CN112180290B - Positioning method for generator stator ground fault - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/04—Measuring peak values or amplitude or envelope of ac or of pulses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R25/00—Arrangements for measuring phase angle between a voltage and a current or between voltages or currents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for positioning a generator stator ground fault, which comprises the following steps: reading a generator end three-phase voltage vector from a fault recorder; calculating a zero sequence voltage vector of the generator; determining a fault phase; calculating the lead angle of the lead fault phase voltage vector of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator; calculating a characteristic vector angle of the generator; when the lead angle is smaller than the characteristic vector angle, the ground fault occurs outside the generator; when the lead angle is equal to the characteristic vector angle, the ground fault occurs at the machine end; when the lead angle is larger than the characteristic vector angle, the ground fault is positioned in the generator, and the ratio of the number of windings of the ground fault from the machine end to the number of windings from the neutral point of the generator can be calculated. The invention has the advantages that: the method of the invention does not need to measure the grounding transition resistance for positioning the grounding fault of the generator stator; the method of the invention has less fault information required for positioning the grounding fault of the generator stator, has simple calculation process and less calculation amount, and is easy to use on site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power plant relay protection, and particularly relates to a method for positioning a generator stator grounding fault.
Background
Single-phase ground faults of the generator stator are relatively common faults of the generator. If the stator grounding happens in the generator, the stator winding two-phase, three-phase grounding short circuit or inter-turn short circuit can be further developed to cause serious damage to the generator, so that the single-phase grounding protection of the stator winding of the generator is operated at a stop after a short delay of 0.3 s-1.0 s according to the calculation guidelines of relay protection setting of large-scale generator transformers at present. However, in practice, many single-phase earth faults of the stator occur at the generator end and outside the generator, such as the closed generator bus is wetted, the insulating damage of the PT neutral point cable special for the turn-to-turn protection of the generator, the damage of the supporting insulator of the closed generator bus, and the like.
The existing stator grounding protection method of the generator still cannot distinguish whether the single-phase grounding fault of the stator occurs inside or outside the generator, and whether the stator grounding protection is 100% stator grounding protection consisting of fundamental wave zero sequence voltage and 3 rd harmonic voltage or injection type stator grounding protection is adopted. When the stator of the generator is grounded and protected to act after the generator is stopped, power plant staff needs to unlock the connection between the generator and the outside, and the insulation between the inside and the outside of the generator is checked respectively, so that the workload is large and the stopping time is long. If the single-phase earth fault of the generator stator can be positioned, the workload can be greatly reduced, the earth fault can be found and removed in a short time, and the power failure time is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of positioning of a generator stator ground fault, and provides a generator stator ground fault positioning method.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for positioning a generator stator ground fault comprises the following steps:
1) After the generator has a ground fault, the three-phase voltage vector U at the generator end is read from a fault recorder a ∠A、U b Angle B and U c ∠C；
2) Calculating zero sequence voltage vector U of generator 0 ∠N；
3) Comparing generator terminal three-phase voltage U a ∠A、U b Angle B and U c The amplitude of the angle C is found out, and the phase with the largest amplitude is determined to be the fault phase with the ground fault after the next phase with the largest amplitude is delayed on the phase sequence;
4) Calculating zero sequence voltage vector U of generator 0 The angle N leads the lead angle delta theta of the phase voltage vector of the generator ground fault:
5) Calculating a characteristic vector angle alpha of the generator:
wherein; ω is the frequency of the power frequency angle, ω=2×pi×f=100×pi; c (C) ∑ The sum of three-phase grounding capacitances of the generator stator and the machine end external element is adopted; r is R n The neutral point grounding resistor of the generator is converted into a resistance value of a primary side through a neutral point grounding transformer;
6) Comparing the magnitude of delta theta with alpha;
7) In the last step, if the stator ground fault of the generator is judged to occur in the generator, the ratio beta of the number of windings of the stator ground fault to the generator end to the number of windings to the generator neutral point is further determined.
The invention is further improved in that in step 2), the zero sequence voltage vector U of the generator is calculated by the following method 0 ∠N：
a) The first step of calculating the horizontal axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator as
b) The second step of calculating the vertical axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator as
c) Third step, calculating the amplitude U of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator 0 Is that
d) Fourth step, calculating the phase angle N of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator as
Calculation ofWhen U is 0x > 0, < ->When U is 0x < 0, let->
In the step 3), if the amplitude of the A phase voltage in the three-phase voltage is the largest, determining the B phase as the fault phase with the ground fault; if the amplitude of the B phase voltage in the three-phase voltage is the largest, determining the C phase as a fault phase with ground fault; and if the amplitude of the C-phase voltage in the three-phase voltage is the largest, determining the A-phase as a fault phase with a ground fault.
The invention is further improved in that in the step 4), if the ground fault phase of the generator is determined to be the A phase through the step 3), delta theta= < N- < A >;
if the generator ground fault phase is determined to be the B phase through the step 3), delta theta= < N- < B >;
if the phase of the generator ground fault is determined to be the C phase through the step 3), delta theta= < N- < C >.
The invention further improves that in the step 6), if delta theta is smaller than alpha, the generator ground fault is judged to occur outside the generator, if delta theta is equal to alpha, the generator ground fault is judged to occur at the generator end, and if delta theta is larger than alpha, the generator ground fault is judged to occur inside the generator.
The invention is further improved in that in the step 7), the method for determining the ratio beta of the winding number is as follows:
wherein U is Phase of failure The phase voltage amplitude for the generator ground fault phase determined by step 3).
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the method does not need to measure the grounding transition resistance for positioning the grounding fault of the generator stator, so that the method is applicable to a wide range of units, is applicable to a plurality of units without injection type stator grounding protection, and is also applicable to generator units with neutral points not grounded. Although the method for locating the single-phase grounding fault of the stator winding of the generator (Bi Dajiang) is disclosed, the method is only aimed at a generator set with the neutral point grounded through the high resistance of a distribution transformer, and the grounding fault transition resistance needs to be measured through the single-phase grounding protection of a stator with an external 20Hz power supply, so that the application range is limited.
2. The method obtains the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator through calculation without adopting a method for directly reading the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator through a fault recorder, so that the calculation error caused by inconsistent transformation ratio between a secondary side resistance tap of a neutral point grounding transformer of the generator and a generator terminal PT can be avoided, and the calculation inaccuracy caused by the fact that the zero sequence voltage measured by the fault recorder contains a third harmonic component can be avoided.
3. The method of the invention has less fault information required for positioning the grounding fault of the generator stator, only needs to read the machine-side three-phase voltage vector of the generator stator after the grounding fault of the generator stator from the fault recorder, comprises three-phase voltage amplitude values and phase angles, has simple calculation process and less calculation amount, and is easy to use on site.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for positioning the grounding fault of the generator stator provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) After the generator has a ground fault, the three-phase voltage vector U at the generator end is read from a fault recorder a ∠A、U b Angle B and U c ∠C。
2) The zero sequence voltage vector U of the generator is calculated by the following method 0 ∠N：
a) The first step of calculating the horizontal axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator as
b) The second step of calculating the vertical axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator as
c) Third step, calculating the amplitude U of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator 0 Is that
d) Fourth step, calculating the phase angle N of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator as
Calculation ofWhen U is 0x > 0, < ->When U is 0x < 0, let->
3) Comparing generator terminal three-phase voltage U a ∠A、U b Angle B and U c The amplitude of the angle C is found out, and the phase with the largest amplitude is found out, so that the next phase lagging behind the phase with the largest amplitude on the phase sequence is determined to be the fault phase with the ground fault, namely, the amplitude of the voltage of the phase A in the three-phase voltage is the largest, and the phase B is determined to be the fault phase with the ground fault; the maximum amplitude of the B phase voltage in the three-phase voltage can determine that the C phase is a fault phase with ground fault; and if the amplitude of the C-phase voltage in the three-phase voltage is the largest, determining the A-phase as a fault phase with ground fault.
4) Calculating zero sequence voltage vector U of generator 0 The angle N leads the lead angle delta theta of the phase voltage vector of the generator ground fault:
if the ground fault phase of the generator is determined to be the A phase in the step 3), delta theta= < N- < A >;
if the generator ground fault phase is determined to be the B phase through the step 3), delta theta= < N- < B >;
if the phase of the generator ground fault is determined to be the C phase through the step 3), delta theta= < N- < C >.
5) Calculating a characteristic vector angle alpha of the generator:wherein; ω is the frequency of the power frequency angle, ω=2×pi×f=100×pi; c (C) ∑ Is an external element of a stator and a machine end of a generatorA sum of three phase to ground capacitances; r is R n The neutral point grounding resistor of the generator is converted into a primary side resistance value through a neutral point grounding transformer.
6) Comparing the magnitude of Δθ and α: if delta theta is smaller than alpha, judging that the generator ground fault occurs outside the generator, if delta theta is equal to alpha, judging that the generator ground fault occurs at the generator end, and if delta theta is larger than alpha, judging that the generator ground fault occurs inside the generator.
7) In the last step, if it is determined that the stator ground fault occurs in the generator, the ratio β of the number of windings at the generator end to the number of windings at the generator neutral point can be further determined, where the stator ground fault occurs, by the following method:
wherein U is Phase of failure The phase voltage amplitude for the generator ground fault phase determined by step 3) of the method of the invention.
Examples:
according to the generator grounding accident case provided in the text of comparative analysis of multiple stator grounding protection accidents of the same unit (Huang Xiaopeng and the like), the embodiment of the invention is adopted.
The relevant parameters of the unit are as follows: the generator capacity is 630MW, the capacitance to ground of each phase is 0.27uF, the capacitance to ground of a generator side generator outlet breaker system (GCB) is 0.14uF, the capacitance to ground of a system side GCB is 0.26uF, the rated voltage of an outlet is 20kV, the transformation ratio of TV is 20kV/100V, the transformation ratio of a neutral point resistor cabinet is 20kV/500V, and the tap of a grounding resistor is 0.295 omega (the total resistance value is 0.852 omega).
Accident 1: the voltage of the phase A of the generator is 54.3V & lt 51.7 degrees, the voltage of the phase B is 57.7V & lt-78.5 degrees, and the voltage of the phase C is 64.6V & lt 169.6 degrees.
The accident 1 was analyzed by the method of the present invention.
The horizontal axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator is
The vertical axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator is
Zero sequence voltage vector U of generator 0 Angle N is
Because the generator C-phase voltage amplitude is greatest in accident 1, it can be determined that the ground fault phase is phase a.
The zero sequence voltage vector of the generator is advanced by an advance angle of A phase voltage vector
Δθ＝∠N-∠A＝187.03°-51.7°＝135.33°
Calculating a characteristic vector angle alpha of the generator:
according to DL/T684, 0.02uF can be obtained for each phase of ground capacitance of a low-voltage winding of a main transformer, 0.01uF can be obtained for each phase of ground capacitance of other equipment at a generator end including a closed bus and the like, and C is as follows ∑ ＝3×(0.27+0.14+0.26+0.02+0.01)＝2.1μF，
Then it is determined that the generator ground fault occurred outside the generator because Δθ < α.
The accident causes water leakage caused by the soft connection of the hydrogen cooler which is replaced during the operation of the unit after the spot inspection, and the water leakage falls on the generator outlet box to permeate into the box, so that insulating waves of the phase A of the generator are discharged to the ground.
The accident cause found by the field investigation is consistent with the positioning analysis of the ground fault by adopting the method.
Accident 2: the voltage of the phase A of the generator is 60.1V & lt-39 degrees, the voltage of the phase B is 53.5V & lt-160 degrees, and the voltage of the phase C is 58.1V & lt 74 degrees.
The accident 2 is analyzed by the method of the invention.
The horizontal axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator is
The vertical axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator is
Zero sequence voltage vector U of generator 0 Angle N is
Because the generator a-phase voltage amplitude is greatest in incident 2, the ground fault phase can be determined to be B-phase.
The zero sequence voltage vector of the generator is advanced by an advance angle of B-phase voltage vector
Δθ＝∠N-∠B＝-1.24°-(-160°)＝158.76°
Calculating a characteristic vector angle alpha of the generator:
according to DL/T684, 0.02uF can be obtained for each phase of ground capacitance of a low-voltage winding of a main transformer, 0.01uF can be obtained for each phase of ground capacitance of other equipment at a generator end including a closed bus and the like, and C is as follows ∑ ＝3×(0.27+0.14+0.26+0.02+0.01)＝2.1μF，
Then it is determined that a generator ground fault occurred inside the generator because Δθ > α.
Further, the method is adopted to determine the ratio of the number of windings of the position where the stator ground fault occurs from the generator end to the number of windings of the neutral point of the generator
The steam side water box of the upper-layer bar at the steam end 26 of the generator is seriously damaged through investigation on site, and the accident cause is consistent with the positioning analysis of the ground fault by adopting the method.
Claims (1)
1. The method for positioning the grounding fault of the generator stator is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) After the generator has a ground fault, the three-phase voltage vector U at the generator end is read from a fault recorder a ∠A、U b Angle B and U c ∠C；
2) Calculating zero sequence voltage vector U of generator 0 Angle N, as follows;
a) The first step of calculating the horizontal axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator as
b) The second step of calculating the vertical axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator as
c) Third step, calculating the amplitude U of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator 0 Is that
d) Fourth step, calculating the phase angle N of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator as
Calculation ofWhen U is 0x > 0, < ->When U is 0x < 0, let->
3) Comparing generator terminal three-phase voltage U a ∠A、U b Angle B and U c The amplitude of the angle C is found out, and the phase with the largest amplitude is determined to be the fault phase with the ground fault after the next phase with the largest amplitude is delayed on the phase sequence; if the amplitude of the A phase voltage in the three-phase voltage is the largest, determining the B phase as a fault phase with ground fault; if the amplitude of the B phase voltage in the three-phase voltage is the largest, determining the C phase as a fault phase with ground fault; if the amplitude of the C-phase voltage in the three-phase voltage is the largest, determining the A-phase as a fault phase with a ground fault;
4) Calculating zero sequence voltage vector U of generator 0 The angle N leads the lead angle delta theta of the phase voltage vector of the generator ground fault: if the ground fault phase of the generator is determined to be the A phase in the step 3), delta theta= < N- < A >;
if the generator ground fault phase is determined to be the B phase through the step 3), delta theta= < N- < B >;
if the ground fault phase of the generator is determined to be the C phase in the step 3), delta theta= < N- < C >;
5) Calculating a characteristic vector angle alpha of the generator:
wherein; ω is the frequency of the power frequency angle, ω=2×pi×f=100×pi; c (C) ∑ The sum of three-phase grounding capacitances of the generator stator and the machine end external element is adopted; r is R n The neutral point grounding resistor of the generator is converted into a resistance value of a primary side through a neutral point grounding transformer;
6) Comparing the magnitude of delta theta with alpha; if delta theta is smaller than alpha, judging that the generator ground fault occurs outside the generator, if delta theta is equal to alpha, judging that the generator ground fault occurs at the generator end, and if delta theta is larger than alpha, judging that the generator ground fault occurs inside the generator;
7) In the last step, if it is determined that the stator ground fault occurs in the generator, the ratio β of the number of windings of the stator ground fault from the generator end to the number of windings from the generator neutral point is further determined, and the determination method of the ratio β of the number of windings is as follows:
wherein U is Phase of failure The phase voltage amplitude for the generator ground fault phase determined by step 3).
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