CN112176232A - High-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.58 to 0.67 percent; si: 0.27-0.36%; mn: 0.07-0.13%; cu: 0.1 to 0.15 percent; ti: 0.08-0.14%; mo: 0.05 to 0.1 percent; nb: 0.06-0.09%; ce: 0.02-0.04%; pr: 0.01 to 0.02 percent; yb: 0.02-0.03%; the balance of Al and other inevitable impurity elements; the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy is prepared by the steps of smelting, homogenizing treatment, hot extrusion, inspection, multiple aging and the like. The high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy prepared by the method is obviously higher than the yield strength, tensile strength, thermal conductivity and yield of the aluminum alloy prepared by the prior art, can greatly meet the requirements of the market and the material performance of the existing product, and has significance of wide popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy production, and particularly relates to a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aluminum alloys have become the primary heat conducting material by virtue of their good heat conducting properties, formability, and relatively low cost. Most of the existing heat transfer materials are extruded by aluminum alloy, and are mainly used as air conditioners and radiators for large-scale public facilities, transportation such as automobiles, high-speed rails and airplanes, and microminiature precision radiators for electronics, electrics, computers, precision machinery and the like. As various heat sink functions are upgraded, the demand for heat transfer capability of the heat sink is also increasing. In the 6000 series aluminum alloy, the composition of the aluminum alloy needs to be further reduced to improve the heat dissipation of the alloy, but the alloy strength is reduced. Therefore, the heat sink using only 6063 alloy cannot meet the heat dissipation requirement, and a new high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy needs to be developed to replace the 6063 aluminum alloy used at present.
Chinese patent application document "a thermally stable 6xxx series aluminum alloy and a heat treatment process thereof (publication number: CN 109457155A)" discloses a thermally stable 6xxx series aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.2 to 0.6 percent; mg: 0.6-1.5%; cu: 0.8 to 1.5 percent; mn: 0.10 to 0.2 percent; the balance of Al and trace impurities. The mass ratio of Mg to Si is between 2 and 3, and the mass ratio of Mg to Si is not equal to 2; the total content of Mg, Si and Cu is not less than 2.4%, and the mass ratio of Si and Cu to Mg [ (Si +0.5 xCu)/Mg ] is less than 1. The invention also provides a heat treatment process: after the solution quenching treatment, the heat treatment is carried out within 60 minutes, the heat treatment temperature is 160-200 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 5-30 h. The invention enables the alloy to have better creep resistance at high temperature by controlling the content and the proportion of different alloy elements, thereby keeping good thermal stability, improving the thermal stability of the alloy in a service state, simultaneously enhancing the mechanical property by carrying out heat treatment on the alloy, and the aluminum alloy plate has higher strength and stable performance under high-temperature exposure, enhancing the competitiveness of light aluminum alloy plates and promoting the wide application of the aluminum alloy on automobiles and airplanes. But has the problems of poor yield strength and tensile strength, small thermal conductivity, low yield and incapability of meeting the application requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of poor yield strength and tensile strength, low thermal conductivity and low yield of the traditional aluminum alloy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.58 to 0.67 percent; si: 0.27-0.36%; mn: 0.07-0.13%; cu: 0.1 to 0.15 percent; ti: 0.08-0.14%; mo: 0.05 to 0.1 percent; nb: 0.06-0.09%; ce: 0.02-0.04%; pr: 0.01 to 0.02 percent; yb: 0.02-0.03%; it also comprises non-metallic components: polyoxyalkylene phosphates, aromatic condensed phosphates, aliphatic phosphates, the balance being Al and other unavoidable impurity elements.
Preferably, Ti is alloyed titanium having a gradually changing step structure inside the metal.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) casting Si, Mn, Cu and Ti into corresponding intermediate alloy, sequentially adding the intermediate alloy, Mg ingot, Mo ingot, Nb ingot, Ce ingot, Pr ingot, Yb ingot and the mixture into a smelting furnace, then heating furnace gas to the temperature of the intermediate alloy, Mg ingot, Mo ingot, Nb ingot, Ce ingot, Pr ingot and Yb ingot to be completely molten, then raising the temperature of the furnace gas, adding Al ingot, preserving heat for 1-1.5h until the Al ingot is completely molten to obtain alloy solution, reducing the temperature of the alloy solution, adding a refining agent, then refining, and then standing, slagging off and casting, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: standing the alloy solution until the temperature reaches 725 +/-5 ℃, casting, fully preheating a casting disc before casting, adopting hot top casting when the outlet temperature of a filter box is 690 + 715 ℃, after casting is stable, adding an Al-5Ti-1B refiner into a degassing box before casting when the temperature of a disc tail melt at the cold end of the casting disc reaches 673 + 685 ℃, and adding an Al-Ti-B wire into the filter box to obtain an ingot;
(2) homogenizing the ingot prepared in the step (1) to obtain a homogenized ingot;
(3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized cast ingot prepared in the step (2) to obtain an aluminum alloy section,
(4) cooling the aluminum alloy section prepared in the step (3) by adopting a quenching fan, and controlling the outlet temperature of the section to be 590 +/-5 ℃;
(5) first time aging: heating the quenched aluminum alloy section in an aging furnace, and then preserving heat for 2-3 h;
(6) and (4) checking: inspecting the aluminum alloy section subjected to artificial aging in the step (5) by using a heat conduction instrument;
(7) and (3) secondary aging: and (3) carrying out secondary aging on the aluminum alloy section with the thermal conductivity less than 235W/(m.K), and keeping the temperature for 1-2 h.
Preferably, the temperature of the furnace gas in the step (1) is increased by 23-28 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the alloy melt in step (1) is reduced to 725-.
Preferably, the refining agent in the step (1) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-16 parts of potassium chloride, 7-10 parts of sodium aluminum fluoride, 9-15 parts of calcium sulfide and 5-8 parts of cryolite.
Preferably, the refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of potassium chloride, 9 parts of sodium aluminum fluoride, 12 parts of calcium sulfide and 7 parts of cryolite.
Preferably, the refiner Al-5Ti-1B is added in the step (1) in an amount of 1.5-2 kg/ton.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy profile after quenching in the step (5) is heated to 192-.
Preferably, the temperature of the secondary aging in step (7) is 295-.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the Mo, the Nb, the Ce, the Pr and the Yb play a synergistic role in producing the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy, and the yield strength and the tensile strength of the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy are synergistically improved; the alloy Ti metal with a special structure not only has higher Ti density, but also can further improve the synergistic effect and improve the integral tensile strength of the aluminum alloy.
(2) In the refining process, a refining agent is added, and the refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-16 parts of potassium chloride, 7-10 parts of sodium aluminum fluoride, 9-15 parts of calcium sulfide and 5-8 parts of cryolite, and under the proportion, the optimal refining effect can be realized, and meanwhile, high thermal conductivity can be realized.
(3) Al-5Ti-1B refiner is added into the degassing box, the addition of the refiner Al-5Ti-1B is 1.5-2 kg/ton, and the aluminum-titanium-boron wire is added into the filter box, so that the degassing and the impurity removal can be effectively realized.
(4) The invention optimizes the element proportion content on the basis of a specific formula, designs a heat treatment process matched with the element proportion content, detects the heat conduction performance, and carries out heat compensation and heat treatment in time, thereby effectively improving the heat conduction performance and improving the yield.
(5) The invention optimizes the process parameters of the components, smelting and heat treatment of the aluminum alloy, improves the performance index of the product, ensures that the yield strength of the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy prepared by the invention reaches more than 442.3MPa, the tensile strength reaches more than 635.4MPa, the heat conductivity reaches more than 258.4W/(m.K), the yield rate reaches more than 99.4 percent, is obviously higher than the yield strength, the tensile strength, the heat conductivity and the yield rate of the aluminum alloy prepared by the prior art, can greatly meet the material performance requirements of the market and the existing products, and has the significance of wide popularization and application.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
In an embodiment, the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy includes, by mass: mg: 0.58 to 0.67 percent; si: 0.27-0.36%; mn: 0.07-0.13%; cu: 0.1 to 0.15 percent; ti: 0.08-0.14%; mo: 0.05 to 0.1 percent; nb: 0.06-0.09%; ce: 0.02-0.04%; pr: 0.01 to 0.02 percent; yb: 0.02-0.03%; it also comprises non-metallic components: polyoxyalkylene phosphates, aromatic condensed phosphates, aliphatic phosphates, the balance being Al and other unavoidable impurity elements. (ii) a The non-metal mixture is used for ensuring the thermal fatigue resistance of the whole alloy.
Wherein, the titanium metal Ti is alloy titanium with a gradually changed step structure in the metal. The specific manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the titanium alloy is Ti-15 Mo-5 Zr-3A 1, the surface of the titanium alloy is ground and cleaned, the titanium alloy is soaked in NaOH aqueous solution for 24 hours (60 ℃), cleaned and dried for 24 hours at 40 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 600 ℃ in an electric furnace at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept and the furnace is cooled. Then the sample is immersed in NaCl solution with pH of 7.40 and temperature of 36.5 ℃, taken out after 72h, washed and dried. After the treatment with the aqueous NaOH solution, a thin sponge-like layer was formed on the surface of each of the titanium alloy samples, and the titanium alloy samples were densified by heat treatment. According to AES analysis, the Na and O concentrations gradually decrease from the outside to the inside, the titanium concentration increases, the element concentration distribution is in a gradient, and the depth is about lOOOnm. From this result, it was found that sodium titanate hydrated gel was formed on the surface of each sample by treatment with an aqueous NaOH solution, and that an amorphous sodium titanate layer containing a small amount of crystal phase was formed after heat treatment. The amorphous sodium titanate thus formed has a stepped structure gradually changing into the base metal via titanium oxide.
The high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy can also comprise at least one modifier and at least one grain refining element, and further the modifier is a Si modifier and is contained in the alloy composition in an amount of less than or equal to 0.03 wt%.
The preparation method of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) casting Si, Mn, Cu and Ti into corresponding intermediate alloy, sequentially adding the intermediate alloy, Mg ingot, Mo ingot, Nb ingot, Ce ingot, Pr ingot and Yb ingot into a smelting furnace, then heating furnace gas to the temperature of the intermediate alloy, Mg ingot, Mo ingot, Nb ingot, Ce ingot, Pr ingot and Yb ingot to be completely molten, then increasing the furnace gas temperature by 23-28 ℃, adding Al ingot, preserving heat for 1-1.5h until the Al ingot is completely molten to obtain alloy solution, reducing the temperature of the alloy solution to 725-735 ℃, and adding a refining agent, wherein the refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-16 parts of potassium chloride, 7-10 parts of sodium aluminum fluoride, 9-15 parts of calcium sulfide and 5-8 parts of cryolite, refining, standing, slagging and casting, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: standing the alloy solution until the temperature reaches 725 +/-5 ℃, casting, fully preheating a casting disc before casting, ensuring the outlet temperature of a filter box to be 690 plus 715 ℃ during casting, adopting hot-top casting, ensuring the temperature of a disc tail melt at the cold end of the casting disc to be 673 plus 685 ℃ after casting is stable, adding an Al-5Ti-1B refiner into a degassing box before casting, wherein the adding amount of the refiner Al-5Ti-1B is 1.5-2 kg/ton, and adding an aluminum-titanium-boron wire into the filter box to obtain an ingot;
(2) homogenizing the ingot prepared in the step (1) to obtain a homogenized ingot;
(3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized cast ingot prepared in the step (2) to obtain an aluminum alloy section,
(4) cooling the aluminum alloy section prepared in the step (3) by adopting a quenching fan, and controlling the outlet temperature of the section to be 590 +/-5 ℃;
(5) first time aging: heating the quenched aluminum alloy section to the temperature of 192-;
(6) and (4) checking: inspecting the aluminum alloy section subjected to artificial aging in the step (5) by using a heat conduction instrument;
(7) and (3) secondary aging: and (3) carrying out secondary aging on the aluminum alloy section with the thermal conductivity less than 235W/(m.K), wherein the temperature of the secondary aging is 295-300 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1-2 h.
The present invention is illustrated by the following more specific examples.
Example 1
The high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.6 percent; si: 0.28 percent; mn: 0.07 percent; cu: 0.1 percent; ti: 0.09%; mo: 0.06 percent; nb: 0.07 percent; ce: 0.02 percent; pr: 0.01 percent; yb: 0.02 percent; the balance being a mixture of Al and polyoxyalkylene phosphate, aromatic condensed phosphate, aliphatic phosphate;
the preparation method of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) casting Si, Mn, Cu and Ti into corresponding intermediate alloy, sequentially adding the intermediate alloy, Mg ingot, Mo ingot, Nb ingot, Ce ingot, Pr ingot, Yb ingot and the mixture into a smelting furnace, then heating furnace gas to the temperature of the intermediate alloy, Mg ingot, Mo ingot, Nb ingot, Ce ingot, Pr ingot and Yb ingot to be completely molten, then increasing the furnace gas temperature by 24 ℃, adding Al ingot, preserving heat for 1.3h until the Al ingot is completely molten to obtain alloy solution, reducing the temperature of the alloy solution to 728 ℃, and adding a refining agent, wherein the refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of potassium chloride, 7 parts of sodium aluminum fluoride, 9 parts of calcium sulfide and 5 parts of cryolite, refining, standing, slagging and casting, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: standing the alloy solution until the temperature reaches 725 +/-2 ℃, casting, fully preheating a casting disc before casting, ensuring the outlet temperature of a filter box to be 692 ℃ during casting, adopting hot-top casting, ensuring that the temperature of a melt at the tail of a cold-end disc of the casting disc reaches 675 ℃ after casting is stable, adding an Al-5Ti-1B refiner into a degassing box before casting, wherein the adding amount of the refiner Al-5Ti-1B is 2 kg/ton, and adding aluminum-titanium-boron wires into the filter box to obtain an ingot;
(2) homogenizing the ingot prepared in the step (1) to obtain a homogenized ingot;
(3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized cast ingot prepared in the step (2) to obtain an aluminum alloy section,
(4) cooling the aluminum alloy section prepared in the step (3) by adopting a quenching fan, and controlling the outlet temperature of the section to be 590 +/-3 ℃;
(5) first time aging: heating the quenched aluminum alloy section to 195 ℃ in an aging furnace, and then preserving heat for 2.8 h;
(6) and (4) checking: inspecting the aluminum alloy section subjected to artificial aging in the step (5) by using a heat conduction instrument;
(7) and (3) secondary aging: and (3) carrying out secondary aging on the aluminum alloy profile with the thermal conductivity of less than 235W/(m.K), wherein the temperature of the secondary aging is 296 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 h.
Example 2
The high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.65 percent; si: 0.32 percent; mn: 0.11 percent; cu: 0.12 percent; ti: 0.1 percent; mo: 0.08 percent; nb: 0.07 percent; ce: 0.03 percent; pr: 0.01 percent; yb: 0.03 percent; the balance being a mixture of Al and polyoxyalkylene phosphate, aromatic condensed phosphate, aliphatic phosphate;
the preparation method of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) casting Si, Mn, Cu and Ti into corresponding intermediate alloy, sequentially adding the intermediate alloy, Mg ingot, Mo ingot, Nb ingot, Ce ingot, Pr ingot, Yb ingot and the mixture into a smelting furnace, then heating furnace gas to the temperature of the intermediate alloy, Mg ingot, Mo ingot, Nb ingot, Ce ingot, Pr ingot and Yb ingot to be completely molten, then increasing the furnace gas temperature by 26 ℃, adding Al ingot, preserving heat for 1.2h until the Al ingot is completely molten to obtain alloy solution, reducing the temperature of the alloy solution to 732 ℃, and adding a refining agent, wherein the refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of potassium chloride, 9 parts of sodium aluminum fluoride, 12 parts of calcium sulfide and 7 parts of cryolite, refining, standing, slagging and casting, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: standing the alloy solution until the temperature reaches 725 +/-3 ℃, casting, fully preheating a casting disc before casting, keeping the outlet temperature of a filter box at 710 ℃ during casting, adopting hot-top casting, after casting is stable, keeping the temperature of a melt at the tail of a cold-end disc of the casting disc at 682 ℃, adding an Al-5Ti-1B refiner into a degassing box before casting, wherein the adding amount of the refiner Al-5Ti-1B is 1.8 kg/ton, and adding an aluminum-titanium-boron wire into the filter box to obtain a cast ingot;
(2) homogenizing the ingot prepared in the step (1) to obtain a homogenized ingot;
(3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized cast ingot prepared in the step (2) to obtain an aluminum alloy section,
(4) cooling the aluminum alloy section prepared in the step (3) by adopting a quenching fan, and controlling the outlet temperature of the section to be 590 +/-4 ℃;
(5) first time aging: heating the quenched aluminum alloy section to 200 ℃ in an aging furnace, and then preserving heat for 2.6 h;
(6) and (4) checking: inspecting the aluminum alloy section subjected to artificial aging in the step (5) by using a heat conduction instrument;
(7) and (3) secondary aging: and (3) carrying out secondary aging on the aluminum alloy section with the thermal conductivity of less than 235W/(m.K), wherein the temperature of the secondary aging is 298 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1.5 h.
Example 3
The high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.66 percent; si: 0.35 percent; mn: 0.12 percent; cu: 0.14 percent; ti: 0.13 percent; mo: 0.1 percent; nb: 0.09%; ce: 0.04 percent; pr: 0.02 percent; yb: 0.03 percent; the balance being a mixture of Al and polyoxyalkylene phosphate, aromatic condensed phosphate, aliphatic phosphate;
the preparation method of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) casting Si, Mn, Cu and Ti into corresponding intermediate alloy, sequentially adding the intermediate alloy, Mg ingot, Mo ingot, Nb ingot, Ce ingot, Pr ingot, Yb ingot and the mixture into a smelting furnace, then heating furnace gas to 28 ℃ after the intermediate alloy, Mg ingot, Mo ingot, Nb ingot, Ce ingot, Pr ingot and Yb ingot are completely melted, adding Al ingot, preserving heat for 1h until the Al ingot is completely melted to obtain alloy solution, reducing the temperature of the alloy solution to 735 ℃, and adding a refining agent, wherein the refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of sodium aluminum fluoride, 14 parts of calcium sulfide and 7 parts of cryolite, refining, standing, slagging and casting, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: standing the alloy solution until the temperature reaches 725 +/-4 ℃, casting, fully preheating a casting disc before casting, keeping the outlet temperature of a filter box at 712 ℃ during casting, adopting hot-top casting, after casting is stable, keeping the temperature of a melt at the tail of a cold-end disc of the casting disc at 680 ℃, adding an Al-5Ti-1B refiner into a degassing box before casting, wherein the adding amount of the refiner Al-5Ti-1B is 1.6 kg/ton, and adding an aluminum-titanium-boron wire into the filter box to obtain an ingot;
(2) homogenizing the ingot prepared in the step (1) to obtain a homogenized ingot;
(3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized cast ingot prepared in the step (2) to obtain an aluminum alloy section,
(4) cooling the aluminum alloy section prepared in the step (3) by adopting a quenching fan, and controlling the outlet temperature of the section to be 590 +/-2 ℃;
(5) first time aging: heating the quenched aluminum alloy section to 203 ℃ in an aging furnace, and then preserving heat for 2 h;
(6) and (4) checking: inspecting the aluminum alloy section subjected to artificial aging in the step (5) by using a heat conduction instrument;
(7) and (3) secondary aging: and (3) carrying out secondary aging on the aluminum alloy section with the thermal conductivity of less than 235W/(m.K), wherein the temperature of the secondary aging is 300 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1 h.
Comparative example 1
Basically the same procedure as in example 2 was followed, except that the starting materials for producing the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy were devoid of Mo, Nb, Ce, Pr, Yb, non-metallic compounds, and conventional Ti starting materials were used.
Comparative example 2
Basically the same procedure as in example 2 was followed, except that Mo was absent from the starting materials for producing the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 3
Basically the same procedure as in example 2 was followed, except that Nb was absent from the starting materials for producing the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method is basically the same as that of the example 2, except that the raw materials for producing the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy lack Ce, Pr and Yb.
Comparative example 5
The aluminum alloy was prepared in example 1 of the chinese patent application "a thermally stable 6xxx series aluminum alloy and its heat treatment process (publication No. CN 109457155A)".
Alloy monofilaments having a diameter of 0.2mm were produced from the alloys obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5, and the yield strength and tensile strength were measured; the alloys prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were prepared in a standard sample size by using Quantum Design in the United states
DynaCoolTMMeasuring the thermal conductivity; the yield is based on a large amount of statistical results, and the thermal conductivity is required to be more than 235W/(m.K), and the measurement results are shown in the following table.
From the above table, it can be seen that: (1) as can be seen from the data of the examples 1 to 3, the yield strength of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy prepared by the invention reaches more than 442.3MPa, the tensile strength reaches more than 635.4MPa, the thermal conductivity reaches more than 258.4W/(m.K), and the yield reaches more than 99.4 percent, which is obviously higher than the yield strength, the tensile strength, the thermal conductivity and the yield of the aluminum alloy prepared by the comparative example 5 (the prior art); further, the data were combined to show that example 2 is the most preferable example.
(2) As can be seen from the data calculation of the example 2 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, Mo, Nb, Ce, Pr, Yb and the special alloy Ti play a synergistic role in producing the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy, and the yield strength and the tensile strength of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy are synergistically improved.
Mo can promote the bond energy of metal particles between the aluminum alloys to be increased, and because the atomic radii among the aluminum alloy components are different from each other, when the balance is achieved, the reduction of free energy and the distortion of crystal lattices are inevitably caused, and under the condition, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy can be obviously improved.
The Nb is added into the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy, so that uniform, fine and highly dispersed metal particles are formed in the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy, and the metal particles are distributed on a crystal boundary and a crystal interior, so that the diffusion speed of metal atoms can be effectively reduced, and the yield strength and the tensile strength of the high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy are improved.
Mo can refine grains of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy, improve the heat strength performance and hardenability, and can keep higher creep resistance and strength at high temperature, Nb can refine structure grains and improve the toughness and strength, and Ce, Pr and Yb have strong grain refining effect, so that the recrystallization of the aluminum alloy can be inhibited, and the ductility of the alloy can be increased; in addition, Ce, Pr and Yb can form a fine dispersion strengthening phase with Mg, Si, Cu and the like in the aluminum alloy, so that the yield strength and the tensile strength of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy are improved. Under the matching use of Mo, Nb, Ce, Pr and Yb, the yield strength resistance and the tensile strength of the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy are synergistically improved.
The above description should not be taken as limiting the invention to the embodiments, but rather, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, numerous simplifications or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which shall be deemed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. The high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.58 to 0.67 percent; si: 0.27-0.36%; mn: 0.07-0.13%; cu: 0.1 to 0.15 percent; ti: 0.08-0.14%; mo: 0.05 to 0.1 percent; nb: 0.06-0.09%; ce: 0.02-0.04%; pr: 0.01 to 0.02 percent; yb: 0.02-0.03%; it also comprises non-metallic components: polyoxyalkylene phosphates, aromatic condensed phosphates, aliphatic phosphates, the balance being Al and other unavoidable impurity elements.
2. The aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity according to claim 1, wherein Ti is alloyed Ti having a gradually changing step structure inside the metal.
3. The method for preparing the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
(1) casting Si, Mn, Cu and Ti into corresponding intermediate alloy, sequentially adding the intermediate alloy, Mg ingot, Mo ingot, Nb ingot, Ce ingot, Pr ingot and Yb ingot into a smelting furnace, then heating furnace gas to the temperature of the intermediate alloy, Mg ingot, Mo ingot, Nb ingot, Ce ingot, Pr ingot and Yb ingot to be completely molten, then increasing the temperature of the furnace gas, adding Al ingot, preserving heat for 1-1.5h until the Al ingot is completely molten to obtain alloy solution, reducing the temperature of the alloy melt, adding a refining agent, then refining, then standing, slagging off and casting, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: standing the alloy solution until the temperature reaches 725 +/-5 ℃, casting, fully preheating a casting disc before casting, adopting hot top casting when the outlet temperature of a filter box is 690 + 715 ℃, after casting is stable, adding an Al-5Ti-1B refiner into a degassing box before casting when the temperature of a disc tail melt at the cold end of the casting disc reaches 673 + 685 ℃, and adding an Al-Ti-B wire into the filter box to obtain an ingot;
(2) homogenizing the ingot prepared in the step (1) to obtain a homogenized ingot;
(3) carrying out hot extrusion on the homogenized cast ingot prepared in the step (2) to obtain an aluminum alloy section,
(4) cooling the aluminum alloy section prepared in the step (3) by adopting a quenching fan, and controlling the outlet temperature of the section to be 590 +/-5 ℃;
(5) first time aging: heating the quenched aluminum alloy section in an aging furnace, and then preserving heat for 2-3 h;
(6) and (4) checking: inspecting the aluminum alloy section subjected to artificial aging in the step (5) by using a heat conduction instrument;
(7) and (3) secondary aging: and (3) carrying out secondary aging on the aluminum alloy section with the thermal conductivity less than 235W/(m.K), and keeping the temperature for 1-2 h.
4. The method for preparing the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature of the furnace gas in the step (1) is raised by 23-28 ℃.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature of the molten alloy in step (1) is lowered to 725-735 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the refining agent in the step (1) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-16 parts of potassium chloride, 7-10 parts of sodium aluminum fluoride, 9-15 parts of calcium sulfide and 5-8 parts of cryolite.
7. The method for preparing the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of potassium chloride, 9 parts of sodium aluminum fluoride, 12 parts of calcium sulfide and 7 parts of cryolite.
8. The method for preparing a high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the amount of refiner Al-5Ti-1B added in step (1) is 1.5-2 kg/ton.
9. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity as claimed in claim 3, wherein the aluminum alloy profile after quenching in the step (5) is heated to 192-203 ℃ in an aging furnace.
10. The method for preparing the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature of the secondary aging in the step (7) is 295-300 ℃.
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