CN112195543B

CN112195543B - Textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing equipment

Info

Publication number: CN112195543B
Application number: CN202011004114.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐海峰
Original assignee: Suzhou Babetta Textile Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangxi Gangtai Garment Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-22
Filing date: 2020-09-22
Publication date: 2021-12-03
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-22
Also published as: CN112195543A

Abstract

A textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device comprises an ironing mechanism, a moving plate, a fixed frame and a rack, wherein multiple groups of ironing mechanisms are arranged side by side in the transverse direction, each ironing mechanism comprises two groups of ironing assemblies symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction, and each ironing assembly comprises an ironing disc, a rotating shaft, an electromagnetic heater, a first support, a first sliding column, an inclined table, a first elastic piece, a second elastic piece, a roller, a second sliding column, a clamping table, an armature, a second support, a third elastic piece, an electromagnet, a blocking table and a fourth elastic piece; the temperature of the ironing plate in the multiple groups of ironing mechanisms is gradually reduced along the transverse direction, a motor is arranged on a first support in any group of ironing assemblies in each group of ironing mechanisms, an electromagnetic heater is arranged on the first support, the electromagnetic heater faces the ironing plate, and the ironing plate is arranged on a rotating shaft. The invention can continuously remove impurities and iron textile raw materials in the conveying process, has high ironing efficiency, adopts electromagnetic heating and has high energy utilization rate.

Description

Textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of textile material production, in particular to textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing equipment.

Background

Textile materials are a relative concept. For the yarn mill, textile material refers to all natural or chemical fibers used for spinning. The natural fiber includes cotton (white cotton, colored cotton, organic cotton, etc.), hemp (flax, ramie, sisal, etc.), silk (mulberry silk, tussah silk, etc.), and hair (wool, rabbit hair, Australian hair, etc.). The natural fibers are various in types, and cotton, hemp, wool and silk are widely used for spinning for a long time.

Chinese patent publication No. CN108221337A discloses a textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device, which comprises a functional base, wherein a fixed stand column is arranged on the left side of the functional base, the fixed stand column is fixedly connected with the functional base in a welding manner, a right side of the fixed stand column is fixedly connected with a cross beam arm support, a hydraulic motor is arranged at the top of the cross beam arm support, a right side circuit of the hydraulic motor is communicated with a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic cylinder is arranged under the cross beam arm support, the bottom of the hydraulic pump is communicated with the hydraulic cylinder, the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder is movably connected with a functional plate body, and a processing seat platform is arranged under the functional plate body.

However, when the heating resistor in the above technical scheme irones the textile raw material, the textile raw material needs to be stopped from being conveyed, the ironing efficiency is low, moreover, the heat loss of the heating resistor is large, and most of the heat outside the heating resistor is dissipated into the air, so that the loss and waste of electric energy are caused.

Disclosure of Invention

Objects of the invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides the textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing equipment which can continuously remove impurities and iron the textile raw materials in the conveying process, has high ironing efficiency, adopts electromagnetic heating and has high energy utilization rate.

(II) technical scheme

The invention provides a textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device which comprises an ironing mechanism, a moving plate, a fixing frame and a rack, wherein multiple groups of ironing mechanisms are arranged in parallel along the transverse direction, each ironing mechanism comprises two groups of ironing assemblies symmetrically arranged along the vertical direction, and each ironing assembly comprises an ironing disc, a rotating shaft, an electromagnetic heater, a first support, a first sliding column, an inclined table, a first elastic piece, a second elastic piece, a roller, a second sliding column, a clamping table, an armature, a second support, a third elastic piece, an electromagnet, a blocking table and a fourth elastic piece;

the temperature of an ironing disc in a plurality of groups of ironing mechanisms is gradually reduced along the transverse direction, a motor is arranged on a first bracket in any group of ironing assemblies in each group of ironing mechanisms, an electromagnetic heater is arranged on the first bracket, the electromagnetic heater faces the ironing disc, the ironing disc is arranged on a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the first bracket, a first sliding column is arranged on a fixed frame in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, two ends of the first sliding column are respectively connected with the first bracket and an inclined table, one side end surface of the inclined table far away from the first sliding column gradually inclines towards the direction of a roller, two ends of the first elastic part in the vertical direction are respectively connected with the first bracket and the fixed frame, two ends of a second elastic part in the vertical direction are respectively connected with the fixed frame and the inclined table, the second sliding column is arranged on a movable plate and a fixed plate along the axial direction of the second sliding column in the transverse sliding manner, two ends of the second sliding column in the axial direction are respectively connected with the roller and a baffle table, the second sliding column is provided with a clamping groove for clamping the clamping table, the clamping table is connected with the armature, the armature is arranged on the second support in a sliding mode, two ends of the third elastic piece are connected with the clamping table and the second support respectively, the second support and the electromagnet are arranged on the movable plate, two ends of the fourth elastic piece are connected with the blocking table and the fixed plate respectively, the fixed frame is provided with a moving driving mechanism for driving the movable plate to move along the transverse direction, the fixed frame is provided with a moving channel, and the fixed frame is arranged on the rack.

Preferably, the peripheral surface of the ironing disc is provided with an annular groove, the section of the annular groove is semicircular, and a plurality of annular grooves are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the ironing disc.

Preferably, the fixed frame is provided with a third support, the third support is provided with a sliding rod in a sliding manner, the sliding rod is connected with the moving plate, and the moving driving mechanism is an air cylinder or an electric push rod.

Preferably, the nearest distance between the clamping groove on the second sliding column and the fixed plate at the initial position is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the clamping table and the moving plate along the longitudinal direction, a first chamfer is arranged at the position of the clamping groove, and a second chamfer is arranged at the end part of the clamping table.

Preferably, the rear portion of the fixing frame is provided with a baffle, the baffle table and the fourth elastic part are both located between the fixing plate and the baffle, and the fourth elastic part is in a compressed state when the baffle table abuts against the baffle.

Preferably, the first elastic element, the second elastic element, the third elastic element and the fourth elastic element are compression springs, the first elastic element and the second elastic element are sleeved on the periphery of the first sliding column, the third elastic element is sleeved on the periphery of the armature, and the fourth elastic element is sleeved on the periphery of the second sliding column.

Preferably, the frame external connection has the installation cover, and the horizontal both ends of installation cover all are provided with exit.

Preferably, the use method of the device comprises the following steps:

s1, calling corresponding ironing mechanisms according to the ironing temperature to enable two ironing plates in the group of ironing mechanisms to move oppositely to the position where the two ironing plates can be in contact with the textile raw materials, namely electrifying electromagnets in the group of ironing mechanisms, attracting the armatures by the electromagnets, driving the clamping tables to move by the armatures, and clamping the clamping tables into the clamping grooves;

s2, the moving plate is driven to move by the moving driving mechanism, the moving plate drives the second sliding column in the ironing mechanism to slide towards the direction of the inclined table, the roller moves along with the second sliding column, the roller rolls on the inclined plane of the inclined table, the roller pushes the inclined table inwards, and the inclined table drives the first sliding column, the first support, the electromagnetic heater, the rotating shaft and the ironing disc to move inwards to an ironing position;

s3, starting an electromagnetic heater in the ironing mechanism, electromagnetically heating an ironing disc in the ironing mechanism, and driving the ironing disc to rotate by a motor, so that the ironing disc carries out transmission, impurity removal and ironing treatment on the textile raw material in the rotating process.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention can continuously remove impurities and iron textile raw materials in the conveying process, has high ironing efficiency, adopts electromagnetic heating and has high energy utilization rate. The electromagnetic heater among the different ironing machine structure is different to the heating temperature who irones the dish, carry out the transport edulcoration of corresponding temperature when ironing in needs, call corresponding ironing machine structure, to the electro-magnet circular telegram, the electro-magnet attracts armature, armature drives the card platform and removes, make card platform card go into in the draw-in groove, when utilizing removal actuating mechanism drive movable plate to remove, the movable plate can drive the second slip post along lateral shifting among this group of ironing machine structure, the second slip post drives the gyro wheel and removes, the gyro wheel promotes the sloping platform, thereby make first slip post slide to the inboard, make two ironing machine structures of this group move in opposite directions, make textile raw materials pressed from both sides tightly between two ironing dish, motor drive ironing dish rotates, can utilize ironing dish to carry the edulcoration simultaneously to textile raw and other materials and iron the processing, and is functional better.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device provided by the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device provided by the invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a first partial structure of the textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device provided by the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a second partial structure of the textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device provided by the invention.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure at a in fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in fig. 4.

Reference numerals: 1. ironing the disc; 101. an annular groove; 2. a rotating shaft; 3. an electromagnetic heater; 4. a first bracket; 5. a first sliding column; 6. a sloping table; 71. a first elastic member; 72. a second elastic member; 8. a roller; 9. a second sliding column; 901. a card slot; 10. clamping a platform; 11. an armature; 12. a second bracket; 13. a third elastic member; 14. an electromagnet; 15. blocking the platform; 16. a fourth elastic member; 17. a motor; 18. moving the plate; 19. a movement drive mechanism; 20. a fixing plate; 21. a baffle plate; 22. a slide bar; 23. a third support; 24. a fixed mount; 241. a moving channel; 25. a frame; 26. mounting a cover; 261. and (7) an inlet and an outlet.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device provided by the invention comprises an ironing mechanism, a moving plate 18, a fixed plate 20, a fixed frame 24 and a rack 25, wherein the ironing mechanism is provided with a plurality of groups in parallel along the transverse direction, the ironing mechanism comprises two groups of ironing components symmetrically arranged along the vertical direction, and each ironing component comprises an ironing disk 1, a rotating shaft 2, an electromagnetic heater 3, a first bracket 4, a first sliding column 5, an inclined table 6, a first elastic part 71, a second elastic part 72, a roller 8, a second sliding column 9, a clamping table 10, an armature 11, a second bracket 12, a third elastic part 13, an electromagnet 14, a blocking table 15 and a fourth elastic part 16;

the temperature of an ironing disk 1 in a plurality of groups of ironing mechanisms is gradually reduced along the transverse direction, a motor 17 is arranged on a first bracket 4 in any group of ironing components in each group of ironing mechanisms, an electromagnetic heater 3 is arranged on the first bracket 4, the electromagnetic heater 3 faces the ironing disk 1, the ironing disk 1 is arranged on a rotating shaft 2, the rotating shaft 2 is rotatably arranged on the first bracket 4, a first sliding column 5 is arranged on a fixed bracket 24 in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, two ends of the first sliding column 5 are respectively connected with the first bracket 4 and an inclined platform 6, one side end surface of the inclined platform 6 far away from the first sliding column 5 gradually inclines towards a roller 8, two ends of a first elastic part 71 in the vertical direction are respectively connected with the first bracket 4 and the fixed bracket 24, two ends of a second elastic part 72 in the vertical direction are respectively connected with the fixed bracket 24 and the inclined platform 6, a second sliding column 9 is arranged on a moving plate 18 and a fixed plate 20 along the axial direction and the transverse direction in a sliding manner, two axial ends of a second sliding column 9 are respectively connected with a roller 8 and a blocking platform 15, a clamping groove 901 for clamping the blocking platform 10 is formed in the second sliding column 9, the blocking platform 10 is connected with an armature 11, the armature 11 is arranged on a second support 12 in a sliding mode, two ends of a third elastic part 13 are respectively connected with the blocking platform 10 and a second support 12, the second support 12 and an electromagnet 14 are both arranged on a moving plate 18, two ends of a fourth elastic part 16 are respectively connected with the blocking platform 15 and a fixed plate 20, a moving driving mechanism 241 for driving the moving plate 18 to move transversely is arranged on a fixed frame 24, a moving channel 241 is arranged on the fixed frame 24, and the fixed frame 24 is arranged on a rack 25.

In an alternative embodiment, the ironing disk 1 is provided with an annular groove 101 on its peripheral surface, the annular groove 101 being semicircular in cross section, the annular groove 101 being provided in plurality side by side along the axial direction of the ironing disk 1.

It should be noted that, the textile raw materials are in the annular groove 101, which can prevent the materials from being flattened during the processes of conveying, impurity removal and ironing, and can process a plurality of textile raw materials at one time, and the processing efficiency is high.

In an alternative embodiment, the fixed frame 24 is provided with a third bracket 23, the third bracket 23 is slidably provided with a sliding rod 22, the sliding rod 22 is connected with the moving plate 18, and the moving driving mechanism 19 is an air cylinder or an electric push rod.

It should be noted that the moving driving mechanism 19 can effectively drive the moving plate 18 to move, the sliding rod 22 slides on the third bracket 23, and the sliding rod 22 can make the moving plate 18 move more smoothly.

In an alternative embodiment, the closest distance from the slot 901 of the second sliding column 9 to the fixed plate 20 in the initial position is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the clamping table 10 and the moving plate 18 in the longitudinal direction, a first chamfer is arranged at the notch of the slot 901, and a second chamfer is arranged at the end of the clamping table 10.

It should be noted that, for the unused ironing mechanism, the second sliding column 9 does not move due to the movement of the moving plate 18, when the moving plate 18 and the second sliding column 9 are both in the initial position, the clamping table 10 is just located at one side of the clamping groove 901, and when the electromagnet 14 is powered on, the clamping table 10 can be just clamped into the clamping groove 901.

In an alternative embodiment, the retaining plate 21 is arranged at the rear of the fixing frame 24, the stop 15 and the fourth elastic element 16 are both located between the fixing plate 20 and the retaining plate 21, and the fourth elastic element 16 is in a compressed state when the stop 15 abuts on the retaining plate 21.

It should be noted that the fourth elastic member 16 is in a compressed state, and in an initial state, the plurality of second sliding columns 9 can be stably held at the initial position.

In an alternative embodiment, the first elastic member 71, the second elastic member 72, the third elastic member 13 and the fourth elastic member 16 are compression springs, the first elastic member 71 and the second elastic member 72 are sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the first sliding column 5, the third elastic member 13 is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the armature 11, and the fourth elastic member 16 is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the second sliding column 9, so that the cost of the compression springs is low.

In an alternative embodiment, a mounting cover 26 is attached to the exterior of the frame 25, and the mounting cover 26 has access ports 261 at both lateral ends.

It should be noted that the mounting cover 26 can isolate and protect the inner structure, and ensure the tidiness of the device.

In an alternative embodiment, the method of using the device comprises the steps of:

s1, calling corresponding ironing mechanisms according to the ironing temperature to enable two ironing plates 1 in the group of ironing mechanisms to move oppositely to the position where the two ironing plates can be contacted with the textile raw materials, namely electrifying the electromagnets 14 in the group of ironing mechanisms, attracting the armatures 11 by the electromagnets 14, driving the clamping tables 10 to move by the armatures 11, and clamping the clamping tables 10 into the clamping grooves 901, so that the firmness is high;

s2, the moving plate 18 is driven to move by the moving driving mechanism 19, the moving plate 18 drives the second sliding column 9 in the ironing mechanism to slide towards the direction of the inclined table 6, the roller 8 moves along with the second sliding column 9, the roller 8 rolls on the inclined plane of the inclined table 6, the roller 8 pushes the inclined table 6 inwards, and the inclined table 6 drives the first sliding column 5, the first support 4, the electromagnetic heater 3, the rotating shaft 2 and the ironing disc 1 to move inwards to an ironing position;

s3, starting the electromagnetic heater 3 in the ironing mechanism, electromagnetically heating the ironing disc 1 in the ironing mechanism, and driving the ironing disc 1 to rotate by the motor 17, so that the ironing disc 1 carries out transmission, impurity removal and ironing treatment on textile raw materials in the rotating process, the structure is compact, and the cost is saved.

The invention can continuously remove impurities and iron textile raw materials in the conveying process, has high ironing efficiency, adopts electromagnetic heating and has high energy utilization rate. The electromagnetic heaters 3 in different ironing mechanisms have different heating temperatures for the ironing disks 1, when the conveying, impurity removing and ironing at the corresponding temperature are required, the corresponding ironing mechanism is called to electrify the electromagnet 14, the electromagnet 14 attracts the armature 11, the armature 11 drives the clamping table 10 to move, so that the clamping table 10 is clamped into the clamping groove 901, when the moving driving mechanism 19 is used for driving the moving plate 18 to move, the moving plate 18 can drive the second sliding column 9 in the ironing mechanism to move along the transverse direction, the second sliding column 9 drives the roller 8 to move, the roller 8 drives the inclined table 6, so that the first sliding column 5 slides inwards, the two ironing disks 1 in the ironing mechanism are made to move oppositely, the textile raw material is clamped between the two ironing disks 1, the motor 17 drives the ironing disks 1 to rotate, and the ironing disks 1 can be used for conveying, impurity removing and ironing the textile raw material at the same time, the functionality is better.

It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.

Claims

1. The textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing equipment is characterized by comprising an ironing mechanism, a moving plate (18), a fixing plate (20), a fixing frame (24) and a rack (25), wherein multiple groups of ironing mechanisms are arranged side by side in the transverse direction, each ironing mechanism comprises two groups of ironing assemblies symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction, and each ironing assembly comprises an ironing disc (1), a rotating shaft (2), an electromagnetic heater (3), a first support (4), a first sliding column (5), an inclined table (6), a first elastic part (71), a second elastic part (72), a roller (8), a second sliding column (9), a clamping table (10), an armature (11), a second support (12), a third elastic part (13), an electromagnet (14), a blocking table (15) and a fourth elastic part (16);

the temperature of an ironing disk (1) in a plurality of groups of ironing mechanisms is gradually reduced along the transverse direction, a motor (17) is arranged on a first bracket (4) in any group of ironing components in each group of ironing mechanisms, an electromagnetic heater (3) is arranged on the first bracket (4), the electromagnetic heater (3) faces the ironing disk (1), the ironing disk (1) is arranged on a rotating shaft (2), the rotating shaft (2) is rotatably arranged on the first bracket (4), a first sliding column (5) is arranged on a fixing frame (24) in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, two ends of the first sliding column (5) are respectively connected with the first bracket (4) and an oblique table (6), one side end surface of the oblique table (6) far away from the first sliding column (5) is gradually inclined towards a roller (8), two ends of a first elastic piece (71) in the vertical direction are respectively connected with the first bracket (4) and the fixing frame (24), two ends of a second elastic piece (72) in the vertical direction are respectively connected with the fixing frame (24) and the oblique table (6), a second sliding column (9) is arranged on the movable plate (18) and the fixed plate (20) along the axial direction and along the transverse direction in a sliding manner, two ends of the second sliding column (9) in the axial direction are respectively connected with the roller (8) and the baffle table (15), a clamping groove (901) for clamping the clamping table (10) is arranged on the second sliding column (9), the clamping table (10) is connected with the armature (11), the armature (11) is arranged on a second bracket (12) in a sliding manner, two ends of a third elastic piece (13) are respectively connected with the clamping table (10) and the second bracket (12), the second bracket (12) and the electromagnet (14) are both arranged on the movable plate (18), two ends of a fourth elastic piece (16) are respectively connected with the baffle table (15) and the fixed plate (20), a moving driving mechanism for driving the movable plate (18) to move along the transverse direction is arranged on the fixed frame (24), a moving channel (241) is arranged on the fixed frame (24), the fixed frame (24) is arranged on the frame (25).

2. The textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an annular groove (101) is formed in the outer circumferential surface of the ironing disc (1), the section of the annular groove (101) is semicircular, and a plurality of annular grooves (101) are arranged side by side along the axial direction of the ironing disc (1).

3. The textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a third bracket (23) is arranged on the fixed frame (24), a sliding rod (22) is arranged on the third bracket (23) in a sliding manner, the sliding rod (22) is connected with the moving plate (18), and the moving driving mechanism (19) is an air cylinder or an electric push rod.

4. The textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the nearest distance between the clamping groove (901) on the second sliding column (9) and the fixed plate (20) in the initial position is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the clamping table (10) and the moving plate (18) along the longitudinal direction, a first chamfer is arranged at the notch of the clamping groove (901), and a second chamfer is arranged at the end of the clamping table (10).

5. Textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device according to claim 1, characterized in that a baffle (21) is arranged at the rear of the fixed frame (24), the baffle table (15) and the fourth elastic member (16) are both located between the fixed plate (20) and the baffle (21), and the fourth elastic member (16) is in a compressed state when the baffle table (15) abuts against the baffle (21).

6. The textile raw material conveying, impurity removing and ironing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first elastic member (71), the second elastic member (72), the third elastic member (13) and the fourth elastic member (16) are compression springs, the first elastic member (71) and the second elastic member (72) are sleeved on the periphery of the first sliding column (5), the third elastic member (13) is sleeved on the periphery of the armature (11), and the fourth elastic member (16) is sleeved on the periphery of the second sliding column (9).

7. An apparatus for conveying, impurity-removing and ironing textile raw material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a mounting cover (26) is connected to the outside of the frame (25), and the mounting cover (26) is provided with an access opening (261) at both lateral ends.

8. An impurity-removing and ironing device for conveying textile raw materials as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the use method of the device comprises the following steps:

s1, calling corresponding ironing mechanisms according to the ironing temperature to enable two ironing plates (1) in the group of ironing mechanisms to move oppositely to the position where the two ironing plates can be contacted with the textile raw materials, namely electrifying electromagnets (14) in the group of ironing mechanisms, attracting the armatures (11) by the electromagnets (14), driving the clamping table (10) to move by the armatures (11), and clamping the clamping table (10) into the clamping groove (901);

s2, the moving plate (18) is driven to move through the moving driving mechanism (19), the moving plate (18) drives the second sliding column (9) in the ironing mechanism to slide towards the direction of the inclined table (6), the roller (8) moves along with the second sliding column (9), the roller (8) rolls on the inclined plane of the inclined table (6), the roller (8) pushes the inclined table (6) inwards, and the inclined table (6) drives the first sliding column (5), the first support (4), the electromagnetic heater (3), the rotating shaft (2) and the ironing disc (1) to move inwards to an ironing position;

s3, starting an electromagnetic heater (3) in the ironing mechanism, electromagnetically heating the ironing disc (1) in the ironing mechanism, and driving the ironing disc (1) to rotate by a motor (17) so that the ironing disc (1) carries out transmission, impurity removal and ironing treatment on textile raw materials in the rotating process.