CN112197915A - Acoustic detection method for oil spilling under ice layer of offshore oil drilling platform in frozen sea area - Google Patents
Acoustic detection method for oil spilling under ice layer of offshore oil drilling platform in frozen sea area Download PDFInfo
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- CN112197915A CN112197915A CN202010990190.1A CN202010990190A CN112197915A CN 112197915 A CN112197915 A CN 112197915A CN 202010990190 A CN202010990190 A CN 202010990190A CN 112197915 A CN112197915 A CN 112197915A
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- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
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- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/24—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention provides a sound wave detection method for oil spilling under an ice layer of an offshore oil drilling platform in an iced sea area. Firstly, a transmitting and receiving combined energy replacing device is adopted to send out a transmitting signal, and then an echo signal of an oil overflow layer is received. Secondly, the received oil spill layer echo signal and the transmitted signal are compared and analyzed. And (3) separating the reflected signals of the upper surface and the lower surface of the oil spilling layer in a time domain, thereby extracting the reflected signals of the lower surface and the reflected signals of the oil-water interface. And thirdly, calculating to obtain the reflection coefficient of the lower surface of the oil layer, judging whether an oil overflow layer exists under the ice layer and judging the diffusion range of the oil overflow layer according to the reflection coefficient of the lower surface: and if the oil overflow layer exists, judging the thickness of the oil overflow layer according to the time difference of the reflected signals of the upper surface and the lower surface. The invention fills the domestic blank of the under-ice oil spill detection acoustic method and provides a new technical means for the under-ice oil spill detection. The method can be applied to detection of oil spilling under ice in the icing period of oil drilling platforms, oil pipelines and the like in the icing sea area, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental safety risk prevention and control of offshore oil platforms, and relates to a sound wave detection method, in particular to a method capable of detecting an oil layer formed by overflow and leakage of oil under an ice layer.
Background
A great deal of oil production is concentrated in the high-altitude ice sea areas of the northern hemisphere, and the transportation routes for these oils also mostly pass through the ice sea areas. If oil spillage occurs in an icing sea area, particularly under a sea ice layer, the mature oil spillage monitoring and surveillance technology for an open water area cannot be effectively used at present, manual visual observation is often more difficult due to covering of ice and snow, and after an ice cover is gradually melted, oil spillage accumulated for a long time forms serious damage and pollution to the marine environment.
The oil spill accident that takes place in freezing sea area is different from open water area, because crude oil and sea ice interact, brings very big difficulty for the monitoring of oil spill under the ice. The sea ice in the offshore sea area of the icing sea area is mainly fixed ice or a large area of ice sources, and the sea area further offshore has a large number of ice ridges, water channels, tidal cracks, accumulated ice or overlapped ice. The spilled oil is mostly light oil, has a specific gravity similar to that of sea ice, and is collected on the surface of sea water or below a sea ice layer. Regions where sea ice meets oil spills, migration of oil spills to ice bank edges, accumulation in waterways and water parks near overlapping ice, penetration of oil spills through the ice itself, accumulation inside overlapping ice, accumulation in ice accretion and large areas, etc. typically occur. For oil spilling behaviors of the ice regions, particularly oil spilling behaviors covered by the ice layer, at present, sea ice and oil spilling are difficult to distinguish and penetrate the ice layer covering by mature technologies aiming at oil spilling monitoring and monitoring of open water areas, such as water surface and aerial visual inspection, optical remote sensing, radar, satellite remote sensing and the like, so that the optimal effect cannot be achieved when the oil spilling detection requirement under the ice layer is met.
The acoustic detection method for oil spilling under the ice layer of the offshore oil drilling platform in the ice sea area can provide new means and measures for real-time oil spilling monitoring, sudden oil spilling source position investigation, ice area oil spilling pollution diffusion range measurement, transboundary pollutant transportation monitoring and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a detection method for rapidly and accurately finding an oil layer under an ice layer by sound waves.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a sound wave detection method for oil spilling under an ice layer of an offshore oil drilling platform in an iced sea area comprises the following steps:
first, lay out the measuring device
And (3) placing the receiving and transmitting combined transducer 1 below the area to be measured, wherein the sound axis of the receiving and transmitting combined transducer 1 is vertical to the lower surface of the area to be measured, and transmitting a sound wave signal 4 from the sea bottom to the sea surface. Setting the frequency of the transmitting and receiving combined transducer 1 and other acoustic wave signal parameters, wherein the transmitting signal covers 20kHz-40kHz, 40kHz-80kHz, 100kHz-200kHz, CW and LFM pulses, and the pulse width of the CW signal is 5 periods. The area to be measured comprises sea ice 2 and an oil spilling layer 3.
And secondly, controlling a transmitting sound wave signal 4 sent by the transmitting-receiving combined transducer 1 by a signal generator 6 additionally provided with a power amplifier, transmitting the transmitting sound wave signal 4 in water, reflecting the transmitting sound wave signal 4 after the transmitting sound wave signal acts on an area to be detected (namely the transmitting sound wave signal 4 reaches the lower surface of the sea surface and is reflected back when encountering sea ice, petroleum or seawater), receiving a reflected echo signal by the transmitting-receiving combined transducer 1, and storing the signal by a signal collector 7. The transmitted sound wave signal 4 is a broadband long pulse signal.
If the transmitted sound wave signal 4 is x (t), the reflected wave on the lower surface of the oil spilling layer 3 is y1(t) the reflected wave on the upper surface of the oil spilling layer 3 is y2(t) the reflected wave of the lower surface of the ice layer is y3(t) the reflected wave on the upper surface of the ice layer is y4(t) of (d). The received reflected wave signal 5 is y (t) y1(t)+y2(t)+y3(t)+y4(t)。
And thirdly, performing time-frequency domain and time domain processing on the echo signals received by the receiving and transmitting combined transducer 1 to obtain frequency domain results and time domain results, and extracting the characteristic information of the lower surface of the ice layer or the oil layer. The specific method comprises the following steps: data quick detection and time domain waveform comparison.
Fourthly, comparing and analyzing the received reflected wave signal 5 and the transmitted sound wave signal 4; using the frequency domain result obtained in the third step for analyzing and judging whether the oil overflow layer 3 exists under the ice layer and the diffusion range of the oil overflow layer 3; and (4) analyzing the thickness of the oil layer 3 under the ice layer by using the time domain result obtained in the third step. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
carrying out data quick detection on the received signals, analyzing the time domain waveform of the reflected wave signals 5y (t), searching the number of peak points on a time domain waveform curve, and judging the type of the area to be detected, which specifically comprises the following steps:
if the number of the peak points is 2, the area to be detected is the surface of the seawater.
If the number of the peak points is 4, the area to be detected is a 2-ice layer, and 3 oil overflow layers are arranged below the 2-ice layer. At this moment, an oil overflow layer 3 exists, and the thickness of the oil overflow layer is judged by the time difference of the reflected signals of the upper surface and the lower surface of the oil overflow layer 3, which specifically comprises the following steps: according to the formula S ═ vo·ToCalculating the thickness of the oil layer 3 to be spilled, where S represents a 2-fold value of the thickness of the region to be measured, ToRepresenting the time difference, v, of the signals reflected by the upper and lower surfaces of the oil spill layer 3oRepresenting a sound velocity of about 1457m/s for acoustic waves in oil.
If there are 3 peak points, it means that the region to be measured may have only the ice layer 2 or the oil spill layer 3. It is necessary to judge whether the area is sea ice or oil overflow layer by means of manual visual inspection or other image methods.
If the reflected signal has time domain discontinuity or abnormal peak, the data is considered invalid, and the measurement needs to be performed again.
And fifthly, judging whether the area to be detected is the 3 oil spilling layer or the 2 sea ice according to the basis of the fourth step, and gradually checking the coverage area of the oil spilling layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the method described in the literature "radar monitoring technology research for oil spill in ice region", the method can directly detect the oil spill from the sea under ice by an acoustic method, and can detect the oil spill floating on the sea surface without radar;
(2) compared with the method disclosed in the literature, "radar monitoring technology research for oil spill in ice region", the method disclosed by the invention can be used for judging whether oil spill exists under the ice layer or not through the density difference between the petroleum and the seawater without acquiring an oil film fingerprint library.
(3) Compared with the method of the Bohai sea ice region oil spilling forecast microcomputer system, the method can monitor the oil spilling condition under ice in real time, and can give an alarm in time once an oil spilling accident occurs. No forecasting and analysis of oil spill behavior is required.
(4) The technology can be popularized and applied to underwater detection of sea ice or marine microbial communities and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of measurement placement.
In the figure: 1 receiving and transmitting a combined energy-replacing device; 2, sea ice; 3 overflowing the oil layer; 4 transmitting a sound wave signal; 5 reflected wave signal, 6 signal generator of power amplifier and 7 signal collector.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A sound wave detection method for oil spilling under an ice layer of an offshore oil drilling platform in an iced sea area is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
firstly, a transmitting and receiving combined transducer 1 is adopted to set acoustic wave signal parameters such as frequency and the like according to the field environment, and acoustic wave pulse signals are transmitted from the sea bottom to the sea surface. And placing the receiving and transmitting combined transducer 1 below the region to be measured, wherein the sound axis of the receiving and transmitting combined transducer 1 is vertical to the lower surface of the region to be measured. The measurement arrangement is as shown in figure 2, the transducer 1 is combined and transmitted, the sound axis of the transducer is vertical to the lower surfaces of the sea ice 2 and the oil spilling layer 3 of the area to be measured, and the sound wave signal 4 is transmitted. And the signal generator 6 added with a power amplifier controls the transmitting sound wave signal 4 sent by the transmitting-receiving transducer 1.
And secondly, the emitted sound waves are transmitted in water, the sound waves reach the areas to be measured 2 and 3 on the lower surface of the sea surface and are reflected when encountering sea ice, oil or a sea water plane, the reflected wave signals 5 are received by the receiving and transmitting combined transducer 1 and are stored by the signal collector 7, and the reflected wave signals 5 comprise characteristic parameter information, such as thickness and the like, of the ice layer 2 and the oil spill layer 3.
And thirdly, processing the echo signal received by the transducer 1, and extracting a reflection signal of the lower surface, namely a reflection signal of the surface of the petroleum or sea ice.
And finally, judging whether the lower surface is an oil overflow layer or not according to the reflected signal parameters of the lower surface, and further analyzing the thickness of the oil overflow layer.
Carrying out data quick detection on the received signals, analyzing the time domain waveform of the reflected wave signals 5y (t), searching the number of peak points on a time domain waveform curve, and judging the type of the area to be detected, which specifically comprises the following steps: if the number of the peak points is 2, the area to be detected is the surface of the seawater. If the number of the peak points is 4, the area to be detected is a 2-ice layer, and 3 oil overflow layers are arranged below the 2-ice layer. At this moment, an oil overflow layer 3 exists, and the thickness of the oil overflow layer is judged by the time difference of the reflected signals of the upper surface and the lower surface of the oil overflow layer 3, which specifically comprises the following steps:
if there are 3 peak points, it means that the region to be measured may have only the ice layer 2 or the oil spill layer 3. Further, it is judged whether the ice layer 2 or the oil overflow layer 3 is present, based on the time difference between the peak points.
And judging whether the area to be detected is the 3 oil spilling layer or the 2 sea ice according to the basis of the fourth step, and gradually checking the coverage area of the oil spilling layer.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, but not should be understood as the limitation of the scope of the invention patent, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A sound wave detection method for oil spilling under an ice layer of an offshore oil drilling platform in an iced sea area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
first, lay out the measuring device
Placing the receiving and transmitting combined transducer (1) below the area to be measured, wherein the sound axis of the receiving and transmitting combined transducer (1) is vertical to the lower surface of the area to be measured, and transmitting a sound wave signal (4) from the sea bottom to the sea surface;
secondly, a signal generator (6) additionally provided with a power amplifier controls a transmitting sound wave signal (4) sent by a transmitting-receiving combined energy-exchanging device (1), the transmitting sound wave signal (4) is transmitted in water and reflected after acting on an area to be detected, a reflected wave signal (5) reflected back is received by the transmitting-receiving combined energy-exchanging device (1), and a signal collector (7) stores the signal;
if the transmitted sound wave signal (4) is x (t), the reflected wave on the lower surface of the oil overflow layer (3) is y1(t) the reflected wave on the upper surface of the oil overflow layer (3) is y2(t) the reflected wave of the lower surface of the ice layer is y3(t) the reflected wave on the upper surface of the ice layer is y4(t); the received reflected wave signal (5) is y (t) y1(t)+y2(t)+y3(t)+y4(t)；
Thirdly, performing time-frequency domain and time domain processing on the echo signals received by the receiving and transmitting combined energy-displacing device (1) to obtain frequency domain results and time domain results, and extracting characteristic information of the lower surface of the ice layer or the oil layer;
fourthly, comparing and analyzing the received reflected wave signal (5) with the transmitted sound wave signal (4); analyzing and judging whether an oil overflow layer (3) exists under the ice layer and the diffusion range of the oil overflow layer (3) by using the frequency domain result obtained in the third step; the time domain result obtained in the third step is used for analyzing the thickness of the oil layer (3) under the ice layer; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
analyzing the time domain waveform of the reflected wave signal (5) y (t), searching the number of peak points on a time domain waveform curve, and judging the type of the area to be detected, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
if the number of the peak points is 2, the area to be detected is the surface of the seawater;
if the number of the peak points is 4, the area to be detected is an ice layer (2), and an oil overflow layer (3) is arranged below the ice layer (2); at the moment, an oil overflow layer (3) exists, and the thickness of the oil overflow layer is judged according to the time difference of signals reflected by the upper surface and the lower surface of the oil overflow layer (3);
if the number of the peak points is 3, the fact that the region to be detected only has an ice layer (2) or an oil spilling layer (3) is indicated; the sea ice or the oil overflow layer is judged by means of manual visual inspection or other image methods;
if the reflected signal has the conditions of time domain discontinuity or abnormal peak value and the like, the data is regarded as invalid, and the measurement needs to be carried out again;
and fifthly, judging whether the area to be detected is the oil overflow layer (3) or the ice layer (2) according to the basis of the fourth step, and gradually checking the coverage area of the oil overflow layer.
2. The acoustic detection method for oil spilling under the ice layer of the offshore oil drilling platform in the frozen sea area according to claim 1,the method is characterized in that when an oil overflow layer (3) exists, the thickness of the oil overflow layer is judged according to the time difference of the reflected signals of the upper surface and the lower surface of the oil overflow layer (3), and the method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the formula S ═ vo·ToCalculating the thickness of the oil layer (3) to be overflowed, wherein S represents a value 2 times the thickness of the region to be measured, ToRepresenting the time difference of the reflected signals of the upper and lower surfaces of the oil overflow layer (3), voRepresenting the sound velocity of sound waves in oil.
3. The acoustic detection method for oil spill under ice layer of offshore oil drilling platform in icy sea area according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmitting signal of the transceiver/transducer (1) covers 20kHz-40kHz, 40kHz-80kHz, 100kHz-200kHz, CW and LFM pulses, and the pulse width of CW signal is 5 cycles.
4. The acoustic detection method for oil spill under the ice layer of the offshore oil drilling platform in the ice sea area according to claim 1, wherein the transmitted acoustic signal (4) is a broadband long pulse signal.
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Citations (6)
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| US20170082593A1 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | Timothy J. Nedwed | Detecting Oil Under Ice |
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-
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- 2020-09-19 CN CN202010990190.1A patent/CN112197915B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5095754A (en) * | 1989-07-12 | 1992-03-17 | Jeffrey A. Simpson | Apparatus and method for detection of icing onset and ice thickness |
| US20170082593A1 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | Timothy J. Nedwed | Detecting Oil Under Ice |
| CN105241401A (en) * | 2015-09-26 | 2016-01-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Acoustic measuring method of thickness of ice layer |
| CN106872572A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-06-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | The vertical acoustical reflection factor measuring method of ice sheet rough surface |
| CN108680234A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-10-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of water-depth measurement method of quarice layer medium |
| CN110440685A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-11-12 | 金华航大北斗应用技术有限公司 | A kind of GNSS-R bank base offshore spilled oil remote detecting method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| CHRISTOPHER BASSETT ET AL.: "Broadband acoustic backscatter from crude oil under laboratory-grown sea ice", 《ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA》 * |
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