CN112196493A - Improved well completion process method suitable for water-saturated thick-layer fine sand layer - Google Patents
Improved well completion process method suitable for water-saturated thick-layer fine sand layer Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/44—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing organic binders only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/504—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/506—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/508—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
- C09K8/514—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. polysaccharides, cellulose
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/01—Arrangements for handling drilling fluids or cuttings outside the borehole, e.g. mud boxes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of special stratum drilling and pile drilling construction processes, and particularly relates to a well completion process improvement method suitable for a water-saturated thick layer fine sand layer, which comprises the steps of improving a drilling mode, a drill bit structure of a circulating drill and chemical retaining wall mud; the improvement of the well drilling mode comprises the combined operation of forward circulation and reverse circulation, namely, the forward circulation drilling machine is adopted for operation when the upper layer geology is drilled; when the circulating drill bit of the drilling machine enters the fine sand layer, the reverse circulating drilling machine is used for operation; the drill bit structure improvement of the circulating drill is that the upper end of a fixed ring at the top of the drill bit is connected with a retaining wall steel pipe with the same outer diameter as the drill bit; the chemical wall-protecting mud comprises corn starch, cellulose, soda ash, polyacrylamide and proper amount of water. The three modes act together to realize that the well wall protecting wall under special geological conditions is good, stable and free from collapse, and the protecting wall slurry is dissolved in water after being over-aged, so that the effects of normally forming the hole and protecting the wall and not influencing the water permeability of the dewatering well are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of special stratum drilling and pile drilling construction processes, and particularly relates to a well completion process improvement method suitable for a water-saturated thick layer fine sand layer.
Background
In building foundation ditch work progress, often meet the abundant condition of groundwater, if meet ground water level and be higher than the excavation bottom surface, in groundwater can constantly permeate the foundation ditch, can be under the dry condition construction for guaranteeing the foundation ditch, prevent the slope unstability, the basic quicksand, the pit bottom uplift, the production of the condition such as pit bottom piping and ground bearing capacity decline, need drill the well precipitation, let during groundwater gushes the precipitation well, thereby can reduce ground water level, guarantee with this that the foundation ditch can be under construction smoothly, therefore the water permeability of precipitation well is very important.
The existing well forming technology adopts a forward circulation or reverse circulation process, but for a heterogeneous water-saturated thick-layer silty-fine sand layer which contains more water and contains calcareous nucleuses and silty-fine sand, the existing well forming means often easily causes the defects of drill rod fracture, poor wall protection effect, easy collapse and the like, and meanwhile, the existing single circulation drilling mode is difficult to form a well quickly. The calcareous concretion is a tuberculous autogenous sediment consisting of calcium carbonate, and has the characteristics of sticky texture, poor structure, more vertical crack development, small pores, large swelling and shrinking property, poor water storage capacity and water retention capacity of soil, easy dry cracking and soil moisture leakage and the like; and for the fine sand layer, the fine sand layer is very easy to have the conditions of sand flowing, hole collapse, buried drilling and the like because of fine particles.
In addition, in the existing well-completion process, a clay retaining wall consisting of bentonite and soda ash is adopted in a thick saturated sand layer to ensure that a drill bit is not buried and a hole is not collapsed, so that the drilling depth is completed. The bentonite can be expanded into paste after being added with water, so that the clay content in the clay slurry is very high, and a permeable waterline can be blocked, so that the water permeability of a dewatering well can be seriously influenced, and foundation pit excavation and waterless construction cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides an improved method of a well completion process suitable for a water-saturated thick layer fine sand layer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a kind of well-completion technological improvement method suitable for water-saturated thick layer fine sand layer, this method includes the improvement of drilling mode, bit structure and chemical dado mud of the circulation drilling;
the drilling mode improvement comprises two operations of a forward circulation drilling machine and a reverse circulation drilling machine, namely, the forward circulation drilling machine is used for drilling the upper geology to enhance the wall stability of the upper part in the hole; when the circulating drill bit of the drilling machine enters the fine sand layer, the reverse circulating drilling machine is used for operation;
the drill bit structure improvement of the circulating drill is that the top of the drill bit is connected with a wall protection steel pipe with the same outer diameter as the drill bit, the wall protection steel pipe and the drill rod are coaxially arranged, and a slurry channel with a certain distance is arranged between the wall protection steel pipe and the drill rod; the upper end and the lower end of the wall protecting steel pipe are not closed so as to facilitate the circulation of slurry; when the drill bit rotates at a high speed, centrifugal force is generated to throw the slurry onto the well wall, and the outer wall of the wall protection steel pipe is in contact with the slurry on the well wall when the drill bit rotates at a high speed and compacts and smears the slurry evenly;
the chemical wall-protecting mud comprises corn starch, cellulose, soda ash, polyacrylamide and proper amount of water.
Further, the chemical wall protection slurry contains 300 parts by mass of 200-starch, 2-10 parts by mass of cellulose, 5-16 parts by mass of soda ash and 6-20 parts by mass of polyacrylamide. The corn starch, the cellulose and the polyacrylamide in the formula are used for replacing bentonite, so that the wall protection effect can be ensured, the formula has water solubility with certain time efficiency, the wall protection slurry is dissolved in water after being subjected to overaging, normal drilling is ensured, the water permeability of the dewatering well is not influenced, and after pore forming, the well washing of the lower cement pipe can be completed within 10-15 minutes, so that smooth drilling, stable wall protection, unblocked underground waterline and high water permeability of the dewatering well are ensured.
Further, the properties of the retaining wall slurry are as follows: viscosity is greater than 25-30, pH is 8-10, and specific gravity is 1.09-1.15.
Further, a chemical slurry tank is arranged on one side of the wellhead, and a slurry pump is placed in the chemical slurry tank; when the positive circulation drilling machine operates, the wall protection mud is pumped into the drill rod from the chemical mud pool through the positive circulation water inlet pipe by a mud pump, is continuously conveyed into a drilling well through the drill rod, is naturally discharged from the well mouth of the drilling well, and simultaneously brings the drilling slag back into the chemical mud pool for reuse through the positive circulation water return pipe communicated with the well mouth. The positive circulation operation has good wall protection effect of the slurry, and can lay a better foundation for subsequent construction.
Furthermore, when the reverse circulation drilling machine works, the reverse circulation water inlet pipe is used for conveying the wall protection slurry from the chemical slurry pool into the drilling well, and then the slurry pump is used for pumping the slurry from the drilling rod to the chemical slurry pool through the reverse circulation water return pipe. The circulation capacity and the slag discharge capacity of reverse circulation are both strong, so that the drilling can be performed quickly, the slag discharge is clean, and the cleaning of the sediment at the bottom of the hole is facilitated.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the invention improves the well completion process suitable for a water-saturated thick-layer fine sand layer through three aspects, namely, the forward circulation and the reverse circulation are combined for drilling, the wall protection steel pipe for wall protection is arranged outside a drill bit, and new chemical wall protection slurry is prepared. The technical problems that the traditional well forming process is difficult in wall protection, difficult in pore forming, easy in drill bit burying, and seriously influences the water permeability of the dewatering well once the clay wall protection amount is too large under the special geological condition are solved. In addition, the invention greatly reduces the labor amount, saves the fund, has good economical efficiency and strong practicability; the method is particularly suitable for quickly forming the dewatering well in a pure sand layer drilling area, an area with abundant underground water and an area with the underground water as confined water; no dust is raised in the drilling process, and the method is green and environment-friendly.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a forward circulation well in accordance with the present invention;
figure 2 is a schematic of reverse circulation drilling of the present invention.
Wherein:
1. a chemical mud pit; 2. a slurry pump; 3. drilling a well; 4. a drill stem; 5. a positive circulation water inlet pipe; 6. a positive circulation water return pipe; 7. a reverse circulation water return pipe; 8. a reverse circulation water return pipe; 9. a drill bit; 10. a wall protecting steel pipe; 11. a slurry channel.
Detailed Description
The drawings in the embodiments of the invention will be combined; the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described; obviously; the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the invention; rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step; all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the invention discloses a well completion process improvement method suitable for a water-saturated thick-layer fine sand layer, the well completion process of the special bottom layer is improved in three aspects of a drilling mode, a drill bit structure of a circulating drill and reconfiguration of chemical retaining wall mud, and the technical problems that the wall protection is difficult, the pore-forming is difficult, the drill bit is easy to bury, the water permeability of a dewatering well is seriously influenced once the using amount of a clay retaining wall is too large in the traditional well drilling technology on the fine sand layer rich in the calcareous concretion body powder and the like are solved.
Specifically, the currently common drilling mode of the circulation drilling is one of a positive circulation mode or a reverse circulation mode; it is known that the positive and negative circulation refers to the circulation mode of the mud in the drilling machine, the drilling machine drill bit can generate dregs, slag stones and the like during drilling, the drilling dregs can be brought to the ground by the mud through the positive and negative circulation, and the mud returns to the drilling hole after being settled by the settling pond. The hole is formed finally after the continuous circulation. The mud or water enters from the drill rod and flows out from the wellhead to be a positive circulation well drilling; the mud is drawn out of the drill pipe and flows into the well from the wellhead as reverse circulation drilling. However, for the geology of the fine sand layer with the water-saturated thick layer at the upper layer, the problems of hole collapse and bottom slag discharge cannot be solved simultaneously by adopting any drilling mode; therefore, the invention adopts two devices of a forward circulation drilling machine and a reverse circulation drilling machine, and adopts forward circulation footage when drilling the geology of the upper water-saturated thick-layer silty sand layer to ensure that the gravity pressure difference of the retaining wall slurry can stabilize sand particles without hole collapse. As shown in fig. 1, a chemical mud pool 1 is arranged on one side of a wellhead of a drilling well 3, a mud pump 2 is placed in the chemical mud pool 1, wall protection mud is pumped into a drill rod 4 from the chemical mud pool 1 through a positive circulation water inlet pipe 5, is continuously conveyed into the drilling well 3 through the drill rod 4, is naturally discharged from the wellhead, and meanwhile, drilling slag is brought back into the chemical mud pool 1 for reuse through a positive circulation water return pipe 6 communicated with the wellhead; the forward circulation footage is slower, but the wall protection effect of the slurry is good, and a good construction foundation can be laid for subsequent construction. As shown in fig. 2, when the circulating drill bit 9 drills into a fine sand layer, a reverse circulation drilling machine with a fast advancing ruler is used for operation, wall protection mud is conveyed from the chemical mud pit 1 into the drilled well 3 through a reverse circulation water inlet pipe 7, and then the mud is pumped into the chemical mud pit 1 from the drill rod 4 through a reverse circulation water return pipe 8 by using a mud pump 2; the circulation capacity and the slag discharge capacity of reverse circulation are both strong, so that the drilling can be performed quickly, the slag discharge is clean, and the cleaning of the sediment at the bottom of the hole is facilitated.
In addition, the invention improves the structure of the drill bit of the circulating drill; specifically, a wall protecting steel pipe 10 with the outer diameter consistent with the diameter of the drill bit is connected to the top of a traditional three-wing drag bit 9, the wall protecting steel pipe 10 and the drill rod 4 are coaxially arranged, and a slurry channel 11 with a certain distance is arranged between the wall protecting steel pipe 10 and the drill rod 4; the upper end and the lower end of the wall protecting steel pipe 10 are not closed so as to facilitate the circulation of slurry; can produce certain centrifugal force when the high-speed rotation of drill bit 9, get into the mud of drill bit 9 from the mud passageway and get rid of the wall of a well under the effect of centrifugal force on, the outer wall of dado steel pipe 10 contacts and smears the mud compaction with the mud on the wall of a well when following the high-speed rotation of drill bit 9, plays better dado effect, guarantees the wall of a well straightness that hangs down simultaneously, and the setting of dado steel pipe 10 has not only strengthened drill bit 9 intensity moreover, makes drilling rod 4 difficult fracture moreover. Preferably, the thickness of the retaining wall steel pipe is more than 3mm, preferably 5mm, so as to prolong the service life.
Furthermore, the chemical retaining wall slurry is reconfigured, the traditional slurry is composed of 1 wt% of bentonite and 99 wt% of soda ash, wherein the bentonite can expand into paste after being added with water, so that clay particles in the components of the clay slurry have very high content, and permeable waterlines can be stuck, so that the water permeability of a dewatering well can be seriously influenced, and foundation pit excavation and waterless construction cannot be guaranteed; and after the hole is formed, the well washing effect of the lower cement pipe is poor and the consumed time is long. In order to overcome the defect, the invention sequentially mixes 200-300 parts by mass of corn starch, 6-20 parts by mass of polyacrylamide, 2-10 parts by mass of cellulose and 5-16 parts by mass of soda ash into a proper amount of clear water and uniformly stirs the mixture to obtain the wall protection slurry with the viscosity of more than 25-30, the pH value of 8-10 and the specific gravity of 1.09-1.15. The formulation replaces bentonite with relatively low cost corn starch, cellulose and polyacrylamide. Wherein, the corn starch is added with water to form a shear thickening fluid, which becomes hard under fast impact and can not be hardened under slow impact, so the corn starch plays roles of thickening and accelerating the coagulation of the mud in the wall protection mud; cellulose exists in slurries as binders, caulks and self-leveling agents; polyacrylamide is a linear organic high-molecular polymer and is a high-molecular water treatment flocculant product, and can specially adsorb suspended particles in water, so that the particles have a bridging effect, fine particles form larger flocs, and the settling speed is accelerated; the polyacrylamide has adhesiveness to ensure the wall protection effect, the formula has water solubility with certain time effect under the condition that the PH value of the mud is 8-10, the wall protection mud is dissolved in water after being subjected to over-time effect, normal drilling is guaranteed, the water permeability of a dewatering well is not influenced, after pore forming, well washing of a lower cement pipe can be completed within 10-15 minutes, and the smoothness of an underground waterline is ensured.
In conclusion, the invention improves the well completion process through three aspects, namely, the forward circulation and the reverse circulation are combined for drilling, the wall protection steel pipe for wall protection is arranged outside the drill bit, and new chemical wall protection slurry is prepared, and the three improvements have respective positive effects and supplement each other. Specifically, at the beginning of drilling, in order to avoid the problem that the geology of a water-saturated thick-layer fine sand layer is easy to collapse, a forward circulation drilling mode which is slow in drilling and good in wall protection effect is selected, chemical wall protection mud is compacted and smeared on a well wall by a wall protection steel pipe on a drill bit during drilling, and meanwhile, the wall protection performance and the water permeability of the chemical wall protection mud are good, so that a good foundation is laid for subsequent drilling; after the well is drilled to a certain degree, the well wall basically has no possibility of collapse, and then the reverse circulation operation mode with higher drilling speed is adopted, so that the fast drilling can be realized, the slag discharge is cleaner, and the cleaning of the sediment at the bottom of the hole is facilitated. The whole scheme realizes that the well wall protecting wall is good, stable and free from collapse under the water-saturated thick-layer fine sand layer geology, and the protecting wall slurry is dissolved in water after being over-aged, so that normal drilling is guaranteed, and the water permeability of the dewatering well is not influenced. In addition, the invention greatly reduces the labor amount, saves the fund, has good economical efficiency and strong practicability; the method is particularly suitable for quickly forming the dewatering well in a pure sand layer drilling area, an area with abundant underground water and an area with the underground water as confined water; no dust is raised in the drilling process, and the method is green and environment-friendly.
The embodiments described above are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention; rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step; all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A well completion process improvement method suitable for a water-saturated thick layer fine sand layer is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the improvement of a drilling mode, a drill bit structure of a circulating drill and chemical retaining mud;
the drilling mode improvement comprises the operation by adopting a forward circulation drilling machine and a reverse circulation drilling machine, namely, the forward circulation drilling machine is adopted for operation when the upper-layer geology is drilled; when the circulating drill bit of the drilling machine enters the fine sand layer, the reverse circulating drilling machine is used for operation; a water-saturated thick layer of fine sand;
the drill bit structure improvement of the circulating drill is that the top of the drill bit is connected with a wall protection steel pipe with the same outer diameter as the drill bit, the wall protection steel pipe and the drill rod are coaxially arranged, and a slurry channel with a certain distance is arranged between the wall protection steel pipe and the drill rod; the upper end and the lower end of the wall protecting steel pipe are not closed so as to facilitate the circulation of slurry; when the drill bit rotates at a high speed, centrifugal force is generated to throw the slurry onto the well wall, and the wall protection steel pipe contacts with the slurry on the well wall and compacts and smears the slurry uniformly when rotating at a high speed along with the drill bit;
the chemical wall-protecting mud comprises corn starch, cellulose, soda ash, polyacrylamide and proper amount of water.
2. The improved method of claim 1 for use in a well completion process for a water-saturated thick silt layer, comprising: the chemical wall protection slurry comprises, by mass, 300 parts of 200-300 parts of corn starch, 2-10 parts of cellulose, 5-16 parts of soda ash and 6-20 parts of polyacrylamide.
3. The improved method of completing a well in a water-saturated heavy silt layer of claim 2 wherein the properties of said retaining wall mud are as follows: viscosity is greater than 25-30, pH is 8-10, and specific gravity is 1.09-1.15.
4. The improved well completion process for the water-saturated thick silt layer of claim 3, wherein: a chemical mud tank is arranged on one side of the wellhead, and a mud pump is arranged in the chemical mud tank; when the positive circulation drilling machine operates, the wall protection mud is pumped into the drill rod from the chemical mud pool through the positive circulation water inlet pipe by a mud pump, is continuously conveyed into a drilling well through the drill rod, is naturally discharged from the well mouth of the drilling well, and simultaneously brings the drilling slag back into the chemical mud pool for reuse through the positive circulation water return pipe communicated with the well mouth.
5. The improved well completion process for the water-saturated thick silt layer of claim 3, wherein: when the reverse circulation drilling machine works, the reverse circulation water inlet pipe is used for conveying the wall protection slurry from the chemical slurry pool into a drilling well, and then the slurry pump is used for pumping the slurry from the drilling rod to the chemical slurry pool through the reverse circulation water return pipe.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113585991A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-02 | 广州市璞境生态保护技术有限公司 | Underground water environment monitoring well washing device and method |
| CN113669003A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-19 | 深圳宏业基岩土科技股份有限公司 | Deep rockfill and sludge area breast wall hole forming construction method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113585991A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-02 | 广州市璞境生态保护技术有限公司 | Underground water environment monitoring well washing device and method |
| CN113669003A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-19 | 深圳宏业基岩土科技股份有限公司 | Deep rockfill and sludge area breast wall hole forming construction method |
| CN113669003B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2023-12-15 | 深圳宏业基岩土科技股份有限公司 | Construction method for wall protection pore-forming in deep filled stone and silt region |
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Application publication date: 20210108 |