CN112186930A - Drive motor and vehicle - Google Patents

Drive motor and vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112186930A
CN112186930A CN202010933288.3A CN202010933288A CN112186930A CN 112186930 A CN112186930 A CN 112186930A CN 202010933288 A CN202010933288 A CN 202010933288A CN 112186930 A CN112186930 A CN 112186930A
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China
Prior art keywords
switching
switching group
group
winding
stator
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CN202010933288.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112186930B (en
Inventor
辜贇
穆斯塔法
王中兴
吕新廷
吴卫楠
徐少禹
张媛
高富贵
张莹
牛莹
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Beijing Foton Daimler Automobile Co Ltd
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Beijing Foton Daimler Automobile Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010933288.3A priority Critical patent/CN112186930B/en
Publication of CN112186930A publication Critical patent/CN112186930A/en
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Publication of CN112186930B publication Critical patent/CN112186930B/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/22—Auxiliary parts of casings not covered by groups H02K5/06-H02K5/20, e.g. shaped to form connection boxes or terminal boxes
    • H02K5/225—Terminal boxes or connection arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a driving motor, comprising: a housing; a stator disposed within the housing and comprising: the stator winding is arranged on the stator core; the switching device is arranged in the shell and positioned on one axial side of the stator, the switching device is provided with a plurality of switching groups, the number of winding parallel branches of the switching groups is different, and the switching device is electrically connected with the stator winding so as to selectively switch the switching groups electrically connected with the stator winding. Through setting up auto-change over device, auto-change over device can selectively switch over the switching group of being connected with the stator winding electricity to can make the high-efficient work position of driving motor body remove. And the working mode of the appropriate driving motor can be selected according to the requirement of the whole working condition of the vehicle, so that the transmission efficiency of the power system is improved, and meanwhile, a separate controller is not required to be added, so that the cost and the weight can be reduced.

Description

Drive motor and vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a driving motor and a vehicle.
Background
In the prior art, the driving motors of heavy trucks in the market are mainly driven by a single motor and double motors, the single motor mainly adopts a central driving mode, and the double motors adopt an electric drive axle scheme. The single motor is driven in a central mode, the number of parallel branches of a stator winding of the driving motor body is fixed, the high-efficiency area of the driving motor body is fixed, the driving motor body cannot be adjusted along with the working condition of the whole vehicle, and the driving motor body needs to be matched with a gearbox for use, but the efficiency of the motor in the low-speed cruising working condition is lower; the double-motor driving is mainly an electric drive axle scheme, the double motors can select the matching modes of the two motors according to the working condition of the whole vehicle, so that the transmission efficiency of a power system is further improved, the cost and the weight are increased, the control difficulty is increased, and meanwhile, the unsprung mass of the electric drive axle and the trafficability of the whole vehicle have risks.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a driving motor, which can realize the position movement of a high-efficiency working area of a driving motor body, and can also improve the transmission efficiency of a power system, and at the same time, a separate controller is not required to be added, and the cost and the weight can be reduced.
The invention further provides a vehicle.
The drive motor according to the present invention includes: a housing; a stator disposed within the housing and comprising: the stator winding is arranged on the stator core; the switching device is arranged in the shell and positioned on one axial side of the stator, the switching device is provided with a plurality of switching groups, the number of winding parallel branches of the switching groups is different, and the switching device is electrically connected with the stator winding so as to selectively switch the switching groups electrically connected with the stator winding.
According to the driving motor, the switching device can selectively switch the switching group electrically connected with the stator winding by arranging the switching device, so that the driving motor body can realize the position movement of the high-efficiency working area of the driving motor body by adjusting the number of the parallel branches of the winding, a plurality of driving motor working modes are formed, and the proper working mode of the driving motor can be selected according to the requirement of the whole working condition of the vehicle, so that the transmission efficiency of a power system is improved, meanwhile, a separate controller is not required to be added, and the cost and the weight can be reduced.
In some examples of the invention, the switching device comprises: the fixing assembly is fixed in the shell and comprises a fixing piece, an input connecting piece and a plurality of groups of output connecting pieces, the input connecting piece and the plurality of groups of output connecting pieces are arranged on the fixing piece, and the plurality of groups of output connecting pieces are electrically connected with the stator winding; the movable assembly is movably arranged in the shell, the movable assembly is arranged on one axial side of the fixed assembly and can axially move relative to the fixed assembly, the movable assembly has a joint position and a separation position relative to the fixed assembly, the movable assembly comprises a movable part and a plurality of switching groups, the switching groups are arranged on the movable part, and when the movable assembly is positioned at the joint position, one switching group in the movable assembly is electrically connected with one output connecting piece of the fixed assembly; the driving assembly is arranged in the shell and drives the movable assembly to rotate when the movable assembly is located at the separation position so as to switch the switching group to be electrically connected with the corresponding group of output connecting pieces; the attraction component is arranged between the fixed component and the movable component so as to enable the movable component to be switched between the joint position and the separation position.
In some examples of the invention, the fixed member is configured in a disc shape, the input connectors extend in a radial direction of the fixed member and are spaced apart in a circumferential direction, and the plurality of sets of output connectors are spaced apart in the radial direction of the fixed member.
In some examples of the invention, the driving motor further comprises: the terminal box, the terminal box set up in the outside of shell, be provided with the power connection line in the terminal box, input connecting piece be the copper bar and with the power connection line electricity is connected, every group output connecting piece includes a plurality of copper bars of interval distribution in circumference and is used for connecting the correspondence switch group.
In some examples of the present invention, the switching groups are three and are respectively a first switching group, a second switching group and a third switching group, the number of winding parallel branches of the first switching group is two, the number of winding parallel branches of the second switching group is four, the number of winding parallel branches of the third switching group is eight, and the first switching group, the second switching group and the third switching group are sequentially arranged at intervals from a radially inner side to a radially outer side.
In some examples of the invention, the first, second and third handover groups each comprise: the star point ring is positioned on the radial inner side of the input ring, the input ring is electrically connected with the input connecting piece, and the output connecting piece is electrically connected with the star point ring; the first and second switching groups include: and the winding jumping wire ring is arranged between the input ring and the star point ring.
In some examples of the invention, the input ring, the winding jumper ring and the star point ring are all copper bar rings.
In some examples of the present invention, the second switching group is circumferentially offset from the third switching group by an angle a, and the first switching group is circumferentially offset from the third switching group by an angle b, where a and b satisfy the relationship:
a＝7.5°Na+3.75°；
b＝7.5°Nb+3.75°；
a+b＝7.5°{(Na+Nb)+1}＝45°m
＝Na+Nb＝5m；
wherein m is an integer, and Na and Nb represent the number of slots offset by the second switching group and the first switching group, respectively.
In some examples of the invention, the driving motor further comprises: a first drive circuit, the actuation assembly includes: the pull-in coil is fixed on the fixing piece, the pull-in coil, the resistor and the first switch are connected in series in the first driving circuit, and the pull-in coil and the resistor are integrally connected with the capacitor in parallel; and a first magnetic piece which is magnetically matched with the attraction coil is arranged on the moving piece.
In some examples of the invention, the driving motor further comprises: the rotor shaft is provided with a bearing, and the moving part is sleeved on the outer side of the bearing and is provided with a second magnetic part; the drive assembly includes: the switching circuit comprises a plurality of switching coils and a plurality of second switches, wherein the switching coils correspond to the second switches one by one and are connected in series to form switching branches, and the switching branches are connected in parallel in the first driving circuit.
In some examples of the invention, the housing comprises: the end cover is arranged at one axial end of the main shell body, the end cover is provided with an accommodating space, and the bearing, the second magnetic part and the switching coil are arranged in the accommodating space.
In some examples of the invention, the driving motor further comprises: the second driving circuit is provided with a third switch corresponding to each electric wire, and a voltage reduction power supply module is arranged between the second driving circuit and the first driving circuit.
The vehicle according to the present invention includes the above-described drive motor.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a sectional view of a driving motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an internal circuit diagram of a driving motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a drive motor forming different high efficiency zones at different speed ranges according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the securing assembly;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a switch group;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a movable assembly;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase input loop of the first switching group;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-phase winding jumper ring of the first switching group;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-phase star point ring of the first switching group;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase input loop of the second switching group;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-phase winding jumper ring of the second switching group;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase star point ring of the second switching group;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of a single-phase input loop of the third switching group;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-phase star point ring of the third switching group.
Reference numerals:
a drive motor 1;
a housing 10; a main housing 11; an end cap 12; an accommodating space 120; a stator 20;
a switching device 30; a fixing member 31; a fixing member 310; an input connection 311; an output connection 312;
a movable component 32; a movable member 320; a first magnetic member 3200; the second magnetic member 3201;
a switch group 321; a first switching group 3210; a second switching group 3211; a third switching group 3212;
an input ring 3213; star point ring 3214; a winding jumper ring 3215;
a drive assembly 33; a switching coil 330; a second switch 331; a switching branch 332;
the attraction assembly 34; a pull-in coil 340; a first switch 341; a resistor 342; a capacitor 343;
a junction box 40; connecting a wire 41; a first drive circuit 50; a rotor shaft 60;
a bearing 61; a second drive circuit 70; a third switch 71; a step-down power supply module 80.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, the embodiments described with reference to the drawings being illustrative, and the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.
A drive motor 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 14.
As shown in fig. 1, a drive motor 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a housing 10, a stator 20 and a switching device 30. The stator 20 is disposed in the housing 10 and includes: stator core and stator winding, stator winding sets up on stator core. The stator 20 is a stationary part in the driving motor 1, the stator 20 mainly functions to generate a rotating magnetic field, the driving motor 1 further includes a rotor, and the rotor is a rotating body and mainly functions to generate a driving torque.
As shown in fig. 1, the switching device 30 is disposed in the housing 10, the switching device 30 is located at one axial side of the stator 20, the switching device 30 has a plurality of switching groups 321, the number of winding parallel branches of the plurality of switching groups 321 is different, and the switching device 30 is electrically connected to the stator windings to selectively switch the switching groups 321 electrically connected to the stator windings. The number of parallel winding branches refers to a circuit formed by directly linking lead heads of a plurality of polar phase groups with a power supply in a stator winding, the switching device 30 is electrically connected with the stator winding to form a connecting circuit, the switching device 30 is provided with a plurality of switching groups 321, and the number of parallel winding branches of the plurality of switching groups 321 is different, so that different circuits can be formed by selectively switching the switching groups 321 electrically connected with the stator winding, and the driving motor 1 can realize the position movement of an efficient working area of the driving motor 1 by adjusting the number of parallel winding branches, and meanwhile, the optimal operation mode of the driving motor 1 can be selected according to the whole vehicle working condition of a vehicle.
As shown in fig. 3, the power system may achieve three efficient zones: a low-speed large-torque high-efficiency area, a rated-speed rated-torque high-efficiency area and a high-speed low-torque high-efficiency area. The superposition of three high-efficiency areas can increase the high-efficiency area of the whole system. Different winding parallel branch numbers have the high efficiency district and the position of oneself, thereby the vehicle can select suitable mode according to the power demand to change driving motor 1's high efficiency district position, can promote driving motor 1's output efficiency. The rotating speed range of the driving motor 1 can be increased according to the adjustment of the number of the parallel branches of the winding, and the driving motor 1 is equivalent to a plurality of rotating speed ranges and is equivalent to a plurality of gears, so that the number of the gears of the mechanical gearbox matched with the driving motor 1 can be correspondingly reduced, and the weight of the assembly can be reduced.
In addition, when braking feedback is carried out, reasonable winding parallel branch circuit number is selected for braking energy recovery, and the recovery power and efficiency can be improved. And can improve the fault-tolerant ability of the driving motor 1 system like this, when the driving motor 1 appears the turn-to-turn or interphase short circuit, can switch to the maximum winding and connect the branch number working mode in parallel, can choose the maximum winding and connect the branch number in parallel, thus can avoid causing the situation that the driving motor 1 can not work normally because of a winding short circuit. When the vehicle is started, the driving motor 1 defaults to the gear with the minimum number of the parallel winding branches, the number of the parallel winding branches is gradually adjusted according to the requirements of the vehicle on power and the judgment of the vehicle speed, and the output efficiency of the vehicle at the high rotating speed of the driving motor 1 can be improved in the process from the driving process to the stopping process of the vehicle.
From this, through setting up switching device 30, switching device 30 can selectively switch the switching group 321 of being connected with the stator winding electricity, thereby can make driving motor 1 body realize the high-efficient work position of driving motor 1 body through the parallelly connected branch number of adjustment winding and remove, form multiple driving motor 1 mode, and can select suitable driving motor 1's mode according to the demand of the whole car operating mode of vehicle, thereby improve driving system's transmission efficiency, need not increase solitary controller simultaneously, can reduce cost and weight.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the switching device 30 includes: a fixed assembly 31, a movable assembly 32, a driving assembly 33 and an attraction assembly 34. The fixing component 31 is fixed in the housing 10, the fixing component 31 includes a fixing member 310, an input connecting member 311 and a plurality of output connecting members 312, the input connecting member 311 and the plurality of output connecting members 312 are both disposed on the fixing member 310, and the plurality of output connecting members 312 are electrically connected to the stator winding. The fixing member 310 is fixed relative to the whole switching device, the input connecting member 311 and the plurality of groups of output connecting members 312 are both disposed on the fixing member 310, so that the input connecting member 311 and the plurality of groups of output connecting members 312 can be kept fixed relative to each other, and the plurality of groups of output connecting members 312 are electrically connected to the stator windings, so that a connection circuit can be formed between the output connecting members 312 and the stator windings. In addition, the fixing component 31 is in interference fit with the housing 10 of the driving motor 1 or fixedly connected with the stator core, so that the fixing component 31 can not do circular motion relative to the stator winding.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the movable element 32 can be movably disposed in the housing 10, the movable element 32 is disposed on one axial side of the fixed element 31, and the movable element 32 can move axially relative to the fixed element 31, the movable element 32 has an engaging position and a disengaging position relative to the fixed element 31, the movable element 32 includes a movable element 320 and a plurality of switching sets 321, the plurality of switching sets 321 are disposed on the movable element 320, and when the movable element 32 is located at the engaging position, one switching set 321 in the movable element 32 is electrically connected to one output connection 312 of the fixed element 31. The movable assembly 32 is axially movable relative to the fixed assembly 31, and has an engaging position and a disengaging position relative to the fixed assembly 31, in the engaging position, a group of switching sets 321 in the movable assembly 32 is electrically connected with a group of output connecting pieces 312 of the fixed assembly 31, so that a connecting circuit is formed between the switching sets 321 and the output connecting pieces 312, and in the disengaging position, the movable assembly 32 can selectively switch the switching sets 321, so that the high-efficiency working area position of the driving motor 1 body can be moved.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the driving assembly 33 is disposed in the housing 10, and when the driving assembly 33 is located at the separated position of the movable assembly 32, the driving assembly 32 is driven to rotate so as to switch the switching set 321 to be electrically connected to the corresponding set of output connectors 312. When the movable assembly 32 is at the separation position, the driving assembly 33 drives the movable assembly 32 to rotate, so that the movable assembly 32 can selectively switch the switching group 321, and is electrically connected with the corresponding group of output connecting pieces 312 to form a connecting circuit, so that the body of the driving motor 1 can realize the position movement of the high-efficiency working area of the driving motor 1 by adjusting the number of parallel branches of the windings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the attraction unit 34 is disposed between the fixed unit 31 and the movable unit 32 to switch the movable unit 32 between the engaged position and the disengaged position. By arranging the attraction component 34, the movable component 32 can be switched between the joint position and the separation position, so that the position of the high-efficiency working area of the driving motor 1 body can be moved.
As shown in fig. 4, the fixed member 310 is configured in a disk shape, the input connectors 311 extend in a radial direction of the fixed member 310, the input connectors 311 are spaced apart in a circumferential direction, and the plurality of sets of output connectors 312 are spaced apart in the radial direction of the fixed member 310. The fixing member 310 is configured in a disk shape, so that the fixing member 310 can be better connected with the switching group 321, the input connecting member 311 extends in the radial direction of the fixing member 310, and the input connecting members 311 are circumferentially distributed at intervals, so that the plurality of output connecting members 312 can be better electrically connected with the stator winding without interfering with each other, and the plurality of groups of output connecting members 312 are radially distributed at intervals of the fixing member 310, so that the plurality of groups of output connecting members 312 can be better electrically connected with the stator winding without interfering with each other, and thus the fixing member 310 can be matched with the switching group 321, and the connection with the plurality of switching groups 321 is more accurate. The number of the input connectors 311 may be three, and the three input connectors 311 may respectively correspond to U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase lines in three-phase power.
According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the driving motor 1 further includes: junction box 40, junction box 40 set up in the outside of shell 10, are provided with electrical connection 41 in the junction box 40, and input connector 311 is the copper bar, and input connector 311 is connected with electrical connection 41 is electric, and every output connector 312 includes a plurality of copper bars at interval distribution on circumference, and every output connector 312 is used for connecting corresponding switching group 321 moreover.
The power connection wire 41 is arranged in the junction box 40, so that the power connection wire 41 can be better protected, the power connection wire 41 is not easy to damage, the input connecting piece 311 is a copper bar, the input connecting piece 311 can be electrically connected with the input end of the power connection wire 41 in the junction box 40, the power connection wire 41 is correspondingly connected with the input connecting piece 311, each coil corresponds to two connected copper bars, and each copper bar is embedded in the fixing piece 310. And every output connector 312 of group includes a plurality of copper bars at interval distribution in circumference, and every output connector 312 of group is used for connecting corresponding switching group 321 moreover, makes mutual noninterference between a plurality of copper bars of every output connector 312 of group, also makes output connector 312 and switching group between 321 looks adaptation like this to it is more accurate when being connected with a plurality of switching groups 321.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, three switching groups 321 are provided, and the three switching groups 321 are a first switching group 3210, a second switching group 3211, and a third switching group 3212, respectively, the number of winding parallel branches of the first switching group 3210 is two, the number of winding parallel branches of the second switching group 3211 is four, the number of winding parallel branches of the third switching group 3212 is eight, and the first switching group 3210, the second switching group 3211, and the third switching group 3212 are sequentially arranged at intervals from the radially inner side to the radially outer side.
The switching groups 321 are divided into three groups, and the number of the parallel winding branches of each switching group 321 is different from one another, so that a reasonable working mode with the number of the parallel winding branches can be selected according to actual conditions, and the efficiency of braking energy recovery can be improved. The number of the winding parallel branches of the first switching group 3210 is two, the number of the winding parallel branches of the second switching group 3211 is four, and the number of the winding parallel branches of the third switching group 3212 is eight, however, the number of the winding parallel branches of the switching group 321 is an illustration of the present invention, and the number of the winding parallel branches of the switching group 321 is not limited thereto. The first switching group 3210, the second switching group 3211, and the third switching group 3212 are sequentially spaced from the radially inner side to the radially outer side, so that the first switching group 3210, the second switching group 3211, and the third switching group 3212 correspond to the plurality of output connectors 312, thereby being more accurate and orderly when the switching group 321 is connected to the output connectors 312.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, 7-14, the first switching group 3210, the second switching group 3211, and the third switching group 3212 each include: an input ring 3213 and a star point ring 3214, the star point ring 3214 is located radially inside the input ring 3213, the input ring 3213 is electrically connected to the input connecting member 311, the output connecting member 312 is electrically connected to the star point ring 3214, and the first switching group 3210 and the second switching group 3211 include: a winding jumper ring 3215, and a winding jumper ring 3215 are provided between the input ring 3213 and the star point ring 3214.
The input ring 3213 is electrically connected to the input connection member 311, and the output connection member 312 is electrically connected to the star point ring 3214, so that the switching group 321 and the fixing member 31 can be electrically connected to each other, thereby achieving a high efficiency region of the driving motor 1. The first switching group 3210 and the second switching group 3211 further include a winding jumper ring 3215, the input ring 3213, the star point ring 3214, and the winding jumper ring 3215 of the first switching group 3210 and the second switching group 3211 are combined together to be able to fully connect with the corresponding output connector 312 and input connector 311, the winding jumper ring 3215 of the first switching group 3210 may jump six sets of stator windings, and the winding jumper ring 3215 of the second switching group 3210 may jump four sets of stator windings. Whereas the third switching group 3212 does not include a winding jumper ring 3215, the input ring 3213 and star point ring 3214 of the third switching group 3212 can just be fully connected with the corresponding output connection 312 and input connection 311.
The input ring 3213, the winding jumper ring 3215 and the star point ring 3214 are all copper bar rings. The input ring 3213, the winding jumper ring 3215 and the star point ring 3214 are all configured as a copper bar ring, and the first switching group 3210, the second switching group 3211 and the third switching group 3212 can be electrically connected to the corresponding output connecting piece 312 and input connecting piece 311, so as to achieve a high efficiency region of the driving motor 1.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 6, the second switching group 3211 is circumferentially offset by an angle a relative to the third switching group 3212, and the first switching group 3210 is circumferentially offset by an angle b relative to the third switching group 3212, where a and b satisfy the following relation:
a＝7.5°Na+3.75°；
b＝7.5°Nb+3.75°；
a+b＝7.5°{(Na+Nb)+1}＝45°m
＝Na+Nb＝5m；
where m is an integer, and Na and Nb represent the number of slots offset by the second switching group 3211 and the first switching group 3210, respectively.
The following is an explanation of the logical formula for the winding switching angle:
z is the number of stator slots of the driving motor 1, P is the number of poles of a rotor of the driving motor 1, the number of parallel branches of the winding is a natural number capable of dividing P by P,
Figure BDA0002671034610000081
m is the number of winding phases N for each phase slot number of each stagea、NbThe number of slots needing to be rotated under different modes of the winding is determined;
the specific winding mode switching needs to rotate according to the following angle relationship:
Figure BDA0002671034610000082
Figure BDA0002671034610000083
the sum of the angles turned by the switching modes simultaneously satisfies the following relational expression:
Figure BDA0002671034610000084
where n is a natural number, the above formula avoids short circuits or phase mismatch between the windings. Specific examples are as follows: for example, the driving motor 1 with 8 poles and 48 slots and matched poles and slots can be obtained by substituting the number of the poles and the slots into the formula as follows:
Figure BDA0002671034610000085
Figure BDA0002671034610000091
Figure BDA0002671034610000092
the first switching group 3210, the second switching group 3211, and the third switching group 3212 are offset from each other by a certain angle in the circumferential direction of the movable assembly 32. The specific angle satisfies the above formula, the plurality of switching groups 321 can be accurately switched to move the position of the high-efficiency region of the driving motor 1, and the first switching group 3210, the second switching group 3211, and the third switching group 3212 can be more accurately connected to the corresponding output connector 312 and input connector 311 to form an electrical connection circuit, thereby achieving a high-efficiency region of the driving motor 1.
According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the driving motor 1 further includes: the first driving circuit 50, the attraction assembly 34 includes: the attracting coil 340, the first switch 341, the resistor 342 and the capacitor 343, the attracting coil 340 is fixed on the fixed member 310, the attracting coil 340, the resistor 342 and the first switch 341 are connected in series in the first driving circuit 50, the attracting coil 340 and the resistor 342 are integrally connected in parallel with the capacitor 343, and the moving member 320 is provided with a first magnetic member 3200 magnetically matched with the attracting coil 340.
When the driving motor 1 needs to switch the working mode of the number of parallel winding branches, the first switch 341 of the attraction component 34 is turned off, the current on the attraction coil 340 is consumed through the resistor 342, meanwhile, the capacitor 343 provides the current for the attraction coil 340, the current at this time is a reverse current, the attraction coil 340 will generate an opposite magnetic field, because the first magnetic member 3200 magnetically matched with the attraction coil 340 is arranged on the moving member 320, the magnetic field of the attraction coil 340 repels the magnetic field of the first magnetic member 3200 at this time, so that the fixed component 31 and the movable component 32 are separated, and the movable component 32 is located at a separation position, so that the movable component 32 can selectively switch the switching group 321, and the high-efficiency working area of the driving motor 1 body is moved. The magnetic circuit of the pull-in coil 340 may be powered by low voltage through DCDC conversion, or may be directly powered by a voltage platform of an MCU (micro control unit). The first magnetic member 3200 has two magnetic poles (N, S), and the axes of the magnetic fields of the two magnetic poles are coincident (a symmetrical 180 distribution can also be understood), and the number of the first magnetic members 3200 can be selected according to requirements.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the driving motor 1 further includes: rotor shaft 60 and first drive circuit 50, fixed part 310 and moving part 320 all overlap and establish on rotor shaft 60, and rotor shaft 60 is provided with bearing 61, and moving part 320 overlaps and establishes the outside at bearing 61, and moving part 320 is provided with second magnetic part 3201 in addition, and drive assembly 33 includes: the plurality of switching coils 330 and the plurality of second switches 331 are in one-to-one correspondence, and the plurality of switching coils 330 and the plurality of second switches 331 are connected in series to form switching branches 332, and the plurality of switching branches 332 are connected in parallel in the first driving circuit 50.
The rotor shaft 60 is provided with a bearing 61, the movable element 320 is sleeved outside the bearing 61, and the movable element 32 can make the movable element 320 perform circular motion around the rotor shaft 60 by matching the movable element 320 with the rotor shaft 60 through the bearing 61. And the moving member 320 is provided with a second magnetic member 3201, when the fixed component 31 and the moving component 32 are separated and the driving motor 1 needs to switch the winding working mode, the second magnetic member 3201 can make the magnetic field direction consistent with the position direction to which the moving component 32 needs to rotate, so that the moving component 32 rotates to the target position through the magnetic field attraction, and the switching of the number of parallel branches of the winding is realized.
In addition, the circuit of the driving component 33 is divided into a plurality of switching branches 332, each switching branch 332 corresponds to one winding parallel branch number, the switching of the corresponding winding parallel branch number is completed by closing the second switches 331 of different switching branches 332, and the closing of the second switches 331 of each switching branch 332 can adjust the movable component 32 by a certain angle. The plurality of second switches 331 of the plurality of switching branches 332 are correspondingly closed according to the position of the movable assembly 32 to be adjusted, when the movable assembly 32 is adjusted to the required position, the corresponding second switches 331 of the switching branches 332 are closed, the first switch 341 is closed, and the attraction coil 340 generates a forward current, so that the magnetic field generated by the attraction coil 340 is attracted to the magnetic field of the first magnetic member 3200, thereby the attraction coil 340 is magnetically matched with the first magnetic member 3200, and the fixed assembly 31 is attracted to and contacted with the movable assembly 32.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1, the housing 10 includes: the end cover 12 is disposed at one axial end of the main housing 11, the end cover 12 is disposed with the accommodating space 120, and the bearing 61, the second magnetic member 3201 and the switching coil 330 are disposed in the accommodating space 120. The accommodating space 120 is formed in the end cover 12, and the bearing 61, the second magnetic member 3201 and the switching coil 330 are disposed in the accommodating space 120, so that the space can be saved, the overall volume of the driving motor 1 can be reduced, and the arrangement is more reasonable, and the number of parallel branches of the winding can be switched by the movable assembly 32 more conveniently.
In addition to this, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the drive motor 1 further includes: the power supply circuit comprises a second driving circuit 70 and a plurality of power connection wires 41, wherein the plurality of power connection wires 41 are electrically connected with the second driving circuit 70, the second driving circuit 70 is provided with a third switch 71 corresponding to each power connection wire 41, and a voltage reduction power supply module 80 is arranged between the second driving circuit 70 and the first driving circuit 50. The plurality of the electric wires 41 are electrically connected with a second driving circuit 70, the second driving circuit 70 is responsible for driving the armature of the stator 20 of the motor 1 to be switched on and off by the plurality of electric wires 41 through a third switch 71, and the second driving circuit 70 is divided into an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm. A voltage-reducing power module 80 is further disposed between the second driving circuit 70 and the first driving circuit 50, the voltage-reducing power module 80 is used for converting a high-voltage direct-current power supply into a low-voltage direct current and supplying power to the first driving circuit 50, and when the driving motor 1 is powered on at a high voltage and works normally, the voltage-reducing power module 80 normally supplies power to the first driving circuit 50.
Specifically, when the driving motor 1 is powered on at a high voltage and normally works, the step-down power supply module 80 converts the high-voltage direct current power supply into a low-voltage direct current power supply and supplies power to the first driving circuit 50, when the driving motor 1 needs to switch the winding working mode, the first switch 341 is turned off, the capacitor 343 provides current for the attraction coil 340 at the same time, the current is reverse current, the attraction coil 340 generates an opposite magnetic field, and because the first magnetic member 3200 magnetically matched with the attraction coil 340 is arranged on the moving member 320, the magnetic field of the attraction coil 340 repels the magnetic field of the first magnetic member 3200 at the moment, so that the fixed assembly 31 and the moving assembly 32 are separated; after the fixed component 31 and the movable component 32 are separated, the second switch 331 of the different switching branch 332 is closed, and the second magnetic component 3201 can make the direction of the magnetic field consistent with the direction of the position to which the movable component 32 needs to be rotated, so that the movable component 32 is rotated to the target position by the magnetic field attraction, and the switching of the number of the parallel branches of the winding is realized; when the movable assembly 32 is adjusted to a desired position, the second switch 331 of the corresponding switching branch 332 is closed, and then the first switch 341 is closed, so that the attraction coil 340 generates a forward current, and the magnetic field generated by the attraction coil 340 is attracted to the magnetic field of the first magnetic member 3200, thereby magnetically matching the attraction coil 340 with the first magnetic member 3200, and attracting and contacting the fixed assembly 31 and the movable assembly 32.
The vehicle according to the embodiment of the invention includes the above-described drive motor 1.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, "the first feature" and "the second feature" may include one or more of the features.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more.
In the description of the present invention, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the first and second features being in contact with each other not directly but through another feature therebetween.
In the description of the invention, "above", "over" and "above" a first feature in a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (13)

1. A drive motor, comprising:
a housing;
a stator disposed within the housing and comprising: the stator winding is arranged on the stator core;
the switching device is arranged in the shell and positioned on one axial side of the stator, the switching device is provided with a plurality of switching groups, the number of winding parallel branches of the switching groups is different, and the switching device is electrically connected with the stator winding so as to selectively switch the switching groups electrically connected with the stator winding.
2. The drive motor according to claim 1, wherein the switching means comprises:
the fixing assembly is fixed in the shell and comprises a fixing piece, an input connecting piece and a plurality of groups of output connecting pieces, the input connecting piece and the plurality of groups of output connecting pieces are arranged on the fixing piece, and the plurality of groups of output connecting pieces are electrically connected with the stator winding;
the movable assembly is movably arranged in the shell, the movable assembly is arranged on one axial side of the fixed assembly and can axially move relative to the fixed assembly, the movable assembly has a joint position and a separation position relative to the fixed assembly, the movable assembly comprises a movable part and a plurality of switching groups, the switching groups are arranged on the movable part, and when the movable assembly is positioned at the joint position, one switching group in the movable assembly is electrically connected with one output connecting piece of the fixed assembly;
the driving assembly is arranged in the shell and drives the movable assembly to rotate when the movable assembly is located at the separation position so as to switch the switching group to be electrically connected with the corresponding group of output connecting pieces;
the attraction component is arranged between the fixed component and the movable component so as to enable the movable component to be switched between the joint position and the separation position.
3. The drive motor of claim 2, wherein the stator is configured in a disk shape, the input connections extend in a radial direction of the stator and are spaced apart in a circumferential direction, and the plurality of sets of output connections are spaced apart in the radial direction of the stator.
4. The drive motor according to claim 2, further comprising: the terminal box, the terminal box set up in the outside of shell, be provided with the power connection line in the terminal box, input connecting piece be the copper bar and with the power connection line electricity is connected, every group output connecting piece includes a plurality of copper bars of interval distribution in circumference and is used for connecting the correspondence switch group.
5. The drive motor according to claim 2, wherein the switching groups are three and are respectively a first switching group, a second switching group, and a third switching group, the number of winding parallel branches of the first switching group is two, the number of winding parallel branches of the second switching group is four, the number of winding parallel branches of the third switching group is eight, and the first switching group, the second switching group, and the third switching group are sequentially arranged at intervals from a radially inner side to a radially outer side.
6. The drive motor of claim 5, wherein the first switching group, the second switching group, and the third switching group each comprise: the star point ring is positioned on the radial inner side of the input ring, the input ring is electrically connected with the input connecting piece, and the output connecting piece is electrically connected with the star point ring;
the first and second switching groups include: and the winding jumping wire ring is arranged between the input ring and the star point ring.
7. The drive motor of claim 6 wherein said input ring, said winding jumper ring and said star point ring are all copper bar rings.
8. The drive motor according to claim 6, wherein the second switching group is circumferentially offset from the third switching group by an angle a, and the first switching group is circumferentially offset from the third switching group by an angle b, wherein a and b satisfy the relationship:
a＝7.5°Na+3.75°；
b＝7.5°Nb+3.75°；
a+b＝7.5°{(Na+Nb)+1}＝45°m
＝Na+Nb＝5m；
wherein m is an integer, and Na and Nb represent the number of slots offset by the second switching group and the first switching group, respectively.
9. The drive motor according to claim 2, further comprising: a first drive circuit, the actuation assembly includes: the pull-in coil is fixed on the fixing piece, the pull-in coil, the resistor and the first switch are connected in series in the first driving circuit, and the pull-in coil and the resistor are integrally connected with the capacitor in parallel;
and a first magnetic piece which is magnetically matched with the attraction coil is arranged on the moving piece.
10. The drive motor according to claim 2, further comprising: the rotor shaft is provided with a bearing, and the moving part is sleeved on the outer side of the bearing and is provided with a second magnetic part;
the drive assembly includes: the switching circuit comprises a plurality of switching coils and a plurality of second switches, wherein the switching coils correspond to the second switches one by one and are connected in series to form switching branches, and the switching branches are connected in parallel in the first driving circuit.
11. The drive motor of claim 10, wherein the housing comprises: the end cover is arranged at one axial end of the main shell body, the end cover is provided with an accommodating space, and the bearing, the second magnetic part and the switching coil are arranged in the accommodating space.
12. The drive motor of claim 10, further comprising: the second driving circuit is provided with a third switch corresponding to each electric wire, and a voltage reduction power supply module is arranged between the second driving circuit and the first driving circuit.
13. A vehicle characterized by comprising the drive motor of any one of claims 1 to 12.
CN202010933288.3A 2020-09-08 2020-09-08 Drive motor and vehicle Active CN112186930B (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10138206A1 (en) * 2001-08-03 2003-02-20 Conti Temic Microelectronic Switch unit for changing over electric motor coils in starter-generator of IC engine, has contact pins connected to actuator elements for shifting pins to variously electrically connect connections with each other
CN202085025U (en) * 2011-03-07 2011-12-21 廊坊市永泰电动车电机有限公司 Three-phase brushless permanent-magnet multi-gear inner rotor speed change differential integrated motor
CN102480200A (en) * 2010-11-19 2012-05-30 株式会社日立制作所 Winding switching device and rotating machine employing the same
CN107017721A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-08-04 山东山博电机集团有限公司 A kind of parallel-moving type motor three-phase windings connect switching mechanism
CN206948068U (en) * 2017-04-26 2018-01-30 合肥巨一动力系统有限公司 A kind of variable number of turn lenticular wire motor stator winding
EP3451506A1 (en) * 2017-08-28 2019-03-06 ZF Friedrichshafen AG Circuit arrangement for an electric machine
CN208596978U (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-03-12 李洪广 Permasyn morot and electric car

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10138206A1 (en) * 2001-08-03 2003-02-20 Conti Temic Microelectronic Switch unit for changing over electric motor coils in starter-generator of IC engine, has contact pins connected to actuator elements for shifting pins to variously electrically connect connections with each other
CN102480200A (en) * 2010-11-19 2012-05-30 株式会社日立制作所 Winding switching device and rotating machine employing the same
CN202085025U (en) * 2011-03-07 2011-12-21 廊坊市永泰电动车电机有限公司 Three-phase brushless permanent-magnet multi-gear inner rotor speed change differential integrated motor
CN206948068U (en) * 2017-04-26 2018-01-30 合肥巨一动力系统有限公司 A kind of variable number of turn lenticular wire motor stator winding
CN107017721A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-08-04 山东山博电机集团有限公司 A kind of parallel-moving type motor three-phase windings connect switching mechanism
EP3451506A1 (en) * 2017-08-28 2019-03-06 ZF Friedrichshafen AG Circuit arrangement for an electric machine
CN208596978U (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-03-12 李洪广 Permasyn morot and electric car

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