CN112179125A - Grain drying method and system - Google Patents
Grain drying method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112179125A CN112179125A CN202011103904.9A CN202011103904A CN112179125A CN 112179125 A CN112179125 A CN 112179125A CN 202011103904 A CN202011103904 A CN 202011103904A CN 112179125 A CN112179125 A CN 112179125A
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- grain
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- water content
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- tempering
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/08—Humidity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of grain drying, and particularly relates to a grain drying method and system. The method monitors the water content of the grain in real time, and carries out drying operation on the grain to be dried at a set initial high temperature to control and reduce the water content of the grain; when the water content of the grain is reduced to the set tempering starting water content, stopping drying until the temperature of the grain is reduced to the set tempering finishing temperature; and when the temperature of the grains is reduced to the set tempering finishing temperature, drying the grains at the set tempering finishing temperature until the water content of the grains is reduced to the set drying finishing water content, and finishing the grain drying. The invention firstly carries out rapid drying at a higher temperature, then carries out tempering, and then continues drying at a lower temperature, thereby preventing the phenomenon of excessive drying, ensuring the quality of the grain, saving energy and reducing consumption, and efficiently finishing the drying of the grain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grain drying, and particularly relates to a grain drying method and system.
Background
The drying process of grains (such as wheat) is a heat and mass exchange process between grains and a drying heat medium. The traditional natural drying method is time-consuming, labor-consuming and low in automation degree.
In order to improve the phenomenon, a grain dryer appears, and the hot air input power of the grain dryer which is the mainstream in the market at present is not changed in the whole drying process. Drying with constant power is not effective. The drying requirement at the beginning of drying can be met due to the overhigh power setting, but the excessive drying can be caused along with the reduction of the drying degree of the grains, the grains are crushed, and the energy consumption is overlarge. Too low a power setting will result in too long a time for the whole drying process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a grain drying method and a grain drying system, which are used for solving the problems of excessive drying or long drying time caused by the fact that a grain dryer in the prior art adopts constant power for drying.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a grain drying method, which comprises the following steps:
1) monitoring the water content of the grain in real time, and drying the grain to be dried at a set initial high temperature to control and reduce the water content of the grain;
2) when the water content of the grain is reduced to the set tempering starting water content, stopping drying until the temperature of the grain is reduced to the set tempering finishing temperature;
3) when the temperature of the grains is reduced to the set tempering finishing temperature, drying the grains at the set tempering finishing temperature until the water content of the grains is reduced to the set drying finishing water content, and finishing the grain drying;
wherein the set initial high temperature is greater than the set tempering end temperature, and the set beginning tempering water content is greater than the set drying completion water content.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the grain drying method of the invention adopts different temperatures to dry the grain according to the water content condition of the grain. The method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out drying operation on grains to be dried at a set initial high temperature to fully dry the grains to be dried, stopping drying and tempering after full drying is finished, and carrying out drying operation on the grains to be dried at a relatively lower set tempering finishing temperature after tempering is finished to prevent excessive drying, ensure the quality of the grains, save energy and reduce consumption and efficiently finish the drying of the grains.
Further, the grain is wheat, and the set initial high temperature is 70-80 ℃.
Further, the grain is wheat, and the set tempering finishing temperature is 50-60 ℃.
Further, the grain is wheat, and the set starting tempering water content is 22% -23%.
Further, the grain is wheat, and the set drying completion water content is 12% -11%.
The invention also provides a grain drying system which comprises a grain dryer, wherein the grain dryer comprises a drying bin, a hot air pipeline, a water content monitoring module, a temperature regulating device, a hot air pipeline and a control device;
the drying bin is used for placing grains to be dried;
the temperature adjusting device is used for changing the temperature of hot air output by the hot air pipeline;
the water content monitoring module is used for monitoring the water content of the grain to be dried in real time;
the control device comprises a memory and a processor for executing instructions stored in the memory to implement the grain drying method as described above.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the grain drying system comprises a water content monitoring module for monitoring the water content of the grain to be dried in real time and a temperature adjusting device for changing the temperature of hot air output by the hot air pipeline, so that the grain is dried by adopting different hot air temperatures according to the water content of the grain. The specific method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out drying operation on grains to be dried at a set initial high temperature to fully dry the grains to be dried, stopping drying and tempering after full drying is finished, and carrying out drying operation on the grains to be dried at a relatively lower set tempering finishing temperature after tempering is finished, so that the phenomenon of excessive drying is prevented, the quality of the grains is ensured, energy is saved, consumption is reduced, and the grains are efficiently dried.
Furthermore, in order to accurately measure the water content of the grain, the water content monitoring module comprises an air inlet humidity detection device of the hot air pipeline, an air outlet humidity detection device of the hot air pipeline and a flow sensor arranged in the hot air pipeline.
Furthermore, in order to accurately measure the humidity of the air inlet and the humidity of the air outlet, the humidity detection device of the air inlet is a humidity sensor and/or a pressure sensor arranged at the air inlet of the hot air pipeline, and the humidity detection device of the air outlet is a humidity sensor and/or a pressure sensor arranged at the air outlet of the hot air pipeline.
Furthermore, in order to take the drying condition and the quality of the grains as the reference for later optimization, a sampling hole is arranged on the drying bin.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate operators to know the drying condition of the grain in real time, the grain drying system further comprises a human-computer interaction module which is connected with the grain dryer for data interaction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a grain drying system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the grain drying method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
During the drying process of the grain, the water activation energy of the grain is divided into free water E1, the activation energy Ew of physically bound water and the activation energy Ea of chemically bound water. In the early stage of drying, in the process of drying physically combined water and free water, the drying process can be accelerated by utilizing high temperature; in the later stage of drying, the process of converting chemically combined water into free water exists, the drying temperature needs to be reduced, and the matching of heat input and the drying dynamic process is realized.
By utilizing the phenomenon, the whole grain drying process is divided into three stages, wherein the grain dryer uses different hot air input powers in each stage, the grain dryer is controlled to output higher temperature in the first stage, the grain dryer is controlled to stop drying operation in the second stage, and the grain dryer is controlled to output lower temperature in the third stage. Thereby guaranteed the grain drying effect of preferred in the first stage, prevented excessive dry condition in the third stage and taken place, improved drying effect when guaranteeing drying effect.
Grain drying system embodiment:
an embodiment of a grain drying system of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, includes a grain dryer and a PC, and the grain dryer is connected to the PC.
The dryer is a WGHX type intelligent temperature-variable small-sized circulating grain dryer based on a single chip microcomputer. The grain dryer comprises a dryer body, wherein an intelligent control core (control module), a drying bin, a real-time temperature and humidity monitoring device, a flow sensor, a temperature adjusting device, a hot air pipeline for drying grains through hot air and a power supply module are arranged in the dryer body. The grain dryer can obtain the initial water content W of grains before drying in a direct contact measurement mode1And the mass m of the grain before drying.
The drying bin is used for placing dried grains.
The real-time temperature and humidity monitoring device comprises an air port humidity detection moduleThe block and the air outlet humidity detection module are all three-in-one sensors with BME280 type temperature, humidity and pressure, and are respectively used for detecting and obtaining the air inlet humidity H at the air inlet of the hot air pipeline1Air outlet humidity H at air outlet of hot air pipeline detected by air outlet humidity detection module2And the acquired information is transmitted to the intelligent control core through the A/D module, and the transmission mode follows an RS485 protocol. It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the air outlet humidity detection module and the air outlet humidity detection module adopt a three-in-one sensor of BME280 for measuring temperature, humidity and pressure, and the pressure and the humidity can be measured, and the pressure is converted to obtain the humidity in order to obtain the humidity. Therefore, to obtain the humidity, only the humidity data, only the pressure data, or a combination of the humidity data and the pressure data may be used. The formula for obtaining the humidity by using pressure conversion is as follows:
H＝0.622×ψ×Ps/(PT-ψ×Ps)
where H is the humidity obtained by pressure conversion, psi is the relative humidity, PsThe partial pressure of water vapor in saturated air (obtained from a saturated water vapor meter) at the same temperature and pressure is PTIs the measured pressure.
The flow sensor is arranged in the hot air pipeline and used for detecting the obtained hot air flow v and transmitting the acquired information to the intelligent control core through the A/D module, and the transmission mode follows an RS485 protocol.
The temperature adjusting device adopts a temperature frequency converter FC360 capable of receiving PID control and acts under the control instruction of the intelligent control core.
The intelligent control core comprises a memory and a processor, the processor is a 51-series single chip microcomputer, the model is STC89C52, and the memory of the 51 single chip microcomputer is adopted by the memory. The cross section of the hot air pipeline s is stored in the memory, and the processor combines the cross section of the hot air pipeline s and the information acquired by the sensors to obtain the water content W of the grain after the drying time delta t2. The specific principle can refer to the Chinese patent with application publication number CN110208322A, and the calculation formula is as follows:
W2＝W1-(H2-H1)×s×v×△t/m
wherein, W2The water content of the grain after drying at delta t time, W1Is the initial water content W of the grain before drying1，H2For the outlet air humidity H1The air inlet humidity is shown, s is the sectional area of a hot air pipeline, v is the hot air flow, delta t is the drying time, and m is the quality of the grain before drying.
The power supply module is mainly used for supplying power to each module/device in the grain dryer.
The PC end is used for realizing human-computer interaction, and is connected with an intelligent control core in the grain dryer by adopting an RS232 interface so as to display the water content and other information of the grain in the whole working process, the RS232 interface adopts an A/O interface, bidirectional transmission can be realized, and the maximum transmission rate can reach 20 Kbps. And the PC terminal adopts a VB6 engineering system to edit a visual interface, and workers can automatically control, edit and select. In order to visually monitor the information such as the temperature and the humidity of the wheat in real time, parameter display can be set on a real-time monitoring window at a PC (personal computer) end, and hot air input power, initial termination temperature, drying time, a temperature/humidity change curve and the like can be added.
Based on the grain drying system, the grain drying method can be realized. The following takes drying wheat as an example to illustrate a grain drying method of the present invention, the flow of which is shown in fig. 2, and the specific steps are as follows:
step one, a drying preparation stage. The debugging grain dryer comprises a real-time temperature and humidity monitoring device, a flow sensor and a temperature adjusting device, and is free of bug, and a PC (personal computer) end is required to be debugged, so that the grain dryer and the PC end can normally transmit information. After all the steps are debugged, the whole grain drying system starts to operate to dry the wheat, and in the process, the grain dryer monitors the water content of the wheat in real time through the introduced method.
And step two, entering a first stage of drying. The single chip microcomputer in the grain dryer controls the temperature adjusting device, the grain dryer is enabled to constantly output 80 ℃ (setting initial high temperature) to dry the wheat, the temperature in the drying bin is kept to be 80 ℃, and the wheat is rapidly dried to reduce the water content of the wheat. When the moisture content of the wheat is reduced to 22% (the set starting tempering moisture content) indicating that the drying of the free water and the physically combined water is finished, the grain dryer transmits the information to the PC for displaying, and the first stage is finished.
And step three, after the free water is dried, entering a second drying stage. This in-process grain drying machine stops drying operation, starts slow su, and the temperature can constantly reduce in the dry storehouse this moment, and when the temperature dropped to 60 ℃ (set up slow su finish temperature) in dry storehouse, slow su ended, and the second stage is ended.
And step four, after tempering is finished, entering a third stage of drying. The single chip microcomputer in the grain dryer controls the temperature adjusting device to enable the grain dryer to constantly output 60 ℃ to dry the wheat, and free water converted from the chemically combined water is dried to continuously reduce the water content of the wheat. When the moisture content of the wheat is reduced to 12 percent (the set moisture content of the finished drying), the drying is finished, the grain dryer stops heating at the moment, the information is transmitted to the PC for displaying, the third stage is finished, and the whole drying process is finished.
Thus, the drying of the wheat can be completed. The grain drying system is simple in structure, easy to operate, stable in data transmission and convenient to install and maintain. And the grain drying system controls the grain dryer to output different temperatures in different drying stages, controls the temperature output by the grain dryer to be higher in the first stage so as to realize the rapid drying of wheat, controls the grain dryer to stop drying work in the second stage, performs tempering, enters the third stage after tempering is completed, controls the temperature output by the grain dryer to be lower, prevents the condition that the quality of the wheat is reduced due to excessive drying caused by overhigh temperature, saves energy, reduces consumption, and completes the drying of the wheat with quality and efficiency preservation.
In addition, in order to achieve more sufficient tempering, the preset program of the single chip microcomputer can be adjusted, a tempering switch is added to the PC end, and tempering time is prolonged. In order to determine the accurate humidity in the drying process of the wheat, a small sampling hole can be arranged at the middle section of the drying bin, and a sample is taken out and measured by a precision instrument to be used as later-stage data optimization reference.
And in the drying preparation stage and after the drying preparation is finished, taking a part of samples, and measuring the delta E in the drying process of the wheat by utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance. Using the initial moisture content M of wheat0And the calculation result of the drying and activating energy E of the wheat moisture with the target wheat moisture content M is compared with the loss in the real-time drying process, so that the optimization is facilitated. Wherein M is utilized0The formula for calculating E from M is:
E＝(0.213-M)/(M0-M)×(E1+E2)+(M0-0.213)/(M0-M)×E2
wherein 0.213 is the initial moisture of most wheat, E1Is the drying activation energy of wheat itself, E2To bind water to convert the activation energy, E1And E2All have a range of results, which can be detected by nuclear magnetic resonance.
In this example, the drying object is wheat, and the set temperatures are: the initial high temperature is set to 80 ℃, the tempering finishing temperature is set to 60 ℃, the beginning tempering water content is set to 22%, the drying finishing water content is set to 12%, and the several temperatures are adjustable, for example, because the drying object is wheat, the initial high temperature is set to 70-80 ℃, the tempering finishing temperature is set to 50-60 ℃, the beginning tempering water content is set to 22-23%, the drying finishing water content is set to 11-12%, and the several drying objects are other types of grains, and the several set temperatures need to be adjusted adaptively.
The method comprises the following steps:
an embodiment of a grain drying method according to the present invention is a grain drying method introduced in an embodiment of a grain drying system, and is not described herein again.
Claims (10)
1. A grain drying method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) monitoring the water content of the grain in real time, and drying the grain to be dried at a set initial high temperature to control and reduce the water content of the grain;
2) when the water content of the grain is reduced to the set tempering starting water content, stopping drying until the temperature of the grain is reduced to the set tempering finishing temperature;
3) when the temperature of the grains is reduced to the set tempering finishing temperature, drying the grains at the set tempering finishing temperature until the water content of the grains is reduced to the set drying finishing water content, and finishing the grain drying;
wherein the set initial high temperature is greater than the set tempering end temperature, and the set beginning tempering water content is greater than the set drying completion water content.
2. The grain drying method according to claim 1, wherein the grain is wheat, and the set initial high temperature is 70 ℃ to 80 ℃.
3. The grain drying method according to claim 1, wherein the grain is wheat, and the set tempering finishing temperature is 50 ℃ to 60 ℃.
4. The grain drying method according to claim 1, wherein the grain is wheat, and the set starting tempering water content is 22% -23%.
5. The grain drying method according to claim 1, wherein the grain is wheat, and the set drying completion moisture content is 11% to 12%.
6. A grain drying system is characterized by comprising a grain dryer, wherein the grain dryer comprises a drying bin, a hot air pipeline, a water content monitoring module, a temperature adjusting device, a hot air pipeline and a control device;
the drying bin is used for placing grains to be dried;
the temperature adjusting device is used for changing the temperature of hot air output by the hot air pipeline;
the water content monitoring module is used for monitoring the water content of the grain to be dried in real time;
the control device comprises a memory and a processor for executing instructions stored in the memory to implement the grain drying method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The grain drying system of claim 6, wherein the water content monitoring module comprises a flow sensor disposed in the hot air duct, an inlet humidity detection device of the hot air duct, and an outlet humidity detection device of the hot air duct.
8. The grain drying system of claim 7, wherein the air inlet humidity detection device is a humidity sensor and/or a pressure sensor disposed at an air inlet of the hot air duct, and the air outlet humidity detection device is a humidity sensor and/or a pressure sensor disposed at an air outlet of the hot air duct.
9. The grain drying system of claim 6, wherein the drying bin is provided with a sampling hole.
10. The grain drying system of claim 6, further comprising a human-machine interaction module coupled to the grain dryer for performing data interaction.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113418378A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-21 | 安徽益禾机械有限公司 | Grain drying machine capable of detecting material humidity |
| CN115736009A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-03-07 | 吉林大学 | Remote network drying production testing information system and production testing method |
| CN117781620B (en) * | 2024-02-23 | 2024-04-26 | 临朐天利生物制品有限公司 | Pagodatree flower bud drying system |
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