CN112177848A - Method for improving starting performance of horizontal axis wind turbine - Google Patents

Method for improving starting performance of horizontal axis wind turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112177848A
CN112177848A CN202011048678.9A CN202011048678A CN112177848A CN 112177848 A CN112177848 A CN 112177848A CN 202011048678 A CN202011048678 A CN 202011048678A CN 112177848 A CN112177848 A CN 112177848A
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China
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wind
wind speed
speed
wind turbine
horizontal axis
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CN202011048678.9A
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CN112177848B (en
Inventor
张大千
李国文
朱建勇
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Shenyang Aerospace University
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Shenyang Aerospace University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/026Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for starting-up
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/002Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being horizontal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00Control
    • F05B2270/60Control system actuates through
    • F05B2270/602Control system actuates through electrical actuators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30Wind power
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

A method for improving the starting performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine comprises the following steps: building a horizontal shaft wind turbine experimental device in the open wind tunnel; setting a blade installation angle; carrying out a blowing experiment, wherein the wind speed is gradually increased until the wind turbine is started, and the experimental wind speed is the starting wind speed; gradually reducing the experimental wind speed by taking the starting wind speed as a starting point until the wind turbine stops running, wherein the previous experimental wind speed of the experimental wind speed is the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine; adjusting the installation angle of the blade, and repeating the experimental process; selecting a wind field, erecting a horizontal shaft wind turbine, setting a blade installation angle, and assembling a wind turbine translation driving mechanism; and measuring the wind speed of natural wind, and when the wind speed of the natural wind is between the starting wind speed and the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind machine, driving the wind machine to move against the wind by virtue of a wind machine translation driving mechanism, wherein the moving speed of the against wind is the difference value of the starting wind speed and the wind speed of the natural wind, so that the combined speed of the moving speed of the against wind and the wind speed of the natural wind reaches the starting wind speed until the wind machine is started.

Description

Method for improving starting performance of horizontal axis wind turbine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind energy utilization, and particularly relates to a method for improving starting performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine.
Background
For a lift force type horizontal shaft wind turbine, although the lift force type horizontal shaft wind turbine has the characteristics of high tip speed ratio and high wind energy utilization rate, the problem that the wind turbine is difficult to start always exists, the wind turbine is difficult to start due to the fact that the starting wind speed of the wind turbine is high, even if the wind turbine starts smoothly, once the wind speed is reduced to a certain degree, the wind turbine stops rotating, the wind turbine is likely to be incapable of starting automatically, and therefore the wind turbine cannot work normally. The factors influencing the starting wind speed of the wind turbine include a plurality of factors, including the self equipment resistance factor of the wind turbine, the angle between the incoming flow and the blade, and the like, so that in order to enable the wind turbine to obtain a low starting wind speed, a large installation angle is generally provided for the blade, and at present, the large installation angle requirement when the wind turbine is started is mostly met by a variable pitch mode. In addition, the starting wind speed of the wind turbine is much higher than the wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine, and the operation of the wind turbine can be maintained at a low wind speed as long as the wind turbine can be started smoothly. However, at the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine, the wind turbine cannot be started up normally, and thus cannot generate electricity, which inevitably reduces the wind energy utilization rate of the wind turbine.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the starting performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine, which can start the wind turbine to generate power at the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine and effectively improve the wind energy utilization rate of the wind turbine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for improving starting performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a horizontal shaft wind turbine experimental device in the open wind tunnel;
step two: adjusting the blade installation angle of a horizontal axis wind turbine to a set value;
step three: carrying out a blowing experiment through an open wind tunnel, controlling the experiment wind speed to be increased from 0 step by step, wherein the interval of each stage of experiment wind speed is 0.2m/s, the maintaining time of each stage of experiment wind speed is 30s until the horizontal axis wind turbine is started, the experiment wind speed at the moment is the starting wind speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine, and finally, recording and storing the obtained starting wind speed;
step four: controlling the experiment wind speed to be gradually reduced from the starting wind speed by taking the starting wind speed as a starting point, wherein the interval of each level of experiment wind speed is 0.2m/s, the maintaining time of each level of experiment wind speed is 30s until the horizontal axis wind turbine stops rotating, and the experiment wind speed at the moment can not maintain the normal operation of the wind turbine, so that the experiment wind speed at the previous level is the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine, and finally, recording and storing the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine;
step five: changing the blade installation angle of the horizontal axis wind turbine, repeating the third step and the fourth step, and obtaining the starting wind speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine and the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine under the installation angles of other blades;
step six: selecting a wind field, arranging a horizontal axis wind turbine frame in the wind field, setting a blade installation angle of a horizontal axis wind turbine, and configuring a wind turbine translation driving mechanism for the horizontal axis wind turbine; the translation driving mechanism of the wind turbine comprises a base, a sliding rail, a lead screw, a nut sliding table and a servo motor, wherein the sliding rail is horizontally arranged on the base; a wind speed probe is arranged at the front end of a fairing of the horizontal axis wind turbine;
step seven: the wind speed probe is used for measuring the wind speed of natural wind in real time, when the wind speed of the natural wind is between the starting wind speed and the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine, the servo motor is started to drive the screw rod to rotate, the screw nut sliding table and the horizontal axis wind turbine on the screw nut sliding table are further driven to move upwind along the sliding rail, the upwind moving speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine is the difference value of the starting wind speed and the wind speed of the natural wind, the combined speed of the upwind moving speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine and the wind speed of the natural wind can reach the starting wind speed at the moment, and.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for improving the starting performance of the horizontal axis wind turbine can start the wind turbine to generate power at the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine, and effectively improves the wind energy utilization rate of the wind turbine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal axis wind turbine and a translational driving mechanism of the wind turbine after assembly;
in the figure, 1 is a base, 2 is a sliding rail, 3 is a lead screw, 4 is a nut sliding table, 5 is a servo motor, 6 is a wind speed probe, and 7 is a horizontal shaft wind turbine.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
A method for improving starting performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building an experimental device of a horizontal axis wind turbine 7 in the open wind tunnel; in the embodiment, the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 is a small horizontal axis wind turbine, the power is 1KW, the rotation diameter of an impeller is 1000mm, and the rated working wind speed is 10 m/s;
step two: adjusting the blade installation angle of the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 to a set value; in the embodiment, the set values of the blade installation angles are respectively 6 degrees, 8 degrees, 10 degrees, 12 degrees, 14 degrees and 16 degrees, and the experiment is repeated according to the sequence of the installation angles from small to large during the experiment;
step three: carrying out a blowing experiment through an open wind tunnel, controlling the experiment wind speed to be increased from 0 step by step, wherein the interval of each stage of experiment wind speed is 0.2m/s, the maintaining time of each stage of experiment wind speed is 30s, and the experiment wind speed is the starting wind speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 at the moment, and finally, recording and storing the obtained starting wind speed;
step four: controlling the experiment wind speed to be gradually reduced from the starting wind speed by taking the starting wind speed as a starting point, wherein the interval of each level of experiment wind speed is 0.2m/s, the maintaining time of each level of experiment wind speed is 30s until the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 stops rotating, and the experiment wind speed at the moment can not maintain the normal operation of the wind turbine, so that the experiment wind speed at the previous level is the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine, and finally, recording and storing the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine;
step five: changing the blade installation angle of the horizontal axis wind turbine 7, repeating the third step and the fourth step, and obtaining the starting wind speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 under the installation angles of other blades and the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine; in this embodiment, the acquired starting wind speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 at different blade installation angles and the minimum wind speed for maintaining normal operation of the wind turbine are summarized in table 1;
TABLE 1
Blade mounting angle (degree) 6 8 10 12 14 16
Starting wind speed (m/s) 8.2 7.6 7.2 6.4 5.2 4.2
Maintaining a wind turbineMinimum wind speed for Normal operation (m/s) 4.6 5.4 6.0 5.6 4.6 4
Step six: selecting a wind field, erecting a horizontal axis wind turbine 7 in the wind field, setting a blade installation angle of the horizontal axis wind turbine 7, and configuring a set of wind turbine translation driving mechanism for the horizontal axis wind turbine 7, wherein the assembled wind field and the assembled wind turbine translation driving mechanism are shown in figure 1; the translation driving mechanism of the wind turbine comprises a base 1, a sliding rail 2, a lead screw 3, a nut sliding table 4 and a servo motor 5, wherein the sliding rail 2 is horizontally arranged on the base 1, the lead screw 3 is horizontally arranged above the sliding rail 2, the lead screw 3 is parallel to the sliding rail 2, the nut sliding table 4 is arranged between the lead screw 3 and the sliding rail 2, the nut sliding table 4 can linearly move along the sliding rail 2, the servo motor 5 is horizontally arranged on the base 1, a motor shaft of the servo motor 5 is coaxially and fixedly connected with the lead screw 3, and the horizontal shaft wind turbine 1 is arranged on the nut sliding table 4; a wind speed probe 6 is arranged at the front end of a fairing of the horizontal axis wind turbine 1;
step seven: the wind speed probe 6 is used for measuring the wind speed of natural wind in real time, when the wind speed of the natural wind is between the starting wind speed and the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine, the servo motor 5 is started to drive the screw rod 3 to rotate, the screw nut sliding table 4 and the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 on the screw nut sliding table are further driven to move upwind along the sliding rail 2, the upwind moving speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 is the difference value of the starting wind speed and the wind speed of the natural wind, the combined speed of the upwind moving speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 and the wind speed of the natural wind can reach the starting wind speed at the moment, and the servo.
In the embodiment, the blade installation angle is 8 degrees, the actual measured value of the natural wind speed is 6m/s, and the natural wind speed is obviously lower than the starting wind speed of 7.6m/s, so that in a conventional state, the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 cannot be started at the natural wind speed of 6m/s, and meanwhile, the natural wind speed of 6m/s is higher than the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine, if the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 cannot be started smoothly, the natural wind of 6m/s cannot be used for generating electricity, and the wind energy utilization rate of the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 is obviously reduced. Therefore, the upwind moving speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 is 1.6m/s by calculating the difference between the starting wind speed and the natural wind speed, so that the relative speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 and the natural wind can be increased to 7.6m/s only by driving the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 to move upwind according to the speed of 1.6m/s by the servo motor 5, the starting wind speed is achieved, and finally the horizontal axis wind turbine 7 is started at a low wind speed.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for improving starting performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a horizontal shaft wind turbine experimental device in the open wind tunnel;
step two: adjusting the blade installation angle of a horizontal axis wind turbine to a set value;
step three: carrying out a blowing experiment through an open wind tunnel, controlling the experiment wind speed to be increased from 0 step by step, wherein the interval of each stage of experiment wind speed is 0.2m/s, the maintaining time of each stage of experiment wind speed is 30s until the horizontal axis wind turbine is started, the experiment wind speed at the moment is the starting wind speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine, and finally, recording and storing the obtained starting wind speed;
step four: controlling the experiment wind speed to be gradually reduced from the starting wind speed by taking the starting wind speed as a starting point, wherein the interval of each level of experiment wind speed is 0.2m/s, the maintaining time of each level of experiment wind speed is 30s until the horizontal axis wind turbine stops rotating, and the experiment wind speed at the moment can not maintain the normal operation of the wind turbine, so that the experiment wind speed at the previous level is the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine, and finally, recording and storing the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine;
step five: changing the blade installation angle of the horizontal axis wind turbine, repeating the third step and the fourth step, and obtaining the starting wind speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine and the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine under the installation angles of other blades;
step six: selecting a wind field, arranging a horizontal axis wind turbine frame in the wind field, setting a blade installation angle of a horizontal axis wind turbine, and configuring a wind turbine translation driving mechanism for the horizontal axis wind turbine; the translation driving mechanism of the wind turbine comprises a base, a sliding rail, a lead screw, a nut sliding table and a servo motor, wherein the sliding rail is horizontally arranged on the base; a wind speed probe is arranged at the front end of a fairing of the horizontal axis wind turbine;
step seven: the wind speed probe is used for measuring the wind speed of natural wind in real time, when the wind speed of the natural wind is between the starting wind speed and the minimum wind speed for maintaining the normal operation of the wind turbine, the servo motor is started to drive the screw rod to rotate, the screw nut sliding table and the horizontal axis wind turbine on the screw nut sliding table are further driven to move upwind along the sliding rail, the upwind moving speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine is the difference value of the starting wind speed and the wind speed of the natural wind, the combined speed of the upwind moving speed of the horizontal axis wind turbine and the wind speed of the natural wind can reach the starting wind speed at the moment, and.
CN202011048678.9A 2020-09-29 2020-09-29 Method for improving starting performance of horizontal axis wind turbine Expired - Fee Related CN112177848B (en)

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