CN112189559A - Breeding method and breeding equipment of cyperus esculentus - Google Patents
Breeding method and breeding equipment of cyperus esculentus Download PDFInfo
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- CN112189559A CN112189559A CN202011251390.1A CN202011251390A CN112189559A CN 112189559 A CN112189559 A CN 112189559A CN 202011251390 A CN202011251390 A CN 202011251390A CN 112189559 A CN112189559 A CN 112189559A
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- 235000005853 Cyperus esculentus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 241000103725 Cyperus esculentus var. esculentus Species 0.000 title 1
- 244000285774 Cyperus esculentus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)OCC DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940008406 diethyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/06—Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding cyperus esculentus, which comprises the steps of selecting seeds of a representative cyperus esculentus variety with excellent yield and quality as parents, processing the parents by a DES mutagenesis method, sowing the mutagenized seeds in a field, selecting excellent single plants with mutation characters in M2 and M3 generations, carrying out southern propagation and generation addition, continuously selecting 3-5 generations until the cyperus esculentus variety with stable characters is selected, finally carrying out quality ratio test identification on the selected variety, and selecting and breeding a new cyperus esculentus variety with excellent comprehensive characters and outstanding mutation characters through three comprehensive characters of yield, quality and stress resistance. The DES mutation breeding method is applied to variety breeding of the cyperus esculentus for the first time, is beneficial to highlighting the target character, and has the advantages of increasing the genetic heterogeneity of the target character, remarkably shortening the breeding period and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding, in particular to a breeding method and breeding equipment of cyperus esculentus.
Background
Cyperus esculentus, also called tiger nut, originally produced in Africa and China in Mediterranean coast, belongs to annual plant of Gramineae, has strong adaptability, and is introduced from China and planted in Heilongjiang, Beijing, Hebei, Hunan, Shandong, Sichuan and other places. The cyperus esculentus is a high-quality, high-yield and high-comprehensive-utilization-value multi-purpose oil and grain crop and is also an ornamental plant, 1 mu of cyperus esculentus is equivalent to 7-10 mu of rape, the oil content of the cyperus esculentus is as high as about 35 percent, the oil quality is good, and the cyperus esculentus is rich in unsaturated fatty acid. However, the variety of the cyperus esculentus suitable for being planted in China is in short supply, and the market demand cannot be met.
Mutation breeding is to induce organisms to generate mutation by using factors such as physics, chemistry and the like under artificial conditions, and then select the mutation to breed a new variety with outstanding target characters. However, no method for breeding cyperus esculentus by chemical induction is known in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and equipment for breeding cyperus esculentus to obtain a new variety with excellent comprehensive properties such as yield, quality and stress resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for breeding cyperus esculentus is characterized in that seeds of a representative cyperus esculentus variety with excellent yield and quality are selected as parents, the parents are treated by a DES mutagenesis method, the mutagenized seeds are sown in the field, excellent single plants with mutation characters are selected from M2 generations and M3 generations, the generations are added in south propagation, 3-5 generations are continuously selected until the cyperus esculentus variety with stable characters is selected, finally the selected variety is subjected to quality ratio test identification, and a new cyperus esculentus variety with excellent comprehensive characters and outstanding mutation characters is selected by considering the three comprehensive characters of yield, quality and stress resistance.
The cyperus esculentus breeding method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) parent selection: selecting representative seeds of the cyperus esculentus variety with excellent yield and quality as parents;
(2) DES mutagenesis treatment: sterilizing the surface of the parent seeds for 10min by using 1% sodium hypochlorite, and soaking the seeds for 10-13h by using 0.3% diethyl sulfate;
(3) and (3) mutagenic progeny treatment: washing the mutagenized seeds with clear water, and then planting the seeds in field hole sowing with 1 seed in each hole sowing;
(4) selecting fields: selecting excellent single plants with mutation characters from M2 and M3 generations, and continuously selecting 3-5 generations from the generations of south propagation and the generations until the cyperus esculentus strain with stable characters is selected;
(5) comparative test: and (3) carrying out quality ratio test identification on the selected strain, and breeding a new cyperus esculentus variety with excellent comprehensive properties and outstanding mutation properties by considering the three comprehensive properties of yield, quality and stress resistance.
Preferably, the DES mutagenesis treatment in step (2) is performed in a breeding device, the breeding device includes a support base and a support cylindrical column, the support base is a transition region with a center depressed downward to form a circular shape, an annular limiting groove is formed in the transition region near the center, the support cylindrical column is fixed on the annular limiting groove in a clamping manner, and a plurality of water passing holes are uniformly formed in the support cylindrical column and the position in the transition region along the circumferential direction; a micro water pump is arranged in the support cylindrical column, a water inlet of the micro water pump is communicated with the water through hole, a water outlet of the micro water pump is connected with a connecting pipeline, the connecting pipeline is connected and communicated with a spray pipe fixed at a position, close to the top, of the support cylindrical column, and a plurality of spray heads are fixed at the top of the spray pipe; a plurality of fixing bolt holes are formed in different height positions, which are positioned below the spray pipe, on the support cylindrical column, a fixing ring is sleeved outside the support cylindrical column, bolt holes are also formed in the fixing ring, and bolts penetrate through the bolt holes in the fixing ring and the fixing bolt holes in different height positions on the support cylindrical column so that the fixing ring is fixed at the different height positions of the support cylindrical column; a transverse supporting rod is fixedly welded on the fixing ring, and a seed placing groove with a plurality of sieve pores is suspended on the transverse supporting rod; a collecting basin is arranged on the supporting base and below the spray pipe; a soaking basin is also placed on the supporting base, and the height of the soaking basin is higher than that of the collecting basin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the DES mutation breeding method is applied to variety breeding of the cyperus esculentus for the first time, so that the method is beneficial to highlighting the target character, and has the advantages of increasing the genetic heterogeneity of the target character, obviously shortening the breeding period and the like;
2. through the arrangement of the specially-made breeding equipment, chemical mutation breeding can be realized in the same equipment, the breeding operation is convenient, and the disinfected and sterilized sodium hypochlorite can be recycled after being collected;
3. the breeding equipment provided by the invention is reasonable in structural design and is very suitable for laboratories.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a support cylindrical column structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further elucidated with reference to specific embodiments. The following are only preferred embodiments of the present application and all equivalent or similar substitutes without departing from the inventive concept of the present application shall fall within the scope of the present invention. The details are not described below, and all of them are made with reference to the prior art.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the invention comprises a supporting base 1 and a supporting cylindrical column 2, wherein the supporting base 1 is a transition area 1.1 with a center depressed downwards to form a circular shape, an annular limiting groove is formed in the transition area 1.1 near the center, the supporting cylindrical column 2 is clamped and fixed on the annular limiting groove, and a plurality of water through holes 1.2 are uniformly arranged on the supporting cylindrical column 2 and in the transition area 1.1 along the circumferential direction; a micro water pump 3 is placed in the support cylindrical column 2, a water inlet of the micro water pump 3 is communicated with a water through hole 1.2, a water outlet of the micro water pump 3 is connected with a connecting pipeline 4, the connecting pipeline 4 is connected and communicated with a spray pipe 5 fixed at the position, close to the top, of the support cylindrical column 2, and a plurality of spray heads 6 are fixed at the top of the spray pipe 5; a plurality of fixing bolt holes 8 are formed in different height positions, which are positioned below the spray pipe 5, on the support cylindrical column 2, a fixing ring 9 is sleeved outside the support cylindrical column 2, bolt holes are also formed in the fixing ring 9, and bolts 10 penetrate through the bolt holes 8 in the fixing ring and fixing bolt holes in different height positions on the support cylindrical column 2 so that the fixing ring 9 is fixed on the different height positions of the support cylindrical column 2; a transverse support rod 11 is fixedly welded on the fixing ring 9, and a seed placing groove 12 with a plurality of sieve pores is suspended on the transverse support rod 11; a collecting basin 13 is arranged on the supporting base 1 and below the spray pipe, the height of the bottom of the collecting basin 13 is higher than that of the bottom of the transition area 1.1, and the collecting basin and the transition area are communicated through a pipeline; a soaking basin 14 is also placed on the supporting base 1, and the height of the soaking basin 14 is higher than that of the collecting basin 13.
Example one
The cyperus esculentus breeding method of the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) parent selection: selecting representative seeds of the cyperus esculentus variety with excellent yield and quality as parents, wherein the excellent quality refers to the oil content of the seeds being more than 25%;
(2) DES mutagenesis treatment: the selected seeds are placed in the seed placement groove 12 for mutagenesis treatment, namely the seeds are placed in the seed placement groove, the bolts are loosened to move the fixing ring 9 to the position below the spray head 6, then the bolts 10 are screwed down to fix the fixing ring 9, 1% sodium hypochlorite solution is poured into the transition area 1.1, the micro water pump 3 is started, 1% sodium hypochlorite is sprayed on the surface of the parent seeds through the spray head 6, the surface of the parent seeds is sterilized for 10min, the micro water pump 3 is closed, and in the whole process, the 1% sodium hypochlorite permeates from the seed placement groove 12 and then falls into the collection basin 13 for collection, and flows back to the transition area 1.1, so that recycling is achieved. Then, the tightening bolt 10 is loosened, the fixing ring 9 is rotated and moved to enable the fixing ring 9 to be placed above one side of the soaking basin 14, at the moment, the seed placing groove 12 is placed in the soaking basin 14, 0.3% diethyl sulfate solution is poured into the soaking basin 14 in advance, and seeds are soaked for 10-13 hours by 0.3% diethyl sulfate;
(3) and (3) mutagenic progeny treatment: washing the mutagenized seeds with clear water, and then planting the seeds in field hole sowing with 1 seed in each hole sowing;
(4) selecting fields: selecting individual plants after the sowed plants in the step (3) are mature, continuously selecting excellent individual plants with mutation characters in M2 and M3 generations, performing southern propagation and generation addition, and continuously selecting 3-5 generations until cyperus esculentus strains with stable characters are selected;
(5) comparative test: and (3) carrying out quality ratio test identification on the selected strain, and breeding a new cyperus esculentus variety with excellent comprehensive properties and outstanding mutation properties by considering the three comprehensive properties of yield, quality and stress resistance.
Specific examples are as follows:
selecting 3 parts of variety with yield per mu of more than 450KG (dry weight of tuber) and oil content of seeds of 25-30% from a batch of cyperus esculentus seed resources collected from Heilongjiang, Shandong, Sichuan and the like in 2015, and performing radiation mutagenesis on the variety with relatively high yield and high oil content of seeds by combining field property expression and yield measurement results. Putting the selected seeds into the breeding equipment for mutagenesis treatment (firstly, sterilizing the surfaces of the seeds for 10min by using 1% sodium hypochlorite, and then soaking the seeds for 10-13h by using 0.3% diethyl sulfate); after treatment, seeds are washed clean by clear water and planted in hole sowing in the field, 1 seed is planted in each hole sowing, a single plant is selected after the seeds are matured, 2016-year 2017 (M2 and M3 generation) field excellent strains are continuously selected, M4 generation is carried out in Hainan III in 2018, 2-year 2-point variety comparison tests are respectively carried out on the M5 excellent strains in Hainan III base and Hunan Changde in 2019 to 2020, and new varieties with high yield and high quality (KG526 per mu yield and 31.58% of oil content in seeds) are screened out by combining field character expression, yield and quality results.
Claims (3)
1. A method for breeding cyperus esculentus is characterized in that seeds of a representative cyperus esculentus variety with excellent yield and quality are selected as parents, the parents are treated by a DES mutagenesis method, the mutagenized seeds are sown in the field, excellent single plants with mutation characters are selected from M2 generations and M3 generations, the generations are added in south propagation, 3-5 generations are continuously selected until the cyperus esculentus variety with stable characters is selected, finally the selected variety is subjected to quality ratio test identification, and a new cyperus esculentus variety with excellent comprehensive characters and outstanding mutation characters is selected by considering the three comprehensive characters of yield, quality and stress resistance.
2. A breeding method of cyperus esculentus according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) parent selection: selecting representative seeds of the cyperus esculentus variety with excellent yield and quality as parents;
(2) DES mutagenesis treatment: sterilizing the surface of the parent seeds for 10min by using 1% sodium hypochlorite, and soaking the seeds for 10-13h by using 0.3% diethyl sulfate;
(3) and (3) mutagenic progeny treatment: washing the mutagenized seeds with clear water, and then planting the seeds in field hole sowing with 1 seed in each hole sowing;
(4) selecting fields: selecting excellent single plants with mutation characters from M2 and M3 generations, and continuously selecting 3-5 generations from the generations of south propagation and the generations until the cyperus esculentus strain with stable characters is selected;
(5) comparative test: and (3) carrying out quality ratio test identification on the selected strain, and breeding a new cyperus esculentus variety with excellent comprehensive properties and outstanding mutation properties by considering the three comprehensive properties of yield, quality and stress resistance.
3. A method for breeding cyperus esculentus according to claim 2, wherein the DES mutagenesis treatment in step (2) is performed in a breeding device comprising a support base and a support cylindrical column, wherein the support base is a transition region with a circular center depressed downwards, an annular limiting groove is formed in the transition region near the center, the support cylindrical column is fixed on the annular limiting groove in a clamping manner, and a plurality of water passing holes are uniformly formed in the support cylindrical column and the transition region along the circumferential direction; a micro water pump is arranged in the support cylindrical column, a water inlet of the micro water pump is communicated with the water through hole, a water outlet of the micro water pump is connected with a connecting pipeline, the connecting pipeline is connected and communicated with a spray pipe fixed at a position, close to the top, of the support cylindrical column, and a plurality of spray heads are fixed at the top of the spray pipe; a plurality of fixing bolt holes are formed in different height positions, which are positioned below the spray pipe, on the support cylindrical column, a fixing ring is sleeved outside the support cylindrical column, bolt holes are also formed in the fixing ring, and bolts penetrate through the bolt holes in the fixing ring and the fixing bolt holes in different height positions on the support cylindrical column so that the fixing ring is fixed at the different height positions of the support cylindrical column; a transverse supporting rod is fixedly welded on the fixing ring, and a seed placing groove with a plurality of sieve pores is suspended on the transverse supporting rod; a collecting basin is arranged on the supporting base and below the spray pipe; a soaking basin is also placed on the supporting base, and the height of the soaking basin is higher than that of the collecting basin.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011251390.1A CN112189559A (en) | 2020-11-11 | 2020-11-11 | Breeding method and breeding equipment of cyperus esculentus |
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| CN202011251390.1A CN112189559A (en) | 2020-11-11 | 2020-11-11 | Breeding method and breeding equipment of cyperus esculentus |
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| CN202011251390.1A Pending CN112189559A (en) | 2020-11-11 | 2020-11-11 | Breeding method and breeding equipment of cyperus esculentus |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203167708U (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-09-04 | 芜湖东源新农村开发股份有限公司 | Factory large-size seedling cultivation system |
| CN206078016U (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-04-12 | 韩德志 | Soybean educates bud device |
| CN209497856U (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-10-18 | 哈尔滨市农业科学院 | A kind of leaching medicine, the integrated tomato breeding device of vernalization |
| CN210900279U (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-07-03 | 天津天隆在田农业科技有限公司 | Atomizing immersion type seed inducing device |
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2020
- 2020-11-11 CN CN202011251390.1A patent/CN112189559A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203167708U (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-09-04 | 芜湖东源新农村开发股份有限公司 | Factory large-size seedling cultivation system |
| CN206078016U (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-04-12 | 韩德志 | Soybean educates bud device |
| CN209497856U (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-10-18 | 哈尔滨市农业科学院 | A kind of leaching medicine, the integrated tomato breeding device of vernalization |
| CN210900279U (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-07-03 | 天津天隆在田农业科技有限公司 | Atomizing immersion type seed inducing device |
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