CN112177593A - High-water-content oil-water emulsion water holdup measuring method based on microwave resonance sensor - Google Patents
High-water-content oil-water emulsion water holdup measuring method based on microwave resonance sensor Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring the water holding capacity of a high water-containing oil-water emulsion based on a microwave resonance sensor, wherein an adopted measuring system comprises a sensor and a vector network analyzer, and the method is characterized in that the sensor is an opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor and comprises a sensor pipeline, a transmitting polar plate, a receiving polar plate, a transmitting electrode, a receiving electrode, a transmitting polar plate and a receiving polar plate which are arc-shaped metal sheets which are matched with the outer wall of the sensor pipeline and are arranged in an opposite-wall type manner, the transmitting electrode is connected with the transmitting polar plate, and the receiving electrode is connected with the receiving polar plate. In the measurement mode, a microwave frequency sweep excitation mode is adopted, and the amplitude S of the high-water-content oil-water emulsion passing through the opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor is detected by a vector network analyzer21Parameter according to amplitude S21The parameters obtain resonance frequency, and the change of the water holding rate is reflected by the change of the resonance frequency, so that the measurement of the water holding rate of the two-phase flow of the high water-containing oil-water emulsion is realizedAmount of the compound (A).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-resolution measurement method for the water holding rate of two-phase flow of high-water-content oil-water emulsion in the field of dynamic monitoring of oil wells in the oil field development process.
Background
The phenomenon of oil-water two-phase flow is widely existed in nature and industrial production. At present, the low-yield low-permeability oil field adopts a secondary water injection technology for a long time, and generally enters a middle and late stage exploitation stage which is mainly characterized by low flow rate and high water content. In order to improve the recovery rate of crude oil, surfactant chemical flooding oil recovery technology is applied to oil field exploitation. Compared with the traditional water injection and gas injection crude oil exploitation, the chemical flooding method can improve the recovery ratio of the crude oil by about 20 percent. The surface active agent molecule has a hydrophilic oleophilic structure, and can be directionally arranged on an oil-water interface, so that the interfacial tension between oil and water is remarkably reduced, and the aim of emulsifying crude oil is fulfilled. However, the addition of the surfactant can greatly change the flow characteristics of the oil-water two-phase flow to form the phenomenon of mixed-phase flow of the oil-water two-phase flow emulsion, particularly, the size of dispersed phase droplets of the oil-in-water emulsion is very small, the coalescence or crushing mechanism of the droplets is complex, the slippage effect also exists between phases, and the water holding rate of the oil-in-water emulsion is difficult to accurately measure by adopting the traditional low-frequency electrical method.
The traditional method for measuring the water holding rate of the oil-water two-phase flow mainly comprises an electric conduction method and a capacitance method. As a conventional effective means for measuring the water retention rate parameter, the conductivity method is to measure the water retention rate according to the obvious conductivity change existing between oil and water phases, and the capacitance method is to realize the water retention rate parameter measurement according to the dielectric constant difference. The traditional conductance method has the defects that the measurement of the water holding capacity of the oil-water two-phase flow under the high water content flowing condition is greatly influenced by a sensor model and the electric field distribution, and the measurement resolution is low. For the traditional capacitance sensor, the capacitance sensor is mostly suitable for measuring the continuous phase non-conductive high oil content water holding rate, when the water content of the oil-water two-phase flow is high, the dielectric property between the capacitance polar plates is greatly influenced by the conduction current, and the measurement accuracy is low.
The microwave method is a dielectric medium measuring method under high frequency, and the absorption of the medium to the microwave is sensitive to the change of the dielectric constant of the medium. The microwave method for measuring the water content is widely applied to the fields of petroleum and coal exploitation, biomedicine, chemical materials, soil water sources and the like.
In recent years, the microwave resonant cavity method has attracted much attention due to its high sensitivity for measuring the content of a medium, and reflects the change of the content of the medium based on the change of the resonant frequency and the quality factor caused by the change of the dielectric constant of the medium inside the sensor. At present, the water holding rate of oil-water two-phase flow measured by a microwave resonance method is mostly of a water-in-oil flow type, and the water holding rate is difficult to measure with high resolution due to the extremely small bubble diameter of oil phase liquid drops of high water-containing oil-water emulsion and low measurement sensitivity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-resolution dynamic measurement method for the water holding rate of a high-water-content oil-water emulsion by a microwave resonance sensor. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a measuring method of high water-containing oil-water emulsion water holdup based on microwave resonance sensor, the adopted measuring system includes sensor and vector network analyzer, characterized in that, the sensor is a contra-wall type microwave resonance sensor, including sensor pipe, transmitting polar plate, receiving polar plate, transmitting electrode, receiving electrode, transmitting polar plate and receiving polar plate, all arc metal sheet matched with the outer wall of sensor pipe and arranged contra-wall, the transmitting electrode is connected with transmitting polar plate, the receiving electrode is connected with receiving polar plate.
In the measurement mode, a microwave frequency sweep excitation mode is adopted, when the water holding rate of the oil-in-water emulsion changes, an amplitude signal passing through a microwave resonance sensor changes, and meanwhile, the resonance frequency in a certain frequency band also changes regularly along with the change of the water holding rate; determining a sweep frequency excitation frequency band, and detecting the amplitude S of the high-water-content oil-water emulsion passing through the opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor by a vector network analyzer21Parameter according to amplitude S21The parameters obtain the resonant frequency, and the change of the water holding rate is reflected by the change of the resonant frequency to realize high water contentAnd (4) measuring the water holding rate of the two-phase flow of the water-oil-water emulsion.
Furthermore, the sensor also comprises a shielding layer, and the shielding layer is arranged on the peripheries of the transmitting polar plate and the receiving polar plate. The opening angle of the optimized transmitting polar plate and the receiving polar plate is 80 degrees, and the length of the optimized transmitting polar plate and the optimized receiving polar plate is 80 mm. The determined frequency sweep excitation frequency band is 2.2 GHz-2.8 GHz.
Sweep frequency excitation and amplitude S are carried out on the sensor through the vector network analyzer21Dynamically measuring the signal to obtain different water content amplitudes S at different flow velocities21Parameter curve to obtain corresponding resonance frequency, and normalized resonance frequency parameter gammaNorTo reflect the measurement resolution under different water contents:
in the formula of RFmFor measuring resonant frequency, RFwAt full water resonant frequency, RFhThe highest resonance frequency in the measurement range is used to obtain the normalized water holding capacity, and the obtained water holding capacity is the measured apparent water holding capacity.
More specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) in order to investigate the change condition of the resonant frequency of a wall-type microwave resonant sensor model under different water holdup rates, HFSS high-frequency simulation is carried out on the sensor, the dielectric constant of a medium in a pipeline is changed according to the linear relation between the dielectric constant of the medium in the pipeline and the water holdup rate for simulation, the change range of the water holdup rate is 80-100%, the change step length is 2%, and the amplitude S under different water holdup rates is obtained21Analyzing the sensitive relation between the resonant frequency and the water holding rate by using a parameter curve;
(2) transmitting microwave by using a transmitting polar plate of the opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor, receiving a microwave signal by a receiving polar plate of the microwave resonance sensor after the microwave signal passes through fluid, transmitting the microwave signal to a vector network analyzer, and obtaining an amplitude S through real-time analysis and processing of the vector network analyzer21A curve;
(3) and manufacturing a real object opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor according to the simulation result, and performing a static calibration experiment on the sensor. Preparing a surfactant aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.25%, and indicating the activityThe sex agent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, oil-in-water mixed emulsion with water holding rate of 80-100% is prepared in certain volume proportion, static calibration experiment is performed with vector network analyzer, and sweep frequency excitation is performed to obtain amplitude S21Analyzing the relation between the resonant frequency and the water holding capacity of the resonant sensor, and taking the resonant frequency moving range as a sweep frequency excitation frequency band;
(4) the dynamic experiment of the wall-type microwave resonant sensor for vertically lifting the water-containing oil-in-water emulsion is carried out, and the total flow of the oil-in-water emulsion is 1m3/d～5m3The moisture content is 80-100%, and the frequency sweep excitation and the amplitude S are carried out on the resonant sensor by the vector network analyzer21Dynamically measuring the signal, and performing scanning excitation in the determined frequency scanning excitation frequency band to obtain different water content amplitudes S at different flow rates21And (5) analyzing the parameter curve to obtain the resonant frequency.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) under the condition of high-water-content oil-in-water emulsion, the arc opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor disclosed by the invention finds that the resonance frequency of the microwave resonance sensor is sensitive to the change of the water holding rate in the sweep frequency excitation range of 2.2-2.8 GHz, and the water holding rate measurement resolution characteristic of the arc opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor is obviously superior to that of the traditional conductance method and capacitance method.
(2) The double-wall high-frequency microwave resonance sensor designed by the invention can effectively detect the tiny change of the water holding rate of the oil-in-water emulsion under the condition of adding the surfactant aqueous solution, reduce the influence generated by the dispersion phase distribution behavior and the interphase slipping effect, and accurately measure the change of the water holding rate when the water content is high.
(3) When the flow velocity is low, the change range of the resonant frequency is small because the slippage effect between oil and water is obvious; along with the increase of the flow velocity, the interphase slip effect is weakened, the change of the resonant frequency is only related to the water content, the change range of the resonant frequency is enlarged, and the water holding rate measurement resolution is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of an opposed wall type microwave resonance sensor, in which (a) and (b) are respectively an axial view and a tube sectional view.
Fig. 2 is a simulation of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of an all-water-time opposed-wall microwave resonant sensor under swept-frequency excitation.
FIG. 3 is a simulated amplitude S of the opposing-wall type microwave resonant sensor at varying water holdup21A parametric curve.
Fig. 4 is a simulation result of the resonant frequency of the opposing-wall type microwave resonant sensor at a varying water holding ratio.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the variable water holding capacity static calibration amplitude S of the contra-wall microwave resonance sensor21A parametric curve.
FIG. 6 is a comparison of static calibration and simulation results for the variable water holding ratio resonant frequency of the wall-type microwave resonant sensor.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic measurement device for water holdup of a contra-wall microwave resonance sensor.
FIG. 8 is an amplitude-frequency characteristic of a dynamic experiment of the water holding capacity of the opposing-wall microwave resonance sensor at different flow rates. (a) (b), (c), (d) and (e) correspond to a total flow rate of 1m3/d、2m3/d、3m3/d、4m3D and 5m3Variable water content amplitude frequency S at/d21Characteristic curve.
FIG. 9 shows the resonant frequency of the dynamic experiment of the water holding capacity of the opposing-wall microwave resonant sensor at different flow rates. (a) (b), (c), (d) and (e) respectively correspond to a total flow rate of 1m3/d、2m3/d、3m3/d、4m3D and 5m3The water content ratio change resonance point at/d changes.
FIG. 10 shows a total flow rate of 1m3/d、2m3/d、3m3/d、4m3D and 5m3And d, the relation between the water content and the resonant frequency of a dynamic experiment of the wall-facing type microwave resonance sensor for changing the water content.
FIG. 11 shows the results of the static calibration of the variable water holding capacity of the opposing-wall microwave resonant sensor and the total flow rate of 3m in the dynamic experiment3D and 5m3And d is comparison of the change of the resonant frequency.
In FIG. 12, the microwave resonance sensors are arranged at 1m3/d、2m3/d、3m3/d、4m3D and 5m3Water holdup measurement junction after/d time normalizationAnd (5) fruit.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1. an emitter electrode; 2. an emitting electrode plate; 3. a shielding layer; 4. a sensor conduit; 5. receiving the polar plate; 6. and a receiving electrode.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for measuring the water holdup of a counterfort microwave resonance sensor, which aims to solve the problem of measuring the water holdup of high water-containing oil-water emulsion. In the measurement mode, microwave frequency sweep excitation is adopted, when the water-holding rate of the oil-in-water emulsion changes, an amplitude signal passing through a microwave resonance sensor changes, and meanwhile, the resonance frequency in a certain frequency band also changes regularly along with the change of the water-holding rate. The sensor structure is composed of two transmitting polar plates and two receiving polar plates which are arc-shaped opposite walls, and an external shielding layer plays a role in protecting the electrodes. And (3) optimizing the size structure of the sensor by using HFSS simulation software and adopting a finite element analysis method, and finding out the optimal sweep excitation frequency band. On the basis, a contra-wall type microwave resonance sensor measuring system is set up, a vertically-ascending oil-water emulsion two-phase flow high-water-content water holding rate measuring experiment is carried out, and the amplitude S of the contra-wall type microwave resonance sensor is detected in real time through a vector network analyzer21And parameters reflect the change of the water holding rate through the change of the resonance frequency, and finally the high-resolution measurement of the water holding rate of the two-phase flow of the high-water-content oil-water emulsion is realized.
The dynamic experimental measurement is carried out in a vertical pipeline oil-water two-phase flow ring device with the inner diameter of 20mm (the typical size of a down-hole flow collection type water holding rate measurement channel). The method comprises the steps that a measurement system mainly comprises an opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor, a vector network analyzer and a PC data acquisition and processing system, wherein the opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor comprises a sensor transmitting polar plate and a sensor receiving polar plate which are formed by arc opposite-wall type metal copper sheets, the sensor transmitting polar plate and the sensor receiving polar plate are tightly attached to the outer wall of a measurement pipeline, the outer side of the sensor transmitting polar plate and the outer side of the sensor receiving polar plate are provided with shielding layers formed by metal copper sheets, so that the opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor is formed, and a transmitting electrode and a receiving electrode are respectively arranged at the central; the vector network analyzer is used as a high-frequency microwave signal generation transmitting and receiving processing device, a transmitting end is connected with a transmitting electrode of the opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor, a receiving end is connected with a receiving electrode of the opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor, microwave signals are transmitted from the transmitting end and return to the receiving end through fluid, the vector network analyzer can process the signals in real time, and the receiving signals of the vector network analyzer are collected and stored in real time through a PC data collecting and processing system.
The transmitting polar plate and the receiving polar plate are fixed on the outer wall of the pipeline with the inner diameter of 20mm and the outer diameter of 30mm in an opposite wall manner, the opening angle of the optimized transmitting polar plate and the optimized receiving polar plate is 80 degrees, and the length of the optimized transmitting polar plate and the optimized receiving polar plate is 80 mm; the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode are respectively arranged at the centers of the transmitting polar plate and the receiving polar plate; the inner diameter of the shielding layer is 40mm, the length of the shielding layer is 100mm, and the center position of the shielding layer is coincided with the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode.
The invention also provides a method for realizing high-resolution measurement of the two-phase flow water holding rate of the high-water-content oil-water emulsion by adopting the measurement system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) in order to investigate the change condition of the resonant frequency of a wall-type microwave resonant sensor model under different water holdup rates, HFSS high-frequency simulation is carried out on the sensor, the dielectric constant of a medium in a pipeline is changed according to the linear relation between the dielectric constant of the medium in the pipeline and the water holdup rate for simulation, the change range of the water holdup rate is 80-100%, the change step length is 2%, and the amplitude S under different water holdup rates is obtained21And (5) a parameter curve is used for analyzing the sensitive relation between the resonant frequency and the water holding rate.
(2) Transmitting microwave by using a transmitting polar plate of the opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor, receiving a microwave signal by a receiving polar plate of the microwave resonance sensor after the microwave signal passes through fluid, transmitting the microwave signal to a vector network analyzer, and obtaining an amplitude S through real-time analysis and processing of the vector network analyzer21Curve line.
(3) And manufacturing a real object opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor according to the simulation result, and performing a static calibration experiment on the sensor. Preparing 0.25 mass percent of surfactant aqueous solution, wherein the surfactant component is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonateThe volume ratio is configured with an oil-in-water mixed emulsion with the water holding rate of 80 to 100 percent every two percentage points. Using a vector network analyzer to perform static calibration experiment, and obtaining the amplitude S by sweep frequency excitation in the range of 2 GHz-3 GHz21And (3) analyzing a linear relation between the resonant frequency and the water holding capacity of the resonant sensor by using the curve, and taking the resonant frequency moving range as the optimal frequency band of the frequency sweep.
(4) The dynamic experiment of the wall-type microwave resonant sensor for vertically lifting the water-containing oil-in-water emulsion is carried out, and the total flow of the oil-in-water emulsion is 1m3/d～5m3The moisture content change range is 80-100%, and the resonance sensor is subjected to sweep frequency excitation and amplitude S in real time through a vector network analyzer21And dynamically measuring signals, wherein the sweep frequency excitation range is 2.2 GHz-2.8 GHz. Through LAN remote control system, using computer network protocol assistant to remotely control the scanning and collecting output of the trajectory signal of the vector network analyzer, obtaining different water content amplitude values S with different flow rates and different water content values21And (5) analyzing the parameter curve to obtain the resonant frequency. To effectively characterize the water holdup measurements, we introduce a normalized resonant frequency parameter γNorTo reflect the measurement resolution under different water contents, the parameter calculation expression is as follows:
in the formula of RFmFor measuring resonant frequency, RFwAt full water resonant frequency, RFhThe highest resonance frequency in the measurement range. From this, the normalized water holding capacity can be obtained, and the water holding capacity obtained at this time is the measured apparent water holding capacity.
The method for measuring the water holding rate of the wall-type microwave resonant sensor oil-in-water emulsion in two-phase flow is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The integral structure of the contra-wall type microwave resonance sensor is shown in figure 1, and comprises a sensor pipeline 4, a transmitting electrode 1, a receiving electrode 5, a transmitting polar plate 2, a receiving polar plate 6 and a shielding layer 3. One of the wall electrodes is used for signal transmission, and the other is used for signal reception and is placed on the outer wall of the pipeline.
The dynamic experiment of the invention isThe opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor is arranged in a vertical rising oil-water two-phase flow experimental device, two electrodes of the sensor are directly connected with the output end and the receiving end of a vector network analyzer, the vector network analyzer is connected with a PC computer through a network cable, and the amplitude S is controlled on the computer in real time by using a network protocol assistant21And (5) collecting curve signals. When the oil-in-water emulsion mixed fluid flows through the sensor measuring area, the resonant frequency of the sensor under different flowing conditions is different, and the corresponding water holding capacity value is calculated accordingly.
The concrete implementation process of the method for measuring the two-phase flow water holding rate of the oil-water emulsion of the arc opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor is described by combining the accompanying drawings:
(1) in the invention, in order to investigate the water holdup measurement output characteristics of the pair of wall-type microwave resonance sensors when the wall-type microwave resonance sensors are excited in a microwave frequency band, HFSS simulation software is adopted to establish a 3D model for finite element simulation, as shown in figure 1. The field angle of the transmitting polar plate and the receiving polar plate of the opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor is 80 degrees, and the length of the polar plate is 80 mm; the inner diameter of the organic glass tube is 20mm, and the outer diameter is 30 mm; the length of the part of the sensor shielding layer is 100mm, the inner diameter of the shielding layer is 40mm, and the thickness of the shielding layer is 1 mm. The input and output ports of the sensor model are all set to Wave port, the characteristic impedance is 50 omega, and the subdivision mode is Auto.
(2) Microwave signals are input from the incident electrode and transmitted into the pipeline through the incident polar plate, the microwave signals are subjected to amplitude attenuation and phase change through high-water-content oil-in-water emulsion in the pipeline, and the receiving polar plate receives the transmitted microwave signals and collects the microwave signals through the receiving electrode. Carrying out HFSS simulation on the opposite-wall type microwave sensor, wherein the scanning frequency range is 0 GHz-3 GHz, and the amplitude S is analyzed under the condition that the pipeline medium is full water21A parametric curve. The amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the sensor obtained by simulation is shown in figure 2. By comparing the attenuation degree and the bandwidth of each resonance point, the attenuation degree of the resonance point is larger when f is 0.58GHz, f is 1.66GHz, and f is 2.38GHz, the bandwidth is wider, the electric field intensity is maximum and most uniform when f is 2.38GHz as determined by the HFSS electric field simulation result, and therefore f is 2.38GHz as the resonance reference point.
(3) According to the propagation principle of the electromagnetic field, the electromagnetic wave entering the polar plate can be judged to be propagated along the axial direction of the pipeline, and the main propagation mode of the electromagnetic wave conforms to the TE of the cylindrical resonant cavity111Mode, the resonant frequency of which can be expressed as
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,ris a relative dielectric constant, which depends on the change of the medium in the resonant cavity; mu.srFor magnetic permeability, the medium typically has a magnetic permeability of about 1; lambda [ alpha ]0Is the resonant wavelength, which depends on the structural shape, size and mode of operation of the resonant sensor. When the structure and the main working mode of the resonance sensor are determined, the resonance wavelength lambda0The value is fixed, so that the relation between the resonant frequency and the relative dielectric constant of the medium in the cavity can be obtained.
When the oil and the water are mixed uniformly, the relative dielectric constant of the mixture, the relative dielectric constant of the water and the relative dielectric constant of the oil meet the requirements
m＝Yw w+(1-Yw)o
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,m、w、othe relative dielectric constant of the mixture, the relative dielectric constant of water, the relative dielectric constant of oil, YwThe water retention rate is shown.
For the designed resonant sensor, the measured medium comprises the outer wall of the pipeline and the inner oil-in-water emulsion, and the relative dielectric constant in the whole sensorrRelative dielectric constant to tube wallpRelative dielectric constant of emulsion in pipemThere is a certain functional relationship. Relative dielectric constant of tube wallpFor a fixed numerical value, the formula (5) is used to obtain that a certain functional relation exists between the mixed relative dielectric constant and the water holding rate in the resonant cavity body.
r＝f(p,m)＝g(Yw)
Therefore, when the water-holding rate of the oil-in-water emulsion is changed, the relative dielectric constant in the resonant cavity is changed, the resonant frequency of the resonant sensor is changed, the water-holding rate and the resonant frequency have a certain functional relation in a certain frequency range, and the change of the resonant frequency of the resonant sensor can indirectly reflect the change of the water-holding rate of the oil-in-water emulsion in the pipeline.
To effectively characterize the water holdup measurements, we introduce a normalized resonance frequency γNorTo reflect the measurement resolution under different water contents, the parameter calculation expression is as follows:
in the formula of RFmFor measuring resonant frequency, RFwAt full water resonant frequency, RFhThe highest resonance frequency in the measurement range. From this, the normalized water holding capacity can be obtained, and the water holding capacity obtained at this time is the measured apparent water holding capacity.
(4) For further investigation of the amplitude S of the sensor model under the condition of variable water holdup21The resonance frequency changes, considering that in the oil-in-water emulsion, oil bubbles are distributed in the water phase in micron-scale bubble sizes due to the addition of the surfactant, and the oil-in-water emulsion is regarded as a single uniform medium. By changing the dielectric constant value of the medium in the pipeline, the change of the mixed dielectric constant when the water retention rate changes is reflected, and considering that the resonance frequency point has better discrimination when f is 2.38GHz when the HFSS simulation is in the frequency range of 0GHz to 3GHz, the scanning frequency range is set to be 2GHz to 3GHZ, the water retention rate change range is 80% -100%, the change step length is 2%, and the amplitude S under the conditions of different water retention rates is obtained under the condition that the mixed dielectric constant of different water retention rates changes21The parametric curve is shown in fig. 3. The frequency of the resonance point under each water holding rate is extracted, and the change rule of the water holding rate and the resonance point is shown in fig. 4. It can be seen that the water holdup and the resonance point have a one-to-one linear relationshipAnd measuring the resonant frequency at the frequency to obtain the water holding rate of the oil-in-water emulsion.
Experimental verification and results:
and manufacturing the real object wall-to-wall type microwave resonance sensor according to the simulation result, and carrying out a static calibration experiment to obtain the change range and the change rule of the resonance frequency when the water-holding rate of the sensor to the oil-in-water emulsion changes in order to measure the sensitivity degree of the real object wall-to-wall type microwave resonance sensor to the change of the water-holding rate of the oil-in-water emulsion. Firstly, a surfactant aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.25% needs to be prepared, and the surfactant is selected from anionic sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. Preparing an oil-in-water emulsion with the water holding rate ranging from 80% to 100% according to the volume ratio, wherein the change step length is 2%. The sensor is vertically arranged, two electrodes are respectively connected to two ports of a vector network analyzer, and the vector network analyzer selects an amplitude value S21And in the measurement mode, the frequency sweep frequency range is set to be 2 GHz-3 GHz. Pouring the prepared oil-in-water emulsion into the vertical pipeline of the sensor, and quickly acquiring the amplitude S in the scanning period after the signal is stable21Obtaining parameters to obtain the sensor amplitude S under different water holdup rates21The corresponding curve is shown in fig. 5. Extracting amplitude S under different water holdup21The water holding capacity versus the resonant frequency curve of fig. 6 was obtained for the frequency of the resonance point (c). It was found that when the water holding rate was gradually increased from 80%, the resonance frequency was gradually decreased, and the linear relationship was substantially maintained, so that the change in the water holding rate could be judged from the resonance frequency.
A vertical rising oil-water emulsion two-phase flow loop experimental device is built, as shown in figure 7. The two-phase medium comprises 0.25% surfactant aqueous solution and 3 # industrial white oil by mass, and the surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. Two electrodes of the sensor are directly connected with the output end and the receiving end of the vector network analyzer, the scanning frequency is set to be 2.2 GHz-2.8 GHz according to the simulation result and the static calibration result, and the excitation mode is the amplitude S21The vector network analyzer is connected with a PC computer through a network cable, and the scanning, acquisition and output of the trajectory signals of the vector network analyzer are remotely controlled by a computer network protocol assistant through a LAN remote control systemObtaining different flow velocities and different water content amplitudes S21A parametric curve. The variation range of the experimental proportioning water content is 80-98%, the variation step length is 2%, and the variation range of the total mixing flow Q is set to be 1m3/d～5m3D, obtaining the amplitude S under 50 groups of different flow working conditions21A curve signal. The obtained amplitude-frequency characteristic and the relation between the resonant frequency and the water content of the dynamic experiment of the variable water holding rate of the opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor under different flowing working conditions are shown in the graph 8 and the graph 9.
The water content resonant frequency relationships under 50 sets of flow conditions were compared to obtain the relationship shown in fig. 10. When the moisture content is higher than 90%, the resonant frequency curve has one linear resolution, and when the moisture content is lower than 90%, the resonant frequency curve has another linear resolution. Under the condition of the same mixed flow velocity, along with the increase of the water content, the oil content in the pipeline is smaller and smaller, the quantity of oil bubbles is less, the probability of the interaction of the oil bubbles among different positions is lower, and the sensitivity response of the resonant sensor to the less oil bubbles is lower, so the water content (K) is extremely highw90% or more) is relatively low.
The static calibration results and the results of the dynamic experimental measurements are compared to obtain the curve results shown in fig. 11. It can be seen from the figure that when the flow rate of the mixed fluid is low, the turbulent kinetic energy of the mixed fluid is small, the bubble diameter of emulsified oil drops is relatively large, the slippage between oil and water phases is serious, the change range of the resonance frequency of the sensor to the change of the water content of the oil-in-water emulsion is small, and the resolution ratio is low; when the mixing flow is higher, the turbulent kinetic energy of the mixed fluid is increased, emulsified oil bubbles are broken into smaller liquid drops to be present in the surface active water phase, the slippage between oil and water phases is weakened, the change range of the resonance frequency of the sensor for the change of the water content is enlarged, and the resolution ratio is higher. When the mixing flow is high, e.g. when Q is 5m3During the period of/d, the slippage between oil and water can be ignored, the variation range and the resolution ratio of the resonance frequency are almost consistent with the static calibration result, the difference with the response range of the sensor during the low flow is larger, and the measurement precision of the wall type high-frequency microwave resonance sensor is influenced by the bubble diameter of oil drops, the flow rate and the flow pattern of the mixed fluid, and the oil-in-water emulsion at the lower flow rateThe measurement accuracy of the liquid water content is low, the measurement accuracy of the water content of the oil-in-water emulsion with high flow speed is high, and the measured resonant frequency resolution is considerable.
It has been found that under the action of surfactant molecules, the electromagnetic flowmeter can measure the mixing flow rate of the high-water-content oil-in-water emulsion with higher precision, so that after the mixing flow rate of the oil-in-water emulsion is measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter, the resonance frequency measured by the vector network analyzer is brought into the corresponding relationship curve between the water content and the resonance frequency under different flows, and the water holding capacity of the oil-in-water emulsion can be measured with high resolution.
Normalized resonance frequency gamma of microwave resonance sensorNorThe measurement results are shown in fig. 12. As can be seen from the figure, under the condition of the same water content, the normalized resonance frequency gamma is increased along with the increase of the mixed flowNorThe whole body shows a descending trend when the mixed flow is more than 4m3At/d, normalized resonant frequency γNorBasically stabilizes at a certain value interface, which can be attributed to that the oil drop is distributed in the pipeline relatively evenly and the slippage between oil and water is small. When the total flow rate is 1m3At/d, normalized resonant frequency γNorAnd relatively large compared to the steady value at high flow rates. Normalizing the resonant frequency value gamma under the condition of the same total flowNorDecreases with decreasing water cut. The result further shows that the resonance sensor has higher sensitivity to small changes of the distribution of dispersed oil drops under different flow working conditions with high water content, and can realize a high-resolution measurement result of the water holding capacity of the oil-in-water emulsion with high water content.
Claims (6)
1. A measuring method of high water-containing oil-water emulsion water holdup based on microwave resonance sensor, the adopted measuring system includes sensor and vector network analyzer, characterized in that, the sensor is a contra-wall type microwave resonance sensor, including sensor pipe, transmitting polar plate, receiving polar plate, transmitting electrode, receiving electrode, transmitting polar plate and receiving polar plate, all arc metal sheet matched with the outer wall of sensor pipe and arranged contra-wall, the transmitting electrode is connected with transmitting polar plate, the receiving electrode is connected with receiving polar plate.
In the measurement mode, a microwave frequency sweep excitation mode is adopted, when the water holding rate of the oil-in-water emulsion changes, an amplitude signal passing through a microwave resonance sensor changes, and meanwhile, the resonance frequency in a certain frequency band also changes regularly along with the change of the water holding rate; determining a sweep frequency excitation frequency band, and detecting the amplitude S of the high-water-content oil-water emulsion passing through the opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor by a vector network analyzer21Parameter according to amplitude S21The parameters obtain the resonance frequency, and the change of the water holding rate is reflected by the change of the resonance frequency, so that the measurement of the water holding rate of the two-phase flow of the high water-containing oil-water emulsion is realized.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor further comprises a shield layer disposed around the periphery of the emitter plate and the receiver plate.
3. The measurement method of claim 1, wherein the optimized emitting and receiving plates have an opening angle of 80 ° and a length of 80 mm.
4. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the determined swept frequency excitation frequency band is between 2.2GHz and 2.8 GHz.
5. A method of measurement according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the sensor is frequency swept excited and amplitude S is measured by a vector network analyzer21Dynamically measuring the signal to obtain different water content amplitudes S at different flow velocities21Parameter curve to obtain corresponding resonance frequency, and normalized resonance frequency parameter gammaNorTo reflect the measurement resolution under different water contents:
in the formula of RFmFor measuring resonant frequency, RFwAt full water resonant frequency, RFhFor the highest resonance frequency in the measuring range, thereby obtainingTo the normalized water holding capacity, the water holding capacity obtained at this time is the measured apparent water holding capacity.
6. The measurement method according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) in order to investigate the change condition of the resonant frequency of a wall-type microwave resonant sensor model under different water holdup rates, HFSS high-frequency simulation is carried out on the sensor, the dielectric constant of a medium in a pipeline is changed according to the linear relation between the dielectric constant of the medium in the pipeline and the water holdup rate for simulation, the change range of the water holdup rate is 80-100%, the change step length is 2%, and the amplitude S under different water holdup rates is obtained21Analyzing the sensitive relation between the resonant frequency and the water holding rate by using a parameter curve;
(2) transmitting microwave by using a transmitting polar plate of the opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor, receiving a microwave signal by a receiving polar plate of the microwave resonance sensor after the microwave signal passes through fluid, transmitting the microwave signal to a vector network analyzer, and obtaining an amplitude S through real-time analysis and processing of the vector network analyzer21A curve;
(3) and manufacturing a real object opposite-wall type microwave resonance sensor according to the simulation result, and performing a static calibration experiment on the sensor. Preparing a surfactant aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.25%, wherein the surfactant component is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, preparing an oil-in-water mixed emulsion with the water holding rate of 80% -100% at certain percentage points according to the volume proportion, performing a static calibration experiment by using a vector network analyzer, and performing frequency sweep excitation to obtain the amplitude S21Analyzing the relation between the resonant frequency and the water holding capacity of the resonant sensor, and taking the resonant frequency moving range as a sweep frequency excitation frequency band;
(4) the dynamic experiment of the wall-type microwave resonant sensor for vertically lifting the water-containing oil-in-water emulsion is carried out, and the total flow of the oil-in-water emulsion is 1m3/d～5m3The moisture content is 80-100%, and the frequency sweep excitation and the amplitude S are carried out on the resonant sensor by the vector network analyzer21Dynamically measuring the signal, and performing scanning excitation in the determined frequency scanning excitation frequency band to obtain different water content amplitudes S at different flow rates21Parametric curve, scoreAnd analyzing the parameter curve to obtain the resonant frequency.
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