CN112179827A - Road construction quality detection device - Google Patents
Road construction quality detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112179827A CN112179827A CN202011116521.5A CN202011116521A CN112179827A CN 112179827 A CN112179827 A CN 112179827A CN 202011116521 A CN202011116521 A CN 202011116521A CN 112179827 A CN112179827 A CN 112179827A
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- liquid storage
- storage cylinder
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- detection device
- road construction
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Level Indicators Using A Float (AREA)
Abstract
A road construction quality detection device aims to solve the problems that the operation of the device water seepage coefficient detection process in the prior art is more complicated, detection errors are easy to generate, and the judgment of the road surface quality is deviated; the technical scheme for solving the technical problem comprises a base, wherein a sealing ring is arranged on the lower end face of the base, a liquid storage cylinder is fixed at the upper end of the base, a conical cylinder is arranged in the base, a liquid seepage hole is formed in the bottom wall of the conical cylinder, and the upper end of the conical cylinder is communicated with the liquid storage cylinder through a liquid outlet pipe; the liquid storage cylinder is provided with a supporting plate extending upwards along the side wall of the liquid storage cylinder, the supporting plate is provided with an identification component capable of moving upwards and downwards along the supporting plate, a buoyancy air bag is arranged in the liquid storage cylinder and fixedly connected with the identification component through a connecting rod, a first spring is connected between the lower part of the buoyancy air bag and the bottom wall of the liquid storage cylinder, and the supporting plate is provided with scales distributed up and down; the invention is convenient to use, and can reduce the operation amount and improve the detection accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of road detection, and particularly relates to a road construction quality detection device.
Background
In the road construction field, often need in time detect the quality of road, it is very multiple to the detection index of road surface pouring quality, such as flatness, compactness and infiltration degree etc, bituminous paving is at the laying process, one of them basic point can seal the infiltration of rainwater, guarantee the quality on road surface, the road surface inner structure fragile who avoids rainwater infiltration to arouse, consequently need in time carry out the detection of infiltration coefficient to the road surface after the construction, and in time discover the problem, repair.
In the existing water permeability detection process of a road surface, a region is required to be closed after a dry road surface is cleaned, a water permeability experiment is carried out in the region, generally 5-6 detection points are required to be detected in a road section region, in the detection process, water is injected into the closed region, the permeability of the water in a certain time is observed, and then the permeability coefficient is judged, in the specific operation process, an operator needs to record the change of the water level in a detection pipe at regular time, generally, in the detection process, the recording is carried out once every one minute or so and 3-4 times, the operator needs to carry out timing and pay attention to the liquid level value of the detection pipe all the time, in the actual detection process, after multiple working, the recording dislocation often occurs, or the interval time is insufficient, even some operators need to save labor, the recording times, the data compiling and the like are directly reduced, which is very imprecise for the detection of the road surface.
Aiming at the problems that the operation is more complicated and the water seepage coefficient judgment error is possibly caused in the existing water seepage detection process, and the road surface quality judgment error is generated, the water seepage coefficient detection device capable of automatically recording the liquid level and automatically timing is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a road construction quality detection device, which aims to solve the problems that the operation of the device water seepage coefficient detection process in the prior art is more complicated, the detection error is easy to generate, and the judgment of the road surface quality is deviated.
The invention provides a road construction quality detection device, which adopts the technical scheme that the road construction quality detection device comprises a cylindrical base, wherein the base is of a structure with an opening at the lower end and a closed upper end, a sealing ring is arranged on the lower end surface of the base, a liquid storage cylinder coaxial with the base is fixed at the upper end of the base, a conical cylinder with the lower part larger than the upper part is arranged in the base, a plurality of liquid seepage holes uniformly distributed are formed in the bottom wall of the conical cylinder, and the upper end of the conical cylinder is communicated with the liquid storage cylinder through a liquid outlet pipe; the utility model discloses a liquid storage tank, including a liquid storage tank, a support plate, a buoyancy gasbag, a first spring, a second spring, a support plate, a buoyancy gasbag, a connecting rod, an identification subassembly, a bottom wall, a support plate, a supporting plate and a control device are arranged on the support plate, the support plate upwards extends along the side wall of the liquid storage tank, the identification subassembly capable of moving up and.
Preferably, the lateral wall of base on be equipped with the pressure disk, pressure disk and base between be sliding connection, the lower terminal surface of pressure disk is higher than terminal surface under the base.
Preferably, the backup pad be with the arc of liquid storage cylinder lateral wall profile modeling, the sign subassembly is including cup jointing the mount in the backup pad, the mount on be equipped with the movable block of arranging backup pad extrados one side in, the movable block on be equipped with gliding sign head of intermittent type, the sign head slide can with the lateral wall contact of backup pad for do the sign on the lateral wall of backup pad.
Preferably, the movable block on be equipped with timing thrust subassembly, timing thrust subassembly can intermittently promote the slip of marking head, the marking head passes through the spout to be installed in the movable block, be connected with the second spring between the diapire of marking head and spout.
Preferably, the liquid storage cylinder is provided with a valve body, and the valve body is arranged at a position close to the upper end face of the base.
Preferably, the upper end face of base be equipped with control button, be equipped with the trigger lever on the valve body, the valve body open the time accessible trigger lever press control button, control button be used for controlling the action of stretching out of timing thrust subassembly.
Preferably, the lower part of the fixed block is provided with a cleaning brush, and the cleaning brush is in contact with the outer side wall of the supporting plate.
Preferably, the buoyancy air bag is of a cylinder structure, two ends of the buoyancy air bag are respectively provided with a sliding block, and the sliding blocks are clamped on the inner side wall of the liquid storage cylinder.
Preferably, the sign subassembly still includes the balancing weight, balancing weight slidable mounting on the inside wall of backup pad, the upper end of backup pad is equipped with the fixed pulley, the balancing weight connect in the movable block after passing around the fixed pulley.
Preferably, the diameter of the liquid outlet pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the liquid storage cylinder, a liquid filling opening is formed in the side wall of the liquid storage cylinder, and the liquid storage cylinder is made of transparent materials.
When the liquid level gauge is used specifically, the buoyancy air bag in the liquid storage cylinder and the identification component connected with the buoyancy air bag are designed, the buoyancy air bag is combined with the structure of the first spring to drive the identification component and the buoyancy air bag to move up and down synchronously in the process of descending the liquid level in the liquid storage cylinder, the change of the liquid level in the liquid storage cylinder is sensed at any time, the timing pushing structure is added on the identification component, identification at different positions can be performed at regular time according to the change of the liquid level, and the complexity that an operator needs to time and observe the liquid level value in the working process is effectively reduced.
In summary, the technical scheme of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
1. the problems that operators need to observe the liquid level value and record in the primary detection process and possible recording errors are solved;
2. the trouble that the operator needs to time in the working process is reduced;
3. the structural design of the marking assembly with the liquid level value and the time corresponding to each other is convenient and accurate by moving synchronously with the liquid level change of the liquid storage cylinder;
4. the liquid level change is sensed by utilizing the effect of the buoyancy of the liquid on the buoyancy air bag, and the structure is ingenious;
5. the seepage holes formed in the conical barrel can effectively increase the covering of the liquid outlet surface on the closed area and control the liquid outlet speed;
6. the control button controlled by opening and closing of the valve body is adopted to control the timing pushing assembly to control the action of the identification head, so that the working process and the detection process are kept unified.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the connection portion of the floating airbag and the liquid storage cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the interior cone portion of the base of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the upper portion of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the portion of the label assembly of FIG. 5 in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 7 is a side view of a portion of the support plate of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As can be seen from fig. 1-7, the invention provides a road construction quality detection device, which comprises a cylindrical base 1, wherein the base 1 is of a structure with an opening at the lower end and a closed upper end, a sealing ring 2 is arranged on the lower end face of the base 1, when the device works, the base 1 is placed on a cleaned road surface to be detected, a liquid sealant is coated on the sealing ring 2 to assist in forming a sealing area to be detected, a pressure plate 11 is arranged on the outer side wall of the base 1, the pressure plate 11 serves as a pressure component, the effect of pressurizing the sealing area of the base 1 is achieved, and a better sealing effect can be ensured; the lower end surface of the pressure plate 11 is higher than the lower end surface of the base 1, so that the weight of the pressure plate 11 can be completely applied to the base 1; a liquid storage cylinder 3 which is coaxial with the base 1 is fixed at the upper end of the base 1, the liquid storage cylinder 3 is used for storing water liquid used in the detection process, generally, in order to observe more clearly, pigment is added into the water liquid, so that the water liquid has more striking color and is convenient to observe; a conical barrel 4 with the lower part larger than the upper part is arranged in the base 1, a plurality of uniformly distributed liquid seepage holes 5 are formed in the bottom wall of the conical barrel 4, and the upper end of the conical barrel 4 is communicated with the liquid storage barrel 3 through a liquid outlet pipe 6; the water liquid in the liquid storage cylinder 3 enters the conical cylinder 4 through the liquid outlet pipe 6 and flows into a closed space formed by the base 1 and the ground through the liquid seepage hole 5 on the conical cylinder 4 to carry out a pavement permeability detection test; the structure that the conical barrel 4 is small at the upper part and big at the lower part can cover the whole sealed area, so that the detection effect is more uniform and accurate, the seepage hole 5 can control the flow velocity of water liquid, and the detection error caused by the rapid seepage of the water liquid is avoided; the liquid storage cylinder 3 is provided with a supporting plate 7 extending upwards along the side wall of the liquid storage cylinder 3, the supporting plate 7 is provided with a mark assembly capable of moving up and down along the supporting plate 7, the liquid storage cylinder 3 is internally provided with a buoyancy air bag 8, the buoyancy air bag 8 is fixedly connected with the mark assembly through a connecting rod, a first spring 9 is connected between the lower part of the buoyancy air bag 8 and the bottom wall of the liquid storage cylinder 3, the mark assembly can sense the liquid level change in the liquid storage cylinder 3 at any time through the structure that the buoyancy air bag 8 and the mark assembly are connected into a whole, so that the mark is more accurate and effective, and the supporting plate 7 is provided with scales 10 distributed up and; the mark of scale 10 marks according to the liquid level variation value in the liquid storage barrel 3, need consider the difference of the buoyancy gasbag 8 immersion depth that the elastic force effect of first spring 10 arouses at the mark in-process, scale 10 be in the past through the experiment carry out correspond mark can, only need observe the scale value during the later stage use can.
One embodiment of the present invention relating to the identification component is; as shown in fig. 6; the support plate 7 is an arc-shaped plate which is profiled with the side wall of the liquid storage cylinder 3, the identification component comprises a fixed frame 12 which is sleeved on the support plate 7, a movable block 13 which is arranged on one side of the outer arc surface of the support plate 7 is arranged on the fixed frame 12, an identification head 14 which can intermittently slide is arranged on the movable block 13, and the identification head 14 can slide to contact with the outer side wall of the support plate 7 and is used for making identification on the outer side wall of the support plate 7; the movable plate 13 is sleeved on the support plate 7 through the fixed frame 12, the circumferential limit of the identification component can be well realized through the arc-shaped structure of the support plate, and a sliding groove guide rail structure is not required to be designed; in addition, a timing thrust assembly 15 is arranged on the movable block 13, the timing thrust assembly 15 can intermittently push the marking head 14 to slide, the marking head 14 is arranged in the movable block 13 through a sliding groove, and a second spring 16 is connected between the marking head 14 and the bottom wall of the sliding groove; timing thrust subassembly 15 can be telescopic cylinder, also can be the driving piece that adopts motor control, timing thrust subassembly 15 between adjacent twice the interval the same time can, realize that the promotion sign head of timing intermittent type marks the lateral wall of backup pad 7, avoided operating personnel oneself timing and the vertical loaded down with trivial details nature of naked eye observation liquid level record.
The above-mentioned action of the timed pusher assembly 15 is controlled by the valve body 17 in combination with the control knob 19; specifically, when valve body 17 seals, liquid storage cylinder 3 and a toper section of thick bamboo 4 do not communicate, and timing thrust subassembly 15 does not circular telegram this moment, can not produce the action, opens the back when valve body 17, through the control button 19 of 18 trigger lever, and liquid storage cylinder 3 and a toper section of thick bamboo 4 intercommunication this moment, timing thrust subassembly 15 circular telegram carries out the timing intermittent type action, and then promotes identification head 14 and carries out the intermittent type sign action.
In order to make the effect of the identification more prominent; the lower part of the fixed frame 12 is provided with a cleaning brush 24, as shown in fig. 6; cleaning brush 24 and the lateral wall contact of backup pad 7, cleaning brush 24 can carry out twice clearance to the last sign in backup pad 7 before the sign with the sign after, guarantee that next work is not influenced.
The buoyancy air bag 8 is of a cylindrical structure, and two ends of the buoyancy air bag 8 are respectively provided with a sliding block 20, as shown in fig. 3; the slider 20 joint on the inside wall of liquid storage cylinder 3, this kind of structure can guarantee to improve buoyancy gasbag 8 motion under buoyancy and the effect of first spring 9 elasticity more stable.
One preferred embodiment of the present invention is; the identification component further comprises a balancing weight 21, the balancing weight 21 is slidably mounted on the inner side wall of the supporting plate 7, a fixed pulley 22 is arranged at the upper end of the supporting plate 7, and the balancing weight 21 is connected with the movable block 13 after passing around the fixed pulley 22; the design of balancing weight 21 makes the sign subassembly provide very little power through the buoyancy gasbag and just can drive when reciprocating, avoids the unable problem of driving the sign subassembly of buoyancy and the elasticity of first spring 9.
The diameter of the liquid outlet pipe 6 is smaller than the inner diameter of the liquid storage cylinder 3, the side wall of the liquid storage cylinder 3 is provided with a liquid adding opening 23, and the liquid storage cylinder 3 is made of transparent materials.
When the liquid level gauge is used specifically, the buoyancy air bag in the liquid storage cylinder and the identification component connected with the buoyancy air bag are designed, the buoyancy air bag is combined with the structure of the first spring to drive the identification component and the buoyancy air bag to move up and down synchronously in the process of descending the liquid level in the liquid storage cylinder, the change of the liquid level in the liquid storage cylinder is sensed at any time, the timing pushing structure is added on the identification component, identification at different positions can be performed at regular time according to the change of the liquid level, and the complexity that an operator needs to time and observe the liquid level value in the working process is effectively reduced.
Claims (10)
1. The road construction quality detection device is characterized by comprising a cylindrical base (1), wherein the base (1) is of a structure with an opening at the lower end and a closed upper end, a sealing ring (2) is arranged on the lower end face of the base (1), a liquid storage cylinder (3) coaxial with the base (1) is fixed at the upper end of the base (1), a conical cylinder (4) with the lower part larger than the upper part is arranged in the base (1), a plurality of uniformly distributed liquid seepage holes (5) are formed in the bottom wall of the conical cylinder (4), and the upper end of the conical cylinder (4) is communicated with the liquid storage cylinder (3) through a liquid outlet pipe (6); the utility model discloses a buoyancy gasbag, including liquid storage cylinder (3), backup pad (7) that are equipped with of liquid storage cylinder (3) and upwards extend along liquid storage cylinder (3) lateral wall installs the sign subassembly that can follow backup pad (7) and reciprocate on backup pad (7), liquid storage cylinder (3) in be equipped with buoyancy gasbag (8), buoyancy gasbag (8) through connecting rod and sign subassembly fixed connection, be connected with first spring (9) between the lower part of buoyancy gasbag (8) and the diapire of liquid storage cylinder (3), backup pad (7) on be equipped with scale (10) that distribute from top to bottom.
2. The road construction quality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that a pressure plate (11) is arranged on the outer side wall of the base (1), the pressure plate (11) is in sliding connection with the base (1), and the lower end surface of the pressure plate (11) is higher than the lower end surface of the base (1).
3. The road construction quality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting plate (7) is an arc-shaped plate copying with the side wall of the liquid storage cylinder (3), the identification component comprises a fixed frame (12) sleeved on the supporting plate (7), a movable block (13) arranged on one side of the outer arc surface of the supporting plate (7) is arranged on the fixed frame (12), an identification head (14) capable of intermittently sliding is arranged on the movable block (13), and the identification head (14) can slide to be in contact with the outer side wall of the supporting plate (7) and is used for making identification on the outer side wall of the supporting plate (7).
4. The road construction quality detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that a timing thrust assembly (15) is arranged on the movable block (13), the timing thrust assembly (15) can intermittently push the marking head (14) to slide, the marking head (14) is installed in the movable block (13) through a chute, and a second spring (16) is connected between the marking head (14) and the bottom wall of the chute.
5. The road construction quality detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that the liquid storage cylinder (3) is provided with a valve body (17), and the valve body (17) is arranged at a position close to the upper end surface of the base (1).
6. The road construction quality detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that the upper end surface of the base (1) is provided with a control button (19), the valve body (17) is provided with a trigger rod (18), the control button (19) can be pressed through the trigger rod (18) when the valve body (17) is opened, and the control button (19) is used for controlling the extending action of the timing thrust assembly (15).
7. The road construction quality detection device according to claim 3, wherein a cleaning brush (24) is arranged at the lower part of the fixing block, and the cleaning brush (24) is contacted with the outer side wall of the support plate (7).
8. The road construction quality detection device according to claim 1, wherein the buoyancy air bag (8) is of a cylindrical structure, two ends of the buoyancy air bag (8) are respectively provided with a sliding block (20), and the sliding blocks (20) are clamped on the inner side wall of the liquid storage cylinder (3).
9. The road construction quality detection device according to claim 3, wherein the identification component further comprises a counterweight (21), the counterweight (21) is slidably mounted on the inner side wall of the support plate (7), a fixed pulley (22) is arranged at the upper end of the support plate (7), and the counterweight (21) is connected with the movable block (13) after passing around the fixed pulley (22).
10. The road construction quality detection device according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the diameter of the liquid outlet pipe (6) is smaller than the inner diameter of the liquid storage cylinder (3), a liquid filling port (23) is formed in the side wall of the liquid storage cylinder (3), and the liquid storage cylinder (3) is made of a transparent material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011116521.5A CN112179827A (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2020-10-19 | Road construction quality detection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011116521.5A CN112179827A (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2020-10-19 | Road construction quality detection device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112179827A true CN112179827A (en) | 2021-01-05 |
Family
ID=73950820
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011116521.5A Withdrawn CN112179827A (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2020-10-19 | Road construction quality detection device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112179827A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114544465A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳市中航环海建设工程有限公司 | Road construction quality detection device |
| CN116420585A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-07-14 | 西藏自治区高原生物研究所 | Ecological environment-friendly orchid culture medium preparation auxiliary device |
-
2020
- 2020-10-19 CN CN202011116521.5A patent/CN112179827A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114544465A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳市中航环海建设工程有限公司 | Road construction quality detection device |
| CN114544465B (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-29 | 深圳市中航环海建设工程有限公司 | Road construction quality detection device |
| CN116420585A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-07-14 | 西藏自治区高原生物研究所 | Ecological environment-friendly orchid culture medium preparation auxiliary device |
| CN116420585B (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-09-15 | 西藏自治区高原生物研究所 | Ecological environment-friendly orchid culture medium preparation auxiliary device |
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Application publication date: 20210105 |
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| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |