CN112194901A - Flexible foam material with energy-absorbing characteristic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flexible foam material with energy-absorbing characteristic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112194901A CN112194901A CN202011138373.7A CN202011138373A CN112194901A CN 112194901 A CN112194901 A CN 112194901A CN 202011138373 A CN202011138373 A CN 202011138373A CN 112194901 A CN112194901 A CN 112194901A
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- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C08J2433/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of foam material processing, and provides a soft foam material with energy absorption characteristic and a preparation method thereof. The foam material is prepared by mixing thermal expansion microspheres and a flexible high polymer material. The flexible foam material with the energy-absorbing characteristic provided by the invention can enhance the mechanical property and improve the energy-absorbing characteristic while keeping the original excellent elasticity of the flexible foam; the preparation method of the soft foam material is simple and rapid, the process flow is short, and the operation is easy; the preparation method is suitable for preparing the soft foam material with the energy absorption characteristic, and the obtained soft foam material with the energy absorption characteristic has wide application prospect in the fields of buffering, energy absorption, protection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of foam material processing, relates to a foam material and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to a soft foam material with energy absorption characteristics and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The foam material in the prior art has low density, light weight, capability of absorbing impact load and buffering and damping performance. In actual life and industrial application, the buffering and energy absorbing characteristics of the foam material are beneficial to maintaining the stability of equipment performance and prolonging the service life, can be used for protecting the safety of devices and operators, and is applied to various fields of automobiles, military affairs, mining industry, aviation and the like.
The foam material is divided into hard foam and soft foam, wherein the hard foam is a foam metal material with higher specific stiffness and specific strength, and the foam metal material has good energy absorption effect but lacks flexibility, so that the application range of the foam metal material is greatly limited; while the low density flexible foam has excellent elasticity but less desirable mechanical properties. And the preparation process of the foam material also has a plurality of problems which are still solved. For example, the existing foamed aluminum material has still not mature foamed metal smelting process, complicated process and high energy consumption, thereby limiting the wide application thereof. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a flexible foam material which has simple process, quick preparation, good energy absorption effect and excellent mechanical property.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a flexible foam material with energy absorption characteristic and a preparation method thereof, so as to achieve the purposes of maintaining the original excellent elasticity of the flexible foam, enhancing the mechanical property of the flexible foam material and improving the energy absorption characteristic of the flexible foam material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a soft foam material with energy-absorbing characteristic comprises the following raw materials of active ingredients in parts by weight: 25-50 parts of thermally induced expanded microspheres and 50-75 parts of flexible high polymer material;
as a limitation of the present invention, the thermally induced expansion microspheres are at least one of polystyrene thermal expansion microspheres, polyurethane/acrylate thermal expansion microspheres, polymethyl methacrylate thermal expansion microspheres, polycarbonate thermal expansion microspheres and ABS thermal expansion microspheres;
as another limitation of the present invention, the flexible polymer material is at least one of thermoplastic polyurethane, natural rubber, polydimethylsiloxane, polyolefin elastomer and fluororubber;
as a third limitation of the invention, the weight part ratio of the expanded microspheres to the flexible high polymer material is 1: 1-3;
the invention also provides a preparation method of the soft foam material with the energy-absorbing characteristic, which comprises the steps of respectively weighing the expanded microspheres and the flexible high polymer material, uniformly mixing, adding the curing agent, uniformly mixing, removing bubbles, and carrying out die pressing foaming to obtain the soft foam material with the energy-absorbing characteristic.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a soft foam material with energy-absorbing characteristic, the foam material has uniform foam hole distribution and uniform size, and simultaneously, because of the addition of expanded microspheres, the foam material constructs the geometric shape of a hard spherical shell in a macromolecule, strengthens the spatial structure and the three-dimensional support of the macromolecule, and endows the soft foam material with the energy-absorbing characteristic;
(2) the invention also provides a preparation method of the soft foam material with the energy absorption characteristic, and the closed-cell foam is obtained by adding the thermal-induced expansion microspheres into the flexible high polymer material and performing die pressing. The controllable physical foaming means has the advantages of simple and rapid preparation method, short process flow, easy process control and wide application prospect in the aspects of buffering, energy absorption and protection;
in conclusion, the flexible foam material with the energy absorption characteristic provided by the invention maintains the original excellent elasticity of the flexible foam, enhances the mechanical property of the flexible foam material and improves the energy absorption characteristic of the flexible foam material; the preparation method of the soft foam material with the energy absorption characteristic provided by the invention is simple and rapid, has a short process flow and is easy to operate;
the preparation method is suitable for preparing the soft foam material, and is particularly suitable for preparing the soft foam material with the energy absorption characteristic; the obtained soft foam material with the energy absorption characteristic has wide application prospect in the fields of buffering, energy absorption, protection and the like.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing a flexible foam having energy absorbing properties as provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a histogram of the actual expansion ratio of the flexible elastomer foam material containing different parts of thermally-induced expanded microspheres in examples 6 to 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of macro topography of flexible foam X1 with energy absorbing property and flexible polymer material provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the compressive stress-strain curves of X1, X3 and X5 for flexible foams having specific energy absorbing properties prepared in examples 1, 3 and 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the compression modulus and the ideal energy absorption efficiency of flexible foams X1, X3 and X5 having specific energy absorption effects prepared in examples 1, 3 and 5 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a modular protector experimental sample object diagram;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the damage of surface samples after ball impact of the flexible foam of the present invention and the conventional foam of the same thickness.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description of the preferred embodiment is only for purposes of illustration and understanding, and is not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1 method for preparing a flexible foam X1 having specific energy absorption properties
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a flexible foam material X1 with special energy absorption effect, which comprises the following steps:
respectively weighing 50kg of polyurethane/acrylate thermal expansion microspheres and 50kg of polydimethylsiloxane, uniformly mixing by mechanical stirring, then adding 5kg of polydimethylsiloxane-standardized curing agent (Pt II), uniformly mixing by mechanical stirring again, removing bubbles under a vacuum condition, putting into a mold, and carrying out compression foaming at 110 ℃ to obtain the flexible foam material X1 with the special energy absorption effect. The diameter and the height of the obtained foam material are measured, and compared with the volume of the polydimethylsiloxane material without the acrylate thermal expansion microspheres, the expansion ratio of the soft foam material with the special energy absorption effect is close to 10 (shown in figure 2); the foam had a significant foaming effect compared to the pure polydimethylsiloxane sample (see FIG. 3).
Examples 2 to 5 methods for producing Flexible foams X2 to X5 having energy-absorbing Properties
Examples 2 to 5 are methods for preparing a flexible foam material having energy absorbing properties, and they are substantially the same as the method of example 1 except that the raw materials, the amounts of the raw materials and some process parameters are different, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 summary of the preparation Process parameters for flexible foams having energy-absorbing Properties
The foaming material obtained by the invention is of a closed-cell structure and has the characteristics of a closed-cell foaming material. First, the thermal conductivity was low, all measured by a thermal conductivity meter, less than 0.1W/(m. K); secondly, a strain rate sensitive effect is shown, creep and relaxation phenomena of the foam material are observed under low strain rate loading, and the material shows that the elastic modulus is increased, the stress of a platform area is increased and the strain of a compact area is reduced along with the increase of the strain rate; furthermore, the compressive stress-strain curve has a distinct plateau region, i.e. it reaches a relatively stable state as the stress increases very slowly with strain, presenting a wider plateau region, at which stage external forces act mainly on the closed cell structure inside the material, causing the bending deformation of the cell walls to collapse and thus to absorb most of the energy (see fig. 4), making it more biased towards structural applications; the composite material has the energy absorption characteristics of the system endowed by the flexibility of the flexible polymer and the closed-cell microspheres, wherein the compression modulus of the expanded microspheres and the flexible polymer material can reach 3.2MPa when the weight part ratio of the expanded microspheres to the flexible polymer material is 1:1, and the composite material shows good mechanical properties and excellent ideal energy absorption efficiency (see figure 5).
Examples 6 to 9 methods for producing Flexible foams X6 to X9 having energy-absorbing Properties
Examples 6 to 9 are respectively a method for preparing a flexible foam material having energy-absorbing properties, which are substantially the same as the method for preparing the flexible foam material of example 1, except that the expanded microspheres used are different, and the expanded microspheres used in examples 6 to 9 are polystyrene thermal expansion microspheres, polymethyl methacrylate thermal expansion microspheres, polycarbonate thermal expansion microspheres and ABS thermal expansion microspheres, one by one, to obtain flexible foam materials X6 to X9 having energy-absorbing properties.
Examples 10 to 13 methods for producing Flexible foams X10 to X13 having energy-absorbing Properties
Examples 10 to 13 are processes for producing a flexible foam material having energy absorbing properties, which are substantially the same as the process for producing example 1, except that the flexible polymers used are different, and the flexible polymers used in examples 10 to 13 are thermoplastic polyurethane, natural rubber, polyolefin elastomer, and fluororubber, one-to-one correspondence.
It should be noted that each of the expanded microspheres has its own expansion temperature, and the flexible foam materials X1 to X13 having energy-absorbing properties provided in examples 1 to 13 can be produced by directly mixing and pressing the flexible foam materials with the flexible polymer materials at an expansion temperature lower than that of the expanded microspheres used in a one-to-one correspondence.
Example 14 comparative experiment on energy absorption efficiency of various types of foam materials
Respectively selecting 11 foam materials with wider application, such as Ni foam, NiB foam, octaplex frame lattice material, nano glassy carbon, SiCp/AlSi9Mg foam, PU foam, EPS foam, gradient metal foam, foamed metal aluminum, semi-rigid foam metal and BMG composite foam, and comparing the ideal energy absorption efficiency with the soft foam materials X1-X13 with the energy absorption characteristic provided in examples 1-13, thereby evaluating the energy absorption performance of the foam materials, and the measurement result is shown in Table 2. The specific ideal energy absorption efficiency measurement mode is as follows: statically compressing the foam and the soft foam material to obtain a stress-strain curve, wherein the curve can be simply divided into an elastic stage, a platform stage and a compact stage; the corresponding energy absorption value per unit volume can be obtained by integrating the elastic stage and the region between the platform stage and the x axis of the curve, and can be obtained according to a formula
Wherein𝜀𝑚In order to be in strain,𝜎is the corresponding stress; the ideal energy absorption efficiency can be obtained according to the following formula, namely
。
TABLE 2 data table of ideal energy absorption efficiency of various foam materials
As can be seen from Table 2, the ideal energy absorption efficiency of the flexible foam material with the energy absorption characteristic provided by the invention is between 65% and 75%, which is higher than that of the flexible foam material commonly used in the market, and the ideal energy absorption efficiency is enough to prove that the flexible foam material with the energy absorption characteristic provided by the invention has good energy absorption effect and also has the flexible characteristic of the flexible foam. Aiming at the requirements of using individual modularized protectors at present, the method of the invention is adopted to obtain the soft foam materials with different shapes through different moulds for protecting pads, elbow pads and knee pads, and modularized protector experimental samples are prepared (see figure 6).
The soft foam material and the common foam material (polydimethylsiloxane) with the same thickness as the test sample of the protective device are respectively selected, and the impact resistance of the soft foam material and the common foam material is tested according to the standard of an individual protective device (2.5 kg drop weight, impact energy of 3J). The results show that the common material shows obvious impact indentation or crack, and the flexible foam material has no impact mark, can better keep the original state and shows excellent impact protection performance of the flexible foam material (see figure 7). Meanwhile, the energy-absorbing material can also be used for safety protection facilities and equipment in various fields of automobiles, military, mining industry, aviation and the like, and has the functions of buffering and absorbing energy for collision impact and friction.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A flexible foam material having energy absorbing properties, characterized by: the raw materials for preparing the active ingredients of the composite material comprise, by weight, 25-50 parts of expanded microspheres and 50-75 parts of flexible high polymer materials.
2. The flexible foam material having energy absorbing properties as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the expansion microsphere is at least one of polystyrene thermal expansion microsphere, polyurethane/acrylate thermal expansion microsphere, polymethyl methacrylate thermal expansion microsphere, polycarbonate thermal expansion microsphere and ABS thermal expansion microsphere.
3. The flexible foam material having energy absorbing properties as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the flexible high polymer material is at least one of thermoplastic polyurethane, natural rubber, polydimethylsiloxane, polyolefin elastomer and fluororubber.
4. A flexible foam material having energy absorbing properties according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the weight ratio of the expanded microspheres to the flexible high polymer material is 1: 1-3.
5. A method for preparing a flexible foam material with energy-absorbing properties according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the soft foam material with the energy absorption characteristic is obtained by taking all raw materials, uniformly mixing and then carrying out die pressing foaming.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114907697A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-16 | 重庆大学 | Flexible protective material with impact sensing function and preparation method thereof |
| WO2022199134A1 (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-09-29 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Lightweight organic composite material and preparation method therefor |
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| CN107446357A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-12-08 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of low-density micropore diameter silicon rubber composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2022199134A1 (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-09-29 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Lightweight organic composite material and preparation method therefor |
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| CN114907697B (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2023-10-24 | 重庆大学 | Flexible protective material with impact sensing function and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210108 |