CN112180593A - Apparatus for presenting image and system for implementing augmented reality display - Google Patents

Apparatus for presenting image and system for implementing augmented reality display Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112180593A
CN112180593A CN201910584788.8A CN201910584788A CN112180593A CN 112180593 A CN112180593 A CN 112180593A CN 201910584788 A CN201910584788 A CN 201910584788A CN 112180593 A CN112180593 A CN 112180593A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
function structure
optical function
optical
waveguide lens
optical waveguide
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Pending
Application number
CN201910584788.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
罗明辉
乔文
成堂东
李玲
李瑞彬
周振
陈林森
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Suzhou University
SVG Tech Group Co Ltd
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Suzhou University
SVG Tech Group Co Ltd
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Application filed by Suzhou University, SVG Tech Group Co Ltd filed Critical Suzhou University
Priority to CN201910584788.8A priority Critical patent/CN112180593A/en
Publication of CN112180593A publication Critical patent/CN112180593A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type

Abstract

The present invention relates to image display technology, and more particularly, to an apparatus for presenting an image and a system for implementing an augmented reality display including the same. An apparatus for presenting an image according to an aspect of the present invention includes: an optical waveguide lens; and the first optical function structure, the second optical function structure, the third optical function structure, the fourth optical function structure, the first optical function structure, the second optical function structure, the third optical function structure, the fourth optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure are arranged on the surface of the optical waveguide lens, wherein the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure are arranged on two sides of the surface of the optical waveguide lens, the first optical function structure and the second optical function structure are arranged between the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure, light containing a left eye image and a right eye image enters the optical waveguide lens through the first optical function structure in a coupling mode and reaches the second optical function structure through total reflection, and under the action of the second optical function structure, the left eye image and the right.

Description

Apparatus for presenting image and system for implementing augmented reality display
Technical Field
The present invention relates to image display technology, and more particularly, to an apparatus for presenting an image and a system for implementing an augmented reality display including the same.
Background
Augmented Reality (AR) technology is a new type of display technology that integrates real world information and virtual world information "seamlessly". The method not only displays the information of the real world, but also displays the virtual information at the same time, thereby realizing the mutual supplement and superposition of the two kinds of information. In visual augmented reality, a blended image of the real world superimposed with a computer-generated virtual image is presented to a user using a head-mounted display.
Most of the current mainstream near-eye augmented reality display devices adopt the optical waveguide principle. For example, in a typical augmented reality display device, an image on a microdisplay spatial light modulator (e.g., LCOS) is coupled into an optical waveguide through three holographic gratings, then transmitted through three optical waveguides, respectively, and finally coupled out through corresponding holographic gratings right in front of the human eye for projection to the human eye. In order to realize color projection, a multilayer optical waveguide mode can be adopted. However, there are a number of disadvantages to augmented reality display devices based on the above principles of operation. For example, the spatial efficiency of the lens surface is not high and thus the exit pupil window is compressed (i.e., the viewable area is small for the human eye). As another example, motion tolerance for the wearer is low, such as shaking, movement, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for presenting images having an increased exit pupil window, which enables an improved utilization of the lens surface.
An apparatus for presenting an image according to an aspect of the present invention includes:
an optical waveguide lens; and
a first optical function structure, a second optical function structure, a third optical function structure and a fourth optical function structure which are arranged on the surface of the optical waveguide lens,
wherein the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure are positioned on two sides of the surface of the optical waveguide lens, the first optical function structure and the second optical function structure are positioned between the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure,
the light including the left eye image and the right eye image is coupled into the optical waveguide lens through the first optical function structure, then reaches the second optical function structure through total reflection, and under the action of the second optical function structure, the left eye image and the right eye image of the light respectively reach the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure through total reflection in the optical waveguide lens and exit from the optical waveguide lens under the action of the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure.
Preferably, in the above apparatus, the first optical function structure, the third optical function structure, and the fourth optical function structure are one-dimensional gratings, and the second optical function structure is a hologram diffraction element.
Preferably, in the above apparatus, the one-dimensional grating is one of: tilted gratings, rectangular gratings, blazed gratings, and bulk gratings.
Preferably, in the above apparatus, the first optical function structure is spaced apart from the second optical function structure in a first direction, and the first optical function structure and the second optical function structure are spaced apart from the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure in a second direction different from the first direction.
Preferably, in the above apparatus, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
Preferably, in the above device, the first optical function structure, the second optical function structure, the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure are located on the same surface of the optical waveguide lens.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a system for implementing an augmented reality display having an increased exit pupil window, thereby enabling improved utilization of the lens surface.
A system for implementing an augmented reality display according to another aspect of the present invention comprises:
an image source configured to provide light including a left-eye image and a right-eye image; and
an image rendering device comprising:
an optical waveguide lens; and
a first optical function structure and a second optical function structure arranged on the surface of the optical waveguide lens
Two optical functional structures, a third optical functional structure and a fourth optical functional structure,
wherein the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure are positioned on two sides of the surface of the optical waveguide lens, the first optical function structure and the second optical function structure are positioned between the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure,
the light enters the optical waveguide lens through the first optical function structure in a coupling mode, then reaches the second optical function structure through total reflection, and under the action of the second optical function structure, a left eye image and a right eye image of the light respectively reach the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure through total reflection in the optical waveguide lens and exit from the optical waveguide lens under the action of the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure.
In the image rendering device according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure are disposed on both sides of the surface of the optical waveguide lens, and the first optical function structure and the second optical function structure are disposed between the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure or in the center of the optical waveguide lens. In general, the size of the optical waveguide lens in the horizontal direction is larger than that in the vertical direction, so the arrangement mode can obviously increase the occupied area of the third optical functional structure and the fourth optical functional structure, thereby enlarging the exit pupil window. Further, the image presenting apparatus according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention is simple and compact in structure, which is advantageous in downsizing the entire apparatus.
Drawings
Fig. 1A and 1B are a top view and a perspective view, respectively, of an apparatus for presenting an image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate examples of one-dimensional gratings that may be applied to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
Fig. 3 shows an example of a hologram diffraction element applicable to the embodiment shown in fig. 1A and 1B.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus for presenting an image shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the cross-section being shown in the Y-Z plane of fig. 1B.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus for presenting an image shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the cross-section being shown in the X-Z plane of fig. 1B.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a system for implementing an augmented reality display according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1A and 1B are a top view and a perspective view, respectively, of an apparatus for presenting an image according to an embodiment of the present invention. Illustratively, the apparatus for presenting an image of the present embodiment may take the form of eyeglasses (other parts of the eyeglasses (e.g., temples) are not shown in fig. 1A and 1B for emphasis).
Referring to fig. 1A and 1B, the apparatus 10 for presenting an image of the present embodiment includes an optical waveguide lens 110, and a first optical function structure 121, a second optical function structure 122, a third optical function structure 123, and a fourth optical function structure 124 provided on a surface of the optical waveguide lens.
Optionally, the first optical functional structure 121, the second optical functional structure 122, the third optical functional structure 123 and the fourth optical functional structure 124 are nano-structures to form diffracted light. Further, optionally, the optical functional structures are located on the same surface of the optical waveguide lens 110.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the first optical functional structure 121 is configured to couple incident light rays containing left-eye and right-eye images into the optical waveguide lens 110, and thus may also be referred to as a coupling-in region; the second optical functional structure 122 is configured to direct the left-eye image and the right-eye image of the light to the third optical functional structure 123 and the fourth optical functional structure 124, respectively, and thus may also be referred to as a transition region; the third optical functional structure 123 and the fourth optical functional structure 124 are configured to direct the left-eye image and the right-eye image of light out of the optical waveguide lens 110, respectively, to present an augmented reality image to a user, and thus the functional structures 123 and 124 may also be referred to as out-coupling regions.
As shown in fig. 1A and 1B, illustratively, the third optical functional structure 123 and the fourth optical functional structure 124 are located on both sides of the surface of the optical waveguide lens 110 at positions corresponding to the positions of both eyes of the wearer. Meanwhile, the first optical function structure 121 and the second optical function structure 122 are located between the third optical function structure 123 and the fourth optical function structure 124.
As can be seen from fig. 1B, the optical waveguide lens 110 forms a raised platform in the surface area where the first optical function structure 121 is located, and the first optical function structure 121 and the second optical function structure 122 have a certain interval in the Y direction shown in the figure.
In general, the size of the optical waveguide lens 110 in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction in fig. 1B) is larger than the size of the optical waveguide lens 110 in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction in fig. 1B), and when the third optical function structure 123 and the fourth optical function structure 124 are disposed on both sides of the optical waveguide lens 110 in the X-axis direction, the exit pupil viewing window can be increased by increasing the area occupied by the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure.
In the present embodiment, the first optical functional structure 121, the third optical functional structure 123, and the third optical functional structure 124 are exemplarily implemented in the form of a one-dimensional grating, and the second optical functional structure 122 is implemented in the form of a holographic diffraction element. Alternatively, the one-dimensional grating may be selected from one or more of the following groups: tilted gratings, rectangular gratings, blazed gratings, and bulk gratings.
Fig. 2A-2C show examples of one-dimensional gratings that can be applied to the embodiment shown in fig. 1A and 1B, where the one-dimensional grating shown in fig. 2A is a rectangular grating, the one-dimensional grating shown in fig. 2B is an inclined grating, and the one-dimensional grating shown in fig. 2C is a blazed grating.
Referring to fig. 2A, a rectangular grating 221A is formed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens 210, and the light incident on the grating surface at a certain angle is diffracted by the rectangular grating by selecting the structural parameters such as the height, width, period, etc. of the grating. The diffracted light includes zero-order diffracted light T0-1 st order diffraction light T-1And 1 st order diffracted light T1. In the case shown in FIG. 2A, the 0 th order diffraction efficiency is the highest, the-1 st order diffraction is the lowest, and the 1 st order diffraction efficiency is the lowest. Alternatively, the rectangular grating 221A shown in FIG. 2A can be used to form the-1 st order diffracted light, which then completes its propagation within the optical waveguide lens 210.
Referring to fig. 2B, the tilted grating 221B is formed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens 210, and the light incident on the grating surface at a certain angle is diffracted by the tilted grating through selecting the structural parameters such as the height, width, period and tilt angle of the grating. Similarly, the diffracted light includes zero-order diffracted light T0-1 st order diffraction light T-1And 1 st order diffracted light T1. In the case shown in FIG. 2B, the-1 st order diffraction efficiency is the highest, and the 1 st order diffraction efficiency is the lowest. Alternatively, the-1 st order diffracted light can be formed by using the tilted grating shown in FIG. 2B, and then its propagation within the optical waveguide lens 210 is completed. In addition, by optimizing one or more of the structural parameters such as the height, width, period, and tilt angle of the grating, a wavelength selection function can be realized, that is, the diffraction efficiency of light in a certain wavelength range can be made high, while the rest of the waves can be made highThe diffraction efficiency of light in the long range is low.
Referring to fig. 2C, a blazed grating 221C is formed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens 210, and the blazed grating is used to diffract light incident on the grating surface at a certain angle by selecting the structural parameters such as the grating height, the period, and the blazed angle. Similarly, the diffracted light includes zero-order diffracted light T0-1 st order diffraction light T-1And 1 st order diffracted light T1. In the case shown in fig. 2C, the-1 st order diffraction efficiency is the highest, and the zeroth order diffraction and the 1 st order diffraction efficiency are the lowest. Alternatively, the-1 st order diffracted light can be formed by using the tilted grating shown in FIG. 2C, and then its propagation within the optical waveguide lens 210 is completed. In addition, the wavelength selection function can be realized by optimizing one or more of the structural parameters such as the height, the period and the blaze angle of the grating.
Fig. 3 shows an example of a hologram diffraction element applicable to the embodiment shown in fig. 1A and 1B. As shown in fig. 3, holographic diffraction element 322 takes the form of a two-dimensional array. The light is coupled into the optical waveguide lens through the first optical function structure and propagates in the optical waveguide lens, and when the propagating light is incident to the holographic diffraction element 322, it will be diffracted and deflected at an angle. Optionally, the holographic diffraction element 322 is designed to selectively bend and transmit the diffracted light to the third optical function structure 123 or the fourth optical function structure 124.
The following describes the operating principle of the apparatus for presenting an image shown in fig. 1A and 1B.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus for presenting an image shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the cross-section being shown in the Y-Z plane of fig. 1B.
Referring to fig. 4, light including a left-eye image and a right-eye image emitted from the image source 20 reaches the first optical function structure 121. The light is introduced into the optical waveguide lens 110 by diffraction of the first optical function structure 121. By selecting suitable structural parameters for the first optical functional structure 121, the light with the highest diffraction efficiency can be totally reflected inside the optical waveguide lens 110. As shown in fig. 4, the first optical function structure 121 and the second optical function structure 122 are spaced apart from each other in the Y direction, and the light beams having total reflection reach the second optical function structure 122 from the first optical function structure 121 by total reflection.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus for presenting an image shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the cross-section being shown in the X-Z plane of fig. 1B.
Referring to fig. 5 in conjunction with fig. 4, it can be seen that total reflection continues to occur in the optical waveguide lens 110 upon reaching the second optical function structure 122, but the propagation direction is changed from along the Y direction to along the X direction. As shown in fig. 5, second optical functional structure 122 (e.g., in the form of a holographic diffraction element) directs left-eye and right-eye images of light to third optical functional structure 123 and fourth optical functional structure 124, respectively. The left-eye image and the right-eye image subsequently exit the optical waveguide lens 110 under the diffractive action of the third optical functional structure 123 and the fourth optical functional structure 124, thereby presenting an augmented reality image to the user.
The apparatus for presenting images shown in fig. 1A and 1B increases the exit pupil window compared to the prior art, thereby improving the utilization of the lens surface.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a system for implementing an augmented reality display according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The system 1 as shown in fig. 6 comprises an image rendering device 10 and an image source 20. Image source 20 is configured to provide light including left and right eye images to image rendering device 10. The image-rendering device 10 is configured to render an augmented reality image to a user. In the present embodiment, the image rendering device 10 may be implemented, for example, as described above with reference to the embodiments of fig. 1A, 1B, 2A-2C, and 3-5.
The foregoing has described the principles and preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the invention should not be construed as being limited to the particular embodiments discussed. The preferred embodiments described above should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and it should be understood that variations may be made in those embodiments by workers skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims (12)

1. An apparatus for presenting an image, comprising:
an optical waveguide lens; and
a first optical function structure, a second optical function structure, a third optical function structure and a fourth optical function structure which are arranged on the surface of the optical waveguide lens,
wherein the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure are positioned on two sides of the surface of the optical waveguide lens, the first optical function structure and the second optical function structure are positioned between the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure,
the light including the left eye image and the right eye image is coupled into the optical waveguide lens through the first optical function structure, then reaches the second optical function structure through total reflection, and under the action of the second optical function structure, the left eye image and the right eye image of the light respectively reach the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure through total reflection in the optical waveguide lens and exit from the optical waveguide lens under the action of the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first, third and fourth optically functional structures are one-dimensional gratings and the second optically functional structure is a holographic diffractive element.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one-dimensional grating is one of: tilted gratings, rectangular gratings, blazed gratings, and bulk gratings.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first optically functional structure is spaced relative to the second optically functional structure in a first direction, and the first and second optically functional structures are spaced relative to the third and fourth optically functional structures in a second direction different from the first direction.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first, second, third and fourth optical functional structures are located on the same surface of the optical waveguide lens.
7. A system for implementing an augmented reality display, comprising:
an image source configured to provide light including a left-eye image and a right-eye image; and
an image rendering device comprising:
an optical waveguide lens; and
a first optical function structure, a second optical function structure, a third optical function structure and a fourth optical function structure which are arranged on the surface of the optical waveguide lens,
wherein the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure are positioned on two sides of the surface of the optical waveguide lens, the first optical function structure and the second optical function structure are positioned between the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure,
the light enters the optical waveguide lens through the first optical function structure in a coupling mode, then reaches the second optical function structure through total reflection, and under the action of the second optical function structure, a left eye image and a right eye image of the light respectively reach the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure through total reflection in the optical waveguide lens and exit from the optical waveguide lens under the action of the third optical function structure and the fourth optical function structure.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first, third, and fourth optically functional structures are one-dimensional gratings and the second optically functional structure is a holographic diffractive element.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the one-dimensional grating is one of: tilted gratings, rectangular gratings, blazed gratings, and bulk gratings.
10. The system of claim 7, wherein the first optically functional structure is spaced relative to the second optically functional structure in a first direction, and the first and second optically functional structures are spaced relative to the third and fourth optically functional structures in a second direction different from the first direction.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
12. The system of claim 7, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth optical functional structures are located on the same surface of the optical waveguide lens.
CN201910584788.8A 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 Apparatus for presenting image and system for implementing augmented reality display Pending CN112180593A (en)

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CN201910584788.8A CN112180593A (en) 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 Apparatus for presenting image and system for implementing augmented reality display

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910584788.8A CN112180593A (en) 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 Apparatus for presenting image and system for implementing augmented reality display

Publications (1)

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