CN112179128A - Continuous vacuum sintering furnace - Google Patents
Continuous vacuum sintering furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN112179128A CN112179128A CN202011080837.3A CN202011080837A CN112179128A CN 112179128 A CN112179128 A CN 112179128A CN 202011080837 A CN202011080837 A CN 202011080837A CN 112179128 A CN112179128 A CN 112179128A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
- F27B9/042—Vacuum furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
- F27B9/26—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on or in trucks, sleds, or containers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B9/40—Arrangements of controlling or monitoring devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
- F27B2009/124—Cooling
- F27B2009/126—Cooling involving the circulation of cooling gases, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B2009/305—Particular conformation of the furnace
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
- F27M2003/04—Sintering
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of sintering furnaces, and particularly relates to a continuous vacuum sintering furnace which comprises a vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber, a sintering chamber with a plurality of temperature areas and an air cooling chamber which are sequentially communicated, wherein a gate valve is arranged at one end of the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber and one end of the air cooling chamber; three independent spaces are respectively formed in the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber, the sintering chamber with a plurality of temperature areas and the air cooling chamber through the gate valve; the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber, the sintering chamber and the air cooling chamber are communicated with a vacuum unit and are provided with guide rails; the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber is internally provided with a material pushing oil cylinder, a preparation chamber bracket and a sintering material rack; tray heat insulation plugs are arranged on two end sides of the sintering material frame. Because the sintering chamber is not partitioned, a vacuum unit is used for public use, and the sintering chamber is not provided with a conveying mechanism, the integral complexity is greatly reduced, and the cost is reduced. The heating bodies are arranged on the periphery and the center of the sintering chamber, so that the heat transfer distance is shortened by one time, the temperature uniformity is accelerated, and the sintering time is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sintering furnaces, and particularly relates to a continuous vacuum sintering furnace.
Background
The continuous sintering furnaces in the prior art are all multi-chamber internal heating type, and some continuous sintering furnaces have more than ten chambers. Its advantage does: energy conservation, high efficiency and stable product; however, these have limited the use of continuous furnaces due to their complex construction, high failure rates and high cost. In fact, more than 85% of the current market still use single chamber vacuum sintering furnaces. The single-chamber vacuum sintering furnace has the advantages of moderate price and the disadvantages of: the energy consumption is large, the operation is complex, and the manpower is more. Because of adopting the internal heating type, the heat insulation material can absorb the moisture in the air when opening the furnace door, thereby polluting the furnace body.
Patent CN201210445514.9 discloses a continuous sintering device for rare earth permanent magnet alloy, which adopts a multi-chamber structure, and completes heating degassing, sintering and cooling treatment in different chambers. The preparation box, glove box and tunnel transfer seal box are bottom roller drives. The multi-chamber continuous sintering furnace is expensive, and because a conveying mechanism and a gate valve partition are needed in each chamber, the whole structure is complex, the reliability is low, and the maintenance cost is high.
Patent CN20181141365.7 discloses an external heating type continuous sintering furnace, which solves the above problems, but at the same time, the following problems occur: 1. only products below 1050 ℃ can be sintered, and the heat-resistant steel on the market can only reliably work at the temperature. 2. The diameter of the furnace pipe is difficult to exceed 500 mm. It is not adequate for higher temperature, larger furnaces.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem, the invention provides a continuous vacuum sintering furnace which adopts a multi-chamber multi-temperature-section structure, cancels the traditional gate valve partition, adopts a tray heat insulation plug fixed on a sintering material rack to isolate a temperature area, simplifies the structure, improves the reliability and reduces the cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a continuous vacuum sintering furnace comprises a vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber, a sintering chamber with a plurality of temperature areas and an air cooling chamber which are sequentially communicated, wherein a gate valve is arranged at one end of the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber and one end of the air cooling chamber; three independent spaces are respectively formed in the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber, the sintering chamber with a plurality of temperature areas and the air cooling chamber through the gate valve;
the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber, the sintering chamber and the air cooling chamber are communicated with a vacuum unit;
guide rails are arranged in the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber, the sintering chamber and the air cooling chamber;
the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber is internally provided with a material pushing oil cylinder, a preparation chamber bracket and a sintering material rack; a guide rail in the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber is arranged on the preparation chamber bracket; the sintering material rack is arranged on a guide rail of the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber and is connected with the material pushing oil cylinder; and under the action of the material pushing oil cylinder, the sintering material rack moves along the guide rail.
Tray heat insulation plugs are arranged at two end sides of the sintering material frame; the tray heat insulation plug is provided with a plurality of heat resistance blocking pieces, and the heat resistance blocking pieces are arranged in a stacked mode from top to bottom to form a structure similar to a shutter; the heat-resistant baffle is made of heat-resistant materials.
The preparation chamber bracket in the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber is fixed on a furnace door of the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber, and a feeding moving vehicle and a guide rail are arranged below the furnace door.
The sintering chamber with a plurality of temperature zones adopts a multi-section type independent heating and temperature control structure, and a heating body, a heat insulation material, a heat insulation wall and a fixed heat insulation plug for isolating heat radiation are arranged in each temperature zone; when the sintering rack moves, the tray heat insulation plug on the sintering rack can penetrate through the space between the heat insulation wall and the fixed heat insulation plug;
when the tray heat insulation plug on the sintering material rack moves to the heat insulation wall, the heat insulation wall and the tray heat insulation plug can separate adjacent sintering chambers; when heat in the sintering chamber radiates to the heat-resistant blocking pieces, the heat is reflected back into the sintering chamber to block the radiant heat, and meanwhile, because the heat-resistant blocking pieces are arranged in a stacked mode, the heat is prevented from being lost easily in the sintering process, and the furnace temperature is stable.
Because the heat-resistant blocking pieces on the tray heat-insulating plug are arranged in a stacked mode, gaps exist among the heat-resistant blocking pieces, and the sintering chambers of all temperature areas can form a vacuum sintering chamber; volatile gas generated in the sintering process can smoothly pass through the tray heat insulation plug, and gas generated in the sintering chamber is conveniently discharged.
When the heat insulation plate works, the heat insulation wall, the fixed heat insulation plug and the tray heat insulation plug isolate heat radiation of adjacent sintering chambers, and the heat insulation plate plays a good role in heat insulation under the condition that the temperature difference is less than 300 ℃ and completely replaces a gate valve.
And the sintering chamber is provided with an exhaust hole and an inflation inlet. During sintering, gas (such as argon) is filled from a gas filling port on the sintering chamber, so that impurity gas which is volatilized and discharged can be prevented from polluting sinter in a high-temperature region, and the gas can be discharged from the exhaust hole.
The shape of the heating body in the sintering chamber is plate-shaped or rod-shaped; the plate-shaped heating body is enclosed into an M-shaped structure, namely, the upper part, the left part and the right part are enclosed into an M-shaped structure which is equidistant to the sintering material box, and the lower part is provided with a rod-shaped heating body for heating.
In the invention, the length of each section of sintering chamber is equal to or close to the length of the sintering material rack after thermal expansion according to the temperature of a working area of the sintering chamber. So as to ensure that the heat insulation plug is aligned with the heat insulation wall.
The air cooling chamber is provided with a cooling fan, a heat exchanger, a material taking bracket, a material taking oil cylinder and a material receiving tray; the cooling fan is arranged outside the air cooling chamber, and the heat exchanger is arranged in the air cooling chamber; the material receiving tray is arranged on the material taking bracket; the material taking oil cylinder is connected with the material receiving tray and used for taking the sintering material rack out of the sintering chamber.
The material taking support in the air cooling chamber is fixed on a furnace door of the air cooling chamber, and a material taking moving vehicle and a guide rail are arranged below the furnace door.
In the continuous vacuum sintering furnace, the sintering chamber with one temperature zone can be a natural cooling chamber, and a heat exchanger is arranged inside the natural cooling chamber.
The invention also comprises an electric control system which adopts a low-cost high-power factor power supply, and uses a power supply of a small-power IGBT and a three-phase full-wave rectification series connection with large power. The invention can be designed into three-section temperature control and four-section temperature control as well as special requirement on temperature uniformity. The furnace shell is used as one of the electrodes, and the number of the water-cooled electrodes is reduced by one time, so that the possibility of vacuum leakage is reduced. The structure is simplified, and the cost is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the sintering chamber is not partitioned, a vacuum unit is used for the sintering chamber, and a conveying mechanism is not arranged in the sintering chamber, so that the overall complexity is greatly reduced, and the cost is reduced.
(2) The tray heat insulation plug is arranged, and heat-resistant blocking pieces on the tray heat insulation plug are arranged in a stacking mode from top to bottom to form a structure similar to a shutter; when heat in the sintering chamber radiates to the heat-resistant blocking pieces, the heat is reflected back into the sintering chamber to block the radiant heat, and meanwhile, because the heat-resistant blocking pieces are arranged in a stacked mode, the heat is prevented from being lost easily in the sintering process, and the furnace temperature is stable.
(3) The heat-resistant blocking pieces on the tray heat-insulating plug are arranged in a stacked mode, and gaps exist among the heat-resistant blocking pieces, so that a sintering chamber of each temperature area can form a vacuum chamber; volatile matter gas generated in the sintering process can smoothly pass through the tray heat insulation plug, and gas generated in the sintering chamber is conveniently discharged.
(4) The invention increases the speed of reaching uniform temperature and shortens the sintering time by 1/3-1/2 due to the addition of the central heating element.
(5) The electric control system adopts a low-cost high-power-factor power supply, and uses a power supply of a small-power IGBT and a large-power three-phase full-wave rectification series connection. And 5 water-cooled electrodes are saved by adopting low-voltage direct current power supply, so that the cost is reduced. Particularly, the duty ratio is controlled by full-wave rectification and IGTB, and the voltage is reduced and rectified by an intermediate frequency transformer. The power factor is almost 1, the defects of waveform distortion, pollution to a power grid, low power factor and the like caused by the voltage regulation of the traditional thyristor are overcome, and the power can be comprehensively saved by about 40 percent due to the adoption of an IGTB power supply.
(6) The invention can be applied to neodymium iron boron, titanium alloy, hard alloy, injection molding, graphitizing sintering and various heat treatments; can also be used for various aging treatments, and can be used in other fields such as ceramics, powder metallurgy and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the state of the invention during sintering;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the vacuum furnace of the present invention before charging into the preparation chamber;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the invention after removal from the air-cooled chamber;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the heating body inside the sintering chamber in one temperature zone of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the sintering chamber in one temperature zone of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the construction of the air-cooled chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the electronic control system of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the insulating plug of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic left side view of the structure of FIG. 8;
FIG. 11 is a schematic top view of the sintering apparatus provided with a natural cooling chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of the present invention when sintering is performed with a natural cooling chamber;
wherein: 1-vacuum charging preparation chamber, 101-material pushing oil cylinder, 102-preparation chamber bracket, 103-sintering material frame, 104-tray heat insulation plug, 105-heat blocking sheet, 106-material feeding moving vehicle, 2-air cooling chamber, 201-cooling fan, 202-heat exchanger, 203-material taking bracket, 204-material taking oil cylinder, 205-material taking moving vehicle and 206-material receiving tray; 3-sintering chamber, 301-fixed heat insulation plug, 302-heat insulation wall, 303-heat insulation material, 304-exhaust hole, 305-inflation inlet, 306-heating body, 4-gate valve, 5-vacuum unit, 6-guide rail, 7-furnace door, 8-electric control system, 9-natural cooling chamber and 10-sintering material box.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, a continuous vacuum sintering furnace comprises a vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber 1, a sintering chamber 3 with a plurality of temperature zones and an air cooling chamber 2 which are communicated in sequence, wherein a gate valve 4 is arranged at one end of the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber 1 and one end of the air cooling chamber 2; three independent spaces are respectively formed in the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber 1, the sintering chamber 3 with a plurality of temperature areas and the air cooling chamber 2 through the gate valve 4;
the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber 1, the sintering chamber 3 and the air cooling chamber 2 are communicated with a vacuum unit 5;
as shown in fig. 3, a material pushing cylinder 101, a preparation chamber bracket 102 and a sintering material rack 103 are arranged in the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber 1; the guide rail 6 in the vacuum furnace-entering preparation chamber 1 is arranged on the preparation chamber bracket 102; the sintering material rack 103 is arranged on the guide rail 6 of the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber 1 and is connected with the material pushing oil cylinder 101; under the action of the material pushing oil cylinder 101, the sintering material rack 103 moves along the guide rail 6.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, tray heat insulation plugs 104 are arranged at two end sides of the sintering frame 103; the tray heat insulation plug 104 is provided with a plurality of heat resistance blocking pieces 105, and the heat resistance blocking pieces 105 are arranged in a stacking mode from top to bottom to form a structure similar to a shutter; the heat blocking plate 105 is made of a heat-resistant material.
As shown in fig. 3, the preparation chamber bracket 102 in the preparation chamber 1 is fixed on the oven door 7 of the preparation chamber 1, and the feeding moving vehicle 106 and the guide rail 6 are disposed under the oven door 7.
As shown in fig. 6, the sintering chamber 3 with multiple temperature zones adopts a multi-stage independent heating and temperature control structure, and each temperature zone is provided with a heating body 306, a heat insulating material 303, a heat insulating wall 302 and a fixed heat insulating plug 301 for insulating heat radiation; when the sintering rack 103 moves, the tray heat insulation plug 104 on the sintering rack 103 can penetrate through the space between the heat insulation wall 302 and the fixed heat insulation plug 301;
when the tray heat insulation plug 104 on the sintering rack 103 moves to the heat insulation wall 302, the heat insulation wall 302 and the tray heat insulation plug 104 can fix the heat insulation plug 301 to separate the adjacent sintering chambers 3; when the heat in the sintering chamber 3 is radiated to the heat-resistant blocking sheet 105, the heat is reflected back to the sintering chamber 3 to block the radiant heat, and meanwhile, because the heat-resistant blocking sheets 105 are arranged in a stacked mode, the heat is ensured not to be easily dissipated in the sintering process, and the furnace temperature is stable.
Because the heat-resistant blocking pieces 105 on the tray heat-insulating plug 104 are arranged in a stacked manner, gaps exist among the heat-resistant blocking pieces 105, and the sintering chambers 3 in various temperature areas can form a vacuum sintering chamber 3; volatile gas generated in the sintering process can smoothly pass through the tray heat insulation plug 104, so that the gas generated in the sintering chamber 3 can be conveniently discharged.
When the heat insulation plate works, the heat insulation wall 302, the fixed heat insulation plug 301 and the tray heat insulation plug 104 isolate heat radiation of the adjacent sintering chambers 3, and the heat insulation plate well plays a role in heat insulation under the condition that the temperature difference is less than 300, so that the plate valve 4 is completely replaced.
As shown in fig. 2, the sintering chamber 3 is provided with an exhaust hole 304 and a gas filling port 305. During sintering, gas (such as argon) is filled from a gas filling port 305 on the sintering chamber 3, so that the impurity gas in the volatilized material can be prevented from polluting the sinter in the high-temperature region, and the gas can be exhausted from the exhaust hole 304.
As shown in fig. 5, the heating body 306 in the sintering chamber 3 has a plate-like or rod-like shape; the plate-like heating body 306 is surrounded to form an "M" shape, i.e., the upper, left and right sides are surrounded to form an "M" shape, which is equidistant from the sintering material box 10, and the lower heating rod-like heating body 306 is provided.
In the present invention, the length of each segment of the sintering chamber 3 is equal to or close to the length of the sintering rack 103 after thermal expansion according to the temperature of the working area.
As shown in fig. 7, the air cooling chamber 2 is provided with a cooling fan 201, a heat exchanger 202, a material taking bracket 203, a material taking oil cylinder 204 and a material receiving tray 206; the cooling fan 201 is arranged outside the air cooling chamber 2, and the heat exchanger 202 is arranged in the air cooling chamber 2; the receiving tray 206 is arranged on the material taking bracket 203; the material taking oil cylinder 204 is connected with the material receiving tray 206 and is used for taking out the sintering material rack 103 from the sintering chamber 3.
As shown in fig. 4, the material taking bracket 203 in the air-cooling chamber 2 is fixed on the oven door 7 of the air-cooling chamber 2, and a material taking moving vehicle 205 and a guide rail 6 are arranged below the oven door 7.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, in the continuous vacuum sintering furnace, the sintering chamber 3 having one temperature zone may be a natural cooling chamber 9, and a heat exchanger may be provided therein.
The invention also comprises an electric control system 8, and as shown in fig. 8, the electric control system 8 adopts a low-cost high-power-factor power supply, and uses a power supply of a small-power IGBT and a three-phase full-wave rectification of a large power to be connected in series.
The electric control system 8 of the invention rectifies the three-phase 380V full wave, utilizes the IGBT intermediate frequency switch to change the direct current power supply into pulses with a certain duty ratio, and obtains the direct current power supply with almost 1 power factor through the intermediate frequency transformer and the Schottky diode rectification, thereby having no pollution to the power grid. But the cost of a high-power IGBT power supply is high. A three-phase 380V power supply is changed into a low-voltage high-current three-phase power supply through a common three-phase transformer. A full-wave rectifying circuit is composed of 6 diodes. Because the phase shift trigger of the thyristor is not available, the waveform is complete, the power grid is not polluted, and the power factor is high. Is 80-90% of the voltage needed when the designed voltage is not the heat preservation. The two power supplies are connected in series for use, the basic power is provided by a three-phase rectification power supply, the basic power accounts for 80-90%, the rest 10-20%, and the part needing to be adjusted is provided by an IGBT. Therefore, the cost of the whole power supply is reduced, and high power factor, high temperature control precision and smaller electromagnetic pollution are achieved.
The invention adopts low-voltage direct current power supply, saves 5 water-cooling electrodes and reduces the cost. Particularly, the duty ratio is controlled by full-wave rectification and IGTB, and the voltage is reduced and rectified by an intermediate frequency transformer. The power factor is almost 1, thus avoiding the defects of waveform distortion and power grid pollution caused by the traditional thyristor voltage regulation, low power factor and the like.
The requirement for temperature uniformity is special, and the electric control system 8 can also be designed into three-stage temperature control and four-stage temperature control. The furnace shell is used as one of the electrodes, and the number of the water-cooled electrodes is reduced by one time, so that the possibility of vacuum leakage is reduced. The structure is simplified, and the cost is reduced.
In the invention, the moving speed of the gas molecules under the conditions of 300-500 ℃ is more than 400 m/s; if the vacuum degree is 0.1Pa, the average free path is more than 10 meters, that is, a large amount of molecules will run up in the reverse direction to the high temperature area, thereby polluting the product being sintered at high temperature, causing the quality of the product to be reduced and even being scrapped. In order to avoid the problem, the heating chambers are isolated by gate valves 4 at home and abroad. The invention arranges a gas charging port 305 in a high-temperature zone sintering chamber 3 in a sintering chamber 3 with a plurality of temperature zones, gas such as argon is charged, the vacuum degree is controlled to be 10-20pa, and the mean free path is reduced to be below 0.1 meter. That is, the molecules volatilized at the low temperature end hardly reach the high temperature region 5 m away. The gate valve 4 is omitted, so that the material transfer structure is simplified, the cost is greatly reduced, and the reliability is improved.
The invention can be applied to neodymium iron boron, titanium alloy, hard alloy, injection molding, graphitizing sintering and various heat treatments; can also be used for various aging treatments, and can be used in other fields such as ceramics, powder metallurgy and the like.
The process of the vacuum continuous sintering furnace comprises the following steps:
as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, 30 cartridges are charged into the oven at a time. Each box was charged with 12 kg. And sintering the 50H product.
The process design is that the furnace is aged according to 300 degrees, 400 degrees, 500 degrees, 800 degrees, 1050 degrees and natural cooling chambers of 9 degrees and 900 degrees, the time is totally 10 chambers, and the furnace is put into the furnace every two hours.
1. For the first use, the chamber 3 is evacuated to 10 pa. The temperature of each temperature zone is raised according to a preset process.
2. The workpiece to be sintered is loaded into the sintering material box 10, the whole furnace sintering material box 10 is stacked on the sintering material frame 103, and the tray heat insulation plug 104 is fixed on the sintering material frame 103 and is arranged at two sides of the sintering material box 10.
3. And (4) sending the mixture into a vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber 1, and closing a furnace door 7. The vacuum pump is started. To within 1 pa.
Lifting the gate valve 4 and feeding the gate valve into the first temperature zone of the sintering chamber 3. And (4) closing the gate valve 4, and adjusting the flow of the argon gas to ensure that the vacuum degree is 5-50 pa.
4. The inlet valve of the vacuum furnace-entering preparation chamber 1 is opened to atmospheric pressure.
The second furnace was prepared as the first furnace.
After the second furnace enters the preparation chamber, vacuumizing to within 1pa, and waiting for entering the furnace
5. After two hours, the gate valve 4 is lifted, the material pushing cylinder 101 pushes the second furnace material to the first temperature area of the sintering chamber 3, and the second material pushes the first material to the second temperature area of the sintering chamber 3.
The same operation as above is carried out until the first component reaches the tenth temperature zone.
Wherein the glass fiber enters a 9 th chamber for natural cooling, and the central temperature is about 800 ℃ after 2 hours. And entering a 10 th zone for 900-degree aging treatment.
6. Starting the vacuum unit 5 of the air cooling chamber 2, enabling the vacuum degree to be within 1pa, and receiving the aged material.
7. After the aging of the first group of materials in the last temperature area is finished, the gate valve 4 is lifted, the material taking oil cylinder 204 drives the material receiving tray 206 to pass through the gate valve 4 and enter the sintering chamber 3, and the materials in the sintering chamber 3 are pushed onto the material receiving tray 206 while the eleventh group of materials are fed into the furnace. The take-up cylinder 204 then pulls it to the air-cooled position.
8. The gate valve 4 is closed, argon is filled, and the cooling fan 201 is started.
9. After the temperature is cooled to 80 ℃ (or the temperature specified by the process), the furnace door 7 is opened, the cooled sintering material rack 103 is pulled out of the air cooling chamber 2, all the sintering material boxes 10 and the sintering material rack 103 are taken down, and then the sintering material rack is pushed back into the air cooling chamber 2 to prepare for receiving the next furnace burden.
The process is circulated.
And after a certain time, the operation process of furnace shutdown is required:
10. during charging, only the sinter holder 103 is emptied, as in normal operation. Until all the sinter in the furnace is taken out.
11. The two gate valves 4 are fully opened and argon is filled. Since the heating material is oxidized in the air, it must be opened after the temperature in the furnace is cooled to 400 ℃.
The product sintered in the continuous furnace is compared with a single-chamber furnace: the magnetic properties are the same; the appearance has better metallic luster; the oxygen content is equivalent to 1500 ppm; the carbon content is 650ppm, 170ppm lower than that of a single-chamber furnace.
Although only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art, and all changes are encompassed in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A continuous vacuum sintering furnace is characterized by comprising a vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber (1), a sintering chamber (3) with a plurality of temperature areas and an air cooling chamber (2) which are communicated in sequence, wherein a gate valve (4) is arranged at one end of the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber (1) and one end of the air cooling chamber (2); three independent spaces are respectively formed in the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber (1), the sintering chamber (3) with a plurality of temperature areas and the air cooling chamber (2) through the gate valve (4);
the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber (1), the sintering chamber (3) and the air cooling chamber (2) are communicated with respective vacuum units (5);
guide rails (6) are arranged in the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber (1), the sintering chamber (3) and the air cooling chamber (2);
a material pushing oil cylinder (101), a preparation chamber bracket (102) and a sintering material rack (103) are arranged in the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber (1); a guide rail (6) in the vacuum furnace entering preparation chamber (1) is arranged on the preparation chamber bracket (102); the sintering material rack (103) is arranged on a guide rail (6) of the vacuum furnace-entering preparation chamber (1) and is connected with the material pushing oil cylinder (101); under the action of a material pushing oil cylinder (101), a sintering material rack (103) moves along a guide rail (6);
tray heat insulation plugs (104) are arranged on two end sides of the sintering material frame (103).
2. The continuous vacuum sintering furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the sintering chamber (3) with multiple temperature zones is of a multi-stage independent heating and temperature control structure, and each temperature zone is provided with a heating body (306), a heat preservation material (303), a heat insulation wall (302) and a fixed heat insulation plug (301) for isolating heat radiation; when the sintering rack (103) moves, the tray heat insulation plug (104) on the sintering rack (103) can penetrate through the space between the heat insulation wall (302) and the central heat insulation fixing plug (301).
3. The continuous vacuum sintering furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation chamber bracket (102) in the vacuum furnace-entering preparation chamber (1) is fixed on a furnace door (7) of the vacuum furnace-entering preparation chamber (1), and a feeding moving vehicle (106) and a guide rail (6) are arranged below the furnace door (7); the material taking support (203) in the air cooling chamber (2) is fixed on a furnace door (7) of the air cooling chamber (2), and a material taking moving vehicle (205) and a guide rail (6) are arranged below the furnace door (7).
4. The continuous vacuum sintering furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the sintering chamber (3) is provided with an exhaust hole (304) and a gas charging hole (305).
5. The continuous vacuum sintering furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace further comprises an electronic control system (8), wherein the electronic control system (8) adopts a low-cost power supply with high power factor, and adopts a power supply with smaller power IGBT and a three-phase full-wave rectification series connection with larger power.
6. A continuous vacuum sintering furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that the shape of the heating body (306) inside the sintering chamber (3) has a plate and rod shape; the plate-shaped heating body (306) is surrounded into an M-shaped structure, namely, the upper part, the left part and the right part are surrounded into an M-shaped structure which is equidistant to the sintering material box (10), and the lower part is provided with a rod-shaped heating body (306) for heating.
7. A continuous vacuum sintering furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of each segment of the sintering chamber (3) is equal to or close to the length of the sintering material rack (103) after thermal expansion according to the temperature of the working area.
8. The continuous vacuum sintering furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the air cooling chamber (2) is provided with a cooling fan (201), a heat exchanger (202), a material taking bracket (203), a material taking oil cylinder (204) and a material receiving tray (206); the cooling fan (201) is arranged outside the air cooling chamber (2), and the heat exchanger (202) is arranged in the air cooling chamber (2); the receiving tray (206) is arranged on the material taking bracket (203); the material taking oil cylinder (204) is connected with the material receiving tray (206) and is used for taking out the sintering material rack (103) from the sintering chamber (3).
9. The continuous vacuum sintering furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the tray insulation plug (104) is provided with a plurality of heat-resistant baffles (105), and the heat-resistant baffles (105) are arranged in a stacked manner from top to bottom.
10. A continuous vacuum sintering furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the sintering chamber (3) of one of the temperature zones is a natural cooling chamber (9) with a heat exchanger inside.
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| CN202011080837.3A CN112179128A (en) | 2020-10-11 | 2020-10-11 | Continuous vacuum sintering furnace |
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| CN113587635A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-02 | 宁波晋科自动化设备有限公司 | Continuous vacuum sintering furnace |
| CN115466122A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-12-13 | 陕西固勤材料技术有限公司 | Preparation system of reaction sintering carborundum roller stick |
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Application publication date: 20210105 |