CN112195319A - Normalizing treatment method for preventing non-oriented silicon steel from being internally oxidized - Google Patents
Normalizing treatment method for preventing non-oriented silicon steel from being internally oxidized Download PDFInfo
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- CN112195319A CN112195319A CN202011026376.1A CN202011026376A CN112195319A CN 112195319 A CN112195319 A CN 112195319A CN 202011026376 A CN202011026376 A CN 202011026376A CN 112195319 A CN112195319 A CN 112195319A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a normalizing treatment method for preventing non-oriented silicon steel from being subjected to internal oxidation, which comprises the steps of uncoiling strip steel, straightening, welding, straightening and breaking phosphorus, pickling, annealing and coiling. Before annealing, the surface oxide skin of the non-oriented silicon steel hot rolled strip steel is cleaned by pulling, straightening, breaking phosphorus and pickling. The annealing process mainly comprises a preheating section, an oxidation-free heating section, a soaking section and a cooling section, wherein the oxidation-free heating section adopts an oxidation-free atmosphere, and the soaking section adopts N2And H2The mixed gas is used as a protective atmosphere to prevent oxidation in the annealing process. The cooling section consists of water jacket cooling, circulating gas jet cooling and water spray cooling, and the water jacket cooling section adopts N2As protective gas, the cooling section of the circulating gas jet adopts N2And (5) blowing the strip steel. The method can prevent the non-oriented silicon steel hot rolled strip steel from being internally oxidized in the normalizing annealing process, reduce the shot blasting procedure, reduce the production cost and improve the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel production, and particularly relates to a normalizing treatment method for preventing non-oriented silicon steel from being subjected to internal oxidation.
Background
The high-grade cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel needs to be normalized during production so as to improve the uniformity of the hot-rolled plate structure, coarsen crystal grains and precipitates, improve the favorable texture proportion of a finished product and further achieve the aim of improving the magnetic performance of the product. Normalization is an important step in the production of high-grade non-oriented silicon steel, but the normalization process often causes the surface layer of the hot-rolled strip steel to form an internal oxide layer with the thickness of a few microns, and the layer is made of SiO2And Al2O3And the internal oxide particles are dispersed in the Fe matrix. If the internal oxide layer is not completely removed, on one hand, the surface quality of the silicon steel is influenced, so that the surface roughness is increased or chromatic aberration is generated; on the other hand, internal oxide particles as inclusions can cause internal stress of the surface layer, simultaneously influence the growth of crystal grains in the annealing process and the rotation of magnetic domains under a magnetic field, increase the iron loss of the silicon steel, reduce the magnetic conductivity and influence the magnetic performance of products.
At present, the traditional normalizing treatment process mainly comprises uncoiling, straightening, welding, annealing, shot blasting, acid washing, coiling and the like, wherein the annealing mainly comprises a preheating section, a non-oxidation heating section (non-oxidation atmosphere), a soaking section (pure N)2Atmosphere), a water jacket cooling section (without protective atmosphere), a water spray cooling section and a water spray cooling section. The hot coil of silicon steel is directly subjected to normalizing annealing without surface dephosphorization, so that the strip steel is likely to be continuously oxidized in a furnace and a serious internal oxidation phenomenon is generated. The scale on the surface of the hot coil can be used as a supply source of oxygen in the internal oxidation process, FeO in the scale is decomposed to form simple substance iron and oxygen, and the decomposed oxygen is dissolved in the matrix and then is diffused to the inner side to react with elements such as Si, Al and the like to form an internal oxidation layer. The formation of the internal oxide layer greatly increases the thickness of the oxide layer, and once the internal oxide layer is formed, the internal oxide layer is difficult to remove, so that the magnetic property of a finished product is reduced, and the subsequent phosphorus removal difficulty and the production cost are increased. At present, the normalizing line hot coil adopts the process of annealing firstly, then shot blasting and then acid washing, compared with the dephosphorization of the common hot coil, the investment of shot blasting procedure and the energy consumption of acid washing are increased, and simultaneously, the oxygen falling off in the furnace is normalizedThe scale melting causes pollution in the furnace, and the scale melting needs to be cleaned regularly, which brings inconvenience to the maintenance of equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a normalizing treatment method for preventing the non-oriented silicon steel from being subjected to internal oxidation, which mainly redesigns the process flow of a normalizing production line and improves the related technology, changes the process of removing phosphorus after the conventional normalizing annealing into the process of removing phosphorus before the normalizing annealing, and simultaneously adjusts the atmosphere of a soaking section in an annealing process and optimizes the subsequent cooling mode to ensure that the normalizing annealing process does not generate oxidation any more. The method can effectively avoid the generation of internal oxidation in the normalizing annealing process, eliminate the adverse effect of the internal oxidation on the performance of the finished product, improve the dephosphorization effect and efficiency, simplify the process flow and reduce the production and maintenance cost. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
after the non-oriented silicon steel hot-rolled strip steel is prepared, normalizing treatment procedures including uncoiling, straightening, welding, straightening, phosphorus breaking, acid washing, annealing and coiling are carried out, wherein:
(1) before entering a normalizing annealing furnace, the oxide skin on the surface of the non-oriented silicon steel hot-rolled strip steel is thoroughly removed, the surface oxide skin is mechanically crushed by a tension leveler before pickling, the subsequent pickling efficiency is favorably improved, and then the strip steel enters a pickling tank for pickling to thoroughly remove the oxide skin on the surface;
(2) the annealing is composed of a preheating section, a non-oxidation heating section, a soaking section, a water jacket cooling section, a circulating gas jet cooling section and a water jet cooling section.
Further, in the process of pulling, straightening and breaking phosphorus, the pulling and straightening machine adopts an elongation rate mode, and the pulling and straightening elongation rate is 1.3-1.6%.
Further, the annealing preheating section adopts the physical heat of the smoke discharged by the non-oxidation heating section and the chemical heat of the unburned gas for preheating the strip steel; the non-oxidation heating section adopts combustion coal gas and air to carry out open fire heating, the excess air coefficient is 0.9-1, the non-oxidation atmosphere in the annealing furnace is ensured, and the temperature in the annealing furnace is 900-1150 ℃; the soaking section adopts resistance heating and N2And H2Mixed gas ofAs a protective atmosphere, wherein H2The volume ratio is 5-20%, and the temperature of the annealing furnace is 850-950 ℃.
Further, the water jacket type furnace shell is adopted in the water jacket cooling section, cooling water flows between the two furnace shells in a circulating mode for cooling, and N is adopted2Making a protective atmosphere; protective gas N is adopted in the jet cooling section of the circulating gas2Spraying non-oriented silicon steel hot-rolled strip steel for cooling; and the water spraying cooling section is used for carrying out water spraying on the surface of the non-oriented silicon steel hot rolled strip steel for final cooling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention redesigns the process flow of the normalizing production line, replaces the original process with dephosphorization before annealing and removes dephosphorization after annealing, removes oxide skin on the surface of the hot coil through the processes of pulling, straightening, breaking and pickling before annealing, and fundamentally eliminates the source of oxygen in the internal oxidation process, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of internal oxidation; the pickling is carried out before annealing, compared with the pickling after annealing, oxide skin is easier to remove, the consumption and the production cost of acid liquor can be reduced, the pickling efficiency is improved, the pollution to the furnace caused by the falling of the oxide skin during annealing with the oxide skin is avoided, and the equipment maintenance is convenient. Compared with the traditional normalizing process, the shot blasting process is omitted, the production and management processes are simplified, and the production efficiency is improved.
2. The annealing soaking section of the invention adopts reductive N2And H2The mixed gas is used as protective atmosphere, so that the high-temperature oxidation of the strip steel in the annealing soaking section can be effectively prevented; the cooling section of the water jacket adopts N2As protective atmosphere, and N is adopted in the circulating gas jet cooling section2The strip steel is sprayed, so that the strip steel is prevented from being oxidized in the cooling process, and the surface of the strip steel is ensured to be clean and bright.
Detailed Description
A normalizing treatment method for preventing non-oriented silicon steel from generating internal oxidation comprises the steps of uncoiling, straightening, welding, straightening, breaking phosphorus, pickling, annealing and coiling in sequence after non-oriented silicon steel hot rolled strip steel is prepared, wherein:
(1) before pickling, a phosphorus breaker is adopted to mechanically break the oxide scales on the surface of the non-oriented silicon steel hot rolled strip steel, and a withdrawal and straightening machine adopts an elongation rate mode, wherein the withdrawal and straightening elongation rate is 1.3-1.6%. The pickling section comprises pickling, four-stage rinsing and hot air drying, and oxide skin on the surface of the strip steel is thoroughly removed through chemical dephosphorization.
(2) The annealing is composed of a preheating section, a non-oxidation heating section, a soaking section, a water jacket cooling section, a circulating gas jet cooling section and a water jet cooling section.
Wherein, the preheating section of the annealing furnace adopts physical heat of smoke discharged by the non-oxidation heating section and chemical heat of unburned gas for preheating the strip steel; the non-oxidation heating section adopts combustion coal gas and air to carry out open fire heating, the excess air coefficient is between 0.9 and 1, the non-oxidation atmosphere in the furnace is ensured, and the temperature in the furnace is 900-; the soaking section adopts resistance heating and N2And H2As a protective atmosphere, wherein H2The volume ratio is 5-20%, and the furnace temperature is 850-.
(4) The water jacket cooling section adopts a water jacket type furnace shell, cooling water flows between the two furnace shells in a circulating manner for cooling, and N is adopted2Making a protective atmosphere; protective gas N is adopted in the jet cooling section of the circulating gas2Spraying the strip steel for cooling; and the water spraying cooling section is used for carrying out water spraying on the surface of the strip steel for final cooling, and finally coiling the strip steel into coils.
Before the non-oriented silicon steel hot-rolled strip steel is annealed, surface oxide skin is thoroughly removed through straightening, phosphorus breaking and acid pickling, so that the source of oxygen in the annealing process of the strip steel is fundamentally eliminated, and the occurrence of internal oxidation is avoided. And in the annealing process, the non-oxidation heating section and the soaking section respectively adopt non-oxidation atmosphere and reducing protective atmosphere, so that the strip steel is not oxidized in the annealing process. In the annealing cooling section, the water jacket cooling section and the circulating gas jet cooling section are all carried out in a protective atmosphere, so that the condition that the non-oriented silicon steel hot-rolled strip steel is oxidized in the cooling process is avoided.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by taking the normalized production of the high-grade non-oriented silicon steel 50WH470 as an example.
Example 1
The silicon steel 50WH470 is hot rolled in a normalizing lineUncoiling, straightening and welding, and then mechanically crushing the surface iron scale of the strip steel through a straightening and phosphorus breaking machine, wherein the straightening and elongation percentage is 1.35%. And then the strip steel is subjected to acid cleaning, rinsing and hot air drying in sequence, so that oxide skin on the surface of the strip steel is thoroughly cleaned. Then the mixture enters an annealing furnace and sequentially passes through a preheating section, a non-oxidation heating section, a soaking section, a water jacket cooling section, a circulating gas jet cooling section and a water jet cooling section. Wherein the excess air coefficient in the non-oxidation heating section furnace is 0.91, and the furnace temperature is 920 ℃; the soaking section adopts N2And H2As a protective atmosphere, wherein H2The volume ratio is 18 percent, and the furnace temperature is 855 ℃. The cooling section of the water jacket adopts N2Making a protective atmosphere, and cooling the strip steel to 750 ℃ by flowing cooling water in the water jacket type furnace shell; protective gas N is adopted in the jet cooling section of the circulating gas2Spray-cooling the strip steel to 350 ℃; and finally, the strip steel is coiled into a coil, and the surface of the steel coil is smooth, white and bright without color difference.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps of uncoiling, straightening and welding a silicon steel 50WH470 hot coil in a normalizing line, and then mechanically crushing the surface iron scale of the strip steel through a straightening and phosphorus breaking machine, wherein the straightening and elongation rate is 1.53%. And then the strip steel is subjected to acid cleaning, rinsing and hot air drying in sequence, so that oxide skin on the surface of the strip steel is thoroughly cleaned. Then the mixture enters an annealing furnace and sequentially passes through a preheating section, a non-oxidation heating section, a soaking section, a water jacket cooling section, a circulating gas jet cooling section and a water jet cooling section. Wherein the excess air coefficient in the non-oxidation heating section furnace is 0.99, and the furnace temperature is 1150 ℃; the soaking section adopts N2And H2As a protective atmosphere, wherein H2The volume ratio is 6 percent, and the furnace temperature is 950 ℃. The cooling section of the water jacket adopts N2Making a protective atmosphere, and cooling the strip steel to 730 ℃ by flowing cooling water in the water jacket type furnace shell; protective gas N is adopted in the jet cooling section of the circulating gas2Spraying and cooling the strip steel to 300 ℃; and finally, the strip steel is cooled to 70 ℃ by the water spraying cooling section, and finally the strip steel is coiled into a coil, so that the surface of the steel coil is smooth, white and bright without color difference.
Finally, it is noted that the above examples and comparative examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit, and although the present invention has been described in detail by the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A normalizing treatment method for preventing non-oriented silicon steel from generating internal oxidation is characterized in that after non-oriented silicon steel hot rolled strip steel is prepared, the following steps of uncoiling, straightening, welding, straightening and pulling to break phosphorus, pickling, annealing and coiling are sequentially carried out, wherein:
(1) before annealing, mechanically crushing surface oxide scales of the non-oriented silicon steel hot-rolled strip steel through a pulling-straightening phosphorus breaking machine, and then, pickling in a pickling tank to thoroughly remove the surface oxide scales;
(2) the annealing comprises a preheating section, a non-oxidation heating section, a soaking section, a water jacket cooling section, a circulating gas jet cooling section and a water jet cooling section.
2. The method for normalizing non-oriented silicon steel according to claim 1, wherein the elongation in the process of pulling, straightening and phosphorus breaking is 1.3-1.6%.
3. The normalizing treatment method for preventing the non-oriented silicon steel from being subjected to the internal oxidation as set forth in claim 1, wherein the air excess coefficient of the non-oxidation heating section is 0.9-1, the furnace is a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and the temperature in the furnace is 900-1150 ℃; n for soaking zone2And H2As a protective atmosphere, wherein H2The volume ratio is 5-20%, and the furnace temperature is 850-.
4. The normalizing treatment method for preventing the nonoriented silicon steel from being internally oxidized according to claim 1, wherein the water jacket type furnace shell is adopted in the water jacket cooling section, and cooling water is filled between the two furnace shellsCooling by circulating flow, using N2Making a protective atmosphere; protective gas N is adopted in the jet cooling section of the circulating gas2And (4) spraying the non-oriented silicon steel hot rolled strip steel for cooling.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115305342A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-08 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for preventing furnace roller of non-oriented silicon steel annealing furnace from nodulation and abrasion |
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JPS5735627A (en) * | 1980-08-13 | 1982-02-26 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Manufacture of nonoriented silicon steel plate |
JPH02149622A (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1990-06-08 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Manufacture of nonoriented silicon steel sheet having superior magnetic property |
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2020
- 2020-09-25 CN CN202011026376.1A patent/CN112195319A/en active Pending
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
中国金属学会轧钢学会冷轧板带学术委员会编著: "《中国冷轧板带大全》", 31 May 2005, 冶金工业出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115305342A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-08 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for preventing furnace roller of non-oriented silicon steel annealing furnace from nodulation and abrasion |
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Application publication date: 20210108 |