of the substances in the flame are obtained under the analysis of the analyzer, namely, the analysis of combustion products is realized, and the analysis of the combustion products at different positions is realized by adjusting the position of the capillary tube in the flame, so that the comprehensive detection of the combustion products is realized.
Further preferably, a circulator is further arranged in the experimental device, the circulator is arranged in the magnetron and is connected with the tuner, a water load is further connected to one end of the circulator, and the circulator is used for guiding the microwaves reflected back from the combustion chamber into the water load to be absorbed, so that the reflected microwaves are prevented from entering the magnetron.
Further preferably, one end of the capillary is connected with a second slide rail for adjusting the height and position of the capillary in the flame.
Further preferably, one end of the metal net at the upper end of the combustion chamber is provided with a first slide rail for adjusting the height of the metal net and further adjusting the size of the combustion chamber.
Further preferably, one end of the capillary is connected with a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder, and on one hand, nitrogen flows through the capillary to form negative pressure so as to absorb combustion products; on the other hand, the low temperature and chemical inertia of the nitrogen are utilized to instantly terminate the local combustion reaction, so that intermediate substances in the combustion process are better obtained.
Further preferably, the axial flow burner is provided with glass fibers distributed in a staggered manner for fully mixing the gas entering the axial flow burner.
Further preferably, a honeycomb core material is further disposed in the axial flow combustor, and a plurality of uniformly distributed air holes are disposed on the honeycomb core material, so that the air flow output by the axial flow combustor is uniform and stable.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the principle of microwave resonance is fully utilized in the combustion chamber, the microwave generates resonance in the flame zone by adjusting the position of the metal mesh, so that the interaction between flame and microwave is enhanced, the electromagnetic effect of the microwave is utilized to accelerate charged particles in the flame zone and generate more active particles so as to accelerate the reaction and reduce the generation of carbon smoke;
2. the combustion chamber of the invention adopts the metal shell and the metal net to form a closed metal cavity, because the natural frequency of the microwave utilized by the invention is 2.45GHz, the corresponding wavelength is basically in the order of centimeter, and the electromagnetic shielding of the combustion chamber on the microwave can be realized only by the grid size of the metal net being less than one quarter of the wavelength of the microwave, the radiation hazard to external operators caused by the microwave leakage and the microwave energy loss caused by the leakage are prevented, and the position of the upper end metal net is adjusted to change the space structure size of the whole combustion chamber, the microwave is superposed with other incident waves in the space through reflection on each wall surface of the combustion chamber, thus being beneficial to the microwave resonance to generate a strong electric field;
3. according to the invention, a capillary tube invasive acquisition method is adopted, wherein low-temperature inert nitrogen is used for inhibiting the reaction on one hand so as to keep an intermediate product, and on the other hand, the negative pressure state in the capillary tube is ensured so as to be beneficial to the acquisition process;
4. the detection device for the fuel combustion products under microwave radiation, provided by the invention, couples microwaves with flames of fuel combustion, realizes the purpose of collecting intermediate substances in the combustion process, and is simple to operate, energy-saving, environment-friendly, safe and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fuel combustion product detection device under microwave radiation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of the front and rear connecting segments of the capillary tube of fig. 1.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1-high voltage power supply, 2-signal generator, 3-magnetron, 4-circulator, 5-tuner, 6-metal shell, 7-metal mesh, 8-first slide rail, 9-second slide rail, 10-flame, 11-capillary tube, 12-high pressure nitrogen gas bottle, 13-honeycomb core material, 14-glass fiber, 15-axial flow burner, 16-gas analyzer, 17-water load, 18-insulated gate bipolar transistor, 19-small hole and 20-rubber hose.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the experimental apparatus for fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention fully utilizes the principle of microwave resonance, and makes microwaves resonate in a flame region by adjusting the position of a fine metal mesh, so as to enhance the interaction between flame and microwaves; the electromagnetic effect of the microwave is utilized to accelerate the charged particles in the flame zone and generate more active particles, thereby accelerating the reaction and reducing the generation of soot; the nitrogen flows through the capillary to form negative pressure in the tube, particles in a certain reaction process are sucked into the capillary, and the low temperature and chemical inertia of the nitrogen are utilized to instantly terminate the local combustion reaction, so that intermediate substances in the combustion process are well obtained, and the aim of basic research is fulfilled. In addition, the power of the microwave generated by the magnetron can be determined by the target waveform emitted by the signal generator and the IGBT.
The detection device comprises a high-voltage power supply 1, a signal generator 2, a magnetron 3, a circulator 4, a tuner 5, a metal shell 6, a metal mesh 7, a first slide rail 8, a second slide rail 9, a capillary tube 11, a high-pressure nitrogen gas bottle 12, a honeycomb core material 13, glass fibers 14, an axial flow combustor 15, a gas analyzer 16, a water load 17, an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)18, a small hole 19 and a rubber hose 20.
The high-voltage power supply 1 is connected with the magnetron 3, the middle of the high-voltage power supply 1 and the magnetron 3 is connected by an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)18, the other end of the IGBT is connected with the signal generator 2, the magnetron 3 is sequentially connected with the circulator 4, the tuner 5 and the metal shell 6, the water load 17 is connected with the other end of the circulator 4, the axial flow burner 15 is positioned below the metal shell 6, the metal mesh 7 is respectively arranged above and below the metal shell 6, which together form an electromagnetically shielded closed cavity, where the closing is a broad closing meaning closing on the electromagnetic layer, so that microwaves cannot radiate out from the combustion chamber, because the tail gas after combustion in the combustion chamber can be discharged in time, the upper layer and the lower layer need to adopt the arrangement of the metal mesh, the flame 10 of the axial flow combustor 15 is contained in the cavity, two ends of the capillary tube 11 are respectively connected with a rubber hose 20, and then are respectively connected with a high-pressure gas cylinder 12 and a gas analyzer 16.
The high-voltage power supply 1 supplies power to the magnetron 3, the signal generator 2 sends out a specific waveform signal, the on-off is controlled by the IGBT18, so as to control the output mode of the magnetron 3, the circulator 4 guides the reflected microwave into the water load 17 for absorption, the microwave is prevented from being reflected into the magnetron to cause damage, the tuner 5 adjusts the transmission impedance, the energy transmitted into the metal shell 6 is maximized because of the minimized microwave energy loss, the upper metal net 7 of the metal shell 6 is adjusted, the microwave achieves the best resonance effect, the microwave interacts with the flame 10, the soot generation is finally reduced, the relative position of the capillary tube 11 and the flame 10 can be adjusted by the second slide rail 9, the capillary tube 11 is provided with a small hole 19, the high-pressure nitrogen bottle 12 is provided with a throttle valve, low-temperature nitrogen is guided into the capillary tube 11, negative pressure is formed in the capillary tube 11, substances at the local part of the flame 10 are sucked into the capillary tube 11 through the small hole 19 and finally flow into the gas analyzer 16 along with the nitrogen, the low-temperature nitrogen can stop the combustion reaction quickly to achieve the purpose of collecting intermediate substances in the combustion process, the capillary tube 11 is connected with the high-pressure gas cylinder 12 and the gas analyzer 16 through the rubber hose 20 respectively, so that the capillary tube 11 can move up and down freely, a plurality of gas inlets are formed in the bottom of the axial flow combustor 15, the research on fuel combustion in various modes such as premixed combustion and diffusion combustion is facilitated, a glass fiber 14 section and a honeycomb core material 13 section are arranged in the capillary tube, so that the gas mixing is more uniform, a quartz window is formed in the wall surface of the metal shell 6, an ITO film is coated on the wall surface, microwaves are shielded, optical observation can be conveniently carried out from the outside, combustion characteristic parameters such as hydroxyl distribution and flame speed are obtained, and the fuel combustion characteristics are analyzed. The metal mesh 7 can be detached and moved, so that the microwave can be shielded, and waste gas generated by the combustion of the flame 10 can be discharged in time. In addition, the metal mesh 7 allows external air to enter to allow combustion to be performed when performing experiments in the diffusion combustion mode.
The use method of the experimental device for the fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation comprises the following steps:
s1, filling the pre-ground fuel into the axial flow combustor from different air inlets according to requirements; detaching the metal net below the metal shell, igniting fuel at the outlet of the axial flow burner by using an ignition device, adjusting the position of the fine metal net to be flush with or slightly lower than the outlet of the axial flow burner, and adjusting the upper fine metal net to keep a reasonable distance from the tip of the flame;
s2 adjusts the output waveform of the signal generator to achieve experimental objectives. Adjusting the tuner to maximize microwave transmission efficiency;
s3, after the flame is stabilized, adjusting the relative position of the capillary and the flame, opening a high-pressure nitrogen bottle, and adjusting the nitrogen flow rate of the high-pressure nitrogen bottle to meet the experimental requirements;
s4, carrying out optical observation through a quartz window on the wall surface of the metal shell; and collecting combustion substances at different heights of the axial flow flame, and diagnosing by using a gas analyzer.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An experimental device for fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation, characterized in that, the experimental device comprises a high voltage power supply (1), a signal generator (2), a magnetron (3), a tuner (5), a combustion chamber, an axial flow burner (15) and a capillary tube (11), wherein:
the high-voltage power supply (1) is connected with the magnetron (3) and provides a high-voltage power supply for the magnetron (3), the magnetron (3) is used for generating microwaves, and a signal generator (2) is arranged between the magnetron and the high-voltage power supply and used for sending a waveform signal so as to regulate and control the pulse time and frequency of the microwaves generated by the magnetron; the tuner (5) is connected with the magnetron and used for adjusting the impedance in a circuit between the magnetron and the combustion chamber so as to maximize the transmission efficiency of the microwave transmitted into the combustion chamber;
the combustion chamber comprises a metal shell (6) and a metal net (7), wherein the metal net (7) is arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the metal shell (6) to form a closed metal cavity; the axial flow combustor (15) is arranged below the combustion chamber, the bottom of the axial flow combustor is provided with a plurality of air inlets, pre-ground fuel is filled into the axial flow combustor from different air inlets, and the axial flow combustor is used for generating axial flame in the combustion chamber under microwave radiation; one end of the metal net at the upper end of the combustion chamber is provided with a first sliding rail (8) for adjusting the height of the metal net and further adjusting the size of the combustion chamber;
the capillary tube (11) is arranged in the flame, a small hole (19) is formed in the capillary tube, substances in the flame at the position of the capillary tube are sucked into the small hole (19) under the action of negative pressure in the capillary tube and then enter a gas analyzer (16) connected with the capillary tube, the components of the substances in the flame are obtained under the analysis of the analyzer, namely, the analysis of combustion products is realized, and the analysis of the combustion products at different positions is realized by adjusting the position of the capillary tube in the flame, so that the comprehensive detection of the combustion products is realized.
2. The experimental device for the fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that a circulator (4) is further provided in the experimental device, the circulator is arranged on the magnetron (3) and connected with a tuner (5), one end of the circulator is further connected with a water load, and the circulator is used for guiding the microwave reflected from the combustion chamber into the water load to be absorbed, so as to prevent the reflected microwave from entering the magnetron.
3. The experimental device for the fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of the capillary (11) is connected with a second slide rail (9) with a scale for adjusting the height of the capillary in the flame.
4. The experimental device for the fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the capillary (11) is connected with a high pressure nitrogen gas bottle (12), on one hand, nitrogen gas flows through the capillary to form negative pressure in the capillary, on the other hand, the low temperature and chemical inertness of the nitrogen gas are used to instantly terminate the local combustion reaction, thereby better obtaining the intermediate substances in the combustion process.
5. The experimental device for the fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the axial flow burner (15) is provided with staggered distribution of glass fibers (14) for fully mixing the gas entering the axial flow burner.
6. The experimental device for the fuel combustion and soot generation characteristics under microwave radiation according to claim 1, wherein the axial flow burner (15) is further provided with a honeycomb core material (13) which is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed air holes, so that the air flow output by the axial flow burner is uniform and stable.
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| CN113483334A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-08 | 陕西青朗万城环保科技有限公司 | Method and device for enhancing combustion of solid particles by microwaves |
| CN113587084B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2022-05-13 | 大连理工大学 | Device for enhancing combustion by utilizing microwave plasma torch |
| CN113916540B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-12-02 | 华中科技大学 | Integrated microwave-enhanced laser plasma ignition experimental system |
| CN115750144B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-07-18 | 北京交通大学 | Single-component propellant ignition method for synergistically regulating and controlling propellant flow and microwave power |
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