CN112174389A

CN112174389A - Ship complex oily water treatment system

Info

Publication number: CN112174389A
Application number: CN202011163641.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梅东兴; 肖友洪; 梅益君; 陈海兵
Original assignee: Dongtai City Dongfang Marine Fitting Co ltd
Current assignee: Dongtai City Dongfang Marine Fitting Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-27
Filing date: 2020-10-27
Publication date: 2021-01-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship complex oily water treatment system, wherein a pretreatment cabinet of the ship complex oily water treatment system is communicated to a sludge settling cabinet through a pretreatment liquid conveying pump, and the sludge settling cabinet is conveyed to a sludge dewatering machine through a settling sludge conveying pump; the waste water extruded by the supernatant of the pretreatment cabinet and the sludge precipitation cabinet and the sludge dewatering machine is communicated to a waste water cabinet through corresponding pipelines, a medicine adding barrel is led to the pretreatment cabinet through a medicine adding pump, an ozone output port of an ozone generator is led to the pretreatment cabinet and the sludge precipitation cabinet respectively, the waste water cabinet is led to an oil-water separator, the separated water of the oil-water separator is conveyed to a filter material filter through a suction pump, the filtered water outlet of the filter material filter is led to a membrane processor through a filtered water discharge valve II, and the purified water discharge port of the membrane processor is communicated with a purified water discharge valve. The treatment system can effectively separate solid matters such as oil sludge and the like in the oil sewage, and has good oil-water separation and purification effects; is particularly suitable for the purification treatment of oil sewage containing complex components such as oils, cleaning agents and the like.

Description

Ship complex oily water treatment system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ship oily sewage purification treatment, in particular to separation and purification treatment equipment for ship cabin washing water, bilge water, lubricating oil, oil stain cleaning agent and other complex components and heavy emulsified oily sewage.

Background

The improper discharge of ship oily water is the most main form of water body pollution caused by ships, after the ship oily water is discharged into a water body, the oily water forms a layer of extremely thin oil film on the surface of the water body, and the oil film directly hinders oxygen in the atmosphere from transferring to the water body, so that the water body is anoxic, and aquatic organisms die due to the anoxic; the oily water also has certain toxicity, and has particularly remarkable influence on juvenile fish and fish eggs; harmful substances in the oil polluted water are accumulated in aquatic organisms, so that important food sources of human beings are polluted, and great hidden danger is brought to the health of the human beings; the oily water also brings direct harm and serious threat to the safe navigation and the hydraulic construction of ships.

The ship oil sewage is large in quantity, the water also contains a large amount of compounds such as oil, a detergent, an emulsifier and the like, and pollution elements are various, especially along with the development of fuel oil refining technology, the improvement of cleaning capacity and the increase of varieties of cleaning agents, the complexity of components of the ship oil sewage is continuously increased, and the purification treatment difficulty is increased more and more. The ship oily water mainly comes from the following aspects, firstly, the water containing oil is used for washing the cabin, the water quantity of the cabin washing water generally reaches about 20% of the loading capacity of the ship, and the oil content of the cabin washing water reaches about 15000 mg/L; secondly, engine room water is oily water which is obtained by mixing water leaked from various valves and pipelines of the engine room with lubricating oil, fuel oil and the like gushed in the operation process of the turbine, the annual water amount of the engine room water is about 10 percent of the total tonnage of the ship, the engine room water is a mixture of various oils, and the water quality is relatively complex; and thirdly, the engine and parts thereof containing the cleaning agent are cleaned from oily water, the oily water containing the emulsion is most difficult to separate and treat, and because the detergent and the emulsifier in the emulsified oily water are surfactants, the free energy of the interface of oil and water is greatly reduced, oil particles are dispersed in the water, and a stable and uniform colloidal substance consisting of the oil and the water is formed.

At present, the separation treatment method of ship oily water mainly comprises a gravity separation method, a dissolved air flotation method, an electrolysis method, a membrane treatment method and other approaches, wherein the gravity separation method is used for separating oil and water by utilizing density difference of the oil and the water and incompatibility of the oil and the water, but the separation efficiency of the separation method is very low, and the separation method is particularly not suitable for treating oil-containing emulsion. The dissolved air flotation method is to make oil drops dispersed in water and suspended matters wetted by oil adhere to bubbles and realize separation along with the bubbles floating up to the water surface. The electrolysis method is characterized in that a plurality of groups of electrodes with alternate positive and negative electrodes are inserted into the wastewater, and when direct current is passed through, electrolysis, polarization and oxidation reduction of particles and interaction between an electrolysis product and the wastewater are generated, so that impurity particles in water are coagulated to form flocs; meanwhile, the flocs are adhered to micro bubbles generated on the cathode to realize air floatation separation, and the current electrolytic method is extremely easy to passivate so as to gradually lose the electrolytic effect. Especially, the ionized liquid can not be fully mixed with the sewage body, so that the flocculation and precipitation effect is difficult to play. At present, gravity separation and membrane filtration separation are combined, theoretically, separation treatment of emulsified oil can be achieved by the separation treatment method, however, in the process of intercepting the emulsified oil, intercepted matters are accumulated on the surface of the membrane, a thin-layer-covered gel layer is generated on the surface of the membrane, so that the separation membrane is polluted, more serious, the separation membrane is lipophilic, and rapid flow of sewage in the separation process enables oil drops and solid impurities to quickly enter compact pores, so that the membrane is blocked and loses the filtering effect.

The applicant filed and issued patent invention "method for treating oil-contaminated sewage by heavy emulsification and apparatus for treating same" patent invention No. on 30/12/2015: 201510620764.5, the treatment device is sequentially communicated with a demulsifying device, an electric flocculator, a prefilter, an oil-water separator and other comprehensive treatment means on a sewage treatment path, promotes the high-efficiency aggregation and separation of oil droplets of the oil-in-water emulsion liquid, and improves the oil-water separation treatment efficiency, but the treatment device can not separate and treat the oil sludge, rust, sediment, trace phenol and other condensate in the oil sewage, and can restrict the purification and separation efficiency of subsequent oil and water, and the purification treatment of the oil sewage with various pollutants and complex components can not be realized.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a complex oil-sewage treatment system for a ship, which can effectively separate solid matters such as oil sludge in oil sewage and has a good oil-water separation and purification effect.

In order to solve the technical problem, the ship complex oily water treatment system comprises a pretreatment cabinet, a sludge precipitation cabinet and a sludge dewatering machine which are sequentially communicated along an oily water treatment path, wherein the pretreatment cabinet is communicated with the sludge precipitation cabinet through a pretreatment liquid conveying pump, and the sludge precipitation cabinet is conveyed to the sludge dewatering machine through a precipitated sludge conveying pump; supernatant liquid of the pretreatment cabinet and the sludge precipitation cabinet is communicated to the waste oil water cabinet through corresponding pipelines, and extruded wastewater of the sludge dehydrator is also communicated to the waste oil water cabinet through corresponding pipelines; the dosing barrel is communicated with the pretreatment cabinet through a dosing pump, and an ozone output port of the ozone generator is respectively communicated with the pretreatment cabinet and the sludge precipitation cabinet; the medicine adding barrel is at least filled with polyaluminium chloride and/or demulsifier and/or activated carbon; the waste oil water tank is communicated with the oil-water separator, the separated water of the oil-water separator is conveyed to the filter material filter through the suction pump, the filtered water outlet of the filter material filter is communicated with the membrane processor through the filtered water discharge valve II, the purified water discharge port of the membrane processor is communicated with the purified water discharge valve, and the filtered water outlet of the filter material filter is also communicated with the purified water discharge valve through the filtered water discharge valve I.

According to the invention, as the pretreatment cabinet, the sludge settling cabinet and the sludge dehydrator are sequentially communicated on the oily water treatment path, on one hand, on the other hand, the oily water with complex components is firstly adsorbed, coagulated, demulsified and precipitated, so that not only are the solid matters which are difficult to dissolve in water and some surfactants accelerated to accumulate and precipitate promoted until the two-phase separation is realized through dehydration extrusion, but also the hydration layer of emulsified oil droplets in the oily water can be destroyed, so that the oil droplets are coagulated, and the oil-water separation is facilitated; on the other hand, the arrangement of the pretreatment cabinet and the sludge settling cabinet also forms a biological digestion system, and in the process, the sludge in the sewage is degraded by multi-stage and repeated digestion of organic matters, so that a certain degradation is obtained, the removal rate of the organic matters is improved, and the residual amount of the sludge is reduced. And because the ozone output port of the ozone generator is respectively communicated with the pretreatment cabinet and the sludge precipitation cabinet, the ozone is an excellent oxidant, has extremely high sterilization efficiency and high reaction speed, can kill viruses and spores with strong oxidation resistance, remove pollutants such as color, smell, taste, phenol, chlorine and the like in the sewage, increase dissolved oxygen in the water, improve the water quality, improve the biodegradability of the sewage, decompose organic matters which are difficult to biodegrade, oxidize various organic matters and inorganic matters by the ozone, eliminate poisons which are sensitive to the high oxidation activity of the ozone in the sewage, remove COD and TOC which are difficult to remove by other methods, obviously reduce the water chromaticity and kill algae in the water. The chemical dosing barrel pump filled with the medicaments such as the polyaluminium chloride, the demulsifier, the active carbon and the like is communicated to the pretreatment cabinet, the sewage in the pretreatment cabinet is strengthened and comprehensively treated, the medicaments such as the polyaluminium chloride, the demulsifier, the active carbon and the like are injected into the pretreatment cabinet, the high-degree electric neutralization and bridging effects are realized on colloids and particles in the sewage, the toxic and heavy metal ions can be powerfully removed, and the chemical dosing barrel pump has the advantages of strong adsorption capacity, large formed alum floc, quick dense precipitation and good dehydration performance; injecting a demulsifier to ensure that oil or colloid particles in the sewage lose stable repulsive force and attractive force to form flocs, and completing oil-water separation and separation of harmful impurities in the sewage to achieve the purposes of recovering oil products and purifying the sewage; the activated carbon has large specific surface area, developed micropores, high adsorption speed and high purification capacity; the comprehensive application of the additive obviously improves the treatment capacity and the treatment efficiency of the water treatment system. After the supernatant fluid pretreated in the previous process flows into a waste oil water tank, the supernatant fluid sequentially passes through an oil-water separator, a suction pump, a filter material filter and/or a membrane processor, and a good oil-water separation and purification effect is realized; the oil-water separator adopts a gravity separation structure with a plurality of corrugated separation discs which are staggered, oil sewage enters a multilayer oil sewage flow channel formed by a plurality of corrugated separation discs which are staggered, oil drops are gathered in the oil sewage flow channel, floating separation is accelerated, oil-water separation time is more sufficient, and oil drop gathering and floating effects are more ideal; the suction pump is arranged at the downstream end of the gravity separator, so that the disturbance and emulsification of the suction pump on the oily water are effectively avoided; the separated water is filtered by a filter material filter to remove suspended solid impurities and residual oil, which makes full preparation for further separation of emulsified oil by a separation membrane; the membrane processor is used for effectively filtering and separating the emulsified oil, so that the high-efficiency separation treatment of the oily water is realized; the oil-water separator well realizes the separation of oil drops and water in the oily sewage, the filter material filter filters solid impurities, and finally the membrane processor only carries out thorough interception and separation on emulsified oil and dissolved oil, thereby realizing the conversion of the oily sewage → separation water → filtered water → permeated water, and coordinating and orderly ensuring the separation treatment effect of the oily sewage.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the oily water treatment system further comprises a sewage collection cabinet, the sewage collection cabinet is communicated to the pretreatment cabinet through a sewage delivery pump, and a stirrer is arranged in the pretreatment cabinet. The centralized collection and centralized treatment of the multi-ship oily water are facilitated, and the treatment efficiency and the purification effect are improved; so that the water treatment agent can be fully mixed with the sewage, and the purification treatment effect is enhanced.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dosing barrel contains polyaluminium chloride and/or demulsifier and/or activated carbon and/or polyacrylamide. The medicine adding barrel is filled with polyaluminium chloride, a demulsifier, activated carbon and polyacrylamide. The comprehensive effects of adsorption, coagulation, emulsion breaking, sterilization and precipitation on the oily water are formed.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an ozone delivery port of the ozone generator is sequentially communicated with the pretreatment cabinet through an ozone outlet valve and an ozone valve of the pretreatment cabinet, and an ozone output port of the ozone generator is further sequentially communicated with the sludge settling cabinet through the ozone outlet valve and an ozone valve of the settling cabinet. The ozone generator is a water-cooled ozone generator or an air-cooled ozone generator. Effectively controlling and enhancing the purifying effect of ozone in the pretreatment cabinet and the sludge settling cabinet.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sludge dewatering machine is a stacked screw type sludge dewatering machine, and dry sludge extruded by the sludge dewatering machine is sent into the sludge collecting barrel through a dry sludge port. The oil-water separator adopts an oil-sewage stacked disc gathering and separating device, and waste oil separated by the oil-water separator flows into a waste oil pool through a waste oil discharge valve. The separation and extrusion of dry mud and the recovery of waste oil are realized.

Further, the membrane processor comprises a filter membrane component which is an ultrafiltration membrane component or a microfiltration membrane component; the filter material filter adopts a multi-medium filter material filter. The filtered water outlet of the filter material filter is connected with the purified water outlet of the membrane processor in parallel and then is communicated to the purified water discharge valve through the anti-siphon pipe.

Drawings

The complex oily water treatment system for the ship is further described in detail with reference to the attached drawings and the detailed description.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the complex oily water treatment system of the ship.

In the figure, 1-sewage collection cabinet, 2-dosing barrel, 3-dosing pump, 4-sewage delivery pump, 5-pretreatment cabinet, 6-stirrer, 7-ozone generator, 8-pretreatment cabinet ozone valve, 9-pretreatment cabinet supernatant valve, 10-ozone outlet valve, 11-precipitation cabinet ozone valve, 12-pretreatment liquid delivery pump, 13-sludge precipitation cabinet, 14-precipitation cabinet supernatant valve, 15-precipitation sludge delivery pump, 16-sludge dewatering machine, 17-dewatering port, 18-dry sludge port, 19-dry sludge collection barrel, 20-waste water cabinet, 21-waste oil discharge valve, 22-waste oil tank, 23-oil water separator, 24-blowdown valve, 25-prefilter plate, 26-suction pump, 27-separation water discharge valve, 28-filter material filter, 29-filtration water discharge valve I, 30-membrane processor, 31-permeation water valve, 32-filtration water discharge valve II, 33-water purification one-way valve, 34-anti-siphon pipe, 35-purge discharge valve.

Detailed Description

The complex oily sewage treatment system of the ship shown in figure 1 comprises a sewage collection cabinet 1, a pretreatment cabinet 5, a sludge settling cabinet 13 and a sludge dewatering machine 16. The sewage collection cabinet 1, the pretreatment cabinet 5, the sludge settling cabinet 13 and the sludge dewatering machine 16 are sequentially communicated with each other from front to back along a sewage treatment flow, i.e., a sewage treatment path. The sewage collecting cabinet 1 is used for collecting high-concentration oil sewage with complex components from each cabin of the ship or a plurality of ships so as to facilitate centralized treatment. The sewage collecting cabinet 1 is communicated with the sludge settling cabinet 13 through a corresponding pipeline and a sewage delivery pump 4 so as to deliver oily sewage in the sewage collecting cabinet 1 to the pretreatment cabinet 5, a dosing barrel 2 and a dosing pump 3 are mounted on the outer wall of the pretreatment cabinet 5, the dosing barrel 2 is communicated with the pretreatment cabinet 5 through the dosing pump 3, a plurality of cavities are separated from the dosing barrel 2, each cavity is filled with a corresponding medicament, in the embodiment, the dosing barrel 2 is separated into a polyaluminium chloride storage cavity, a demulsifier storage cavity, an active carbon storage cavity and a polyacrylamide storage cavity, so that the polyaluminium chloride, the demulsifier, the active carbon and the polyacrylamide which are independently stored are filled in the dosing barrel 2, and the active carbon is water treatment active carbon; according to the property and the composition of the oily water, a certain amount of corresponding medicament is injected into the pretreatment cabinet 5 through the medicament adding pump 3 at regular intervals. After the medicament is injected into the pretreatment cabinet 5, starting the stirrer 6 arranged on the pretreatment cabinet 5 to stir uniformly, stopping stirring for a certain time, conveying the supernatant on the upper layer in the pretreatment cabinet 5 to the waste oil water cabinet 20 through the pretreatment supernatant valve 9 and a corresponding pipeline, and pumping the precipitate on the bottom layer of the pretreatment cabinet 5 into the sludge precipitation cabinet 13 through the pretreatment liquid conveying pump 12 for standing precipitation treatment.

The ozone generator 7 adopts a water-cooled ozone generator, and the output port of the ozone generator 7 is communicated to the pretreatment cabinet 5 through an ozone outlet valve 10 and an ozone valve 8 of the pretreatment cabinet in sequence. The ozone output port of the ozone generator 7 is also communicated to a sludge settling tank 13 through an ozone outlet valve 10 and a settling tank ozone valve 11. When the stirrer 6 in the pretreatment tank 5 is operated for stirring, the ozone generator 7 supplies oxygen to the pretreatment tank 5 and the sludge settling tank 13, and then stops supplying the air to allow standing and settling.

The supernatant in the sludge settling tank 13 flows into the waste oil water tank 20 through a corresponding pipeline and a settling supernatant valve 14, and the settled sewage in the lower layer of the sludge settling tank 13 is pumped into a feed inlet of a sludge dewatering machine 16 through a settled sludge delivery pump 15. The sludge dewatering machine 16 adopts a stacked screw type sludge dewatering machine, extruded dry sludge formed by dewatering of the sludge dewatering machine 16 is sent into a dry sludge collecting barrel 19 through a dry sludge port 18, and extruded waste water of the sludge dewatering machine 16 flows into a waste oil water tank 20 through a corresponding pipeline. The supernatant of the pretreatment cabinet 5 and the sludge settling cabinet 13 and the sewage extruded by the sludge dewatering machine 16 are collected into a waste oil water cabinet 20 for the next oil-water separation and purification treatment.

The waste oil water tank 20 is communicated with the oil-water separator 23 through a pipeline, and the oil-water separator 23 adopts an oil-water stacked disc gathering and separating device (the invention patent of the applicant, the invention patent of which is filed by 2009.09.17 and is granted, the patent number is ZL 200910034993.3), and the separating device has the advantages of high separating efficiency and good separating effect. The separated water separated by the oil-water separator 23 is pumped to a filter material filter 28 through a suction pump 26 and a primary filter screen plate 25. The waste oil separated by the oil-water separator 23 flows into the waste oil pool 22 through the waste oil discharge valve 21, and the bottom of the oil-water separator 23 is also provided with a drain valve 24.

The filter material filter 28 is a multi-medium filter material filter, and the primary filter screen plate 25 comprises a primary filter cylinder body and a polyester woven bag arranged in the primary filter cylinder body so as to filter out rapid oil stain flocculates and impurities. The filtered water outlet of the filter material filter 28 is communicated with the membrane processor 30 through a filtered water discharge valve II 32, and the filtered water outlet of the filter material filter 28 is also communicated with a purified water discharge valve 35 through a filtered water discharge valve I29, a purified one-way valve 33, an anti-siphon pipe 34. The two parallel filtering water paths can select a treatment path according to the water quality index of the filtered water, and have better economical efficiency.

The membrane processor 30 comprises a cylinder body and one or a plurality of groups of filter membranes, the filter membranes adopt tubular ultrafiltration membranes, a permeate water outlet of the membrane processor 30 is communicated with a permeate water valve 31, a clean water one-way valve 33, an anti-siphon pipe 34 and a clean water discharge valve 35, and permeate water of the membrane processor 30 is discharged through the permeate water valve 31, the clean water one-way valve 33, the anti-siphon pipe 34 and the clean water discharge valve 35 in sequence.

The foregoing illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and many changes and modifications can be made while following the principle of the present invention. The medicine adding barrel can adopt a method of adding medicine by a medicine adding pump, and can also be manually added, and the medicines in the medicine adding barrel can be respectively pumped in by placing in cavities, and can also be pumped in by mixing; the ozone generator can also adopt the forms of an air-cooled generator and the like; the sludge dewatering machine can be a common dewatering device such as a spiral dewatering machine besides a spiral dewatering machine, the oil-water separator, the filter material filter and the primary filter screen plate can adopt other common structures, and the filter membrane of the membrane processor can adopt an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane; and so on. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a complicated oily water treatment system of boats and ships which characterized in that: the oily water treatment system comprises a pretreatment cabinet (5), a sludge precipitation cabinet (13) and a sludge dewatering machine (16) which are sequentially communicated along an oily water treatment path, wherein the pretreatment cabinet (5) is communicated with the sludge precipitation cabinet (13) through a pretreatment liquid conveying pump (12), and the sludge precipitation cabinet (13) is conveyed to the sludge dewatering machine (16) through a precipitated sludge conveying pump (15); the supernatant of the pretreatment cabinet (5) and the supernatant of the sludge settling cabinet (13) are communicated to the waste oil water cabinet (20) through corresponding pipelines, and the extrusion wastewater of the sludge dewatering machine (16) is also communicated to the waste oil water cabinet (20) through corresponding pipelines; the dosing barrel (2) is communicated with the pretreatment cabinet (5) through the dosing pump (3), and an ozone output port of the ozone generator (7) is respectively communicated with the pretreatment cabinet (5) and the sludge settling cabinet (13); the medicine adding barrel (2) is at least filled with polyaluminium chloride and/or demulsifier and/or activated carbon; the waste oil water tank (20) is communicated with an oil-water separator (23), separated water of the oil-water separator (23) is conveyed to a filter material filter (28) through a suction pump (26), a filtered water outlet of the filter material filter (28) is communicated with a membrane processor (30) through a filtered water discharge valve II (32), a purified water outlet of the membrane processor (30) is communicated with a purified water discharge valve (35), and a filtered water outlet of the filter material filter (28) is also communicated with the purified water discharge valve (35) through a filtered water discharge valve I (29).

2. The marine complex oily water treatment system according to claim 1, wherein: the oily water treatment system further comprises a sewage collection cabinet (1), the sewage collection cabinet (1) is communicated to the pretreatment cabinet (5) through a sewage delivery pump (4), and a stirrer (6) is arranged in the pretreatment cabinet (5).

3. The marine complex oily water treatment system according to claim 1, wherein: the medicine adding barrel (2) is filled with polyaluminium chloride and/or demulsifier and/or activated carbon and/or polyacrylamide.

4. The marine complex oily water treatment system according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: the medicine adding barrel (2) is filled with polyaluminium chloride, a demulsifier, activated carbon and polyacrylamide.

5. The marine complex oily water treatment system according to claim 1, wherein: an ozone delivery port of the ozone generator (7) is communicated with the pretreatment cabinet (5) through an ozone outlet valve (10) and a pretreatment cabinet ozone valve (8) in sequence, and an ozone delivery port of the ozone generator (7) is communicated with the sludge precipitation cabinet (13) through the ozone outlet valve (10) and a precipitation cabinet ozone valve (11) in sequence.

6. The marine complex oily water treatment system according to claim 1 or 5, wherein: the ozone generator (7) is a water-cooled ozone generator or an air-cooled ozone generator.

7. The marine complex oily water treatment system according to claim 1, wherein: the sludge dewatering machine (16) is a stacked screw type sludge dewatering machine, and extruded dry sludge of the sludge dewatering machine (16) is sent into the sludge collecting barrel (19) through the dry sludge opening (18).

8. The marine complex oily water treatment system according to claim 1, wherein: the oil-water separator (23) adopts an oil-sewage stacked disc gathering and separating device, and waste oil separated by the oil-water separator (23) flows into a waste oil pool (22) through a waste oil discharge valve (21).

9. The marine complex oily water treatment system according to claim 1, wherein: the membrane processor (30) comprises a filter membrane component which is an ultrafiltration membrane component or a microfiltration membrane component; the filter material filter (28) adopts a multi-medium filter material filter.

10. The marine complex oily water treatment system according to claim 1 or 9, wherein: the filtered water outlet of the filter material filter (28) is connected with the purified water outlet of the membrane processor (30) in parallel and then is communicated with the purified water discharge valve (35) through the anti-siphon pipe (34).