CN112194200A - Preparation method of high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112194200A CN112194200A CN202010881559.5A CN202010881559A CN112194200A CN 112194200 A CN112194200 A CN 112194200A CN 202010881559 A CN202010881559 A CN 202010881559A CN 112194200 A CN112194200 A CN 112194200A
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002706 AlOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910011011 Ti(OH)4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxolanthaniooxy)lanthanum Chemical compound O=[La]O[La]=O KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001953 rubidium(I) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Sr+2] UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001866 strontium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 10
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036506 anxiety Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-nickel anode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer, which comprises the following steps: s1, uniformly mixing a large-particle high-nickel polycrystal precursor, lithium hydroxide and a doping agent, and sintering to obtain a large-particle high-nickel polycrystal primary sintering material; s2, uniformly mixing the small-particle high-nickel polycrystal precursor, lithium hydroxide and a doping agent, and sintering to obtain a small-particle high-nickel polycrystal primary sintering material; s3, carrying out wet mixing reaction on the large and small-particle high-nickel polycrystal primary sintering material, lithium hydroxide and soluble salt, and then carrying out filter pressing and drying to obtain a mixture; and S4, uniformly mixing the mixture and the coating agent, then carrying out secondary calcination, crushing, sieving and demagnetizing to obtain the high-nickel anode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer. The wet mixing of the large and small particles, the washing for reducing residual alkali and the wet coating are synchronously completed, and the method has the advantages of high compaction density, low residual alkali, good cycle performance, simple process, low cost and easy industrialization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new energy lithium ion battery anode materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-nickel anode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer.
Background
In recent years, social anxiety caused by energy crisis is getting stronger, traditional vehicle enterprises and newly-started vehicle-building momentum are attacking the city slightly in the field of new energy vehicles, and the lithium ion power battery is taken as a core technical link of the new energy vehicles, so that the cruising ability is always the focus of pursuing by each large vehicle enterprise, and the hard requirement of national subsidies is also obtained, so that the requirements of the vehicle enterprises on the energy density of the power battery are higher and higher.
The high-nickel ternary material is used as the anode material of the lithium ion battery, has become one of the most promising anode materials in the field of new energy automobiles due to large energy density and high reversible capacity, and is one of the development trends of the ternary anode material, namely high nickel, low cobalt and even no cobalt. However, the high nickel positive electrode material has a low compacted density, generally 3.3 to 3.6g/cm, due to large internal gaps of particles3(ii) a In addition, the higher nickel content of the material can aggravate the Li/Ni mixed-discharging degree, more Li is transferred to the surface of the material, and the materialThe surface residual alkali greatly rises, so that the lithium ion battery expands and deforms due to the increase of gas production, the service life of the battery is shortened if the gas production is increased, and potential safety hazards are generated if the gas production is increased.
Patent 201910168195.3 discloses a graded high nickel ternary positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof, the material prepared by the method has higher compaction, but the nickel polycrystalline material with higher material capacity is low, and the residual alkali is higher; patent 201910194596.6 discloses a water washing method for a high-nickel ternary cathode material and an application thereof, wherein the method reduces residual alkali on the surface of the material through a water washing process, but the performance of the material after water washing is greatly reduced, and the internal resistance is increased, so that the safety performance of the material is influenced.
The invention develops a preparation method of the high-nickel anode material aiming at the problems of high residual alkali, low compaction density, short battery service life, high potential safety hazard and the like of the high-nickel ternary anode material in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention firstly prepares large and small particle high nickel polycrystal primary sintering materials, mixes the materials with lithium hydroxide and soluble salt by a wet method, adds a coating agent for secondary sintering, and obtains the high nickel anode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer after crushing, sieving and demagnetizing.
Based on the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-nickel cathode material, and the material prepared by the method is a cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction, uniform coating layer, high stability and high safety.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing a large-particle high-nickel polycrystalline precursor, lithium hydroxide and a dopant by a high-speed dry method to obtain a mixed material; sintering the mixed material in an atmosphere furnace under the oxygen atmosphere to obtain a large-particle high-nickel polycrystalline primary sintering material;
s2, uniformly mixing the small-particle high-nickel polycrystalline precursor, lithium hydroxide and a doping agent by a high-speed dry method to obtain a mixed material; sintering the mixed material in an atmosphere furnace under the oxygen atmosphere to obtain a small-particle high-nickel polycrystalline primary sintering material;
s3, mixing the large-particle high-nickel polycrystal primary sintering material, the small-particle high-nickel polycrystal primary sintering material and deionized water dissolved with lithium hydroxide in a reaction kettle in a wet method to obtain a mixture; then dripping soluble salt, and after the reaction is completed, carrying out filter pressing and drying to obtain a mixture;
and S4, uniformly mixing the mixture and the coating agent by a dry method, performing secondary aerobic calcination in an atmosphere furnace, and crushing, sieving and demagnetizing to obtain the high-nickel anode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer.
To better implement the present invention, further, in step S1, the large-particle high-nickel polycrystalline precursor has a general formula of NixCoyMz (OH)2Wherein x + y + z is 1, 0.8 ≦ x<1,0<y<0.2,0<z<0.2, M is Al or Mn; d50 is 8 to 18 μm.
To better practice the invention, further, in step S2, the general formula of the small-particle high-nickel polycrystalline precursor is NixCoyMz (OH)2Wherein x + y + z is 1, 0.8 ≦ x<1,0<y<0.2,0<z<0.2, M is Al or Mn; d50 is 2-5 μm.
In order to better realize the invention, in steps S1 and S2, the ratio of the molar weight of the element Li to the total molar weight of Ni, Co and M in the high-nickel polycrystalline precursor is 1.01-1.05: 1; the dopant is Al2O3、Al(OH)3、AlOOH、Mg(OH)2、MgO、Ti(OH)4、TiO2、ZrO2、BaO、V2O5、SiO2、Y2O3、Rb2O、WO3、SrO、B2O3、Sr(OH)2·8H2O、MoO3、La2O3、Nb2O5At least one of; the addition amount of the dopant is 0.05-0.4% of the mass of the high-nickel polycrystalline precursor.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, in step S1, the oxygen atmosphere sintering is specifically: calcining for 6-14 h at 600-850 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2-10 ℃/min, and the volume concentration of the oxygen atmosphere is as follows: 92-99.9%; in step S2, the oxygen atmosphere sintering specifically includes: calcining for 6-14 h at 600-850 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2-10 ℃/min, and the volume concentration of the oxygen atmosphere is as follows: 94-99.9%.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, in step S3, the mass ratio of the large-particle high-nickel polycrystalline primary sintered material to the small-particle high-nickel polycrystalline primary sintered material is 5.0: 1-9.5: 1; the mass ratio of the high-nickel polycrystal primary sintering material with large and small particles to the deionized water is 0.5: 1-4: 1; the mass of the lithium hydroxide dissolved in the deionized water is 0.05-0.9% of the total mass of the large-particle high-nickel polycrystalline sintering material and the small-particle high-nickel polycrystalline sintering material; the soluble salts are one or more of sulfates, chlorides, phosphates, nitrates, oxalates, ammonium citrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate containing Al, Mg, Ti, Ni, Mn, Ta, Co, Si, Ba, Nb, Ca, V, Sc and Y; the amount of the soluble salts is 0.5 to 15 percent of the total mass of the large and small particle high nickel polycrystalline sintering material.
In order to better realize the method, in step S3, the reaction temperature is 25 to 60 ℃, the reaction time is 0.4 to 2 hours, the drying temperature is 120 to 200 ℃, and the drying time is 2 to 8 hours;
to better implement the present invention, further, in step S4, the coating agent is Zr (OH)4、Al(OH)3、Mg(OH)2、Ti(OH)4、TiO2、AlOOH、La2O3、H3BO3、Y2O3、MgO、V2O5、Rb2O、WO3、B2O3At least one of; the coating amount is 0.1-1.0% of the mass of the mixture.
In order to better implement the present invention, in step S4, the secondary aerobic sintering temperature is 250 to 650 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 1 to 10 ℃/min, the calcination time is 2 to 12 hours, and the volume concentration of the oxygen atmosphere is: 20 to 50 percent.
A high-nickel anode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer is prepared by the preparation method.
The high-nickel anode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer can be used as a soft package lithium ion battery anode material.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the traditional dry mixing process of the large and small particles of the high-nickel anode material, the anode material prepared by the invention adopts the wet mixing process, so that the prepared two materials are mixed more uniformly, gaps among the particles are further reduced, and higher compaction density is realized.
(2) Compared with the traditional dry mixing process for the large and small particles of the high-nickel anode material, the dry mixing process for the wet mixing, the washing for reducing residual alkali and the wet coating are synchronously completed, and the dry mixing process for the high-nickel anode material is simple in process, low in cost and easy to industrialize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is one of high power scanning electron micrographs of comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is one of the high power scanning electron micrographs of comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a high power scanning electron micrograph of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a high power scanning electron micrograph of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an XRD diffraction pattern of example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph comparing the cycle retention curves at 450 cycles for pouch cells of example 1 of the present invention and the positive electrode material of comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Comparative example 1:
a preparation method of a high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer comprises the following steps:
s1, adding Ni0.88Co0.09Mn0.03(OH)2Mixing the ternary precursor with lithium hydroxide monohydrate (battery grade) in a molar ratio of Li to M of 1.05 to 1, and adding ZrO with 0.15% of mass of the nickel-cobalt-containing ternary precursor2Calcining at 700 ℃ for 10h in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a primary calcined material, wherein the average particle size of the ternary precursor is 13.60 mu m, and the specific surface area is 2.99m2(g) apparent density of 1.86g/cm3The tap density is 2.06g/cm3;
S2, adding the primary calcined material and water into a reaction kettle according to the water-material mass ratio of 1:1 for wet mixing to obtain a reaction material; the water washing temperature is 30 ℃, the mixture is continuously stirred and reacts for 30min, then filter-pressed and dried in a forced air drying oven for 8h at the temperature of 120 ℃, and a mixed material is obtained;
s3, mixing the materials with La with the addition amount of 0.16 percent of the mass of the materials2O3Uniformly mixing, then placing the mixture in an oxygen atmosphere for calcining at 550 ℃ for 8 hours, and then crushing, sieving and demagnetizing the mixture to obtain the ternary cathode material.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are high-power scanning electron micrographs of the comparative example.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a long-cycle ternary cathode material, which comprises the following steps:
a preparation method of a high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer comprises the following steps:
s1, adding Ni0.88Co0.09Mn0.03(OH)2Mixing the ternary precursor with lithium hydroxide monohydrate (battery grade) in a molar ratio of Li to M to 1.045 to 1, and adding ZrO with 0.1% of mass of the nickel-cobalt-containing ternary precursor20.1% of Y2O3Calcining at 720 ℃ for 9h in 92.4 percent oxygen atmosphere at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min to obtain a primary calcined material a, wherein the average particle size of the ternary precursor is 13.60 mu m, and the specific surface area is 2.99m2(g) apparent density of 1.86g/cm3The tap density is 2.06g/cm3;
S2, mixing Ni0.88Co0.09Mn0.03(OH)2Mixing the ternary precursor with lithium hydroxide monohydrate (battery grade) at a ratio of Li to M being 1.06 to 1, and adding ZrO with a mass of 0.1% of that of the nickel-cobalt-containing ternary precursor20.1 percent of SrO, calcining at 725 ℃ for 10h in 95.6 percent of oxygen atmosphere, and heating up at the speed of 3 ℃/min to obtain a primary calcined material b, wherein the average grain diameter of the ternary precursor is 2.77 mu m, and the specific surface area is 7.60m2(g) apparent density of 1.02g/cm3Tap density of 1.78g/cm3;
S3, weighing the primary calcined material a and the primary calcined material b in a mass ratio of 7:3, adding the weighed calcined materials into a reaction kettle in a water-material ratio of 1.2:1, and carrying out wet mixing to obtain a reaction material, wherein lithium hydroxide accounting for 0.2% of the total weight of the weighed calcined materials is dissolved in deionized water; controlling the reaction temperature to be 40 ℃, dropwise adding magnesium sulfate accounting for 5% of the mass of the reaction material by a peristaltic pump at a constant speed, controlling the magnesium sulfate to be completely added within 5min, continuously stirring the reaction kettle for reaction for 35min, performing filter pressing, and drying in a forced air drying oven at 130 ℃ for 7h to obtain a mixed material;
s4, mixing the mixed material with TiO with the addition amount of 0.16 percent of the mixed material mass2Uniformly mixing, then calcining at 600 ℃ for 8h in 30% oxygen atmosphere at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, and then crushing, sieving and demagnetizing to obtain the ternary cathode material.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are high power scanning electron micrographs of the present embodiment; FIG. 5 is an XRD diffraction pattern of the present example; fig. 6 is a graph comparing the 450 cycle retention rate curves of the pouch cells of the positive electrode material of this example and comparative example 1. Compared with an electron microscope image, the high-nickel cathode material obtained in the embodiment is compacted more tightly than the cathode material obtained in a comparative example, and the coating layer is more uniform; fig. 6 shows that the cycle retention of the positive electrode material obtained in this example is higher by about 4% than that of the positive electrode material obtained in the comparative example after 450 cycles.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a long-cycle ternary cathode material, which comprises the following steps:
a preparation method of a high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer comprises the following steps:
s1, adding Ni0.83Co0.12Mn0.05(OH)2Mixing the ternary precursor with lithium hydroxide monohydrate (battery grade) in a molar ratio of Li to M to 1.04 to 1, and adding WO with the mass of 0.05 percent of that of the nickel-cobalt-containing ternary precursor3Calcining 0.05 percent AlOOH in 94.5 percent oxygen atmosphere at 765 ℃ for 10h and at the temperature rise speed of 4 ℃/min to obtain a primary calcined material c, wherein the average grain diameter of the nickel-cobalt-containing ternary precursor is 10.57 mu m, and the specific surface area is 6.16m2(g) apparent density of 1.69g/cm3Tap density of 2.16g/cm3;
S2, mixing Ni0.83Co0.12Mn0.05(OH)2Mixing the ternary precursor with lithium hydroxide monohydrate (battery grade) at a ratio of Li to M of 1.05 to 1, and adding ZrO 2 mass% of the nickel-cobalt-containing ternary precursor20.05% of MoO3Calcining at 750 ℃ for 10h in 96.3 percent oxygen atmosphere at the temperature rise speed of 4 ℃/min to obtain a primary calcined material d, wherein the average particle size of the ternary precursor is 3.29 mu m, and the specific surface area is 6.60m2(g) apparent density of 1.06g/cm3Tap density of 1.85g/cm3;
S3, weighing the primary calcined material c and the primary calcined material d in a mass ratio of 5:5, adding the weighed calcined materials into a reaction kettle in a water-material ratio of 2:1, and carrying out wet mixing to obtain a reaction material, wherein lithium hydroxide accounting for 0.4% of the total weight of the weighed calcined materials is dissolved in deionized water; controlling the reaction temperature to be 35 ℃, dropwise adding manganese sulfate which is 4% of the mass of the reaction material by a peristaltic pump at a constant speed, controlling the dropping within 8min, continuously stirring the reaction kettle for reaction for 40min, performing filter pressing, and drying in a forced air drying oven at 150 ℃ for 6h to obtain a mixed material;
s4, mixing the materials with B in an amount which is 1.2 percent of the mass of the materials2O3Uniformly mixing, then placing in a 50% oxygen atmosphere, calcining at 560 ℃ for 8h at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and then crushing, sieving and demagnetizing to obtain the ternary cathode material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a long-cycle ternary cathode material, which comprises the following steps:
a preparation method of a high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer comprises the following steps:
s1, adding Ni0.90Co0.05Mn0.05(OH)2Mixing the ternary precursor with lithium hydroxide monohydrate (battery grade) in a molar ratio of Li to M being 1.06 to 1, and adding ZrO with 0.2% of mass of the nickel-cobalt-containing ternary precursor2And 0.2 percent of SrO, calcining at 710 ℃ for 10h in 99 percent of oxygen atmosphere, and heating at the speed of 6 ℃/min to obtain a primary calcined material, wherein the nickel-cobalt-containing ternary precursor has the average particle size of 9.58 mu m and the specific surface area of 5.99m2(g) apparent density of 1.70g/cm3Tap density of 2.17g/cm3;
S2, mixing Ni0.80Co0.10Mn0.10(OH)2The ternary precursor was mixed with lithium hydroxide monohydrate (battery grade) in a ratio of Li: M ═ 1.07:1, and Mg (OH) was added in an amount of 0.1% by mass based on the weight of the nickel-cobalt-containing ternary precursor20.05% of Al2O30.05% of Nb2O5Calcining at 790 ℃ for 9h in 97.6 percent oxygen atmosphere at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min to obtain a primary calcined material f, wherein the average particle size of the ternary precursor is 4.12 mu m, and the specific surface area is 5.89m2(g) apparent density of 1.15g/cm3Tap density of 1.98g/cm3;
S3, weighing the primary calcined material e, namely the primary calcined material f is 8:2, adding the weighed calcined material into a reaction kettle according to the water-material ratio of 1, and carrying out wet mixing to obtain a reaction material, wherein lithium hydroxide accounting for 0.3% of the total weight of the weighed calcined material is dissolved in deionized water; controlling the reaction temperature to be 30 ℃, dropwise adding nickel sulfate accounting for 8 percent of the mass of the reaction material by a peristaltic pump at a constant speed, controlling the dropping within 15min, continuously stirring the reaction kettle for reaction for 55min, performing filter pressing, and drying in a blast drying oven at 200 ℃ for 4h to obtain a mixed material;
s4, mixing the materials and Al (OH) with the addition amount of 0.05 percent of the mass of the materials30.10% of V2O5Mixing, calcining at 550 deg.C for 6 hr in 50% oxygen atmosphere, and heatingAt the speed of 5 ℃/min, crushing, sieving and demagnetizing to obtain the ternary cathode material.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing a large-particle high-nickel polycrystalline precursor, lithium hydroxide and a dopant by a high-speed dry method to obtain a mixed material; sintering the mixed material in an atmosphere furnace under the oxygen atmosphere to obtain a large-particle high-nickel polycrystalline primary sintering material;
s2, uniformly mixing the small-particle high-nickel polycrystalline precursor, lithium hydroxide and a doping agent by a high-speed dry method to obtain a mixed material; sintering the mixed material in an atmosphere furnace under the oxygen atmosphere to obtain a small-particle high-nickel polycrystalline primary sintering material;
s3, mixing the large-particle high-nickel polycrystal primary sintering material, the small-particle high-nickel polycrystal primary sintering material and deionized water dissolved with lithium hydroxide in a reaction kettle in a wet method to obtain a mixture; then dripping soluble salt, and after the reaction is completed, carrying out filter pressing and drying to obtain a mixture;
and S4, uniformly mixing the mixture and the coating agent by a dry method, performing secondary aerobic calcination in an atmosphere furnace, and crushing, sieving and demagnetizing to obtain the high-nickel anode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the large particles are formed of the high nickel positive electrode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layerThe general formula of the granular nickel polycrystal precursor is NixCoyMz (OH)2Wherein x + y + z is 1, 0.8 ≦ x<1,0<y<0.2,0<z<0.2, M is Al or Mn; d50 is 8 to 18 μm.
3. The method for preparing a high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the general formula of the small-particle high-nickel polycrystalline precursor is NixCoyMz (OH)2Wherein x + y + z is 1, 0.8 ≦ x<1,0<y<0.2,0<z<0.2, M is Al or Mn; d50 is 2-5 μm.
4. The method for preparing a high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer according to claim 1, wherein in the steps S1 and S2, the ratio of the molar weight of Li to the total molar weight of Ni, Co and M in the high-nickel polycrystalline precursor is 1.01-1.05: 1; the dopant is Al2O3、Al(OH)3、AlOOH、Mg(OH)2、MgO、Ti(OH)4、TiO2、ZrO2、BaO、V2O5、SiO2、Y2O3、Rb2O、WO3、SrO、B2O3、Sr(OH)2·8H2O、MoO3、La2O3、Nb2O5At least one of; the addition amount of the dopant is 0.05-0.4% of the mass of the high-nickel polycrystalline precursor.
5. The method for preparing the high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the oxygen atmosphere sintering comprises: calcining for 6-14 h at 600-850 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2-10 ℃/min, and the volume concentration of the oxygen atmosphere is as follows: 20-99.9%; in step S2, the oxygen atmosphere sintering specifically includes: calcining for 6-14 h at 600-850 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2-10 ℃/min, and the volume concentration of the oxygen atmosphere is as follows: 20 to 99.9 percent.
6. The method for preparing a low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer high nickel cathode material according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the mass ratio of the large-particle high nickel polycrystalline primary sintered material to the small-particle high nickel polycrystalline primary sintered material is 5.0: 1-9.5: 1; the mass ratio of the high-nickel polycrystal primary sintering material with large and small particles to the deionized water is 0.5: 1-4: 1; the mass of the lithium hydroxide dissolved in the deionized water is 0.05-0.9% of the total mass of the large-particle high-nickel polycrystalline sintering material and the small-particle high-nickel polycrystalline sintering material; the soluble salts are one or more of sulfates, chlorides, phosphates, nitrates, oxalates, ammonium citrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate containing Al, Mg, Ti, Ni, Mn, Ta, Co, Si, Ba, Nb, Ca, V, Sc and Y; the amount of the soluble salts is 0.5 to 15 percent of the total mass of the large and small particle high nickel polycrystalline sintering material.
7. The method for preparing a high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the reaction temperature is 25-60 ℃, the reaction time is 0.4-2 h, the drying temperature is 120-200 ℃, and the drying time is 2-8 h.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the coating agent is Zr (OH)4、Al(OH)3、Mg(OH)2、Ti(OH)4、TiO2、AlOOH、La2O3、H3BO3、Y2O3、MgO、V2O5、Rb2O、WO3、B2O3At least one of; the coating amount is 0.1-1.0% of the mass of the mixture.
9. The method for preparing a high-nickel cathode material with low residual alkali, high compaction and uniform coating layer according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the temperature of the secondary aerobic sintering is 250 to 650 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 1 to 10 ℃/min, the calcination time is 2 to 12h, and the volume concentration of the oxygen atmosphere is: 40-99.9%.
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