CN112197694A - Departure angle measuring device and method - Google Patents

Departure angle measuring device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112197694A
CN112197694A CN201911100789.7A CN201911100789A CN112197694A CN 112197694 A CN112197694 A CN 112197694A CN 201911100789 A CN201911100789 A CN 201911100789A CN 112197694 A CN112197694 A CN 112197694A
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base station
signal
frequency
user
harmonic
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贺冲
曹岸杰
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction

Abstract

A departure angle measurement apparatus and method, comprising: a base station side and a user side having a dual-element transmit antenna array, wherein: the base station end transmits periodic modulation to the user end in a time-sharing space radiation mode, and the user end receives signals and performs frequency spectrum analysis on harmonic waves so as to determine the direction of the user end relative to the base station end; and the base station end realizes time-sharing space radiation through a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch. The base station only needs two antenna units at least, and has the advantages of high precision and high direction finding speed.

Description

Departure angle measuring device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of radio engineering, in particular to a device and a method for measuring a departure angle of a base station at a user side through a single antenna.
Background
The departure angle measurement has important application in the fields of wireless positioning and navigation. In the existing positioning service of 3G/4G mobile communication, the base station generally measures the position of the user by using a triangulation angle or TOA method. For mobile users, limited by the size and complexity of the terminal and the orientation of the terminal changing with time, a single antenna is often used, and it is difficult to determine the azimuth angle of the user relative to the base station by using an array direction-finding method. The existing solutions usually transmit a certain regular signal through an array at the base station end, and then estimate its position relative to the base station through the change of Received Signal Strength (RSSI) at the mobile end. The departure angle direction-finding method is long in time consumption and low in precision.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a departure angle measuring device and a departure angle measuring method, wherein a base station end transmits a wireless signal to a user end and periodically modulates the transmitted signal; the user side demodulates the received signal, and analyzes the frequency spectrum characteristic of the harmonic wave of the received signal to determine the direction of the user side relative to the base station side, and the base station side only needs two antenna units at minimum, so that the method has the advantages of high precision and high direction finding speed.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the present invention relates to a departure angle measuring apparatus, including: a base station side and a user side having a dual-element transmit antenna array, wherein: the base station end transmits periodic modulation to the user end in a time-sharing space radiation mode, and the user end receives signals and performs frequency spectrum analysis on harmonic waves so as to determine the direction of the user end relative to the base station end; and the base station end realizes time-sharing space radiation through a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch.
The base station end comprises: the system comprises a microprocessor, a digital-to-analog converter, an upper mixer with a first local oscillator, a low-pass filter, a power amplifier, a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch and a double-unit transmitting antenna array connected with the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch, wherein the microprocessor, the digital-to-analog converter, the upper mixer, the low-pass filter, the power amplifier, the single-pole double-throw.
The user side comprises: the low-noise low-frequency mixer comprises a receiving antenna, a low-noise amplifier, a down mixer with a second local oscillator, a low-pass filter, a digital-to-analog converter and a microprocessor which are connected in sequence.
The dual-unit transmitting antenna array consists of two antenna units.
The invention relates to a departure angle measuring method based on the device, which transmits a periodically modulated wireless signal to a user terminal through a base station terminal, and carries out time-sharing and space radiation on the transmitted signal through a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch and a double-unit antenna array, wherein the wireless signal generates harmonic components with the same frequency interval as the modulation frequency; and the user side demodulates the received signal and determines the direction of the user side relative to the base station side by analyzing the energy ratio of the fundamental component and the harmonic component in the received signal.
The received signal is specifically
Figure BDA0002269799440000021
Wherein: the base station transmits the signal with amplitude A0Initial phase of phi0And the carrier frequency is FcThe single frequency signal of (a); the single-pole double-throw switch controls the transmitting signal to alternately switch on the two antenna units, and the modulation period is Tp(ii) a In a modulation period TpIn the dual-element transmitting antenna array, the time for switching on the first antenna element is (0, T)p/2]The second antenna element in the two-element transmit antenna array is turned on for a time (T)p/2,Tp](ii) a D is the distance between two antenna units in the base station end double-unit transmitting antenna array, and K is corresponding FcWave number of (e), theta0Is the emission angle of the signal; the simplified received signal is
Figure BDA0002269799440000022
Wherein: periodic function
Figure BDA0002269799440000023
After being unfolded
Figure BDA0002269799440000024
Fp＝1/TpTo modulate frequency, alphakFourier coefficient of the kth harmonic, i.e. received signal sr(t) comprises a frequency interval of FpAnd the fundamental component is:
Figure BDA0002269799440000025
the positive first harmonic component is:
Figure BDA0002269799440000026
wherein: alpha is alpha0And alpha1Are respectively provided withThe amplitude of the fundamental component and the positive first harmonic component in the received signal, the ratio thereof
Figure BDA0002269799440000027
The analysis refers to: performing spectrum analysis on the signal received by the user terminal according to the amplitude alpha of the fundamental component and the positive harmonic component0And alpha1Obtaining a base station departure angle
Figure BDA0002269799440000031
Wherein: d is the distance between two antenna units at the base station end, and K is corresponding FcIs the ratio of the amplitudes of the fundamental and positive first harmonic components.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating symbol signs of an in-phase branch and a quadrature branch after raised cosine filtering according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a time domain signal of the in-phase branch and the quadrature branch after up-conversion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a frequency spectrum of a transmitted signal after up-conversion and before periodic modulation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a normalized power spectrum of a received signal when a user is in the +20 direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a normalized power spectrum of a received signal when a user is in the-40 orientation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a normalized power spectrum of a received signal when a user is in the +60 direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the radio frequency modulation system comprises a microprocessor 1, a digital-to-analog converter 2, an upper mixer 3, a first local oscillator 4, a low-pass filter 5, a power amplifier 6, a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 7, a double-unit transmitting antenna array 8, a receiving antenna 9, a low-noise amplifier 10, a lower mixer 11, a second local oscillator 12, a low-pass filter 13, a digital-to-analog converter 14, a microprocessor 15, a base station terminal 16 and a user terminal 17.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a departure angle measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment includes: a base station side 16 and a user side 17, wherein: the base station 16 transmits the periodically modulated wireless signal to the user terminal 17 by using a time-sharing spatial radiation method, and the user terminal 17 receives the signal and performs a spectrum analysis on the harmonic wave, thereby determining the direction of the user terminal relative to the base station 16.
The base station 16 includes: sequentially connecting a microprocessor 1, a digital-to-analog converter 2, an upper mixer 3, a low-pass filter 5, a power amplifier 6, a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 7, a double-unit transmitting antenna array 8 and a first local oscillator 4, wherein: the first local oscillator is connected with the upper frequency mixer 3, and the double-unit transmitting antenna array 8 is connected with the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 7 to realize time-sharing space radiation.
The user terminal 17 includes: a receiving antenna 9, a low noise amplifier 10, a down mixer 11, a low pass filter 13, a digital-to-analog converter 14, a microprocessor 15, and a second local oscillator 12 connected in sequence, wherein: the second local oscillator 12 is connected to the down-mixer 11.
The embodiment relates to a departure angle measuring method based on the device, which comprises the steps of transmitting a periodically modulated wireless signal to a user terminal 17 through a base station terminal 16, carrying out time-sharing spatial radiation on the transmitted signal through a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch 7 and a double-unit antenna array 8, and generating a harmonic component with the same frequency interval and modulation frequency by the wireless signal; while the user terminal 17 demodulates the received signal, it determines its own direction with respect to the base station terminal 16 by analyzing the energy ratio of the fundamental component to the harmonic component in the received signal.
In the process of the space radiation of the wireless signals, the energy ratio of the fundamental wave component to the first harmonic component is different in different radiation directions. When the antenna is close to the normal direction of the double-element antenna array 8, the fundamental component is maximum, and the first harmonic component is minimum; as the incident angle increases, the fundamental component decreases and the first harmonic component increases.
In the embodiment, a base station terminal 16 transmits a 16QAM signal, and the number of bits to be transmitted is 256; firstly, mapping 01 bit information into code element symbols of a 16QAM modulation signal, and then performing a filter through a raised cosine filter, wherein the code element symbols of an in-phase branch and a quadrature branch after raised cosine filtering are shown in figure 1; then up-converting the baseband signal into a radio frequency signal with a carrier frequency of 1GHz, and obtaining time domain signals of the in-phase branch and the quadrature branch and frequency spectrums of the superposed transmission signals as shown in fig. 3 and 4 respectively; then, a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch is used for carrying out periodic modulation on the up-converted 16QAM signal, wherein the modulation period is 100ns, namely in one period and in the first 50ns time, a transmitting channel is connected with a first antenna unit; within the last 50ns time, the transmit channel turns on the second antenna element.
When the user is in the +20 ° direction, the signal-to-noise ratio is 10dB, and the normalized frequency spectrum of the 16QAM signal after the user side is modulated is shown in fig. 5; after periodic modulation, fundamental wave components and harmonic wave components appear, the frequency interval between the harmonic wave components is equal to the modulation frequency (10MHz), and the fundamental wave components are larger than the first harmonic wave components; because the 16QAM signal has a certain bandwidth, 56 frequency point data are selected by taking the carrier frequency (1GHz) as the center according to the number of sampled points and the frequency resolution, and the corresponding fundamental component alpha is respectively solved0And harmonic component alpha1Then substitute it into
Figure BDA0002269799440000041
And calculating the direction of the current user, and taking the average value of the 56 measured angles as a final estimation result to obtain that the azimuth angle of the current user is 19.92 degrees.
For further verification, the azimuth angle of the user is set to be-40 degrees, the simulation experiment steps are repeated, and the normalized frequency spectrum of the received signal is obtained and is shown in fig. 6; comparing fig. 6 with fig. 5, it can be seen that: when absolute value of azimuth angle | theta0When |, the fundamental component is correspondingly reduced, the positive harmonic component is correspondingly increased, and the obtained estimated value of the azimuth angle of the current user is-40.31 °.
Further, setting the azimuth angle of the user to +60 degrees, and repeating the simulation experiment steps to obtain the normalized frequency spectrum of the received signal as shown in fig. 7; comparing fig. 7, 6 and 5, it can be seen that the absolute value of the azimuth angle isValue of | θ0When | is further increased, the fundamental component is smaller than the positive first harmonic component, and the obtained estimated value of the azimuth angle of the current user is +60.49 °
At the user end 17, a band-pass filter is designed, so that a specific fundamental component or harmonic component can be taken out, and then the information of the signal transmitted by the base station end can be completely recovered by digitally demodulating the filtered signal. Therefore, the embodiment can measure the departure angle of the base station while completing data transmission; to avoid frequency aliasing between harmonics, the modulation frequency of the base station side 16 rf switch should be larger than the bandwidth of the transmitted signal.
Through specific practical experiments, under the specific environment setting that the modulation frequency of the transmitted signal is greater than the signal bandwidth, the incident direction of the signal can be estimated by measuring the fundamental component and the harmonic component in the received signal.
Compared with the prior art, the method reduces the number of antennas and channels at the receiving end, and can estimate the direction of the receiving end relative to the base station end by using a single antenna and a single radio frequency channel.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (8)

1. A departure angle measuring apparatus, comprising: a base station side and a user side having a dual-element transmit antenna array, wherein: the base station end transmits periodic modulation to the user end in a time-sharing space radiation mode, and the user end receives signals and performs frequency spectrum analysis on harmonic waves so as to determine the direction of the user end relative to the base station end; and the base station end realizes time-sharing space radiation through a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch.
2. The departure angle measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said base station side comprises: the system comprises a microprocessor, a digital-to-analog converter, an upper mixer with a first local oscillator, a low-pass filter, a power amplifier, a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch and a double-unit transmitting antenna array connected with the single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch, wherein the microprocessor, the digital-to-analog converter, the upper mixer, the low-pass filter, the power amplifier, the single-pole double-throw.
3. The departure angle measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said user terminal comprises: the low-noise low-frequency mixer comprises a receiving antenna, a low-noise amplifier, a down mixer with a second local oscillator, a low-pass filter, a digital-to-analog converter and a microprocessor which are connected in sequence.
4. A method for measuring a departure angle based on the device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a periodically modulated wireless signal is transmitted to a user terminal through a base station, and the transmitted signal is time-division radiated to space through a single-pole double-throw rf switch and a double-element antenna array, and the wireless signal generates a harmonic component with the same frequency interval as the modulation frequency; and the user side demodulates the received signal and determines the direction of the user side relative to the base station side by analyzing the energy ratio of the fundamental component and the harmonic component in the received signal.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said analyzing comprises: performing spectrum analysis on the signal received by the user terminal according to the amplitude alpha of the fundamental component and the positive harmonic component0And alpha1Obtaining a base station departure angle
Figure FDA0002269799430000011
Wherein: d is the distance between two antenna units at the base station end, and K is corresponding FcIs the ratio of the amplitudes of the fundamental and positive first harmonic components.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the periodic modulation is: in different radiation directions, the energy ratio of the fundamental component to the first harmonic component is different, and when the energy ratio is close to the normal direction of the double-element antenna array, the fundamental component is maximum, and the first harmonic component is minimum; as the incident angle increases, the fundamental component decreases and the first harmonic component increases.
7. The method according to claim 4 or 6, wherein said periodic modulation is in particular: the base station end transmits a 16QAM signal, and the number of bits to be transmitted is 256; firstly mapping 01 bit information into code element symbols of a 16QAM modulation signal, performing a filter through a raised cosine filter, performing up-conversion on a baseband signal into a radio frequency signal with a carrier frequency of 1GHz, and obtaining time domain signals of an in-phase branch and an orthogonal branch and frequency spectrums of superposed transmitting signals; then, a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch is used for carrying out periodic modulation on the up-converted 16QAM signal, wherein the modulation period is 100ns, namely in one period and in the first 50ns time, a transmitting channel is connected with a first antenna unit; within the last 50ns time, the transmit channel turns on the second antenna element.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein analyzing the energy ratio of the fundamental component to the harmonic component in the received signal comprises: after periodic modulation, a normalized frequency spectrum of the 16QAM signal generates fundamental wave components and harmonic wave components, the frequency interval between the harmonic wave components is equal to modulation frequency, and the fundamental wave components are larger than first harmonic wave components; according to the number of the sampled points and the frequency resolution, data of 56 frequency points are selected by taking the carrier frequency as the center, and corresponding fundamental wave components alpha are respectively obtained0And harmonic component alpha1Then substitute it into
Figure FDA0002269799430000021
And calculating the direction of the current user, and taking the average value of the 56 measured angles as a final estimation result to obtain the azimuth angle of the current user.
CN201911100789.7A 2019-11-12 2019-11-12 Departure angle measuring device and method Pending CN112197694A (en)

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CN113791380A (en) * 2021-09-27 2021-12-14 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 UWB angle measurement method, terminal device, tag device, and storage medium

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