CN108726850B - Pressure-controlled glass melting device and method - Google Patents

Pressure-controlled glass melting device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108726850B
CN108726850B CN201810660555.7A CN201810660555A CN108726850B CN 108726850 B CN108726850 B CN 108726850B CN 201810660555 A CN201810660555 A CN 201810660555A CN 108726850 B CN108726850 B CN 108726850B
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glass
pressure
melting
heat
furnace body
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CN108726850A (en
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赵慧峰
祖成奎
刘永华
赵华
韩滨
王衍行
王琪
曹亚帅
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China Building Materials Academy CBMA
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China Building Materials Academy CBMA
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235Heating the glass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/02Other methods of shaping glass by casting molten glass, e.g. injection moulding
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B25/00Annealing glass products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/18Stirring devices; Homogenisation
    • C03B5/183Stirring devices; Homogenisation using thermal means, e.g. for creating convection currents
    • C03B5/185Electric means

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressure control glass smelting device and a method, wherein the pressure control glass smelting device comprises a closed furnace body, and the furnace body sequentially comprises from top to bottom: a charging part, a melting part and a discharging part; wherein the melted portion is heated by induction heating. The furnace body of the invention is a sealing structure and can realize 10‑3The smelting pressure in the furnace is controlled at 0.3MPa, so that vacuum negative pressure and gas positive pressure are conveniently realized, or atmospheres such as oxidation, reduction, inertia and the like are formed by gases with different properties; the consistency of the pressure and the atmosphere in the furnace is ensured, and the furnace is not influenced by impurities such as external air, moisture and the like; meanwhile, the control of components in the melting process of each raw material of the glass is facilitated, the consistency of the composition and the performance of the glass is facilitated, the batch stability of the product quality is good, and the batch application of the product is facilitated. The water-cooled metal furnace body has no dust pollution, and the furnace wall is close to the room temperature, thereby effectively preventing the glass from being polluted by the erosion of the oxidizing and reducing atmosphere.

Description

Pressure-controlled glass melting device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of glass preparation, in particular to a pressure control glass smelting device and a pressure control glass smelting method.
Background
With the development of modern photoelectric information technology, novel special glass materials with special optical, electric and mechanical properties, such as laser glass, infrared glass, magneto-optical glass, semiconductor glass and the like, are rapidly developed and increasingly widely applied in the fields of war industry, aerospace, optical communication and the like.
Specific properties often imply specific material compositions, specific manufacturing techniques and specific equipment. In order to realize or improve certain special properties, the smelting of special glass generally needs to be carried out under special smelting atmosphere and pressure. For example, the infrared transmitting glass of germanate and aluminate systems must be melted in a dry and anhydrous environment to eliminate moisture (hydroxyl OH) in the structure-) The infrared absorption caused by the infrared absorption improves the infrared transmission performance; certain rare earth doped luminescent glass must control oxidation-reduction atmosphere to ensure that rare earth ions are in a valence state with highest luminous efficiency; chalcogenide, fluoride and other glass contain volatile components, and melting at normal pressure is very volatile, so that the glass composition is difficult to control.
In order to improve or obtain high-performance glass materials, research and development personnel at home and abroad pertinently develop a plurality of research and development works of glass atmosphere and pressure smelting. The prior art mainly smelts special glass in the environment of inert atmosphere, vacuum negative pressure, positive pressure and the like, and meets the preparation requirements of special glass. However, the above method has great limitations, and related devices and technologies do not have universality, and most of the methods are only local improvements in the conventional equipment technology, and can only realize one atmosphere or pressure condition, cannot realize multiple pressure/atmosphere changes, and cannot meet the smelting requirements of different types of special glass. In addition, most of the special glass is melted by adopting a melting mode of refractory material heat preservation and resistance heating at present, the melting efficiency is low, and the glass is easy to be polluted by erosion under high temperature and special atmosphere, which is not beneficial to the preparation of high-performance glass.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a novel pressure control glass smelting device and a novel pressure control glass smelting method, and aims to solve the technical problem of realizing multiple pressure/atmosphere changes and meeting the smelting requirements of different types of special glass, thereby being more practical.
The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme. According to the pressure control glass smelting device provided by the invention, the pressure control glass smelting device comprises a closed furnace body, wherein the furnace body sequentially comprises from top to bottom: a charging part, a melting part and a discharging part;
wherein the melted portion is heated by induction heating.
The object of the present invention and the technical problems solved thereby can be further achieved by the following technical measures.
Preferably, the pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus described above, wherein the charging section comprises an upper furnace cover, a charging bin, a viewing window and a heat shield;
the melting part comprises an intermediate frequency coil, a heat insulation layer, a crucible sleeve and a crucible;
the discharging part comprises a discharging pipe, a heat-insulating cylinder, a high-frequency coil, a forming die and a discharging hole.
Preferably, in the pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus, the upper furnace cover is made of heat-resistant stainless steel material, and cooling circulating water is provided inside the upper furnace cover;
the feeding bin is positioned at the upper part of the upper furnace cover and is communicated with the furnace body;
the upper furnace cover is provided with an observation window;
the heat shield is connected with the upper furnace cover through a rotating shaft.
Preferably, in the pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus, the intermediate frequency coil is located on an inner wall of the melting part and formed by winding a hollow copper tube, and is externally connected with an intermediate frequency induction power supply control system, and cooling circulating water is introduced into the tube;
the heat insulation layer is arranged inside the intermediate frequency coil to form a heat insulation space;
the crucible sleeve is positioned below the heat shield and in the heat preservation space;
the crucible is positioned in the crucible sleeve.
Preferably, in the pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus, the discharge pipe is communicated with the bottom of the crucible;
the heat preservation cylinder is arranged outside the discharge pipe;
the high-frequency coil is positioned on the inner wall of the discharging part, is formed by coiling a hollow copper pipe, is externally connected with a medium-frequency induction power supply control system, and is internally communicated with cooling circulating water;
the forming die is positioned below the discharge pipe;
the discharge hole is positioned below the forming die.
Preferably, the pressure-controlled glass melting device further comprises a vacuum pumping system, a gas supply system and a circulating water cooling system.
Preferably, in the pressure control glass melting device, the vacuum pumping system is communicated with the furnace body;
the gas supply system is communicated with the furnace body through a gas inlet and a gas outlet.
The object of the present invention and the technical problem to be solved are also achieved by the following technical means. According to the pressure control glass melting method provided by the invention, the pressure control glass melting device comprises the following components:
adding the glass batch into a glass smelting device;
carrying out atmosphere control or pressure control on the glass smelting device, and heating by induction heating to obtain a molten material;
clarifying and homogenizing the molten material by electromagnetic stirring of an induction magnetic field;
adjusting the glass discharge temperature by induction heating, starting a high-frequency coil to heat a discharge pipe to the glass discharge temperature, allowing glass liquid to flow out of a forming die through the discharge pipe, and cooling and forming to obtain a glass blank;
and taking the glass body out of the glass smelting device, and annealing.
The object of the present invention and the technical problems solved thereby can be further achieved by the following technical measures.
Preferably, in the pressure-controlled glass melting method, the pressure control is positive gas pressure or negative vacuum pressure control;
the pressure of the positive gas pressure is less than or equal to 0.3 MPa;
the pressure of the vacuum negative pressure is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10-3Pa。
By the technical scheme, the pressure control glass melting device and the method at least have the following advantages:
1) the furnace body of the invention is a pressure-resistant stainless steel shell sealing structure, and can realize 10-3The smelting pressure in the furnace is controlled at 0.3MPa, so that vacuum negative pressure and gas positive pressure are conveniently realized, or atmospheres such as oxidation, reduction, inertia and the like are formed by gases with different properties;
2) the integral sealing structure ensures the consistency of pressure and atmosphere in the furnace and is not influenced by impurities such as external air, moisture and the like; meanwhile, the control of components in the melting process of each raw material of the glass is facilitated, the consistency of the composition and the performance of the glass is facilitated, the batch stability of the product quality is good, and the batch application of the product is facilitated. The water-cooled metal furnace body has no dust pollution, and the furnace wall is close to the room temperature, so that the glass is effectively prevented from being polluted by the erosion of oxidizing and reducing atmospheres;
3) the glass melting and discharging heating adopt an induction heating mode, the melting temperature is high, the speed is high, the efficiency is high, and compared with the existing resistance-type melting method, the production efficiency is improved by more than 50%;
4) and a stirring device is not needed, so that the process is simplified and the pollution of the stirrer material is avoided. Because the induction heating forms a gradient temperature field, the glass liquid can generate strong electromagnetic disturbance and temperature difference convection to play a role of stirring, thereby being beneficial to the full reaction, clarification and homogenization of the glass, effectively eliminating the defects of phase separation, calculus and the like, and improving the melting efficiency and the composition uniformity of the glass;
5) the invention does not adopt vulnerable insulating bricks and electric heating elements, has the characteristics of low equipment maintenance cost, long service life and the like, obviously reduces the emission of fuel waste gas, dust, waste water and the like, and is green and environment-friendly.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects of the pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus and method according to the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a closed furnace body, and the furnace body includes, from top to bottom: a charging part 1, a melting part 2 and a discharging part 3; wherein the melting section 2 is heated by means of induction heating.
Preferably, the charging part 1 comprises an upper furnace cover 4, a charging bin 5, an observation window 6 and a heat shield 7;
the melting part 2 comprises an intermediate frequency coil 8, a heat insulation layer 9, a crucible sleeve 10 and a crucible 11;
the discharging part 3 comprises a discharging pipe 12, a heat preservation cylinder 13, a high-frequency coil 14, a forming die 15 and a discharging hole 16.
Preferably, the upper furnace cover 4 is made of heat-resistant stainless steel material, and cooling circulating water is introduced into the upper furnace cover.
The feeding bin 5 is positioned at the upper part of the upper furnace cover 4 and is communicated with the furnace body, a multi-grid feeding mode is adopted, feeding is carried out in the furnace through rotation, and multiple times of feeding under the conditions of vacuum and positive pressure can be realized.
An observation window 6 is arranged on the upper furnace cover 4; the observation window 6 adopts a heat-resistant toughened glass window, so that the condition in the furnace can be observed, and the glass temperature can be measured by an optical temperature measuring instrument.
The heat shield 7 is connected to the upper furnace cover 4 via a rotary shaft 17. The heat shield 7 is made of heat-resistant metal and covers the upper part of the crucible 11 to reduce heat loss and volatilization of components. The transverse rotation is realized through the rotating shaft 17, so that the feeding and the observation at the upper part are convenient.
Preferably, the melting part 2 is a furnace shell made of heat-resistant stainless steel materials, and cooling circulating water is introduced into the furnace shell.
The intermediate frequency coil 8 is positioned on the inner wall of the melting part 2, is formed by coiling a hollow copper pipe, is externally connected with an intermediate frequency induction power supply control system, and is internally communicated with cooling circulating water;
the heat preservation layer 9 is arranged inside the intermediate frequency coil 8 to form a heat preservation space; the heat-insulating layer 9 is made of refractory materials, preferably alumina ceramics and quartz ceramics.
The crucible sleeve 10 is positioned below the heat shield 7 and in the heat insulation space and is used for supporting a crucible 11;
the crucible 11 is positioned in the crucible sleeve 10 and used for containing glass materials.
The melting part 2 can realize two heating modes aiming at different glass materials: the first mode is a crucible heating mode, namely the crucible 11 is made of high-temperature resistant metal materials capable of generating heat by electromagnetic induction, preferably platinum and platinum-rhodium alloy materials, and the crucible directly heats and melts materials under the action of an induction magnetic field, and the mode is suitable for melting most oxide glass materials; the other is a crucible cover heating mode, that is, the crucible cover 10 is made of a high temperature resistant metal material capable of generating heat by electromagnetic induction, and the crucible cover heats under the action of an induction magnetic field to further heat the material in the crucible, and the mode is suitable for the preparation of glass which is easy to react with the metal material, such as non-oxide glass like chalcogenide and the like.
Preferably, the discharge pipe 12 is communicated with the bottom of the crucible 11; the material is the same as that of the crucible 11, and is used for discharging molten glass.
The heat preservation cylinder 13 is arranged outside the discharge pipe 12; used for heat preservation or heating, and ensures that the discharge pipe 12 reaches the glass discharge temperature.
The high-frequency coil 14 is positioned on the inner wall of the discharging part 3, is formed by coiling a hollow copper pipe, is externally connected with a medium-frequency induction power supply control system, and is internally communicated with cooling circulating water;
the forming die 15 is positioned below the discharge pipe 12; the material of heat-resistant metal is adopted for cooling and forming the high-temperature molten glass; the auxiliary resistance heating realizes the preheating function of the die.
The discharge port 16 is located below the molding die 15. The glass blank is positioned at the bottom of the furnace body and made of heat-resistant stainless steel materials, and can be opened in a lifting way, and the glass blank can be taken out after being formed by opening the discharge port.
Preferably, the pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus further comprises a vacuum pumping system 18, a gas supply system 19 and a circulating water cooling system 20.
Preferably, the vacuum pumping system 18 is communicated with the furnace body; is composed of multi-stage vacuum pump, can realize vacuum negative pressure melting environment, and has maximum vacuum degree of 1 × 10-3Pa。
The gas supply system 19 is communicated with the furnace body through a gas inlet 21 and a gas outlet 22, and can be connected with various gas sources such as inert gas, nitrogen, oxygen and the like to realize special atmosphere melting environments such as oxidation, reduction and the like in the furnace; the positive pressure in the furnace can be realized through the pressure gas supply device, and the maximum pressure in the furnace is 0.3 MPa.
The circulating water cooling system 20 provides water cooling protection for the furnace body and the induction coil.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a pressure-controlled glass melting method for the aforementioned pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus, including:
and (4) calculating and preparing the glass batch according to the capacity of the crucible. And opening the upper furnace cover, filling the crucible with the glass batch, and filling the rest batch into the feeding bin. After feeding, closing the upper furnace cover, the discharge hole and the feeding bin cover to realize furnace body sealing. Starting a circulating water cooling system;
controlling the atmosphere or pressure of the glass smelting device, controlling a medium-frequency induction power supply, starting a medium-frequency coil to heat the material according to the temperature process requirement, and heating to the glass feeding temperature until the material in the crucible is completely molten; at the charging temperature, the heat shield is removed, the charging bin is rotated to charge materials into the crucible, and the materials are charged for multiple times according to the situation until all the materials are completely melted;
under the electromagnetic stirring action of an induction magnetic field, the temperature is gradually controlled to finish clarification and homogenization of glass, and high-temperature smelting is finished;
after the glass smelting is finished, the medium-frequency induction power supply is controlled to cool to the discharging temperature, the high-frequency induction power supply is controlled to start the high-frequency coil to heat the discharging pipe, and after the temperature in the pipe reaches the glass discharging temperature, glass liquid can enter and flow out of the forming die through the discharging pipe to be cooled and formed. And lowering and opening the discharge port to move the formed glass body into an annealing furnace for annealing.
After the smelting is finished, the materials can be immediately charged, and the next smelting is carried out.
Preferably, the atmosphere control conditions are: the air inlet and the air outlet of the air supply system are closed, the vacuum pumping system is started, and the vacuum degree reaches 10-1After Pa, closing the vacuum air exhaust system, starting the air supply system, filling protective gas with process requirements into the furnace through the air inlet, closing an air inlet and an air outlet of the air supply system after the furnace chamber is filled with the protective gas and reaches the atmospheric pressure, and stopping air supply; the vacuumizing-inflating process is repeated for at least 3 times to completely expel the air in the furnace, then the air supply system can be normally started, and protective gas is filled into the furnace through the air inlet to realize the oxidation, reduction or inert smelting environment required by the process.
The pressure control comprises positive gas pressure and vacuum negative pressure control;
wherein the positive gas pressure control conditions are as follows: on the basis of the atmosphere smelting, the maximum positive pressure in the furnace can reach 0.3MPa by controlling the pressure of a gas supply system, and the positive pressure smelting environment required by the preparation of certain types of glass is realized.
The vacuum negative pressure control conditions are as follows: and closing the air inlet and the air outlet of the air supply system, and opening the vacuum pumping system to realize vacuum in the furnace. According to the glass melting process, the air pumping system is controlled, and the vacuum degree requirements of different process stages can be met.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a pressure control glass melting device which characterized in that, it includes closed furnace body, the furnace body includes from last to down in proper order: a charging part, a melting part and a discharging part;
wherein the melting part is heated by means of induction heating;
the charging part comprises an upper furnace cover, a charging bin, an observation window and a heat shield;
the melting part comprises an intermediate frequency coil, a heat insulation layer, a crucible sleeve and a crucible;
the discharging part comprises a discharging pipe, a heat-insulating cylinder, a high-frequency coil, a forming die and a discharging hole;
the feeding bin is positioned at the upper part of the upper furnace cover and is communicated with the furnace body;
the heat shield is connected with the upper furnace cover through a rotating shaft;
the medium-frequency coil is positioned on the inner wall of the melting part and formed by coiling a hollow copper pipe, is externally connected with a medium-frequency induction power supply control system, and is internally communicated with cooling circulating water;
the heat insulation layer is arranged inside the intermediate frequency coil to form a heat insulation space;
the crucible sleeve is positioned below the heat shield and in the heat preservation space;
the crucible is positioned in the crucible sleeve;
the discharge pipe is communicated with the bottom of the crucible;
the heat preservation cylinder is arranged outside the discharge pipe;
the high-frequency coil is positioned on the inner wall of the discharging part, is formed by coiling a hollow copper pipe, is externally connected with a high-frequency induction power supply control system, and is internally communicated with cooling circulating water;
the forming die is positioned below the discharge pipe;
the discharge hole is positioned below the forming die.
2. The pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the upper furnace cover is made of heat-resistant stainless steel material and is internally provided with cooling circulating water;
and the upper furnace cover is provided with an observation window.
3. The pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a vacuum pumping system, a gas supply system, and a circulating water cooling system.
4. The pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus of claim 3, wherein the vacuum pumping system is in communication with the furnace body;
the gas supply system is communicated with the furnace body through a gas inlet and a gas outlet.
5. A pressure-controlled glass melting method for the pressure-controlled glass melting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
adding the glass batch into a glass smelting device;
carrying out atmosphere control or pressure control on the glass smelting device, and heating by induction heating to obtain a molten material;
clarifying and homogenizing the molten material by electromagnetic stirring of an induction magnetic field;
adjusting the glass discharge temperature by induction heating, starting a high-frequency coil to heat a discharge pipe to the glass discharge temperature, allowing glass liquid to flow out of a forming die through the discharge pipe, and cooling and forming to obtain a glass blank;
and taking the glass body out of the glass smelting device, and annealing.
6. The pressure-controlled glass melting method according to claim 5, wherein the pressure control is positive gas pressure or negative vacuum pressure control;
the pressure of the positive gas pressure is less than or equal to 0.3 MPa;
the pressure of the vacuum negative pressure is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10-3 Pa。
CN201810660555.7A 2018-06-25 2018-06-25 Pressure-controlled glass melting device and method Active CN108726850B (en)

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