CN112180290A - Generator stator ground fault positioning method - Google Patents

Generator stator ground fault positioning method Download PDF

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CN112180290A
CN112180290A CN202011057269.5A CN202011057269A CN112180290A CN 112180290 A CN112180290 A CN 112180290A CN 202011057269 A CN202011057269 A CN 202011057269A CN 112180290 A CN112180290 A CN 112180290A
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generator
phase
ground fault
fault
angle
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CN112180290B (en
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薛磊
孙钢虎
兀鹏越
王小辉
贺婷
马晋辉
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/04—Measuring peak values or amplitude or envelope of ac or of pulses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R25/00—Arrangements for measuring phase angle between a voltage and a current or between voltages or currents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines

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Abstract

The invention discloses a generator stator ground fault positioning method, which comprises the following steps: reading a three-phase voltage vector at the generator end from a fault recorder; calculating a zero sequence voltage vector of the generator; determining a fault phase; calculating the leading angle of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator leading the fault phase voltage vector; calculating a characteristic vector angle of the generator; when the lead angle is smaller than the characteristic vector angle, the ground fault occurs outside the generator; when the lead angle is equal to the characteristic vector angle, the ground fault occurs at the machine end; when the lead angle is greater than the characteristic vector angle, the ground fault is located inside the generator, and the ratio of the number of windings on the end of the ground fault to the number of windings from the neutral point of the generator can be calculated. The invention has the advantages that: the method does not need to measure the grounding transition resistance for positioning the generator stator grounding fault; the method of the invention needs less fault information for positioning the generator stator ground fault, and has the advantages of simpler calculation process, less calculation amount and easy field use.

Description

Generator stator ground fault positioning method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of relay protection of power plants, and particularly relates to a generator stator ground fault positioning method.
Background
The generator stator single-phase earth fault is a relatively common fault of the generator. If stator grounding occurs inside the generator, the stator grounding can be further developed into stator winding two-phase, three-phase grounding short circuit or turn-to-turn short circuit, so that the generator is seriously damaged, and therefore, the single-phase grounding protection of the stator winding of the generator is stopped after short delay of 0.3 s-1.0 s according to DL/T684-2012 'large generator transformer relay protection setting calculation guide rule'. However, in practice, many stator single-phase ground faults occur at the generator end and outside the generator, such as the generator enclosed bus is affected with damp, the insulation of the PT neutral point cable dedicated for inter-turn protection of the generator is damaged, and the support insulator of the generator enclosed bus is damaged.
The existing generator stator ground protection method still cannot distinguish whether the single-phase stator ground fault occurs inside or outside the generator, and no matter 100% stator ground protection consisting of fundamental zero-sequence voltage and 3-order harmonic voltage or injection type stator ground protection is adopted. When the grounding protection of the stator of the generator acts after the generator is shut down, the workers in the power plant need to disconnect the generator from the outside and check the insulation inside and outside the generator respectively, so that the workload is large and the shutdown time is long. If can fix a position generator stator single-phase earth fault, then can reduce work load greatly to can discover and get rid of earth fault in the short time, shorten the power off time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of positioning of the generator stator ground fault, and provides a generator stator ground fault positioning method.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a generator stator ground fault positioning method comprises the following steps:
1) after the generator has ground fault, reading a generator terminal three-phase voltage vector U from the fault recordera∠A、UbAngle B and Uc∠C；
2) Calculating zero sequence voltage vector U of generator0∠N；
3) Comparing three-phase voltage U at generator terminala∠A、UbAngle B and UcFinding out the phase with the maximum amplitude according to the amplitude of the angle C, and determining the next phase lagging behind the phase with the maximum amplitude on the phase sequence as a fault phase with a ground fault;
4) calculating zero sequence voltage vector U of generator0The angle N is ahead of the leading angle delta theta of the generator ground fault phase voltage vector:
5) calculating a characteristic vector angle alpha of the generator:
Figure BDA0002711185400000021
wherein; omega is power frequency angular frequency, omega is 2 multiplied by pi multiplied by f is 100 multiplied by pi; c∑The sum of three-phase earth capacitance of the generator stator and the external element at the generator end; rnConverting the neutral point grounding resistance of the generator to a primary side resistance value through a neutral point grounding transformer;
6) comparing the magnitude of delta theta and alpha;
7) in the last step, if the generator stator ground fault is judged to occur in the generator, the ratio beta of the number of windings at the end of the generator from the position where the stator ground fault occurs to the number of windings at the neutral point of the generator is further determined.
A further development of the invention is that in step 2), the zero sequence voltage vector U of the generator is calculated by the following method0∠N：
a) The first step is to calculate the transverse axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator as
Figure BDA0002711185400000022
b) The second step calculates the longitudinal axis component of the generator zero sequence voltage vector as
Figure BDA0002711185400000023
c) Thirdly, calculating the amplitude U of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator0Is composed of
Figure BDA0002711185400000024
d) The fourth step is to calculate the phase angle N of the generator zero sequence voltage vector as
Computing
Figure BDA0002711185400000031
When U is turned0xIs greater than 0, order
Figure BDA0002711185400000032
When U is turned0x< 0, order
Figure BDA0002711185400000033
The further improvement of the invention is that in the step 3), if the amplitude of the phase voltage A in the three-phase voltage is the maximum, the phase B is determined to be a fault phase with a ground fault; if the amplitude of the phase B voltage in the three-phase voltage is the maximum, determining the phase C as a fault phase with a ground fault; and if the amplitude of the phase voltage C in the three-phase voltage is maximum, determining that the phase A is a fault phase with the ground fault.
The further improvement of the invention is that in the step 4), if the generator ground fault phase is determined to be the phase A through the step 3), the phase delta theta is equal to the phase N-A;
if the generator ground fault phase is determined to be the B phase through the step 3), then delta theta is equal to < N < - > to < B >;
and if the generator ground fault phase is determined to be the C phase through the step 3), then delta theta is equal to < N < - > C.
The further improvement of the invention is that in step 6), if delta theta is smaller than alpha, the generator ground fault is judged to occur outside the generator, if delta theta is equal to alpha, the generator ground fault is judged to occur at the generator end, and if delta theta is larger than alpha, the generator ground fault is judged to occur inside the generator.
A further development of the invention is that, in step 7), the method for determining the ratio β of the number of windings is as follows:
Figure BDA0002711185400000034
wherein, UPhase of failureThe phase voltage amplitude of the generator ground fault phase determined by step 3).
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the method does not need to measure the grounding transition resistance for positioning the grounding fault of the generator stator, so that the method is applicable to a wide range of units, is suitable for a plurality of units without injection type stator grounding protection and is also suitable for a generator set with ungrounded neutral point. Although the document of the positioning method of the single-phase earth fault of the stator winding of the generator (Biqiang) proposes a fault positioning method, the method only aims at the generator set of which the neutral point is grounded through a distribution transformer in a high resistance mode, and the transition resistance of the earth fault needs to be measured through the additional 20Hz power stator single-phase earth protection, so the application range is relatively limited.
2. The method obtains the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator through calculation, and does not adopt a method of directly reading the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator through a fault recorder, so that firstly, calculation errors caused by inconsistent transformation ratio of a secondary side resistance tap of a neutral point grounding transformer of the generator and a generator terminal PT can be avoided, and secondly, calculation inaccuracy caused by the fact that the zero sequence voltage measured by the fault recorder contains third harmonic component can be avoided.
3. The method of the invention needs less fault information for positioning the generator stator ground fault, only needs to read the generator terminal three-phase voltage vector containing the three-phase voltage amplitude and the phase angle after the generator stator ground fault from the fault recorder, has simpler calculation process and less calculation amount, and is easy to use on site.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for locating a ground fault of a generator stator provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) after the generator has ground fault, reading a generator terminal three-phase voltage vector U from the fault recordera∠A、UbAngle B and Uc∠C。
2) The zero sequence voltage vector U of the generator is calculated by the following method0∠N：
a) The first step is to calculate the transverse axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator as
Figure BDA0002711185400000041
b) The second step calculates the longitudinal axis component of the generator zero sequence voltage vector as
Figure BDA0002711185400000042
c) Thirdly, calculating the amplitude U of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator0Is composed of
Figure BDA0002711185400000043
d) The fourth step is to calculate the phase angle N of the generator zero sequence voltage vector as
Computing
Figure BDA0002711185400000051
When U is turned0xIs greater than 0, order
Figure BDA0002711185400000052
When U is turned0x< 0, order
Figure BDA0002711185400000053
3) Comparing three-phase voltage U at generator terminala∠A、UbAngle B and UcThe amplitude of the angle C is found, and the phase with the maximum amplitude is found out, so that the next phase lagging behind the phase with the maximum amplitude in the phase sequence can be determined as a fault phase with the ground fault, namely the amplitude of the phase voltage A in the three-phase voltage is the maximum, and the phase B can be determined as the fault phase with the ground fault; if the amplitude of the phase B voltage in the three-phase voltage is the maximum, the phase C can be determined as a fault phase with a ground fault; and if the amplitude of the phase C voltage in the three-phase voltage is the maximum, the phase A can be determined as the fault phase with the ground fault.
4) Calculating zero sequence voltage vector U of generator0The angle N is ahead of the leading angle delta theta of the generator ground fault phase voltage vector:
if the generator ground fault phase is determined to be the phase A through the step 3), then delta theta is equal to the phase N-A;
if the generator ground fault phase is determined to be the B phase through the step 3), then delta theta is equal to < N < - > to < B >;
and if the generator ground fault phase is determined to be the C phase through the step 3), then delta theta is equal to < N < - > C.
5) Calculating a characteristic vector angle alpha of the generator:
Figure BDA0002711185400000054
wherein; omega is power frequency angular frequency, omega is 2 multiplied by pi multiplied by f is 100 multiplied by pi; c∑The sum of three-phase earth capacitance of the generator stator and the external element at the generator end; rnThe neutral point grounding resistor of the generator is converted into a primary side resistance value through a neutral point grounding transformer.
6) Comparing the magnitude of Δ θ and α: and if delta theta is smaller than alpha, judging that the generator ground fault occurs outside the generator, if delta theta is equal to alpha, judging that the generator ground fault occurs at the generator end, and if delta theta is larger than alpha, judging that the generator ground fault occurs inside the generator.
7) In the last step, if it is determined that the generator stator ground fault occurs inside the generator, the ratio β between the number of windings at the end of the generator and the number of windings at the neutral point of the generator at the position where the stator ground fault occurs may be further determined, and the determination method is as follows:
Figure BDA0002711185400000055
wherein, UPhase of failureThe phase voltage amplitude of the generator ground fault phase determined by step 3) of the method of the invention.
Example (b):
the generator grounding accident case provided in the article "comparative analysis of multiple stator grounding protection accidents of the same unit" (Huangdao Peng et al) is taken as an embodiment of the present invention.
The relevant parameters of the unit are as follows: the capacity of the generator is 630MW, the relative ground capacity is 0.27uF, the ground capacity of a generator outlet circuit breaker system (GCB) on the generator side is 0.14uF, the ground capacity of the GCB on the system side is 0.26uF, the outlet rated voltage is 20kV, the TV transformation ratio is 20kV/100V, the transformation ratio of a neutral point resistor cabinet is 20kV/500V, and a grounding resistor tap is selected to be 0.295 omega (the total resistance is 0.852 omega).
Accident 1: the phase voltage of the generator A is 54.3V < 51.7 degrees, the phase voltage of the generator B is 57.7V < 78.5 degrees, and the phase voltage of the generator C is 64.6V < 169.6 degrees.
The accident 1 is analyzed by the method of the invention.
The transverse axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator is
Figure BDA0002711185400000061
The longitudinal axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator is
Figure BDA0002711185400000062
Zero sequence voltage vector U of generator0Is less than N
Figure BDA0002711185400000063
Figure BDA0002711185400000064
Since the amplitude of the generator C-phase voltage is the largest in the event 1, the ground fault phase can be determined to be the a-phase.
Therefore, the lead angle of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator leading the A phase voltage vector is
Δθ＝∠N-∠A＝187.03°-51.7°＝135.33°
Calculating a characteristic vector angle alpha of the generator:
Figure BDA0002711185400000065
according to DL/T684 Relay protection setting calculation guide rule of transformer of large-scale generator, the capacitance of each phase to ground of low-voltage winding of main transformer can be 0.02uF, and the capacitance of each phase to ground of other equipment at generator end including closed bus can be 0.01uF, then C∑＝3×(0.27+0.14+0.26+0.02+0.01)＝2.1μF，
Figure BDA0002711185400000071
Then it is determined that a generator ground fault occurs outside the generator because Δ θ < α.
The accident reason is that water leakage caused by replacing the flexible connection of the hydrogen cooler during the running of the unit falls on the generator outlet box and permeates into the box, so that the A phase of the generator generates insulation ripple to discharge to the ground.
The accident reason found by field investigation is consistent with the positioning analysis of the grounding fault by adopting the method.
Accident 2: the phase voltage of the generator A is 60.1V-39 degrees, the phase voltage of the generator B is 53.5V-160 degrees, and the phase voltage of the generator C is 58.1V-74 degrees.
The accident 2 is analyzed by the method of the invention.
The transverse axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator is
Figure BDA0002711185400000072
The longitudinal axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator is
Figure BDA0002711185400000073
Zero sequence voltage vector U of generator0Is less than N
Figure BDA0002711185400000074
Figure BDA0002711185400000075
Since the generator a-phase voltage amplitude is the largest in incident 2, the ground fault phase can be determined to be the B-phase.
Therefore, the lead angle of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator leading the B phase voltage vector is
Δθ＝∠N-∠B＝-1.24°-(-160°)＝158.76°
Calculating a characteristic vector angle alpha of the generator:
Figure BDA0002711185400000081
according to DL/T684 Relay protection setting calculation guide rule of transformer of large-scale generator, the capacitance of each phase to ground of low-voltage winding of main transformer can be 0.02uF, and the capacitance of each phase to ground of other equipment at generator end including closed bus can be 0.01uF, then C∑＝3×(0.27+0.14+0.26+0.02+0.01)＝2.1μF，
Figure BDA0002711185400000082
Then the generator ground fault is judged to occur inside the generator because delta theta is larger than alpha.
Further, the method is used to determine the ratio of the number of windings at the generator end from the location of the stator ground fault to the number of windings at the generator neutral point
Figure BDA0002711185400000083
On-site investigation shows that the steam side water box of the upper-layer line rod No. 26 at the steam end of the generator is seriously damaged, and the accident reason is consistent with the positioning analysis of the method for the ground fault.

Claims (6)

1. A generator stator ground fault positioning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) after the generator has ground fault, reading a generator terminal three-phase voltage vector U from the fault recordera∠A、UbAngle B and Uc∠C；
2) Calculating zero sequence voltage vector U of generator0∠N；
3) Comparing three-phase voltage U at generator terminala∠A、UbAngle B and UcFinding out the phase with the maximum amplitude according to the amplitude of the angle C, and determining the next phase lagging behind the phase with the maximum amplitude on the phase sequence as a fault phase with a ground fault;
4) calculating zero sequence voltage vector U of generator0The angle N is ahead of the leading angle delta theta of the generator ground fault phase voltage vector:
5) calculating a characteristic vector angle alpha of the generator:
Figure FDA0002711185390000011
wherein; omega is power frequency angular frequency, omega is 2 multiplied by pi multiplied by f is 100 multiplied by pi; c∑For generator stator and external element at generator endThe sum of the three-phase to ground capacitances of (a); rnConverting the neutral point grounding resistance of the generator to a primary side resistance value through a neutral point grounding transformer;
6) comparing the magnitude of delta theta and alpha;
7) in the last step, if the generator stator ground fault is judged to occur in the generator, the ratio beta of the number of windings at the end of the generator from the position where the stator ground fault occurs to the number of windings at the neutral point of the generator is further determined.
2. The generator stator ground fault location method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the zero sequence voltage vector U of the generator is calculated by the following method0∠N：
a) The first step is to calculate the transverse axis component of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator as
Figure FDA0002711185390000012
b) The second step calculates the longitudinal axis component of the generator zero sequence voltage vector as
Figure FDA0002711185390000013
c) Thirdly, calculating the amplitude U of the zero sequence voltage vector of the generator0Is composed of
Figure FDA0002711185390000014
d) The fourth step is to calculate the phase angle N of the generator zero sequence voltage vector as
Computing
Figure FDA0002711185390000021
When U is turned0xIs greater than 0, order
Figure FDA0002711185390000022
When U is turned0x< 0, order
Figure FDA0002711185390000023
3. The generator stator ground fault positioning method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step 3), if the amplitude of the phase A voltage in the three-phase voltage is the largest, the phase B is determined to be a fault phase with a ground fault; if the amplitude of the phase B voltage in the three-phase voltage is the maximum, determining the phase C as a fault phase with a ground fault; and if the amplitude of the phase voltage C in the three-phase voltage is maximum, determining that the phase A is a fault phase with the ground fault.
4. The generator stator ground fault positioning method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step 4), if the generator ground fault phase is determined to be the phase A through step 3), Δ θ ═ N- < A;
if the generator ground fault phase is determined to be the B phase through the step 3), then delta theta is equal to < N < - > to < B >;
and if the generator ground fault phase is determined to be the C phase through the step 3), then delta theta is equal to < N < - > C.
5. The generator stator ground fault location method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step 6), if Δ θ is smaller than α, it is determined that the generator ground fault occurs outside the generator, if Δ θ is equal to α, it is determined that the generator ground fault occurs at the generator end, and if Δ θ is larger than α, it is determined that the generator ground fault occurs inside the generator.
6. The generator stator ground fault location method according to claim 5, wherein in step 7), the determination method of the ratio β of the number of windings is as follows:
Figure FDA0002711185390000024
wherein, UPhase of failureThe phase voltage amplitude of the generator ground fault phase determined by step 3).
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