CN112171307A

CN112171307A - Gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe

Info

Publication number: CN112171307A
Application number: CN202011013031.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邵传伟; 林海梁; 李光; 王赫群
Original assignee: Xiamen Zhongke Iberg Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Xiamen Zhongke Iberg Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-23
Filing date: 2020-09-23
Publication date: 2021-01-05

Abstract

The invention provides a gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe, and relates to the technical field of structural part machining. The vertical lathe comprises: the machine tool comprises a machine tool body upright post, a workbench, a cross beam, a planker, a ram and a simple pendulum main shaft; the simple pendulum main shaft comprises an electric main shaft and a servo rotating mechanism, the electric main shaft is rotatably connected with the servo rotating mechanism through a rotating shaft which is horizontally arranged, and the electric main shaft is driven by the servo rotating mechanism to rotate and swing along with the rotating shaft. According to the invention, the workbench freely slides on the guide rail of the lathe bed along the X-axis direction, the carriage freely slides on the guide rail of the cross beam along the Y-axis direction, so that the relative horizontal movement of the electric main shaft and a workpiece is realized, the ram freely slides on the carriage along the Z-axis direction, so that the electric main shaft can conveniently go deep into the workpiece, the servo rotating mechanism drives the electric main shaft to swing, the drilling and milling angle of the electric main shaft is freely controllable, the vertical lathe can be used for turning the inner circle, the outer circle and the end face of the workpiece, the inner hole and the plane of the workpiece can be machined, the secondary clamping is avoided, and the machining precision of the workpiece is improved.

Description

Gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of structural part machining, in particular to a gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe.

Background

The vertical lathe is called as a vertical lathe for short, the vertical lathe is mainly used for processing large and heavy workpieces with large diameter and short length and workpieces which are not easy to clamp on a horizontal lathe, and under the condition that the rotation diameter is met, the too heavy workpieces are not easy to clamp on a horizontal lathe, and the dead weight of the vertical lathe affects the processing precision, so that the vertical lathe can be used for solving the problems.

The common vertical lathe on the market can process the excircle, inner hole and end surface of a cylindrical or conical structural member at present.

However, the conventional vertical lathe cannot work a hole or a plane in a workpiece by penetrating into the workpiece. The machining is finished on the vertical lathe and then the gantry mill, and the machining precision is low due to secondary clamping.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe, which solves the problem that the vertical lathe cannot process holes and planes inside workpieces.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a five-axis linkage merry go round machine of planer-type, the merry go round machine includes: the machine tool comprises a machine tool body upright post, a workbench, a cross beam, a planker, a ram and a simple pendulum main shaft; the workbench is arranged on a guide rail of the bed of the vertical bed and is pushed by a lead screw driving mechanism to freely slide along the X-axis direction; the carriage is arranged on a guide rail of the cross beam and is pushed by a lead screw driving mechanism to freely slide along the Y-axis direction; the ram is arranged on the carriage and is pushed by the lead screw driving mechanism to freely slide along the Z-axis direction; the simple pendulum main shaft is installed on the ram, the simple pendulum main shaft comprises an electric main shaft and a servo rotating mechanism, the electric main shaft is rotatably connected with the servo rotating mechanism through a rotating shaft horizontally arranged, and the electric main shaft is driven by the servo rotating mechanism to swing along with the rotating shaft in a rotating mode.

Preferably, the servo rotating mechanism includes: the device comprises a swing head support, a servo motor, a speed reducer, a driving wheel, a synchronous belt, a driven wheel and a turntable bearing; the swing head support is arranged on the ram, the servo motor and the speed reducer are arranged on the swing head support, an output shaft of the servo motor is connected with an input shaft of the speed reducer, and the driving wheel and an output shaft of the speed reducer are coaxially fixed; the driving wheel and the driven wheel are in transmission through a synchronous belt, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the swing head support through a turntable bearing, one end of the rotating shaft is coaxially fixed with the driven wheel, and the other end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the electric spindle.

Preferably, one side of the swing head support, which is close to the electric spindle, is provided with a freely telescopic positioning cylinder rod, the electric spindle is provided with a plurality of positioning taper sleeves corresponding to the positioning cylinder rods, and the positioning cylinder rods are stretched and inserted into the positioning taper sleeves.

Preferably, the number of the positioning taper sleeves is three, and the three positioning taper sleeves are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the positioning cylinder rod when the electric spindle swings to 0 degree, +45 degrees or-45 degrees.

Preferably, be provided with anodeless positioning mechanism between revolving stage bearing and the pivot, anodeless positioning mechanism includes: the device comprises a fixed flange, a cylinder body, a gland, a conical locking sleeve, a piston and a sealing ring; one end of the cylinder body is connected with the fixed flange, and the other end of the cylinder body is connected with the gland;

the conical locking sleeve is connected with the inner wall of the fixed flange, the conical locking sleeve and the gland share the same axis, a channel for the rotating shaft to pass through is formed in the common axis of the fixed flange, the conical locking sleeve and the gland, and the rotating shaft freely rotates in the channel;

the piston is positioned between the cylinder body and the conical locking sleeve, and the outer walls at two ends of the piston are sealed with the inner wall of the cylinder body through sealing rings; a conical hole matched with the conical outer wall of the conical locking sleeve is formed in the axial position of the piston, and a compression spring is arranged between the piston and the gland; the compression spring pushes the piston, so that the conical locking sleeve tightly holds the rotating shaft.

Preferably, the workbench comprises from bottom to top: the device comprises a base, chip guide grooves, a grid, a rotary table and clamping jaws; the jack catch is installed on the revolving stage, the revolving stage rotates to be connected on the grid, the revolving stage freely rotates along its axis, the grid is installed on the chip guide groove, the chip guide groove is installed on the base.

Preferably, the turntable is a direct-drive turntable.

Preferably, a scrap flushing sprayer is arranged in the scrap guide groove.

Preferably, a knife handle positioning groove is formed in the bottom of the electric spindle, and the knife handle positioning groove is in clamping connection with a knife handle of a turning tool for limiting.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, the workbench freely slides on the guide rail of the lathe bed along the X-axis direction, the carriage freely slides on the guide rail of the cross beam along the Y-axis direction, so that the relative horizontal movement of the electric main shaft and a workpiece is realized, the ram freely slides on the carriage along the Z-axis direction, so that the electric main shaft can conveniently go deep into the workpiece, the servo rotating mechanism drives the electric main shaft to swing, the drilling and milling angle of the electric main shaft is freely controllable, the vertical lathe can be used for turning the inner circle, the outer circle and the end face of the workpiece, the inner hole and the plane of the workpiece can be machined, the secondary clamping is avoided, and the machining precision of the workpiece is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical lathe in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a pendulum spindle in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a pendulum spindle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a stepless positioning mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a workbench in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the application provides a five-axis linkage merry go round machine of planer-type, has solved the unable problem that processes work piece inside hole and plane of merry go round machine.

In order to solve the technical problems, the general idea of the embodiment of the application is as follows:

in the embodiment of the invention, the workbench freely slides on the guide rail of the lathe bed along the X-axis direction, the carriage freely slides on the guide rail of the cross beam along the Y-axis direction, so that the relative horizontal movement of the electric spindle and a workpiece is realized, the ram freely slides on the carriage along the Z-axis direction, the electric spindle is conveniently inserted into the workpiece, and the servo rotating mechanism drives the electric spindle to swing, so that the drilling and milling angles of the electric spindle are freely controllable, the vertical lathe can be used for turning the inner circle, the outer circle and the end face of the workpiece, processing the inner hole and the plane of the workpiece, avoiding secondary clamping and improving the processing precision of the workpiece.

In order to better understand the technical solution, the technical solution will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.

Example (b):

as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides a gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe, which comprises: the device comprises a bed body upright post 10, a workbench 20, a cross beam 30, a carriage 40, a ram 50 and a simple pendulum main shaft 60; the lathe bed upright post 10 is fixed on a foundation, the cross beam 30 is arranged on the lathe bed upright post 10 to form a gantry, and the workbench 20 is arranged on a guide rail of the lathe bed of the vertical lathe and is pushed by a lead screw driving mechanism to freely slide along the X-axis direction; the carriage 40 is mounted on the guide rail of the beam 30 and is pushed by the lead screw driving mechanism to freely slide along the Y-axis direction; the ram 50 is arranged on the carriage 40 and is pushed by a screw rod driving mechanism to freely slide along the Z-axis direction; the simple pendulum main shaft 60 is installed on the ram 50, the simple pendulum main shaft 60 comprises an electric main shaft 70 and a servo rotating mechanism, the electric main shaft 70 is rotatably connected with the servo rotating mechanism through a rotating shaft 71 which is horizontally arranged, and the electric main shaft 70 is driven by the servo rotating mechanism to rotate and swing along with the rotating shaft 71.

The workbench 20 freely slides on a guide rail of the lathe bed along the X-axis direction, the carriage 40 freely slides on a guide rail of the beam 30 along the Y-axis direction, so that the relative horizontal movement of the electric spindle 70 and a workpiece is realized, the ram 50 freely slides on the carriage 40 along the Z-axis direction, the electric spindle 70 is convenient to go deep into the workpiece, the servo rotating mechanism drives the electric spindle 70 to swing, the drilling and milling angle of the electric spindle 70 is freely controllable, the processing of a vertical lathe on the inner hole and the plane of the workpiece is realized, the secondary clamping is avoided, and the processing precision of the workpiece is improved.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the servo rotation mechanism includes: a swing head bracket 61, a servo motor 62, a speed reducer 63, a driving wheel 64, a synchronous belt 65, a driven wheel 66 and a turntable bearing 67; the swing head support 61 is mounted on the ram 50, the servo motor 62 and the speed reducer 63 are mounted on the swing head support 61, an output shaft of the servo motor 62 is connected with an input shaft of the speed reducer 63, and the driving wheel 64 is coaxially fixed with an output shaft of the speed reducer 63; the driving wheel 64 and the driven wheel 66 are driven by a synchronous belt 65, the rotating shaft 71 is rotatably connected with the swing head support 61 through a turntable bearing 67, one end of the rotating shaft 71 is coaxially fixed with the driven wheel 66, and the other end of the rotating shaft 71 is fixedly connected with the electric spindle 70.

The servo motor 62 is started to drive the electric spindle 70 to swing, so that the drilling and milling angle of the vertical lathe can be freely controlled.

As shown in fig. 3, a freely telescopic positioning cylinder rod 68 is arranged on one side of the swing head support 61 close to the electric spindle 70, the electric spindle 70 is provided with a plurality of positioning taper sleeves 72 corresponding to the positioning cylinder rods 68, the positioning cylinder rods 68 are inserted into the positioning taper sleeves 72 in a stretching manner, the connection strength between the electric spindle 70 and the swing head support 61 is enhanced, and the electric spindle 70 is prevented from shaking in the drilling and milling process to influence the processing precision of a workpiece.

The three positioning taper sleeves 72 are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the positioning cylinder rods 68 when the electric spindle 70 swings to 0 degree, +45 degrees or-45 degrees. When the electric spindle 70 is driven to swing, the positioning air cylinder rod 68 retracts, and when the electric spindle 70 rotates to 0 degrees, +45 degrees and-45 degrees, the positioning air cylinder rod 68 is inserted into the positioning taper sleeve 72 so as to bear the force generated in the drilling and milling process.

As shown in fig. 4, an electrodeless positioning mechanism is provided between the turntable bearing 67 and the rotating shaft 71, and the electrodeless positioning mechanism includes: a fixed flange 81, a cylinder 82, a gland 83, a tapered locking sleeve 84, a piston 85 and a sealing ring 86; one end of the cylinder 82 is connected with the fixed flange 81, and the other end is connected with the gland 83;

the conical locking sleeve 84 is connected with the inner wall of the fixed flange 81, the conical locking sleeve 84 and the gland 83 share the same axis, a channel for the rotating shaft 71 to pass through is formed in the common axis of the fixed flange 81, the conical locking sleeve 84 and the gland 83, and the rotating shaft 71 freely rotates in the channel;

the piston 85 is positioned between the cylinder 82 and the tapered locking sleeve 84, and the outer walls of the two ends of the piston 85 are sealed with the inner wall of the cylinder 82 through a sealing ring 86; a tapered hole matched with the tapered outer wall of the tapered locking sleeve 84 is formed in the axial position of the piston 85, and a compression spring 87 is arranged between the piston 85 and the gland 83; the compression spring 87 pushes the piston 85, so that the conical locking sleeve 84 tightly holds the rotating shaft 71 to achieve a locking effect, stepless positioning of the rotating shaft 71 is achieved, the electric spindle 70 can be positioned and locked no matter what angle the electric spindle swings to, and the vertical lathe can drill holes and mill faces at any angle. When the rotating shaft 71 needs to rotate, air is injected into the cylinder cavity 88 between the cylinder body 82 and the piston 85, so that the piston 85 is separated from the tapered locking sleeve 84, and the tapered locking sleeve 84 releases the rotating shaft 71.

As shown in fig. 5, the working table 20 sequentially includes, from bottom to top: the base 21, the chip guide grooves 22, the grating 23, the rotary table 24 and the clamping jaws 25; the clamping jaws 25 are arranged on the rotary table 24 and used for clamping workpieces; the rotary table 24 is rotatably connected to the grating 23, the rotary table 24 freely rotates along the axis of the rotary table, the workpiece rotates at a high speed in the drilling and milling process, the grating 23 is installed on the chip guide groove 22, the chip guide groove 22 is installed on the base 21, the grating 23 is convenient for chips to pass through and fall into the chip guide groove 22, and meanwhile, a standing platform is provided for an operator.

The rotary table 24 is a direct-drive rotary table, can meet the requirement of high rotating speed required by turning, can also meet the requirement of high rigidity and positioning precision required by surface milling, and can further meet the requirement of high responsiveness required by five-axis linkage.

A chip-flushing nozzle (not shown) is arranged in the chip guide groove 22, and the chip-flushing nozzle flushes cutting chips from the inclined surface of the chip guide groove 22.

As shown in fig. 2, a tool holder positioning groove 73 is formed in the bottom of the electric spindle 70, and the tool holder positioning groove 73 is in clamping connection with a tool holder of a turning tool for limiting, so that the turning tool is prevented from rotating in the turning process.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

in the embodiment of the invention, the workbench freely slides on the guide rail of the lathe bed along the X-axis direction, the carriage freely slides on the guide rail of the cross beam along the Y-axis direction, so that the relative horizontal movement of the electric spindle and a workpiece is realized, the ram freely slides on the carriage along the Z-axis direction, the electric spindle is conveniently inserted into the workpiece, and the servo rotating mechanism drives the electric spindle to swing, so that the drilling and milling angles of the electric spindle are freely controllable, the vertical lathe can be used for turning the inner circle, the outer circle and the end face of the workpiece, processing the inner hole and the plane of the workpiece, avoiding secondary clamping and improving the processing precision of the workpiece. And the gantry type structure has good rigidity, and the movement of the right-angle three-coordinate system is convenient during the programming of the drilling.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a five-axis linkage merry go round machine of planer-type which characterized in that, the merry go round machine includes: the device comprises a lathe bed upright post (10), a workbench (20), a cross beam (30), a carriage (40), a ram (50) and a simple pendulum main shaft (60); the lathe bed vertical column (10) is fixed on a foundation, the cross beam (30) is installed on the lathe bed vertical column (10) to form a gantry, and the workbench (20) is installed on a guide rail of the lathe bed of the vertical lathe and is pushed by a lead screw driving mechanism to freely slide along the X-axis direction; the carriage (40) is arranged on a guide rail of the cross beam (30) and is pushed by a lead screw driving mechanism to freely slide along the Y-axis direction; the ram (50) is arranged on the carriage (40) and is pushed by the lead screw driving mechanism to freely slide along the Z-axis direction; simple pendulum main shaft (60) are installed on ram (50), simple pendulum main shaft (60) are including electric main shaft (70) and servo rotary mechanism, electric main shaft (70) are connected with servo rotary mechanism rotation through pivot (71) that the level set up, electric main shaft (70) are along with pivot (71) rotatory swing under servo rotary mechanism's drive.

2. The gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe of claim 1, wherein the servo rotating mechanism comprises: the device comprises a swing head support (61), a servo motor (62), a speed reducer (63), a driving wheel (64), a synchronous belt (65), a driven wheel (66) and a turntable bearing (67); the swing head support (61) is mounted on the ram (50), the servo motor (62) and the speed reducer (63) are mounted on the swing head support (61), an output shaft of the servo motor (62) is connected with an input shaft of the speed reducer (63), and the driving wheel (64) and an output shaft of the speed reducer (63) are coaxially fixed; the driving wheel (64) and the driven wheel (66) are transmitted through a synchronous belt (65), the rotating shaft (71) is rotatably connected with the swing head support (61) through a turntable bearing (67), one end of the rotating shaft (71) is coaxially fixed with the driven wheel (66), and the other end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the electric spindle (70).

3. The gantry five-axis linkage vertical lathe as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a freely telescopic positioning cylinder rod (68) is arranged on one side of the swing head support (61) close to the electric spindle (70), the electric spindle (70) is provided with a plurality of positioning taper sleeves (72) corresponding to the positioning cylinder rods (68), and the positioning cylinder rods (68) are inserted into the positioning taper sleeves (72) in a stretching manner.

4. The gantry five-axis linkage vertical lathe according to claim 3, characterized in that the number of the positioning taper sleeves (72) is three, and the three positioning taper sleeves (72) are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the positioning cylinder rods (68) when the electric spindle (70) swings to 0 °, +45 °, -45 °.

5. The gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein an electrodeless positioning mechanism is arranged between the turntable bearing (67) and the rotating shaft (71), and the electrodeless positioning mechanism comprises: the device comprises a fixed flange (81), a cylinder body (82), a gland (83), a conical locking sleeve (84), a piston (85) and a sealing ring (86); one end of the cylinder body (82) is connected with the fixed flange (81), and the other end of the cylinder body is connected with the gland (83);

the conical locking sleeve (84) is connected with the inner wall of the fixed flange (81), the conical locking sleeve (84) and the gland (83) share the same axis, a channel for the rotating shaft (71) to pass through is formed in the common axis of the fixed flange (81), the conical locking sleeve (84) and the gland (83), and the rotating shaft (71) freely rotates in the channel;

the piston (85) is positioned between the cylinder body (82) and the conical locking sleeve (84), and the outer walls of the two ends of the piston (85) are sealed with the inner wall of the cylinder body (82) through a sealing ring (86); a tapered hole matched with the tapered outer wall of the tapered locking sleeve (84) is formed in the axial position of the piston (85), and a compression spring (87) is arranged between the piston (85) and the gland (83); the compression spring (87) pushes the piston (85) to enable the conical locking sleeve (84) to tightly hold the rotating shaft (71).

6. The gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that the worktable (20) comprises, from bottom to top: the device comprises a base (21), chip guide grooves (22), a grating (23), a rotary table (24) and clamping jaws (25); the clamping jaw (25) is installed on the rotary table (24), the rotary table (24) is rotatably connected to the grating (23), the rotary table (24) freely rotates along the axis of the rotary table, the grating (23) is installed on the chip guide groove (22), and the chip guide groove (22) is installed on the base (21).

7. The gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe according to claim 6, wherein the turntable (24) is a direct-drive turntable.

8. The gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein a scrap flushing nozzle is arranged in the scrap guide groove (22).

9. The gantry type five-axis linkage vertical lathe of claim 1, wherein a handle positioning groove (73) is formed in the bottom of the electric spindle (70), and the handle positioning groove (73) is in clamping connection with a handle of a turning tool for limiting.