CN110863942A - Energy-gathering horizontal shaft wind turbine for improving wind energy utilization rate and using method - Google Patents
Energy-gathering horizontal shaft wind turbine for improving wind energy utilization rate and using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110863942A CN110863942A CN201911337917.XA CN201911337917A CN110863942A CN 110863942 A CN110863942 A CN 110863942A CN 201911337917 A CN201911337917 A CN 201911337917A CN 110863942 A CN110863942 A CN 110863942A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/60—Control system actuates through
- F05B2270/602—Control system actuates through electrical actuators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
An energy-gathering horizontal axis wind turbine for improving the utilization rate of wind energy and a using method thereof are disclosed, wherein the wind turbine comprises an energy-gathering cover, a wind turbine impeller, an impeller axial position adjusting mechanism, a temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor and a boundary layer probe. The method comprises the following steps: moving the energy-gathering cover into the wind tunnel to perform a calibration experiment, and selecting a measuring section; measuring the thickness data of the boundary layer at each section and the temperature data at the moment under the set wind speed; adjusting the wind speed and the temperature, and measuring the thickness data of the boundary layer again; under the same wind speed and temperature, the data are summarized to obtain a regular curve of the boundary layer thickness changing along with the position of the measured section; under the same measuring section and different wind speeds, the data are summarized to obtain a regular curve of the boundary layer thickness changing along with the wind speed; under the same wind speed and different temperatures, the data are summarized to obtain a regular curve of the boundary layer thickness along with the change of the airflow temperature; establishing a database; and moving the wind turbine into a working area, comparing the measured data with a database, determining the position of the maximum section of the flow velocity, and moving the impeller to the position of the maximum section of the flow velocity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and particularly relates to an energy-gathering horizontal shaft wind turbine for improving the utilization rate of wind energy and a using method thereof.
Background
At present, most of large wind generating sets running in a grid-connected mode are horizontal-axis wind generating sets, and horizontal-axis wind turbines generally work by means of tangential component force of lift force of blades on a rotating section and are commonly called lift force type wind turbines.
Although the lift force type wind turbine has the advantages of high tip speed ratio and high wind energy utilization rate, the lift force type wind turbine also has the defect of weak starting performance, the starting wind speed of the common lift force type wind turbine is over 5m/s, and the starting wind speed of the individual lift force type wind turbine is even up to 7m/s, so that the generated energy and the generating range of the wind turbine are reduced.
Therefore, in order to overcome the defect that the lifting force type wind turbine is weak in starting performance, technicians add an energy-gathering cover outside the traditional horizontal axis wind turbine, and can increase the wind speed through the energy-gathering cover, wherein the wind speed can be increased by about 1.5-2 times.
However, the conventional energy-gathering horizontal axis wind turbine has a limitation, because the position relationship between the wind turbine impeller and the energy-gathering cover is not changed after the wind turbine impeller and the energy-gathering cover are assembled together, in the practical application process, the position of the maximum wind speed in the energy-gathering cover is not constant, that is, the wind turbine impeller cannot be kept at the maximum wind speed all the time, so that the conventional energy-gathering horizontal axis wind turbine cannot obtain the maximum wind energy utilization rate.
The position of the maximum wind speed in the energy-gathering cover is not constant, because the inner surface of the energy-gathering cover is not absolutely smooth when air flows through the inner surface of the energy-gathering cover, and the air also has viscosity, when the air flows tightly close to the inner surface of the energy-gathering cover, certain blocking force is applied, even the flow velocity of the layer of air closest to the inner surface of the energy-gathering cover is zero, the flow velocity of the layer of air with the flow velocity of zero at the first layer influences the flow velocity of the layer of air at the last layer through the viscosity action, so that the flow velocity of the layer of air at the last layer is correspondingly reduced, and so on, the layer of air flowing tightly close to the inner surface of the energy-gathering cover influences the layer of air at last layer, and finally, a thin layer of air with the flow velocity gradually increased.
Therefore, when airflow flows through the inner surface of the energy-gathering cover, the boundary layer is formed on the inner surface of the energy-gathering cover and changes along with the speed and the temperature of the airflow, the position of the maximum cross section of the airflow flow speed in the energy-gathering cover also changes along with the change under the influence of the changed boundary layer, and the position of the impeller of the wind turbine cannot be changed, so that the impeller of the wind turbine cannot be located at the maximum cross section of the airflow flow speed constantly, and finally the traditional energy-gathering horizontal axis wind turbine cannot meet the maximum requirement on the wind energy utilization rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the energy-gathering horizontal shaft wind turbine for improving the wind energy utilization rate and the use method thereof, the structure of the energy-gathering horizontal shaft wind turbine is brand-new designed, so that the impeller of the wind turbine has the axial position adjusting capability, the axial position of the impeller of the wind turbine can be adjusted according to the thickness real-time data of the boundary layer, the impeller of the wind turbine is constantly kept at the section with the maximum airflow flow velocity, and finally the maximum requirement on the wind energy utilization rate is met. Meanwhile, when the ambient wind speed is too high, in order to ensure the safety of the horizontal axis wind turbine, the impeller of the wind turbine can be axially adjusted to the section with the lowest airflow flow velocity, so that the real-time rotating speed of the impeller of the wind turbine is reduced, the safety of the horizontal axis wind turbine is ensured, and the continuous power generation of the horizontal axis wind turbine can be realized without forced shutdown.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an energy-gathering horizontal shaft wind turbine for improving the utilization rate of wind energy comprises an energy-gathering cover, a wind turbine impeller axial position adjusting mechanism, a temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor and a boundary layer probe; the energy-gathering cover is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the impeller of the wind turbine, and the temperature sensor and the wind speed sensor are both arranged on the windward side cover body of the energy-gathering cover; a plurality of boundary layer probe holes are formed in the cover body of the energy-gathering cover along the axial direction, and a boundary layer probe is arranged in each boundary layer probe hole; the axial position adjusting mechanism of the wind turbine impeller comprises a base, a sliding table guide rail seat, a nut sliding table, a lead screw, a stepping motor and a coupler; the sliding table guide rail seat is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the base, the sliding table guide rail seat is parallel to the central axis of the impeller of the wind turbine, the screw rod is horizontally arranged above the sliding table guide rail seat through a bearing, the screw rod is parallel to the sliding table guide rail seat, the stepping motor is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the base, and a motor shaft of the stepping motor is fixedly connected with the end part of the screw rod through a coupler; the nut sliding table is sleeved on the lead screw and can linearly move along the sliding table guide rail seat; the wind turbine impeller is fixedly arranged on the nut sliding table through a fairing of the wind turbine impeller.
The use method of the energy-gathering type horizontal shaft wind turbine for improving the wind energy utilization rate comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: moving an energy-gathering cover of the energy-gathering horizontal shaft wind turbine into the wind tunnel to perform a calibration experiment, and manually selecting a measuring section according to the position of the boundary layer probe;
step two: starting the wind tunnel, respectively measuring the thickness data of the boundary layer at each measuring section through the boundary layer probe under the set wind speed, simultaneously measuring the temperature data at the moment through the temperature sensor, and then storing the boundary layer thickness data and the temperature data under the set wind speed into a computer;
step three: adjusting the set wind speed, repeating the step two for at least five times, wherein the set wind speed is different when the test is repeated each time;
step four: adjusting the temperature of the airflow, repeating the step two for at least five times, wherein the temperature of the airflow is different when the test is repeated each time;
step five: under the same set wind speed and the same airflow temperature, the boundary layer thickness data of all the measured cross sections are collected to obtain a regular curve of the boundary layer thickness changing along with the position of the measured cross section;
step six: at the same measuring section and under different set wind speeds, the boundary layer thickness data at the measuring section are collected to obtain a regular curve of the boundary layer thickness changing along with the wind speed;
step seven: under the same set wind speed and different airflow temperatures, the boundary layer thickness data of all the measured cross sections are collected to obtain a regular curve of the boundary layer thickness along with the airflow temperature change;
step eight: uniformly storing the data of each rule curve obtained in the fifth step, the sixth step and the seventh step into a computer, and simultaneously establishing a corresponding database;
step nine: moving the energy-gathering type horizontal shaft wind turbine into a working area integrally, and simultaneously enabling an impeller of the wind turbine to be initially positioned at the minimum section of the energy-gathering cover;
step ten: when the impeller of the wind turbine rotates to generate power, the temperature of air flow is measured in real time through the temperature sensor, meanwhile, the ambient wind speed is measured in real time through the wind speed sensor, the obtained temperature data and wind speed data are compared with calibration experiment data in a database, the distribution state of the boundary layer thickness at the moment on the inner surface of the energy-gathering cover is correspondingly found, and then the position of the maximum cross section of the flow velocity of the air flow in the energy-gathering cover is determined;
step eleven: the stepping motor is started to drive the lead screw to rotate, and then the screw sliding table is driven to move along the sliding table guide rail seat, so that the axial position of the impeller of the wind turbine is adjusted until the impeller of the wind turbine moves to the position of the maximum cross section of the airflow flow velocity in the energy gathering cover, and finally the wind energy utilization rate is maximized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the energy-gathering horizontal shaft wind turbine for improving the wind energy utilization rate and the use method thereof have the advantages that the structure of the energy-gathering horizontal shaft wind turbine is brand-new designed, so that the impeller of the wind turbine has the axial position adjusting capacity, the axial position of the impeller of the wind turbine can be adjusted according to the thickness real-time data of the boundary layer, the impeller of the wind turbine is constantly kept at the section with the maximum airflow flow velocity, and the maximum requirement on the wind energy utilization rate is finally met. Meanwhile, when the ambient wind speed is too high, in order to ensure the safety of the horizontal axis wind turbine, the impeller of the wind turbine can be axially adjusted to the section with the lowest airflow flow velocity, so that the real-time rotating speed of the impeller of the wind turbine is reduced, the safety of the horizontal axis wind turbine is ensured, and the continuous power generation of the horizontal axis wind turbine can be realized without forced shutdown.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal axis wind turbine of energy-gathering type for improving the utilization rate of wind energy according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is an energy gathering cover, 2 is a wind turbine impeller, 3 is a temperature sensor, 4 is a wind speed sensor, 5 is a boundary layer probe, 6 is a base, 7 is a sliding table guide rail seat, 8 is a nut sliding table, 9 is a lead screw, 10 is a stepping motor, 11 is a coupler, and 12 is a boundary layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, an energy-gathering horizontal axis wind turbine for improving the wind energy utilization rate comprises an energy-gathering cover 1, a wind turbine impeller 2, a wind turbine impeller axial position adjusting mechanism, a temperature sensor 3, a wind speed sensor 4 and a boundary layer probe 5; the energy-gathering cover 1 is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the wind turbine impeller 2, and the temperature sensor 3 and the wind speed sensor 4 are both arranged on the windward side cover body of the energy-gathering cover 1; a plurality of boundary layer probe holes are formed in the cover body of the energy-gathering cover 1 along the axial direction, and a boundary layer probe 5 is arranged in each boundary layer probe hole; the axial position adjusting mechanism of the wind turbine impeller comprises a base 6, a sliding table guide rail seat 7, a nut sliding table 8, a lead screw 9, a stepping motor 10 and a coupler 11; the sliding table guide rail seat 7 is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the base 6, the sliding table guide rail seat 7 is parallel to the central axis of the wind turbine impeller 2, the screw 9 is horizontally arranged above the sliding table guide rail seat 7 through a bearing, the screw 9 is parallel to the sliding table guide rail seat 7, the stepping motor 10 is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the base 6, and a motor shaft of the stepping motor 10 is fixedly connected with the end part of the screw 9 through a coupling 11; the nut sliding table 8 is sleeved on the screw rod 9, and the nut sliding table 8 can move linearly along the sliding table guide rail seat 7; the wind turbine impeller 2 is fixedly arranged on the nut sliding table 8 through a fairing of the wind turbine impeller.
The use method of the energy-gathering type horizontal shaft wind turbine for improving the wind energy utilization rate comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: moving an energy-gathering cover 1 of the energy-gathering horizontal axis wind turbine into a wind tunnel for calibration experiment, and artificially selecting a measuring section according to the position of a boundary layer probe 5; in the embodiment, the number of the boundary layer probes 5 is five, and the measuring section of the position of the third boundary layer probe 5 in the middle is set as the throat section of the energy-gathering cover;
step two: starting the wind tunnel, respectively measuring the thickness data of the boundary layer 12 at each measuring section through the boundary layer probe 5 at a set wind speed, simultaneously measuring the temperature data at the moment through the temperature sensor 3, and then storing the thickness data and the temperature data of the boundary layer 12 at the set wind speed into a computer;
step three: adjusting the set wind speed, repeating the step two for at least five times, wherein the set wind speed is different when the test is repeated each time;
step four: adjusting the temperature of the airflow, repeating the step two for at least five times, wherein the temperature of the airflow is different when the test is repeated each time;
step five: under the same set wind speed and the same airflow temperature, the thickness data of the boundary layer 12 at all the measuring cross sections are collected to obtain a regular curve of the thickness of the boundary layer 12 changing along with the position of the measuring cross section;
step six: summarizing the thickness data of the boundary layer 12 at the measuring section at the same measuring section and under different set wind speeds to obtain a regular curve of the thickness of the boundary layer 12 along with the change of the wind speed;
step seven: under the same set wind speed and different airflow temperatures, the thickness data of the boundary layer 12 at all the measuring cross sections are summarized to obtain a regular curve of the thickness of the boundary layer 12 along with the change of the airflow temperatures;
step eight: uniformly storing the data of each rule curve obtained in the fifth step, the sixth step and the seventh step into a computer, and simultaneously establishing a corresponding database;
step nine: integrally moving the energy-gathering horizontal shaft wind turbine into a working area, and simultaneously initially positioning an impeller 2 of the wind turbine at the minimum section of an energy-gathering cover 1;
step ten: when the wind turbine impeller 2 rotates to generate electricity, the temperature of air flow is measured in real time through the temperature sensor 3, meanwhile, the ambient wind speed is measured in real time through the wind speed sensor 4, the obtained temperature data and wind speed data are compared with calibration experiment data in a database, the distribution state of the thickness of the boundary layer 12 at the moment on the inner surface of the energy-gathering cover 1 is correspondingly found, and then the position of the maximum cross section of the flow velocity of the air flow in the energy-gathering cover 1 is determined;
step eleven: the stepping motor 10 is started to drive the screw rod 9 to rotate, and then the nut sliding table 8 is driven to move along the sliding table guide rail seat 7, so that the axial position of the wind turbine impeller 2 is adjusted until the wind turbine impeller 2 moves to the position of the section with the maximum airflow flow velocity in the energy-gathering cover 1, and finally the wind energy utilization rate is maximized.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a gather ability type horizontal axis wind turbine for improving wind energy utilization ratio which characterized in that: the device comprises an energy gathering cover, a wind turbine impeller axial position adjusting mechanism, a temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor and a boundary layer probe; the energy-gathering cover is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the impeller of the wind turbine, and the temperature sensor and the wind speed sensor are both arranged on the windward side cover body of the energy-gathering cover; a plurality of boundary layer probe holes are formed in the cover body of the energy-gathering cover along the axial direction, and a boundary layer probe is arranged in each boundary layer probe hole; the axial position adjusting mechanism of the wind turbine impeller comprises a base, a sliding table guide rail seat, a nut sliding table, a lead screw, a stepping motor and a coupler; the sliding table guide rail seat is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the base, the sliding table guide rail seat is parallel to the central axis of the impeller of the wind turbine, the screw rod is horizontally arranged above the sliding table guide rail seat through a bearing, the screw rod is parallel to the sliding table guide rail seat, the stepping motor is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the base, and a motor shaft of the stepping motor is fixedly connected with the end part of the screw rod through a coupler; the nut sliding table is sleeved on the lead screw and can linearly move along the sliding table guide rail seat; the wind turbine impeller is fixedly arranged on the nut sliding table through a fairing of the wind turbine impeller.
2. The method of using the horizontal axis wind turbine with energy concentrating for improving wind energy utilization rate as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: moving an energy-gathering cover of the energy-gathering horizontal shaft wind turbine into the wind tunnel to perform a calibration experiment, and manually selecting a measuring section according to the position of the boundary layer probe;
step two: starting the wind tunnel, respectively measuring the thickness data of the boundary layer at each measuring section through the boundary layer probe under the set wind speed, simultaneously measuring the temperature data at the moment through the temperature sensor, and then storing the boundary layer thickness data and the temperature data under the set wind speed into a computer;
step three: adjusting the set wind speed, repeating the step two for at least five times, wherein the set wind speed is different when the test is repeated each time;
step four: adjusting the temperature of the airflow, repeating the step two for at least five times, wherein the temperature of the airflow is different when the test is repeated each time;
step five: under the same set wind speed and the same airflow temperature, the boundary layer thickness data of all the measured cross sections are collected to obtain a regular curve of the boundary layer thickness changing along with the position of the measured cross section;
step six: at the same measuring section and under different set wind speeds, the boundary layer thickness data at the measuring section are collected to obtain a regular curve of the boundary layer thickness changing along with the wind speed;
step seven: under the same set wind speed and different airflow temperatures, the boundary layer thickness data of all the measured cross sections are collected to obtain a regular curve of the boundary layer thickness along with the airflow temperature change;
step eight: uniformly storing the data of each rule curve obtained in the fifth step, the sixth step and the seventh step into a computer, and simultaneously establishing a corresponding database;
step nine: moving the energy-gathering type horizontal shaft wind turbine into a working area integrally, and simultaneously enabling an impeller of the wind turbine to be initially positioned at the minimum section of the energy-gathering cover;
step ten: when the impeller of the wind turbine rotates to generate power, the temperature of air flow is measured in real time through the temperature sensor, meanwhile, the ambient wind speed is measured in real time through the wind speed sensor, the obtained temperature data and wind speed data are compared with calibration experiment data in a database, the distribution state of the boundary layer thickness at the moment on the inner surface of the energy-gathering cover is correspondingly found, and then the position of the maximum cross section of the flow velocity of the air flow in the energy-gathering cover is determined;
step eleven: the stepping motor is started to drive the lead screw to rotate, and then the screw sliding table is driven to move along the sliding table guide rail seat, so that the axial position of the impeller of the wind turbine is adjusted until the impeller of the wind turbine moves to the position of the maximum cross section of the airflow flow velocity in the energy gathering cover, and finally the wind energy utilization rate is maximized.
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