CN112188896A - 用抗生素治疗良性前列腺增生的方法 - Google Patents
用抗生素治疗良性前列腺增生的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112188896A CN112188896A CN201980018536.7A CN201980018536A CN112188896A CN 112188896 A CN112188896 A CN 112188896A CN 201980018536 A CN201980018536 A CN 201980018536A CN 112188896 A CN112188896 A CN 112188896A
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Abstract
公开了使用含有一种或多种抗生素的组合物改善患有BPH的哺乳动物的症状的方法。所述方法包含(但不限于)在一个或多个治疗疗程内通过一种或多种投予途径单独或与载体一起向有需要的哺乳动物投予至少一种抗生素,所述一种或多种投予途径选自肌内、口服、静脉内、鞘内、瘤内、鼻内、局部和经皮。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本PCT申请要求2018年3月28日提交的美国专利申请第15/938,920号的优先权,其在此明确地以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
背景技术
1.序列表
本申请含有序列表,所述序列表以ASCII格式以电子方式提交,且在此以全文引用的方式并入。将2018年5月15日创建的所述ASCII拷贝命名为063307-0458312_SL.txt且大小为749字节。
2.实施例的领域
实施例包含使用包含至少一种抗生素的组合物治疗良性前列腺增生的方法。其它实施例包含使用包含至少一种抗生素、一种或多种基于小肽的化合物和药学上可接受的载剂治疗良性前列腺增生的方法。
3.相关技术的描述
良性前列腺增生(Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia;BPH)是指前列腺的平滑肌和上皮细胞的非恶性增殖的组织学诊断。Lee C等人,“控制良性前列腺生长的内在和外来因素(Intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling benign prostatic growth)”,《前列腺(Prostate)》,1997;31:131-138;Auffenberg GB等人,“已建立的用于良性前列腺增生的医学疗法(Established medical therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia)”,《北美泌尿外科诊所(Urol Clin North Am)》,2009;36:443-459。确切的病因是未知的。BPH的进展可导致良性前列腺增大(benign prostatic enlargement;BPE),其由前列腺的大小(病理性)来确定。大约50%的患有组织学BPH的男性罹患BPE。BPE可能最终造成膀胱出口梗阻(bladder outlet obstruction;BOO),其在与BPE相关时也称为良性前列腺梗阻(benignprostatic obstruction;BPO)。BOO和BPO通过尿动力学测量来确定。
罹患BPH是老年男性的一种现象。前列腺在出生时重几克,在青春期经历雄激素诱导的生长,到生命的第二十年,达到20g的成人大小。前列腺通常在重量和组织学特征上保持稳定持续约25年。在第五十年时,大多数男性开始第二次激增。随着细胞的局部增殖,此第二次生长阶段起源于腺体的尿道周围区域。生长和增大可能进展成压缩剩余的正常腺体,导致腺体大小大幅增加,且造成泌尿和/或直肠梗阻。
良性前列腺增生(BPH)与低尿道功能中的困难相关。这些症状包含若干问题,例如排尿后膀胱有尿不尽的感觉;需要经常排尿;排尿期间时断时续若干次;难以推迟排尿;尿流弱;排尿期间需要使劲和用力;和在入睡后的夜间需要排尿。前列腺病况的诊断涉及在差异诊断中考虑所有可能的病况,例如癌症、感染、良性增大等,且评估需要由合格的临床医生使用来自病史、身体检查、成像、实验室分析和专门测试(例如尿流速和其它功能测试、内窥镜、活检和对干预和药物的临床应答)的技术和数据进行的测试和评定。
前列腺炎的诊断涉及仔细的病史和身体检查、尿液和前列腺分泌物的分析和培养,以及对抗生素疗程的通常治疗应答。前列腺炎的症状谱可包含非特异性症状以及更为典型的疼痛和炎症症状。非特异性症状可包含也在BPH中发现的尿急、尿频、夜尿症和排尿障碍。抗生素和抗感染药并未被认为是用于BPH的公认疗法。
BPH被认为是由残留在尿道壁内或尿道壁附近的一组内部前列腺导管和腺体引起的。初始病变通常由微小质量的缺少腺组分的松散结缔组织基质构成。然而,随着结节发育和生长,腺组织占主导。一旦开始增生过程,正常前列腺(基质、肌肉和腺)的所有元素都在不同程度上参与进行性生长。这些组织在患有BPH的患者中的相对量的确定已显示纤维肌肉组织的量远超过腺或上皮组织的量。纤维肌肉基质构成正常前列腺体积的大约45%,与增生腺中的大约60%相反。
基质和腺(上皮)组分的肥大可能单独出现或一起出现。节结的性质和其发育阶段证明了不同应答。增生结节中的腺体似乎具有萌芽且形成新导管和腺泡的能力。基质节结很少达到较大的大小,而临床上显著的生长通常具有较大腺组分。前列腺增大通常在腺器官的增大方面进行描述;然而,平滑肌也是重要组分。前列腺包膜具有甚至更高比例的肌肉组织。
良性前列腺增大的主要症状是泌尿梗阻。由于尿道的压缩或伸长,发生尿道梗阻。仅良性结节增生可通过物理上阻塞尿道或通过干扰供应泌尿括约肌的肌肉或神经而造成泌尿梗阻。结节增生的确切位置确定了梗阻症状的速度和强度。较小的位于关键位置的节结可能比保留在前列腺包膜内的更大更外侧肥大造成更多的梗阻。血尿症是BPH的常见症状,因为前列腺肥大是尿道表面上伴随静脉扩张的血管生长。其它刺激性症状包含增加的排尿频率和严重尿急,其迫使在最小警示下排尿。前列腺肥大的最严重并发症是梗阻对上部尿道的影响。梗阻可能导致肾积水、严重肾损伤和潜在地致命性尿毒症。
存在目前可供BPH使用的若干疗法,参见第1章,《良性前列腺增生(BPH)管理指南(Guidelines on the Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia(BPH))》,美国泌尿外科学会教育和研究公司(American Urological Association Education andResearch,Inc.),(2001);Oelke M等人,《欧洲泌尿外科学会(European Association ofUrology)》,《欧洲泌尿外科杂志(Eur.Urol)》,2013年7月;64(1):118-40。所述指南讨论了从观察等待(watchful waiting;WW)(针对呈现症状但没有足以需要药物或手术干预的困扰的男性)到药物治疗,到手术干预变化的治疗选项。如果需要医学治疗,那么因此可以使用例如α-阻断剂或α-肾上腺素拮抗剂(例如,阿呋唑嗪(Alfuzosin)、多沙唑嗪(Doxazosin)、坦索罗辛(Tamsulosin)、特拉唑嗪(Terazosin)、西洛多辛(Silodosin))、5-α-还原酶抑制剂5ARI(度他雄胺(Dutasteride)、非那雄安(Finasteride))、抗毒蕈碱药(antimuscarinics)(抗胆碱激导性剂(anticholinergics))、PDE5抑制剂(他达拉非(tadalafil))和组合的药物。微创疗法包含经尿道针刺消融(TUNA)和经尿道微波温热疗法(TUMT)。创伤性手术程序包含开放性前列腺切除术、经尿道钬激光消融(HoLAP)或激光去核(HoLEP)、钬激光切除(HoLRP)、光选择性气化(PVP)、经尿道前列腺切开(TUIP)、经尿道前列腺气化(TUVP)和经尿道前列腺切除(TURP)。
前列腺切除术是目前公认的用于缓解由于BPH所致的膀胱颈梗阻的程序。手术治疗的目标是逆转且消除例如肾衰竭、结石形成和感染的泌尿梗阻的影响。另外,期望通过允许患者在良好的控制下以正常时间间隔排泄且允许正常的性功能来改善患者的生活质量。手术前列腺切除术的指征包含:70岁以下的男性;正常肾脏;极健康的膀胱;直肠检查时前列腺的显著增大;明确的尿道梗阻;超过四盎司的残余尿液;以及尿频、疼痛、里急后重、灼伤、尿道热发作、附睾炎和血尿症的症状。当患者的膀胱颈梗阻足以产生严重症状且具有良好的手术风险时,通常建议通过趾骨上、趾骨后、会阴或经尿道途径进行梗阻前列腺组织的去除。
开放式手术前列腺切除术的死亡率对于各种技术基本上相当,死亡率风险在1%左右波动。在经历TURP的患者中,死亡风险较小。患有公认的肾衰竭的患者被视为前列腺切除术的不良风险。随着TURP的死亡率增加,80岁以上的男性处于更大的风险下。
众所周知,去势有效地预防BPH。前列腺(无论是增大还是正常)在睾丸切除术后经历萎缩且变成小韧性纤维团,其中仅存在腺管和导管的残余。虽然此程序是在世纪之交时使用的,但是其被放弃,取而代之的是切除梗阻组织。控制前列腺增大的大多数尝试集中于激素类固醇的投予且基于通过去除雄激素刺激的主要来源进行去势而引起症状改善和前列腺大小减小的概念。特定抗雄激素疗法已被指导通过预防梗阻泌尿症状的发作或通过诱导前列腺消退和退化来抑制前列腺生长,从而缓解梗阻症状。
旨在剥夺雄激素刺激前列腺的努力已采取多种方法,包含抑止促黄体激素(LH)的雌激素疗法和抗雄激素疗法。BPH的雌激素疗法基于以下事实:在适当剂量下,雌激素降低循环睾酮的水平。针对控制BPH的医疗疗法形式包含使用抑制前列腺生长但不产生有害副作用的抗雄激素。抗雄激素已显示竞争性地抑制二氢睾酮与细胞受体的结合,且将男性的睾酮浓度降低至去势水平。然而,一旦停止抗雄激素,增生恢复。因此,经历此类型疗法的患者期待终身的药物治疗,伴随抗雄激素疗法的附带非所要副作用。这种疗法的常见所报道副作用包含乳腺增大、乳头触痛、性欲缺失、阳萎和痤疮。
睾酮是一种激素原,其通过5-α-还原酶的作用转化为前列腺中的二氢睾酮。因此,已提出酶5-α-还原酶作为自杀抑制剂的作用目标以降低二氢睾丸的水平。此已显示介导良性前列腺增大。已显示类固醇重氮酮是酶5-α-还原酶的天然底物的独特类似物,且通过在酶的活性位点中或附近通过重氮烷化形成共价键来抑制酶的催化活性。
酮康唑是已被显示作为性腺和肾上腺睾酮产生的强力抑制剂的咪唑衍生物。酮康唑似乎不影响其LH分泌物中的垂体;然而,其的确抑制胆固醇合成,引起肾上腺和性腺雄激素水平的临床降低,且具有低毒性。通过投予酮康唑产生的激素变化是剂量依赖性的和完全可逆的。已显示所述药物适用于可能受益于对性腺或肾上腺类固醇产生的抑制的临床病况。已显示酮康唑是睾酮合成的强力抑制剂且可在BPH处理方面具有治疗益处。酮康唑疗法的潜在副作用包含性欲减退、阳萎、男性乳房发育症和性腺功能低下症。
鸟氨酸脱羧酶是参与多元胺腐胺、亚精胺和精胺的生物合成的酶。这些多元胺被认为涉及增强的细胞生长和复制。在正经历快速增殖的前列腺和其它腺体中发现这些多元胺的水平升高。在合成鸟氨酸脱羧酶的强效自杀抑制剂(例如DL-α-二氟甲基-鸟氨酸(DFMO))时,已显示鸟氨酸脱羧酶的前列腺水平随腐胺和亚精胺的后续消耗而明显地降低。在动物中,投予鸟氨酸脱羧酶的自杀抑制剂(DFMO)引起对前列腺生长的抑制。另外,在组织培养中,DFMO抑制DNA合成且减缓人类前列腺腺瘤细胞的增殖。这种化合物可应用于前列腺腺瘤的治疗中。
作为手术技术的替代疗法模式,BPH的医学处理的额外尝试包含使用强效LHRH(促黄体激素释出激素)激动剂,其通过抑制促性腺激素的垂体释放来阻断睾丸睾酮生产。LHRH激动剂在人体中的主要作用是降低血清睾酮水平。已显示亮丙立德(Leuprolide)和醋酸那法瑞林(nafarelin acetate)在三周内将男性的雄激素和雌激素的循环水平降低至去势水平。连续和治疗剂量的这些化合物使垂体脱敏且阻断性类固醇激素的释放。利用强效LHRH激动剂实现的睾酮抑止程度已显示有效治疗梗阻良性前列腺肥大。这种形式疗法的缺点包含需要无限地维持药物治疗,因为在增生组织的后续再生的情况下雄激素抑止是可逆的。此外,副作用包含阳萎、性欲减退、潮热,且可包含梗阻症状的初始增加。
通过非手术手段预防或治疗BPH的其它努力包含使用神经药剂,例如α-1-肾上腺能阻断剂。哌唑嗪(Prazosin)、高特灵(Hytrin)、酚妥拉明(phentolamine)和酮色林(ketanserin)为旨在放松泌尿括约肌机制的抗肾上腺素药物。用α-肾上腺素阻断剂对BPH进行药理学治疗提供了用于帮助大量患有前列腺增大的患者的手段,在所述患者中不认为必需或必须推迟手术干预。各种α-肾上腺素阻断剂已用于治疗BPH且包含化合物苯氧苄胺(潜在突变原)、哌唑嗪(米利普瑞(Minipres))、酚妥拉明(瑞其丁(Regitine))、麦角溴烟酯(nicergoline)(瑟米恩(Sermion))、特拉唑嗪(高特灵)和莫西塞利(thymoxamine)。大约30%的用苯氧苄胺治疗BPH的患者存在副作用,且包含低血压、眩晕、昏厥、心动过速、无力和逆行或没有射精。在所治疗的约10%的所有病例中,副作用不可耐受且必须放弃治疗。哌唑嗪和高特灵似乎产生更少的副作用。大脑低血压或局部缺血的可能性似乎是这些药剂的禁忌症。快速作用的静脉内阻断剂(例如酚妥拉明)尤其在高龄组中必须谨慎地使用。然而,认为麦角溴烟酯对大脑循环具有有益效果。
药理学证据显示,在降低血清胆固醇后,可减小动物的前列腺大小。已显示多烯大环内酯是有效和强效的胆固醇过少的药剂。多烯大环内酯作为一个群组对固醇和含有细胞膜的固醇具有特定的物理-化学亲和力。基于动物的毒性研究,已显示多烯大环内酯降低血清睾酮水平,抑制睾丸功能,且诱导前列腺组织结构的改变。已显示多烯巨环内酯抗真菌剂杀假丝菌素和两性霉素B引起前列腺体积的减小,但是人类临床试验未显示因BPH所致的梗阻症状而需要手术干预的患者的数量的减少。美国专利第6,296,847号,其公开内容以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
在过去40年,已进行许多尝试以医学上处理这种疾病。这些尝试的结果解释是复杂的,因为事实上具有可归因于BPH的症状的患者通常在单独诊断仪器之后经历暂时性改善或缓解排尿期症状。通常根据国际前列腺症状评分(International Prostate SymptomScore;IPSS)从基线的平均改善方面来测量用药物治疗BPH的功效。大多数报道的研究显示,来自使用药物(单独或以组合方式)的IPSS的平均改善在12个月或更长时间内在约2到最多6分的范围内。Roehrborn等人,“基线变量对…变化的影响(Influence of baselinevariables on changes in...)”,GJUI Int,第113卷,第623-635页(2014);Hutchison等人,“药物对治疗LUTS/BPH的功效,一项在6个欧洲国家的研究(The Efficacy of Drugsfor the Treatment of LUTS/BPH,A Study in 6 European Countries)”,《欧洲泌尿外科(European Urology)》,第51卷,第207-216页(2007)。通常认为,来自FDA批准的常规口服BPH药物的IPSS的平均改善的平均值在约3到约5的范围内。
已知一些基于肽的试剂具有破坏且因此促进去除或抑制有害或非所需细胞和组织(例如良性增生的前列腺细胞和组织)的进一步生长的能力。这些试剂揭示于美国专利第6,924,266号、第7,241,738号、第7,317,077号、第7,408,021号、第7,745,572号、第8,067,378号、第8,293,703号、第8,569,446号和第8,716,247号以及美国专利申请公开第2017/0360885号、第2017/0020957号、第2016/0361380号和第2016/0215031号中,所述申请中的每一个的公开内容以全文引用的方式并入本文中。一种此类试剂称为三氟非昔布肽(Fexapotide Triflutate)。
存在可改善BPH的症状而无常规药物疗法或手术干预的风险和副作用的治疗需求。
在本说明书通篇,包含上文对相关技术的描述,本文所描述的任何和所有可公开获得的文件,包含任何和所有美国专利公开的专利申请,均明确地以全文引用的方式并入本文中。相关技术的上述描述不旨在以任何方式承认本文中所描述的任何文件,包含未决的美国专利申请,是本公开的现有技术。此外,本文对与所描述的产品、方法和/或设备相关的任何缺点的描述并非旨在限制实施例。实际上,实施例的各方面可以包含所描述的产品、方法和/或设备的某些特征而不会遭受其描述的缺点。
发明内容
仍然需要针对BPH的新型、较低毒性和不太频繁(例如,避免每日或每周需要服用药物)的治疗,以及改善患有BPH的患者的生活质量。
本公开部分的以抗生素在单独或与某些肽组合投予时能够治疗BPH的发现为前提,所述肽包含通过氨基酸序列Ile-Asp-Gln-Gln-Val-Leu-Ser-Arg-Ile-Lys-Leu-Glu-Ile-Lys-Arg-Cys-Leu(SEQ ID NO:1)(三氟非昔布肽或“FT”),如在第一年内约4.0到约8.0分的IPSS的平均改善所证明。
本公开还部分的以抗生素单独或与FT组合有效的改善患有BPH的男性的泌尿峰值流速(Qmax)的发现为前提。Qmax的平均改善可在约1.0到约4.0的范围内。
所述抗生素和任选地FT可一起或分开投予且可口服、肌内、口服、静脉内、腹膜内、颅内(实质内)、脑室内、瘤内、病灶内、皮内、鞘内、鼻内、眼内、动脉内、局部、经皮、通过气溶胶、输注、快速注射、植入装置、持续释放系统等投予。
前述一般描述和以下详细描述都是示例性和解释性的,且旨在提供对要求保护的实施例的进一步解释。所属领域的技术人员从以下对实施例的详细描述显而易知其它目标、优点和特征。
附图说明
具体实施方式
在描述实施例之前,应了解本发明不限于所描述的特定方法、方案、细胞系、载体和试剂,因为这些可以改变。还应了解,本文中所使用的术语仅出于描述特定实施例的目的,且不希望限制将仅通过所附权利要求书限制的本实施例的范围。
除非另外说明,否则本文使用的术语和短语定义如下。在本说明书通篇,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式“一(a/an)”和“所述”包含复数种指示物。因此,例如,提及“一种宿主细胞”包含多种此类宿主细胞,且提及“一种抗体”是提及一种或多种抗体和其所属领域的技术人员已知的等同物,等等。
如本文所用的术语抗生素表示抗生素、抗菌剂和杀菌剂。抗生素的实例包含红霉素乙基丁二酸盐(erythromycin ethyl succinate)、红霉素乙基碳酸盐(erythromycinethylcarbonate)、红霉素葡糖庚酸盐(erythromycin glucoheptanoate)、红霉素硬脂酸盐(erythromycin stearate)、红霉素硫酸月桂盐丙酸盐(erythromycin lauryl sulfatepropionate)、红霉素乳糖醛酸盐(erythromycin lactobionate)、三乙酰基竹桃霉素(triacetyl oleandomycin)、竹桃霉素磷酸盐(oleandomycin phosphate)、阿米卡星硫酸盐(amikacin sulfate)、卡那霉素B硫酸盐(bekanamycin sulfate)、氨基去氧卡那霉素(aminodeoxykanamycin)、卡那霉素单硫酸盐(kanamycin monosulfate)、托普霉素(tobramycin)、乙酰基吉他霉素(acetyl kitasamycin)、吉他霉素(kitasamycin)、吉他霉素丁二酸盐(kitasamycin succinate)、吉他霉素酒石酸盐(kitasamycin tartarate)、氯胺苯醇(chloramphenicol)氯胺苯醇藻胶丁二酸盐(chloramphenicol algininesuccinate)、氯胺苯醇丁二酸钠(chloramphenicol sodium succinate)、氯胺苯醇硬脂酸盐(chloramphenicol stearate)、氯胺苯醇吗啉代乙酸盐(chloramphenicolmorpholinoacetate)、氯胺苯醇棕榈酸盐(chloramphenicol palmitate)、氯胺苯醇硬脂酰乙醇酸盐(chloramphenicol stearoylglycolate)、氯胺苯醇硫酸盐吗啉代乙酸盐(chloramphenicol sulfate morpholinoacetate)、黏菌素盐酸盐(colistinhydrochloride)、黏菌素(colistin)、黏菌素甲烷磺酸钠(colistin sodium methanesulfonate)、黏菌素硫酸盐(colistin sulfate)、交沙霉素(josamycin)、交沙霉素丙酸盐(josamycin propionate)、二氢链霉素盐酸盐(dihydrostreptomycin hydrochloride)、二氢链霉素硫酸盐(dihydrostreptomycin sulfate)、化合物链霉素、链霉素盐酸盐(streptomycin hydrochloride)、链霉素氯化钙盐酸盐(streptomycin calcium chloridehydrochloride)、链霉素硫酸盐(streptomycin sulfate)、链霉素异烟腙硫酸盐(streptomycin isoniazone sulfate)、头孢乙腈钠(cephacetrile sodium)、头孢唑啉钠(cephazolin sodium)、头孢匹林(cephapyrin sodium)、头孢氨苄(cephalexin)、头孢甘氯(cephaglycin)、头孢金素钠(cephalothin sodium)、头孢噻啶(cephaloridine)、头孢替唑钠(ceftezol sodium)、头孢拉定(cephradine)、土霉素盐酸盐(oxytetracyclinehydrochloride)、土霉素(oxytetracycline)、土霉素钙(oxytetracycline calcium)、金霉素盐酸盐(chlorotetracycline hydrochloride)、金霉素(chlorotetracycline)、四环素盐酸盐(tetracycline hydrochloride)、罗利环素硝酸盐(rolitetracycline nitrate)、四环素L-亚甲基-离胺酸、四环素偏磷酸盐(tetracycline methaphosphate)、罗利环素(rolitetracycline)、二甲基金霉素盐酸盐(dimethylchlorotetracyclinehydrochloride)、二甲基金霉素(dimethylchlorotetracycline)、多西环素盐酸盐(doxycycline hydrochloride)、二甲胺四环素盐酸盐(minocycline hydrochloride)、美他环素(metacycline hydrochloride)、放射菌素(actinomycin)D、阿沙霉素(azalomycin)F、恩比霉素硫酸盐(enbiomycin sulfate)、恩拉霉素盐酸盐(enramycin hydrochloride)、金色杭霉素(aureothricin)、卷曲霉素硫酸盐(capreomycin sulfate)、嗜癌霉素(carzinophilin)、碳霉素(carbomycin)、短杆菌肽(gramicidin)、短杆菌肽S盐酸盐(gramicidine S hydrochloride)、灰黄霉素(griseofulvin)、色霉素(chromomycin)A3、庆大霉素硫酸盐(gentamicin sulfate)、环丝氨酸(cycloserin)、沙克霉素(sarkomycin)、西卡宁(siccanin)、地贝卡星硫酸盐(dibekacin sulfate)、乙酰基螺旋霉素(acetylspiramycin)、螺旋霉素(spiramycin)、大观霉素盐酸盐(spectinomycinhydrochloride)、道诺比星盐酸盐(daunorubicin hydrochloride)、小红莓盐酸盐(doxorubicin hydrochloride)、八丈霉素(trichomycin)、耐丝他汀(nystatin)、新抑癌蛋白(neocarzinostatin)、新生霉素钙(novobiocin calcium)、新生霉素钠(novobiocinsodium)、紫霉素硫酸盐(viomycin sulfate)、杆菌肽素(bacitracin)、拟青霉素(variotin)、巴龙霉素硫酸盐(paromomycin sulfate)、匹马霉素(pimaricin)、吡咯尼群(pyrrolnitrin)、夫西地酸钠(fusidate sodium)、弗氏霉素棕榈酸盐(fradiomycinpalmitate)、弗氏霉素硫酸盐(fradiomycin sulfate)、博莱霉素盐酸盐(bleomycinhydrochloride)、博莱霉素硫酸盐(bleomycin sulfate)、氨苄青霉素(ampicillin)、氨苄青霉素钠(ampicillin sodium)、亚胺培南(imipenem)、甲硝唑(metronidazole)、酞胺西林盐酸盐(talampicillin hydrochloride)、羧苄青霉素钠(carbenicillin sodium)、羧苄西林茚满钠(carbenicillin indanyl sodium)、羧苄青霉素苯基钠(carbenicillin phenylsodium)苯氧甲基青霉素(phenoxymethylpenicillin)、苯氧甲基青霉素钾(phenoxymethylpenicillin potassium)、苯氧甲基青霉素钙(phenoxymethylpenicillincalcium)、苯氧甲基青霉素苯乍生(phenoxymethylpenicillin benzathine)、青霉素钾(penicillin potassium)、青霉素钠(penicillin sodium)、青霉素普鲁卡因(penicillinprocaine)、苄基青霉素钾(benzylpenicillin potassium)、苄基青霉素钠(benzylpenicillin sodium)、苄基青霉素普鲁卡因(benzylpenicillin procaine)、苄基青霉素苯乍生(benzylpenicillin benzathine)、化合物青霉素钾、化合物苄基青霉素钾、化合物苄基青霉素钠、化合物苄基青霉素苯乍生、克林达霉素盐酸盐(clindamycinhydrochloride)、克林达霉素棕榈酸盐盐酸盐(clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride)、林可霉素盐酸盐(lincomycin hydrochloride)、阿莫西林(amoxicillin)、苯唑西林钠(oxacillin sodium)、氯唑西林钠(cloxacillin sodium)、环青霉素(cyclacillin)、双氯西林钠(dicloxacillin sodium)、磺苄西林钠(sulbenicillin sodium)、匹美西林盐酸盐(pivmecillinam hydrochloride)、非奈西林钾(phenethicillin potassium)、氟氯西林钠(flucloxacillin sodium)、丙匹西林钾(propicillin potassium)、海他西林钾(hetacillin potassium)、甲氧西林钠(methicillin sodium)、喷他霉素(pentamycin)、多粘菌素B硫酸盐(polymyxin B sulfate)、丝裂霉素(mitomycin)C、马立霉素丙酸盐(maridomycin propionate)、蜜柑霉素(mikamycin)、麦迪霉素(midecamycin)、利福平(rifampicin)、核糖霉素硫酸盐(ribostamycin sulfate)、硝吡咯菌素(pyrrolenitrin)、放射菌素(actinomycin)、博莱霉素(bleomycin)、道诺比星(daunorubicin)、小红莓(doxorubicin)和新抑癌蛋白(neocarzinostatin)。其它抗生素包含氟喹诺酮抗生素,例如环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)(Cipro)、吉米沙星(gemifloxacin)(Factive)、左氧氟沙星(levofloxacin)(Levaquin)、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)(Avelox)、诺氟沙星(norfloxacin)(Noroxin)和氧氟沙星(ofloxacin)(Floxin)。作为抗菌剂和杀菌剂,优选的使用染料医学制剂,例如利凡诺(acrinol)或吖啶黄(acriflavine)等;呋喃医学制剂,例如呋喃西林(nitrofurazone)等;阳离子皂医学制剂,例如苯扎氯铵(benzalkonium chloride)或苄索氯铵(benzethonium chloride)等;环己定(cyclohexidine);和聚维酮碘(povidone-iodine)。通常优选的使用两种或更多种抗生素的组合。
本文所描述的氨基酸和氨基酸残基可以根据下表中提供的公认的单字母或三字母代码来指代。
表1
三字母氨基酸 | 单字母符号 | 符号 |
丙氨酸 | A | Ala |
精氨酸 | R | Arg |
天冬酰胺 | N | Asn |
天冬氨酸 | D | Asp |
半胱氨酸 | C | Cys |
谷氨酰胺 | Q | Gln |
谷氨酸 | E | Glu |
甘氨酸 | G | Gly |
组氨酸 | H | His |
异亮氨酸 | I | Ile |
亮氨酸 | L | Leu |
赖氨酸 | K | Lys |
甲硫氨酸 | M | Met |
苯丙氨酸 | F | Phe |
脯氨酸 | P | Pro |
丝氨酸 | S | Ser |
苏氨酸 | T | Thr |
色氨酸 | W | Trp |
酪氨酸 | Y | Tyr |
缬氨酸 | V | Val |
如本文中所使用,三氟非昔布肽(“FT”)表示具有以下氨基酸序列的17-聚体肽:Ile-Asp-Gln-Gln-Val-Leu-Ser-Arg-Ile-Lys-Leu-Glu-Ile-Lys-Arg-Cys-Leu(SEQ IDNO.1)。FT公开于美国专利第6,924,266号、第7,241,738号、第7,317,077号、第7,408,021号、第7,745,572号、第8,067,378号、第8,293,703号、第8,569,446号和第8,716,247号以及美国专利申请公开第2017/0360885号、第2017/0020957号、第2016/0361380号和第2016/0215031中。这些专利和所公开申请的公开内容以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
FT由以下表示:
SEQ ID NO.1:IDQQVLSRIKLEIKRCL或Ile-Asp-Gln-Gln-Val-Leu-Ser-Arg-Ile-Lys-Leu-Glu-Ile-Lys-Arg-Cys-Leu。
术语“片段”是指蛋白质或由蛋白质或肽的氨基酸序列的连续子序列组成的多肽,且包含天然存在的片段,例如剪接变体和由天然存在的体内蛋白酶活性产生的片段。此类片段可以在氨基端、羧基端和/或内部(例如通过天然剪接)截短。可在有或没有氨基端甲硫氨酸的情况下制备此类片段。术语“片段”包含来自相同蛋白质或肽的相同或不同的片段,具有共同或非共同的连续氨基酸序列,直接或通过连接子连接在一起。所属领域的普通技术人员将能够使用本文概述的指南和程序来选择用于实施例的适合片段而无需过度实验。
术语“变体”是指其中与蛋白质或肽的氨基酸序列相比存在一个或多个氨基酸取代、缺失和/或插入的蛋白质或多肽,且包含蛋白质或肽的天然存在的等位基因变体或替代剪接变体。术语“变体”包含用相似或同源的氨基酸或不相似的氨基酸替换肽序列中的一个或多个氨基酸。有许多标度可以将氨基酸分为相似或同源的。(Gunnar von Heijne,《分子生物学中的序列分析(Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology)》,第123-39页,学术出版社(Academic Press),纽约州纽约市(New York,N.Y.),1987。)优选的变体包含在一个或多个氨基酸位置处的丙氨酸取代。其它优选的取代包含对蛋白质的总净电荷、极性或疏水性具有很小影响或没有影响的保守性取代。保守性取代列于下表2中。
表2
保守性氨基酸取代
表3列出了另一种氨基酸取代方案:
表3
原始残基 | 取代 |
Ala | gly;ser |
Arg | lys |
Asn | gln;his |
Asp | glu |
Cys | ser |
Gln | asn |
Glu | asp |
Gly | ala;pro |
His | asn;gln |
Ile | eu;val |
Leu | ile;val |
Lys | arg;gln;glu |
Met | leu;tyr;ile |
Phe | met;leu;tyr |
Ser | thr |
Thr | ser |
Trp | tyr |
Tyr | trp;phe |
Val | ile;leu |
其它变体可以由较不保守的氨基酸取代组成,例如选择在维持以下方面的作用上更显著不同的残基:(a)取代区域中多肽主链的结构(例如,折叠或螺旋构象),(b)分子在目标位点的电荷或疏水性,或(c)侧链体积。一般预期对功能具有更显著影响的取代是以下那些取代:其中(a)甘氨酸和/或脯氨酸被另一种氨基酸取代或缺失或插入;(b)亲水性残基,例如丝氨酰基或苏氨酰基,取代疏水性残基(或被疏水性残基取代),例如亮氨酰基、异亮氨酰基、苯丙氨酰基、缬氨酰基或丙氨酰基;(c)半胱氨酸残基取代任何其它残基(或被任何其它残基取代);(d)具有电正性侧链的残基,例如赖氨酰基、精氨酰基或组氨酰基,取代具有电负性电荷的残基(或被具有电负性电荷的残基取代),例如谷氨酰基或天冬氨酰基;或(e)具有庞大侧链的残基,例如苯丙氨酸,取代不具有此类侧链的残基(或被具有此类侧链的残基取代),例如甘氨酸。其它变体包含被设计成产生新颖糖基化和/或磷酸化位点的那些变体,或被设计成删除现存糖基化和/或磷酸化位点的那些变体。变体包含在糖基化位点、蛋白水解裂解位点和/或半胱氨酸残基处的至少一个氨基酸取代。变体还包含在连接肽上的蛋白质或肽氨基酸序列之前或之后具有额外氨基酸残基的蛋白质和肽。举例来说,可以在FT的氨基端和羧基端添加半胱氨酸残基,以便允许通过形成二硫键使肽环化。术语“变体”还涵盖具有FT的氨基酸序列,在肽的3'端或5'端侧翼具有至少一个且至多25个或更多个额外氨基酸的多肽。
术语“衍生物”是指已经通过自然过程(例如加工和其它转译后修饰),但还通过化学修饰技术(例如,通过添加一个或多个聚乙二醇分子、糖、磷酸盐和/或其它此类分子)进行化学修饰的已化学修饰的蛋白质或多肽,其中所述一个或多个分子不天然连接到野生型蛋白质或FT。衍生物包含盐。此类化学修饰在基础教科书和更详细的专著以及大量研究文献中有很好的描述,且其是所属领域的技术人员所熟知的。应了解,可以在给定蛋白质或多肽中的若干位点处存在相同或不同程度的相同类型的修饰。而且,给定蛋白质或多肽可含有许多类型的修饰。修饰可以发生在蛋白质或多肽的任何地方,包含肽主链、氨基酸侧链和氨基端或羧基端。修饰包含例如乙酰化、酰化、ADP核糖基化、酰胺化、黄素的共价连接、血红素部分的共价连接、核苷酸或核苷酸衍生物的共价连接、脂质或脂质衍生物的共价连接、磷脂酰肌醇的共价连接、交联、环化、二硫键形成、脱甲基化、共价交联的形成、半胱氨酸的形成、焦谷氨酸的形成、甲酰化、γ-羧化、糖基化、GPI锚形成、羟基化、碘化、甲基化、豆蔻酰化、氧化、蛋白酶解加工、磷酸化、异戊烯化、外消旋化、糖基化、脂质连接、硫酸化、谷氨酸残基的γ-羧化、羟基化和ADP核糖基化、硒化、硫酸化、转运RNA介导的向蛋白质添加氨基酸(例如精氨酰化)和泛素化。参见例如《蛋白质--结构和分子特性(Proteins--StructureAnd Molecular Properties)》,第2版,T.E.Creighton,W.H.Freeman和Company,纽约(1993)和Wold,F.,“转译后蛋白质修饰:观点和展望(Posttranslational ProteinModifications:Perspectives and Prospects)”,第1-12页,《蛋白质的转译后共价修饰(Posttranslational Covalent Modification Of Proteins)》,B.C.Johnson编,学术出版社(Academic Press),纽约(1983);Seifter等人,《酶学方法(Meth.Enzymol.)》,182:626-646(1990)和Rattan等人,“蛋白质合成:转译后修饰和老化(Protein Synthesis:Posttranslational Modifications and Aging)”,《纽约科学院年鉴(Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci.)》,663:48-62(1992)。术语“衍生物”包含有或没有支化的情况下引起蛋白质或多肽变成支链或环状的化学修饰。环状、支链和支链环状蛋白质或多肽可以由转译后的自然过程产生,且也可以通过完全合成方法制得。
术语“同源物”是指如通过标准方法确定在FT的氨基酸序列中至少60%相同的蛋白质,所述标准方法通常用于比较两种多肽的氨基酸的位置的相似性。两种蛋白质之间的相似度或一致性程度可以通过已知方法容易地计算,包含(但不限于)《计算分子生物学(Computational Molecular Biology)》,Lesk,A.M.编,牛津大学出版社(OxfordUniversity Press),纽约,1988;《生物计算:信息和基因组项目(Biocomputing:Informatics and Genome Projects,Smith)》,D.W.编,学术出版社(Academic Press),纽约,1993;《序列数据的计算机分析(Computer Analysis of Sequence Data)》,第I部份,Griffin,A.M.和Griffin,H.G.编,胡马纳出版社(Humana Press),新泽西州(New Jersey),1994;《分子生物学中的序列分析(Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology)》,vonHeinje,G.,学术出版社(Academic Press),1987;《序列分析引物(Sequence AnalysisPrimer)》,Gribskov,M.和Devereux,J.编,M斯托克顿出版社(M Stockton Press),纽约,1991;及Carillo H.和Lipman,D.,SIAM,《应用数学杂志(J.Applied Math.)》,48:1073(1988)中描述的那些。设计用于测定一致性的优选方法以给出测试序列之间的最大匹配。在公开可用的计算机程序中编码用于测定一致性和相似性的方法。
用于测定两个序列之间的一致性和相似性的优选计算机程序方法包含(但不限于)GCG程序包(Devereux,J.等人,《核酸研究(Nucleic Acids Research)》,12(1):387(1984))、BLASTP、BLASTN和FASTA,Atschul,S.F.等人,《分子生物学杂志(J.Molec.Biol.)》,215:403-410(1990)。BLAST X程序从NCBI和其它来源公开可用(《BLAST手册(BLAST Manual)》,Altschul,S.等人,NCBI NLM NIH,马里兰州贝塞斯达(Bethesda,Md.),20894;Altschul,S.等人,《分子生物学杂志(J.Mol.Biol.)》,215:403-410(1990)。举例来说,使用例如GAP的计算机算法(基因计算机组(Genetic Computer Group),威斯康星大学(University of Wisconsin),威斯康星州麦迪逊(Madison,Wis.)),将待测定其序列一致性百分比的两种蛋白质或多肽进行比对,以使其各自的氨基酸最佳匹配(如通过所述算法确定的“匹配范围(matched span)”)。
空位开放罚分(gap opening penalty)(按平均对角线的3倍计算;“平均对角线(average diagonal)”是所用比较矩阵的对角线的平均值;“对角线(diagonal)”是通过特定比较矩阵分配给每个完全氨基酸匹配的分数或数字)和空位扩展罚分(通常是{分数(1/10)}乘以空位开放罚分),以及例如PAM 250或BLOSUM 62的比较矩阵与所述算法结合使用。标准比较矩阵(参见Dayhoff等人,载于:《蛋白质序列和结构地图集(Atlas of ProteinSequence and Structure)》,第5卷,增刊3中的PAM250比较矩阵;参见Henikoff等人,《美国国家科学院院刊(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA)》,89:10915-10919中的BLOSUM 62比较矩阵)也可以由所述算法使用。随后通过所述算法计算一致性百分比。与比较蛋白质或肽相比,同源物通常将会具有一个或多个氨基酸取代、缺失和/或插入,视情况而定。
术语“融合蛋白”是指其中一种或多种肽与蛋白质(例如(但不限于)抗体或抗体片段,如Fab片段或短链Fv)以重组方式融合或以化学方式结合(包含共价结合和非共价结合)的蛋白质。术语“融合蛋白”还指肽的多聚体(即二聚体、三聚体、四聚体和高级多聚体)。此类多聚体包括含有一种肽的同聚多聚体、含有超过一种肽的异聚多聚体以及含有至少一种肽和至少一种其它蛋白质的异聚多聚体。此类多聚体可以是疏水性、亲水性、离子和/或共价缔合、键结或键联的结果,可以使用连接子分子通过交联形成,或者可以通过例如脂质体形成间接地键联。
术语“肽模拟物”或“模拟物”是指模拟肽或蛋白质的生物活性但在化学性质上不再是肽的生物活性化合物,也就是说,其不再含有任何肽键(即,氨基酸之间酰胺键)。在本文中,术语肽模拟物以更广泛的意义使用以包含在性质上不再完全是肽的分子,例如伪肽、半肽和类肽。下文描述了这种更广泛意义上的肽模拟物的实例(其中肽的一部分由不具有肽键的结构替换)。无论是完全还是部分非肽,根据实施例的肽模拟物提供了反应性化学部分的空间排列,其与肽模拟物所基于的肽中的活性基团的三维排列非常相似。由于这种相似的活性位点几何结构,肽模拟物对生物系统具有类似于肽生物活性的作用。
实施例的肽模拟物优选在三维形状和生物活性方面与本文所描述的肽基本相似。对所属领域中已知的肽进行结构修饰以产生肽模拟物的方法的实例包含逆转导致D-氨基酸残基结构(具体来说可以在N端处)的主链手性中心,促使蛋白质降解的稳定性增强而不有害地影响活性。在论文“含氚D-ala.sup.1-肽T结合(Tritriated D-ala.sup.1-PeptideT Binding)”,Smith C.S.等人,《药物开发研究(Drug Development Res.)》,15,第371-379页(1988)中给出了一个实例。第二种方法是改变环状结构以获得稳定性,例如N到C链间酰亚胺和内酰胺(Ede等人,在Smith和Rivier(编),“肽:化学和生物学(Peptides:Chemistryand Biology)”,莱顿艾思康(Escom,Leiden)(1991),第268-270页中)。此的实例在受构象限制的胸腺五肽样化合物中给出,例如在Goldstein,G.等人的美国专利第4,457,489号(1985)中公开的那些,所述专利的公开内容以全文引用的方式并入本文中。第三种方法是用赋予蛋白水解抗性的伪肽键取代肽中的肽键。
已经描述了许多伪肽键,其一般不影响肽结构和生物活性。这种方法的一个实例是取代逆反向伪肽键(“胸腺五肽的生物活性逆反向类似物(Biologically activeretroinverso analogues of thymopentin)”,Sisto A.等人在Rivier,J.E.和Marshall,G.R.(编),“肽、化学、结构和生物学(Peptides,Chemistry,Structure and Biology)”,Escom,Leiden(1990),第722-773页中和Dalpozzo等人,(1993),《国际肽和蛋白质研究杂志(Int.J.Peptide Protein Res.)》,41:561-566,其以引用的方式并入本文中)。根据这种修饰,肽的氨基酸序列可以与上文所述的肽的序列相同,除了一种或多种肽键被逆反向伪肽键置换以外。优选地,大多数N端肽键被取代,因为此类取代将赋予对由作用于N端的肽链端解酶引起的蛋白水解的抗性。还可以通过用类似结构的其它化学基团置换氨基酸的化学基团来进行进一步修饰。已知会增强酶促裂解稳定性而没有或几乎没有生物活性损失的另一种适合的伪肽键是还原的电子等排体伪肽键(Couder等人(1993),《国际肽和蛋白质研究杂志(Int.J.Peptide Protein Res.)》,41:181-184,其以全文引用的方式并入本文中)。
因此,这些肽的氨基酸序列可与FT的序列相同,除一个或多个肽键由电子等排体伪肽键替换以外。优选地,大多数N端肽键被取代,因为此类取代将赋予对通过作用于N端的肽链端解酶进行蛋白水解的抗性。具有一个或多个还原的电子等排体伪肽键的肽的合成是所属领域中已知的(Couder等人(1993),以上引用)。其它实例包含引入酮基亚甲基或甲基硫醚键来替换肽键。
肽的类肽衍生物代表另一类肽模拟物,其保留生物活性的重要结构决定因素,但消除肽键,从而赋予对蛋白水解的抗性(Simon等人,1992,《美国科学学院学报(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA)》,89:9367-9371,其以全文引用的方式并入本文中)。类肽是N-取代的甘氨酸的寡聚物。已经描述了许多N-烷基,其各自对应于天然氨基酸的侧链(Simon等人(1992),以上引用)。肽的一些或所有氨基酸都可以由对应于所替换的氨基酸的N-取代的甘氨酸替换。
术语“肽模拟物”或“模拟物”还包含如下定义的反-D肽和对映异构体。
术语“反-D肽”是指由与肽的L-氨基酸序列相比以相反顺序排列的D-氨基酸组成的生物活性蛋白质或肽。因此,L-氨基酸肽的羧基端残基变成D-氨基酸肽的氨基端等。举例来说,肽ETESH(SEQ ID NO:2)变成HdSdEdTdEd,其中Ed、Hd、Sd和Td是分别对应于L-氨基酸E、H、S和T的D-氨基酸。
术语“对映异构体”是指其中肽的氨基酸序列中的一个或多个L-氨基酸残基由相对应的D-氨基酸残基替换的生物活性蛋白质或肽。
如本文所用,“组合物”广义地指含有抗生素且任选地FT的任何组合物。组合物可包括无水调配物、水溶液或无菌组合物。任选地包含FT的组合物可用作杂交探针。探针可以冻干形式储存,且可与例如碳水化合物的稳定剂缔合。在杂交时,探针可安放在水溶液中,所述水溶液含有盐(例如,NaCl)、洗涤剂(例如,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS))和其它组分(例如,邓哈特溶液(Denhardt's solution)、乳粉、鲑鱼精子DNA等)。
本公开还部分的以以下发现为前提:单独使用抗生素或与FT组合使用抗生素能够治疗和/或改善BPH的症状,且得到与当前经FDA批准的用于BPH的口服药物相当且比其更好的平均IPSS评分的出人意料的改善。虽然不意图受任何特定理论或操作束缚,但是本发明人出乎意料地发现,单独投予抗生素或与FT组合投予抗生素显著地改善了患有BPH的患者的症状且显著地改善了泌尿峰值流速。
任何抗生素或其组合可用于实施例中。优选的是,组合物包含合适的抗生素以防止或降低可能与尿道感染相关的细菌感染的发生率。所使用的抗生素应当对常见的泌尿病原体的细菌菌株提供足够的保护,包含:大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、粪链球菌(Streptococcus faecalis)、变形杆菌属(Proteus)/假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas spp.)和凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌(coagulase-positive Staphylococcus)。在一实施例中,方法涵盖在相同或不同的调配物中投予一种、两种、三种或更多种抗生素,且通过相同或不同的投予途径进行。用于实施例中的抗生素可选自以下中的一种或多种:红霉素(erythromycin)、吉他霉素(kitasamycin)、链霉素(streptomycin)、头孢金素(cephalothin)、头孢唑啉(cephazolin)、四环素(tetracycline)、短杆菌肽(gramicidin)、灰黄霉素(griseofulvin)、庆大霉素(gentamicin)、新生霉素(novobiocin)、氨苄青霉素(ampicillin)、亚胺培南(imipenem)、甲硝唑(metronidazole)、头孢曲松(ceftriaxone)、头孢氨苄(cephalexin)、环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、吉米沙星(gemifloxacin)、磷霉素(fosfomycin)、左氧氟沙星(levofloxacin)、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)、诺氟沙星(norfloxacin)、呋喃妥因(nitrofurantoin)、氧氟沙星(ofloxacin)、甲氧苄氨嘧啶(trimethoprim)/磺胺甲恶唑(sulfamethoxaxole),和前述任一种的衍生物和盐。抗生素还可选自以下中的一种或多种:氨苄青霉素、庆大霉素、亚胺培南、头孢金素、甲硝唑、环丙沙星、吉米沙星、磷霉素、左氧氟沙星、莫昔沙星、诺氟沙星、呋喃妥因和氧氟沙星。抗生素可在两个或三个不同的疗程中投予,包含氟喹诺酮抗生素疗程、甲硝唑疗程和肌肉内注射选自亚胺培南、庆大霉素和头孢金素的抗生素。
在与投予对照相比时且在与当前可用的FDA批准的用于BPH的口服药物的3-5的IPSS的平均改善相比时,用本文所描述的组合物治疗的患者展现国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)的显著改善(参见例如McConnell,JD等人,“非那雄安对急性尿潴留风险的影响...(The effect of finasteride on the risk of acute urinary retention...)”,NEJM,第338卷,第557-63页(1998);Roehrborn,CG等人,“用度他雄胺和坦索罗辛进行联合治疗对...的效果(effects of combination therapy with dutasteride and tumsulosinon...)”,《欧洲泌尿学(Eur Urol.》,11月;58(5):801(2010))。实施例可以在第一年内引起在约4到约8分、或约5到约7分或约6到约7分的范围内的IPSS的平均改善。在与针对当前可用的FDA批准的用于BPH的药物相比时,投予抗生素在第一年期间使平均IPSS改善高约20%到约300%、或约25%到约200%或约30%到约150%的量。在与针对仅安慰剂的IPSS的平均改善相比时(报道为在90天之后介于约1.5分与3分之间且在1年时介于约1分与1.5分之间),投予抗生素在第一年期间使平均IPSS改善高约50%到约600%、或约75%到约500%或约90%到约350%的量。
实施例可在42个月之后引起在约2到约6分、或约3到约5分或约4到约5分的范围内的IPSS的平均改善。在与针对当前可用的FDA批准的用于BPH的药物的IPSS的平均改善相比时(报道为约2-4分),投予抗生素在42个月之后使平均IPSS改善高约0%到约200%、或约0%到约150%或约0%到约100%的量。这些结果是真正出人意料的,尤其是在抗生素的用途先前从未被描述为在治疗BPH中有用或有效时。事实是使用抗生素是有效的,且在许多情况下比常规口服药物更有效是出人意料的发现。在与针对仅安慰剂的IPSS的平均改善相比时(报道为在42个月之后介于约1分与2分之间),投予抗生素在42个月之后使平均IPSS改善高约50%到约400%、或约75%到约350%或约100%到约300%的量。
用本文所描述的组合物治疗的患者也展现出患有BPH的男性的泌尿峰值流速(Qmax)的改善。实施例可在第一年内引起在约1到约4、或约1.3到约3.0、或约1.5到约2.5或约1.75到约2.0的范围内的Qmax的平均改善。在与针对当前可用的FDA批准的用于BPH的药物的Qmax的改善相比时(报道为在90天之后介于约0.8与2.2之间且在1年时介于约1.5与2.2之间),投予抗生素在第一年期间得到任何的从约15%的轻微减少到约150%的改善、或约130%的改善、或约50%的改善。在与针对仅安慰剂的Qmax的平均改善相比时(报道为介于约0.5与0.8之间),投予抗生素在第一年期间使Qmax改善高约75%到约350%、或约100%到约325%或约125%到约300%的量。
实施例包含治疗患有BPH的哺乳动物的方法,包括单独或与投予FT组合向哺乳动物投予至少一种抗生素一次或超过一次。方法包含(但不限于)口服、肌内、静脉内、腹膜内、颅内(实质内)、脑室内、病灶内、眼内、动脉内、鞘内、瘤内、鼻内、局部、经皮、皮下或皮内,单独或与载剂结合投予包括抗生素的组合物。在一个实施例中,哺乳动物可接受例如氟喹诺酮抗生素的广谱抗生素疗程(通常为7天)、例如甲硝唑的抗生素疗程(通常为7天),以及肌肉内注射例如亚胺培南、庆大霉素或头孢金素的第三广谱抗生素。
在一些实施例中,投予氟喹诺酮(例如环丙沙星或左氧氟沙星)(及类似者)可包含口服投予约300到约600mg、或约400到约550mg、或500mg,每天两次,持续约5到约10天或更多天。投予甲硝唑或塞克硝唑(Secnidazole)或替硝唑(Tinidazole)可包含口服投予约300到约600mg、或约400到约550mg、或500毫克,每天三次,持续约5到约10天或更多天。投予庆大霉素及类似者可包含通过肌肉内注射投予约50到约200mg、或约75到约150mg、或100mg,每天一次,持续两天或更多天。投予西司他丁(Primaxin)(亚胺培南)或怡万之(Invanz)(厄他培南)及类似者可包含通过肌肉内注射投予约0.1到约5g、或约0.5到约1.5g、或1g,每天一次,持续一天或更多天。所属领域的技术人员将能够确定抗生素的合适量(视抗生素类型而定),且使用本文中所提供的指南。
共投予FT与抗生素可引起约1.0到约5.0分、或约1.2到约3.5分或约1.5到约3.0分的IPSS的额外平均改善。因此,如果来自投予抗生素的IPSS的平均改善为约6.2,那么来自投予抗生素和FT的组合的IPSS的平均改善将为约7.2至约11.2分。来自投予抗生素和FT的组合的IPSS的平均改善可为约5.0到约13.0分、或约6.0到约11.0分、或约7.5到约9.0分或约8.0到约9.0分。
任何哺乳动物均可以受益于本发明的使用,包含人类、小鼠、兔、狗、绵羊和其它家畜,兽医、动物园管理员或野生动物保护员工治疗或可治疗的任何哺乳动物。优选的哺乳动物是人类、绵羊和狗。在本说明书通篇,哺乳动物和患者可互换使用。
对于所属领域的技术人员将显而易见的是,可以选择FT的其它较小片段以使得这些肽具有相同或相似的生物活性。所属领域的技术人员可以选择其它片段以使得这些肽将具有相同或相似的生物活性。实施例的肽涵盖这些其它片段。一般来说,实施例的肽具有至少4个氨基酸,优选至少5个氨基酸,且更优选至少6个氨基酸。
本实施例所涵盖的FT和其片段、变体、衍生物、同源物、融合蛋白和模拟物可使用所属领域的技术人员已知的方法制备,例如重组DNA技术、蛋白质合成和分离天然存在的肽、蛋白质、其变体、衍生物和同源物。FT和其片段、变体、衍生物、同源物、融合蛋白和模拟物可使用所属领域的技术人员已知的方法由其它肽、蛋白质和其片段、变体、衍生物和同源物来制备。此类方法包含(但不限于)使用蛋白酶以将肽或蛋白质裂解成FT。公开于例如美国专利第6,924,266号、第7,241,738号、第7,317,077号、第7,408,021号、第7,745,572号、第8,067,378号、第8,293,703号、第8,569,446和第8,716,247以及美国专利申请公开第2017/0360885号、第2017/0020957号、第2016/0361380和第2016/0215031号中的任何方法可用于制备本文所描述的FT肽。
额外实施例包含投予包括一或多种抗生素,任选地FT,且任选地和额外活性剂的组合物。如果使用,那么额外活性剂可以是一种或多种选自以下的活性剂:(i)抗癌活性剂(例如烷化剂、拓扑异构酶I抑制剂、拓扑异构酶II抑制剂、RNA/DNA抗代谢物和抗有丝分裂剂);(ii)用于治疗良性生长的活性剂,例如抗痤疮和抗疣活性剂(水杨酸);(iii)抗雄激素化合物(乙酸环丙孕酮(1α,2β-亚甲基-6-氯-17α-乙酰氧基-6-脱氢孕酮))他莫昔芬、芳香酶抑制剂;(iv)α1-肾上腺素能受体阻断剂(坦索罗辛、特拉唑嗪、多沙唑嗪、哌唑嗪、布那唑嗪(bunazosin)、吲哚拉明(indoramin)、阿呋唑嗪、西洛多辛);(v)5α-还原酶抑制剂(非那雄胺、度他雄胺);(vi)5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE5)抑制剂(他达拉非)和其组合。优选地,额外活性剂选自由以下组成的组:坦索罗辛(tamsulosin)、非那雄安(finasteride)、特拉唑嗪(terazosin)、多沙唑嗪(doxazosin)、哌唑嗪(prazosin)、他达拉非(tadalafil)、阿呋唑嗪(alfuzosin)、西洛多辛(silodosin)、度他雄胺(dutasteride)、度他雄胺和坦索罗辛的组合,以及其混合物和组合。
本文所描述的治疗性组合物可包括治疗有效量的一种或多种抗生素与药学上可接受的载剂的掺合物。在一些替代实施例中,FT和/或额外活性剂可以与抗生素相同的组合物投予,且在其它实施方案中,包括一种或多种抗生素的组合物口服投予(凝胶、胶囊、片剂、液体等),且包括一种或多种抗生素的单独组合物作为注射投予。任选地,FT以包括纯化FT肽以及一种或多种生理学上可接受的载剂、赋形剂或稀释剂的组合物形式投予。中性缓冲盐水或与血清白蛋白混合的盐水是示例性的适当载剂。优选地,使用适当赋形剂(例如,蔗糖)将产物调配成冻干物。根据需要可以包含其它标准载剂、稀释剂和赋形剂。任选地,额外活性剂可口服投予(凝胶、胶囊、片剂、液体等)。实施例的组合物还可包括所属领域的普通技术人员已知的具有适当pH值范围的缓冲液,包含约pH 7.0-8.5的Tris缓冲液,或约pH4.0-5.5的乙酸盐缓冲液,其还可以包含山梨糖醇或其合适的替代品。
用于口服投予的固体剂型包含(但不限于)胶囊、片剂、丸剂、粉剂和粒剂。在此类固体剂型中,抗生素且任选地FT和/或额外活性剂可与以下中的至少一种掺合:(a)一种或多种惰性赋形剂(或载剂),例如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙;(b)填充剂或增量剂,例如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸;(c)粘合剂,例如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;(d)保湿剂,例如甘油;(e)崩解剂,例如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、褐藻酸、某些复合硅酸盐和碳酸钠;(f)溶液缓凝剂,例如石蜡;(g)吸收促进剂,例如季铵化合物;(h)润湿剂,例如乙酰醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(i)吸附剂,例如高岭土和膨润土;和(j)润滑剂,例如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠,或其混合物。对于胶囊、片剂和丸剂,剂型还可包括缓冲剂。
用于口服投予的液体剂型包含药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆和酏剂。除活性化合物外,液体剂型可包括所属领域中常用的惰性稀释剂,例如水或其它溶剂、增溶剂和乳化剂。示例性乳化剂是乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺、油(例如棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油)、甘油、四氢糠醇、聚乙二醇、脱水山梨糖醇的脂肪酸酯,或这些物质的混合物等。
除此类惰性稀释剂外,组合物还可包含佐剂,例如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、调味剂和芳香剂。
可以改变实施例的组合物中活性成分的实际剂量水平以获得一定量的有效获得针对特定组合物和投予方法的所需治疗应答的抗生素、任选的FT和任选的额外活性剂。因此,所选剂量水平取决于所需治疗效果、投予途径、所需治疗持续时间和其它因素。
在包含人的哺乳动物的情况下,可以基于体表面积投予有效量。对于不同大小、物种的动物和人的剂量相互关系(以mg/M2体表面积计)由E.J.Freireich等人,《癌症化学疗法报道(Cancer Chemother.)》,50(4):219(1966)描述。体表面积可以根据个体的身高和体重大致确定(参见例如《科学表(Scientific Tables)》,盖吉制药(GeigyPharmaceuticals),纽约州阿兹利(Ardsley,N.Y.),第537-538页(1970))。
向宿主投予的抗生素、任选的FT肽和任选的和额外活性剂的总日剂量可以是单次剂量或分次剂量。剂量单位组合物可含有可用于构成日剂量的此类约数的此类量。然而,应了解,任何特定患者的具体剂量水平将取决于多种因素,包含体重、总体健康状况、性别、饮食、投予时间和途径、投予药物的效力、吸收和排泄率,与其它药物的组合以及所治疗的特定疾病的严重程度。
在某些实施例中,至少一种任选的活性剂可选自由以下组成的组:(1)5α-还原酶的抑制剂和/或抗雌激素,(2)5α-还原酶的抑制剂和/或芳香酶抑制剂,(3)5α-还原酶抑制剂和/或17β-HSD抑制剂(4)5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雌激素和芳香酶抑制剂,(5)5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雌激素和17β-HSD抑制剂,(6)5α-还原酶抑制剂、芳香酶抑制剂、抗雌激素和17β-HSD抑制剂,(7)5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雄激素和抗雌激素,(8)5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雄激素和芳香酶抑制剂,(9)5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雄激素和17β-HSD抑制剂,(10)5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雄激素、抗雌激素和芳香酶抑制剂,(11)5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雄激素、芳香酶抑制剂和17β-HSD抑制剂,(12)5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雄激素、芳香酶抑制剂、抗雌激素和17β-HSD抑制剂,(13)17β-HSD抑制剂和抗雌激素,(14)17β-HSD抑制剂和芳香酶抑制剂,(15)17β-HSD抑制剂、芳香酶抑制剂和抗雌激素,(16)17β-HSD抑制剂、抗雄激素和抗雌激素,(17)17β-HSD抑制剂、抗雄激素和芳香酶抑制剂,(18)17β-HSD抑制剂、抗雄激素、抗雌激素和芳香酶抑制剂,(19)抗雌激素和芳香酶抑制剂,以及(20)抗雌激素、芳香酶抑制剂和抗雄激素,(21)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、5α-还原酶的抑制剂和抗雌激素,(22)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、5α-还原酶的抑制剂和芳香酶抑制剂,(23)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、5α还原酶抑制剂和17β-HSD抑制剂,(24)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雌激素和芳香酶抑制剂,(25)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雌激素和17β-HSD抑制剂,(26)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、5α-还原酶抑制剂、芳香酶抑制剂、抗雌激素和17β-HSD抑制剂,(27)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雄激素和抗雌激素,(28)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雄激素和芳香酶抑制剂,(29)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雄激素和17β-HSD抑制剂,(30)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雄激素、抗雌激素和芳香酶抑制剂,(31)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雄激素、芳香酶抑制剂和17β-HSD抑制剂,(32)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、5α-还原酶抑制剂、抗雄激素、芳香酶抑制剂、抗雌激素和17β-HSD抑制剂,(33)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、17β-HSD抑制剂和抗雌激素,(34)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、17β-HSD抑制剂和芳香酶抑制剂,(35)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、17β-HSD抑制剂、芳香酶抑制剂和抗雌激素,(36)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、17β-HSD抑制剂、抗雄激素和抗雌激素,(37)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、17β-HSD抑制剂、抗雄激素和芳香酶抑制剂,(38)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、17β-HSD抑制剂、抗雄激素、抗雌激素和芳香酶抑制剂,(39)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、抗雌激素和芳香酶抑制剂,以及(40)LHRH激动剂或拮抗剂、抗雌激素、芳香酶抑制剂和抗雄激素。
提供以下实例以说明本实施例。然而,应了解,实施例不限于这些实例中所描述的特定情况或细节。在说明书通篇,对包含美国专利的公开可获得文献的任何和所有引用都具体地以引用的方式并入。具体来说,实施例通过引用含于美国专利第6,924,266号、第7,241,738号、第7,317,077号、第7,408,021号、第7,745,572号、第8,067,378号、第8,293,703号、第8,569,446号和第8,716,247号以及美国专利申请公开第2017/0360885号、第2017/0020957号、第2016/0361380号和第2016/0215031号中的实例而明确地并入。
实例一
在977名男性的研究中,在双盲条件下由泌尿学家在办公室环境中在超声波引导下使患有BPH的患者前列腺内注射a)含NX-1207的磷酸盐缓冲盐水pH 7.2(“PBS”),或b)仅PBS。在药物或安慰剂治疗之前,每名患者开始一种广谱抗生素疗程,其由7天氟喹诺酮抗生素、7天甲硝唑和肌肉内注射例如亚胺培南或庆大霉素或头孢金素的第三广谱抗生素组成。每名患者随访一年或更长时间,进行常规身体检查、实验室测试和症状评估。症状评估通过国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)测量,其为用于衡量前列腺症状改善或恶化的定量量表。IPSS定量以下:1)排尿后膀胱排空不完全;2)尿频;3)排尿期间时断时续;4)尿急;5)尿流弱;6)在排尿期间需要使力或用力;7)夜晚入睡后需要排尿(夜尿症)。在给予NX-1207的患者与仅接受PBS的患者中比较与基线IPSS的差值。出人意料地,发现在90天之后,仅接受抗生素加安慰剂的患者在其BPH症状评分方面得到改善,其BPH症状评分优于通常口服常规BPH药物所发现的情况。结果汇总于表4中。
表4
治疗 | 患者数目 | 治疗后的持续时间 | 平均改善(分) |
安慰剂加抗生素 | 391 | 90天 | 6.7[7.02] |
常规口服BPH药物治疗 | 90天 | 3-5* |
*基于已发布的报道。[x]表示标准偏差
如表4中所示,当与常规口服BPH药物治疗相比时,在治疗后90天测量时,用一种或多种抗生素治疗的患者得到范围介于约34%到约123%的IPSS的平均改善。因此,投予一种或多种抗生素在患有BPH的患者中得到比FDA批准的用于治疗BPH的口服药物更大的IPSS的平均改善。这种改善是出乎意料的,因为事实是先前并不知抗生素对治疗BPH具有任何效果或任何显著效果。
实例二
在977名男性的研究中,在双盲条件下由泌尿学家在办公室环境中在超声波引导下使患有BPH的患者前列腺内注射a)含NX-1207的磷酸盐缓冲盐水pH 7.2(“PBS”),或b)仅PBS。在药物或安慰剂治疗之前,每名患者开始一种广谱抗生素疗程,其由7天氟喹诺酮抗生素、7天甲硝唑和肌肉内注射例如亚胺培南或庆大霉素或头孢金素的第三广谱抗生素组成。每名患者随访一年或更长时间,进行常规身体检查、实验室测试和症状评估。症状评估通过国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)测量,其为用于衡量前列腺症状改善或恶化的定量量表。IPSS定量以下:1)排尿后膀胱排空不完全;2)尿频;3)排尿期间时断时续;4)尿急;5)尿流弱;6)在排尿期间需要使力或用力;7)夜晚入睡后需要排尿(夜尿症)。在给予NX-1207的患者与仅接受PBS的患者中比较与基线IPSS的差值。出人意料地,发现在12个月之后,仅接受抗生素加安慰剂的患者在其BPH症状评分方面得到改善,其BPH症状评分优于通常口服常规BPH药物所发现的情况。结果汇总于表5中。
表5
治疗 | 患者数目 | 治疗后的持续时间 | 平均改善(分) |
安慰剂加抗生素 | 391 | 1年 | 6.2[7.09] |
常规口服BPH药物治疗 | 1年 | 2-4* |
*基于已发布的报道。[x]表示标准偏差
表5的结果显示,当与常规口服BPH药物治疗相比时,在治疗后1年测量时,用一种或多种抗生素治疗的患者得到范围介于约55%到约210%的IPSS的平均改善。因此,投予一种或多种抗生素在患有BPH的患者中得到比FDA批准的用于治疗BPH的口服药物更大的IPSS的平均改善。这种改善是出乎意料的。
实例三
在977名男性的研究中,在双盲条件下由泌尿学家在办公室环境中在超声波引导下使患有BPH的患者前列腺内注射a)含NX-1207的磷酸盐缓冲盐水pH 7.2(“PBS”),或b)仅PBS。在药物或安慰剂治疗之前,每名患者开始一种广谱抗生素疗程,其由7天氟喹诺酮抗生素、7天甲硝唑和肌肉内注射例如亚胺培南或庆大霉素或头孢金素的第三广谱抗生素组成。每名患者随访一年或更长时间,进行常规身体检查、实验室测试和症状评估。泌尿峰值流速(Qmax)为在输出以电子方式记录的以毫升/秒为单位的最大泌尿流速的流量计中进行的测量。在给予NX-1207的患者与仅接受PBS的患者中比较Qmax。出人意料地,发现在3个月后,仅接受抗生素加安慰剂的患者在其最大泌尿流速方面得到改善,其最大泌尿流速与通常口服常规BPH药物所发现的情况相当或更好。结果汇总于表6中。
表6
治疗 | 患者数目 | 治疗后的持续时间 | 平均改善 |
安慰剂+抗生素 | 391 | 3个月 | +1.9[4.65] |
常规口服BPH药物治疗 | 3个月 | +0.8-2.2* |
*基于文献中的所报道值,未对治疗失败的下降值进行校正。[x]表示标准偏差。
表6的结果显示,用一种或多种抗生素治疗的患者得到与通常常规药物中所发现的情况相当或比其更好的Qmax的平均改善。在3个月之后,在与常规BPH口服药物治疗相比时,投予一种或多种抗生素得到范围介于约-13%到约137%的Qmax的平均改善。
实例四
在977名男性的研究中,在双盲条件下由泌尿学家在办公室环境中在超声波引导下使患有BPH的患者前列腺内注射a)含NX-1207的磷酸盐缓冲盐水pH 7.2(“PBS”),或b)仅PBS。在药物或安慰剂治疗之前,每名患者开始一种广谱抗生素疗程,其由7天氟喹诺酮抗生素、7天甲硝唑和肌肉内注射例如亚胺培南或庆大霉素或头孢金素的第三广谱抗生素组成。每名患者随访一年或更长时间,进行常规身体检查、实验室测试和症状评估。泌尿峰值流速(Qmax)为在输出以电子方式记录的最大泌尿流速的流量计中进行的测量。在给予NX-1207的患者与仅接受PBS的患者中比较Qmax。出人意料地,发现在12个月之后,仅接受抗生素加安慰剂的患者在其最大泌尿流速方面得到改善,其最大泌尿流速与通常口服常规BPH药物所发现的情况相当。结果汇总于表7中。
表7
治疗 | 患者数目 | 治疗后的持续时间 | 平均改善 |
安慰剂+抗生素 | 391 | 1年 | +1.9[4.64] |
常规口服BPH药物治疗 | 1年 | +1.5-2.2* |
*基于文献中的所报道值,未对治疗失败的下降值进行校正。[x]表示标准偏差。
表7的结果显示,用一种或多种抗生素治疗的患者得到与通常常规药物中所发现的情况相当或比其更好的Qmax的平均改善。在1年之后,在与常规BPH口服药物治疗相比时,投予一种或多种抗生素得到范围介于约-13%到约27%的Qmax的平均改善。
实例五
在977名男性的研究中,在双盲条件下由泌尿学家在办公室环境中在超声波引导下使患有BPH的患者前列腺内注射a)含NX-1207的磷酸盐缓冲盐水pH 7.2(“PBS”),或b)仅PBS。在药物或安慰剂治疗之前,每名患者开始一种广谱抗生素疗程,其由7天氟喹诺酮抗生素、7天甲硝唑和肌肉内注射例如亚胺培南或庆大霉素或头孢金素的第三广谱抗生素组成。每名患者随访一年或更长时间,进行常规身体检查、实验室测试和症状评估。症状评估通过国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)测量,其为用于衡量前列腺症状改善或恶化的定量量表。IPSS定量以下:1)排尿后膀胱排空不完全;2)尿频;3)排尿期间时断时续;4)尿急;5)尿流弱;6)在排尿期间需要使力或用力;7)夜晚入睡后需要排尿(夜尿症)。在给予NX-1207的患者与仅接受PBS的患者中比较与基线IPSS的差值。出人意料地,发现在90天之后,仅接受抗生素加安慰剂的患者在其BPH症状评分方面得到改善,其BPH症状评分优于通常仅口服安慰剂的BPH试验中所发现的情况。结果汇总于表8中。
表8
治疗 | 患者数目 | 治疗后的持续时间 | 平均改善(分) |
安慰剂加抗生素 | 391 | 90天 | 6.7[7.02] |
仅安慰剂 | 90天 | 1.5-3* |
*基于已发布的报道。[x]表示标准偏差
如表8中所示,在与仅安慰剂相比时,在治疗后90天测量时,用一种或多种抗生素治疗的患者得到范围介于约123%到约350%的IPSS的平均改善。因此,投予一种或多种抗生素在患有BPH的患者中得到比FDA批准的用于治疗BPH的口服药物更大的IPSS的平均改善。这种改善是出乎意料的。
实例六
在977名男性的研究中,在双盲条件下由泌尿学家在办公室环境中在超声波引导下使患有BPH的患者前列腺内注射a)含NX-1207的磷酸盐缓冲盐水pH 7.2(“PBS”),或b)仅PBS。在药物或安慰剂治疗之前,每名患者开始一种广谱抗生素疗程,其由7天氟喹诺酮抗生素、7天甲硝唑和肌肉内注射例如亚胺培南或庆大霉素或头孢金素的第三广谱抗生素组成。每名患者随访一年或更长时间,进行常规身体检查、实验室测试和症状评估。症状评估通过国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)测量,其为用于衡量前列腺症状改善或恶化的定量量表。IPSS定量以下:1)排尿后膀胱排空不完全;2)尿频;3)排尿期间时断时续;4)尿急;5)尿流弱;6)在排尿期间需要使力或用力;7)夜晚入睡后需要排尿(夜尿症)。在给予NX-1207的患者与仅接受PBS的患者中比较与基线IPSS的差值。出人意料地,发现在12个月之后,仅接受抗生素加安慰剂的患者在其BPH症状评分方面得到改善,其BPH症状评分优于通常仅口服安慰剂的BPH试验中所发现的情况。结果汇总于表9中。
表9
治疗 | 患者数目 | 治疗后的持续时间 | 平均改善(分) |
安慰剂加抗生素 | 391 | 1年 | 6.2[7.09] |
仅安慰剂 | 1年 | 1-1.5* |
*基于已发布的报道。[x]表示标准偏差
表9的结果显示,在仅安慰剂与相比时,在治疗后1年测量时,用一种或多种抗生素治疗的患者得到范围介于约313%到约520%的IPSS的平均改善。因此,投予一种或多种抗生素在患有BPH的患者中得到比FDA批准的用于治疗BPH的口服药物更大的IPSS的平均改善。这种改善是出乎意料的。
实施七
在977名男性的研究中,在双盲条件下由泌尿学家在办公室环境中在超声波引导下使患有BPH的患者前列腺内注射a)含NX-1207的磷酸盐缓冲盐水pH 7.2(“PBS”),或b)仅PBS。在药物或安慰剂治疗之前,每名患者开始一种广谱抗生素疗程,其由7天氟喹诺酮抗生素、7天甲硝唑和肌肉内注射例如亚胺培南或庆大霉素或头孢金素的第三广谱抗生素组成。每名患者随访一年或更长时间,进行常规身体检查、实验室测试和症状评估。泌尿峰值流速(Qmax)为在输出以电子方式记录的最大泌尿流速的流量计中进行的测量。在给予NX-1207的患者与仅接受PBS的患者中比较Qmax。出人意料地,发现在3个月之后,仅接受抗生素加安慰剂的患者在其最大泌尿流速方面得到改善,其最大泌尿流速优于通常仅口服安慰剂的BPH试验中所发现的情况。结果汇总于表10中。
表10
治疗 | 患者数目 | 治疗后的持续时间 | 平均改善 |
安慰剂+抗生素 | 391 | 3个月 | +1.9[4.65] |
仅安慰剂 | 3个月 | +0.5-0.8* |
*基于文献中的所报道值,未对治疗失败的下降值进行校正。[x]表示标准偏差。
表10的结果显示,用一种或多种抗生素治疗的患者得到与通常常规药物中所发现的情况相当或比其更好的Qmax的平均改善。在3个月之后,在与仅对照安慰剂相比时,投予一种或多种抗生素得到范围介于约138%到约280%的Qmax的平均改善。
实例八
在977名男性的研究中,在双盲条件下由泌尿学家在办公室环境中在超声波引导下使患有BPH的患者前列腺内注射a)含NX-1207的磷酸盐缓冲盐水pH 7.2(“PBS”),或b)仅PBS。在药物或安慰剂治疗之前,每名患者开始一种广谱抗生素疗程,其由7天氟喹诺酮抗生素、7天甲硝唑和肌肉内注射例如亚胺培南或庆大霉素或头孢金素的第三广谱抗生素组成。每名患者随访一年或更长时间,进行常规身体检查、实验室测试和症状评估。泌尿峰值流速(Qmax)为在输出以电子方式记录的最大泌尿流速的流量计中进行的测量。在给予NX-1207的患者与仅接受PBS的患者中比较Qmax。出人意料地,发现在12个月之后,仅接受抗生素加安慰剂的患者在其最大泌尿流速方面得到改善,其最大泌尿流速优于通常仅口服安慰剂的BPH试验中所发现的情况。结果汇总于表11中。
表11
治疗 | 患者数目 | 治疗后的持续时间 | 平均改善 |
安慰剂+抗生素 | 391 | 1年 | +1.9[4.64] |
仅安慰剂 | 1年 | +0.5-0.8* |
*基于文献中的所报道值,未对治疗失败的下降值进行校正。[x]表示标准偏差。
表11的结果显示,用一种或多种抗生素治疗的患者得到Qmax的平均改善,其优于通常仅口服安慰剂的BPH试验中所发现的情况。在1年之后,在与仅对照安慰剂相比时,投予一种或多种抗生素得到范围介于约138%到约280%的Qmax的平均改善。
实例九
在977名男性的研究中,在双盲条件下由泌尿学家在办公室环境中在超声波引导下使患有BPH的患者前列腺内注射a)含NX-1207的磷酸盐缓冲盐水pH 7.2(“PBS”),或b)仅PBS。在药物或安慰剂治疗之前,每名患者开始一种广谱抗生素疗程,其由7天氟喹诺酮抗生素、7天甲硝唑和肌肉内注射例如亚胺培南或庆大霉素或头孢金素的第三广谱抗生素组成。每名患者随访一年或更长时间,进行常规身体检查、实验室测试和症状评估。症状评估通过国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)测量,其为用于衡量前列腺症状改善或恶化的定量量表。IPSS定量以下:1)排尿后膀胱排空不完全;2)尿频;3)排尿期间时断时续;4)尿急;5)尿流弱;6)在排尿期间需要使力或用力;7)夜晚入睡后需要排尿(夜尿症)。在给予NX-1207的患者与仅接受PBS的患者中比较与基线IPSS的差值。出人意料地,发现在长时间(平均42个月)之后,仅接受抗生素加安慰剂的患者在其BPH症状评分方面得到改善,其BPH症状评分与通常口服常规BPH药物所发现的情况相当或优于所述情况。结果汇总于表12中。
表12
治疗 | 患者数目 | 治疗后的持续时间 | 平均改善(分) |
安慰剂加抗生素 | 391 | 42个月 | 4.0[6.03] |
常规口服BPH药物治疗 | 1年 | 2-4* |
*基于已发布的报道。[x]表示标准偏差
表12的结果显示,在与常规口服BPH药物治疗相比时,在治疗后42个月测量时,用一种或多种抗生素治疗的患者得到范围介于约0%到约100%的IPSS的平均改善。因此,投予一种或多种抗生素在患有BPH的患者中得到与通常口服常规BPH药物所发现相当或优于其的IPSS的平均改善。这个结果是出乎意料的。
实例十
在977名男性的研究中,在双盲条件下由泌尿学家在办公室环境中在超声波引导下使患有BPH的患者前列腺内注射a)含NX-1207的磷酸盐缓冲盐水pH 7.2(“PBS”),或b)仅PBS。在药物或安慰剂治疗之前,每名患者开始一种广谱抗生素疗程,其由7天氟喹诺酮抗生素、7天甲硝唑和肌肉内注射例如亚胺培南或庆大霉素或头孢金素的第三广谱抗生素组成。每名患者随访一年或更长时间,进行常规身体检查、实验室测试和症状评估。症状评估通过国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)测量,其为用于衡量前列腺症状改善或恶化的定量量表。IPSS定量以下:1)排尿后膀胱排空不完全;2)尿频;3)排尿期间时断时续;4)尿急;5)尿流弱;6)在排尿期间需要使力或用力;7)夜晚入睡后需要排尿(夜尿症)。在给予NX-1207的患者与仅接受PBS的患者中比较与基线IPSS的差值。出人意料地,发现在长时间(平均42个月)之后,仅接受抗生素加安慰剂的患者在其BPH症状评分方面得到改善,其BPH症状评分优于通常仅口服安慰剂所发现的情况。结果汇总于表13中。
表13
治疗 | 患者数目 | 治疗后的持续时间 | 平均改善(分) |
安慰剂加抗生素 | 391 | 42个月 | 4.0[6.03] |
仅安慰剂 | 42个月 | 1-2* |
*基于已发布的报道。[x]表示标准偏差
表13的结果显示,在与仅安慰剂相比时,在治疗后42个月测量时,用一种或多种抗生素治疗的患者得到范围介于约100%到约300%的IPSS的平均改善。因此,投予一种或多种抗生素在患有BPH的患者中得到比通常仅口服安慰剂所发现更大的IPSS的平均改善。
上表中提及的已发布的报道包含以下中的一项或多项:McConnell,JD等人,“非那雄安对急性尿潴留风险的影响...(The effect of finasteride on the risk of acuteurinary retention...)”,NEJM,第338卷,第557-63页(1998);Roehrborn,CG等人,“用度他雄胺和坦索罗辛进行联合治疗对...的效果(effects of combination therapy withdutasteride and tumsulosin on...)”,《欧洲泌尿学(Eur Urol.》,11月;58(5):801(2010);Lukacs,B等人,“对与…相关的下尿道症状的处理(Managament of Lower UrinaryTract Symptoms Related to...)”,《欧洲泌尿学(Eur Urol.》,2月;64;第493-501页(2013);和Cindolo,L等人,“进行药物治疗的患者对…的依附性和临床结果(DrugAdherence and Clinical Outcomes for Patients Under Pharmacological Therapyfor...”,《欧洲泌尿学(Eur Urol.》,2月;68;第418-425页(2015)。
来自前述实例的结果说明抗生素的使用在改善患有BPH的患者的IPSS和Qmax中的出乎意料的优良效果。对于所属领域技术人员显而易见的是,在不脱离实施方案精神或范围的情况下,可以对本实施例的方法和组合物进行各种修改和变化。
序列表
<110> 尼莫克斯股份有限公司(NYMOX CORPORATION)
<120> 用抗生素治疗良性前列腺增生的方法
<130> 063307-0458312
<140> 15/938,920
<141> 2018-03-28
<160> 2
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 17
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成肽
<400> 1
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<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成肽
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Glu Thr Glu Ser His
1 5
Claims (18)
1.一种改善患有BPH的哺乳动物的症状的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物投予包括治疗有效量的一种或多种抗生素的组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述方法包括投予治疗有效量的至少两种不同抗生素。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述抗生素选自由以下组成的组:红霉素、吉他霉素、链霉素、头孢金素、头孢唑啉、四环素、短杆菌肽、灰黄霉素、庆大霉素、新生霉素、氨苄青霉素、亚胺培南、甲硝唑、头孢曲松、头孢氨苄、环丙沙星、吉米沙星、磷霉素、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、诺氟沙星、呋喃妥因、氧氟沙星、甲氧苄氨嘧啶/磺胺甲恶唑,和前述任一种的衍生物和盐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述抗生素选自由以下组成的组:氨苄青霉素、庆大霉素、亚胺培南、头孢金素、甲硝唑、环丙沙星、吉米沙星、磷霉素、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、诺氟沙星、呋喃妥因和氧氟沙星。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述抗生素通过投予氟喹诺酮抗生素疗程、甲硝唑疗程和肌肉内注射选自亚胺培南、庆大霉素和头孢金素的抗生素投予。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述氟喹诺酮抗生素选自由以下组成的组:环丙沙星、吉米沙星、磷霉素、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、诺氟沙星和氧氟沙星。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其另外包括通过在一年内将平均IPSS从基线降低5到7分来改善国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其另外包括在与BPH的口服药物的平均IPSS的平均改善相比时,在第一年期间将平均IPSS评分提高约30%到约150%的范围内的量。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其另外包括在与安慰剂对照相比时,在第一年期间将平均IPSS评分提高约75%到约500%的范围内的量。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其另外包括通过在42个月内将平均IPSS从基线降低4到5分来改善国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其另外包括在与BPH的口服药物的平均IPSS的平均改善相比时,在42个月内将平均IPSS评分提高约0%到约200%的范围内的量。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其另外包括在与安慰剂对照相比时,在42个月内将平均IPSS评分提高约75%到约350%的范围内的量。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其另外包括通过在第一年内将最大尿流增加约1.3到约3.0毫升/秒的范围内的量来改善泌尿峰值流速(Qmax)。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其另外包括在与安慰剂对照相比时,在第一年期间将平均Qmax提高约100%到约325%的范围内的量。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其另外包括投予三氟非昔布肽和药学上可接受的载剂。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述三氟非昔布肽通过选自由以下组成的组的途径投予:肌内、口服、静脉内、鞘内、瘤内、鼻内、局部和经皮。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其另外包括投予选自由以下组成的组的药学活性剂:坦索罗辛、非那雄安、特拉唑嗪、多沙唑嗪、哌唑嗪、他达拉非、阿呋唑嗪、西洛多辛、度他雄胺、度他雄胺和坦索罗辛的组合,和其混合物和组合。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其另外包括投予选自由以下组成的组的药学活性剂:坦索罗辛、非那雄安、特拉唑嗪、多沙唑嗪、哌唑嗪、他达拉非、阿呋唑嗪、西洛多辛、度他雄胺、度他雄胺和坦索洛新的组合,和其混合物和组合。
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PCT/US2019/024319 WO2019191253A1 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2019-03-27 | Method of treating benign prostatic hyperlasia with antibiotics |
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AU2019243713A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
US20190298731A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
MX2020008703A (es) | 2020-10-28 |
JP2021517889A (ja) | 2021-07-29 |
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