CN112164887B - Wide-bandwidth beam dual-polarization directional antenna conformal with metal carrier - Google Patents
Wide-bandwidth beam dual-polarization directional antenna conformal with metal carrier Download PDFInfo
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- CN112164887B CN112164887B CN202011075580.2A CN202011075580A CN112164887B CN 112164887 B CN112164887 B CN 112164887B CN 202011075580 A CN202011075580 A CN 202011075580A CN 112164887 B CN112164887 B CN 112164887B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
Abstract
The invention relates to a wide-bandwidth beam dual-polarization directional antenna conformal with a metal carrier, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The antenna comprises a metal cavity, a radiation cover plate, two microstrip balun substrates and a radio frequency connector, wherein the metal cavity wraps the whole antenna, the radiation cover plate is matched with the upper surface of the metal cavity, the microstrip balun substrates are used for bearing a microstrip matching circuit, and the radio frequency connector is connected with a feed hole in the microstrip matching circuit. The radiation cover plate adopts the design of a cross gap and adopts a microstrip balun matching circuit to feed respectively. The metal radiating sheets on the surface of the radiating cover plate are connected with the whole metal cavity, the metal radiating sheets on the surface of the radiating cover plate are divided into four pieces, two radiating sheets on each diagonal line are called a pair of radiating units, when two pairs of radiating units are excited simultaneously, dual-polarization radiation is formed, a directional diagram can be obtained right above the antenna, and meanwhile, the antenna can be applied to the surface of a metal carrier to carry out conformal design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a wide-bandwidth beam dual-polarization directional antenna conformal with a metal carrier, which is particularly used on the surface of the metal carrier, wherein the surface shape of the metal carrier is not easy to damage.
Background
The magnetic current antenna can normally work in an environment close to metal, has a small backward level and a wide beam characteristic, and can cover a relatively large radiation range. The dual-polarized antenna can simultaneously transmit or receive two orthogonally polarized electromagnetic waves, so that the dual-polarized antenna can realize the action of two antennas in the same frequency band, and the cost and the installation space of the antenna can be reduced. At present, the dual-polarized magnetic current antenna has a great application prospect in the conformal design with the metal surface.
A common form of magnetic current antenna is a microstrip magnetic current antenna. The microstrip magnetic current antenna is usually sealed by metal on one side or three sides of a microstrip patch on the upper part of the antenna, when the microstrip magnetic current antenna is fed, equivalent magnetic current can be formed on the unsealed side, and the width of the microstrip patch is generally lambda/4. The magnetic current antenna generally has the characteristic of wide beam, but the impedance bandwidth is small, a certain technology needs to be adopted to widen the bandwidth, and the widening bandwidth can cause obvious deformation of a radiation pattern.
The operating bandwidth of the antenna is a very important technical indicator. In order to meet the requirement of high-speed and large-capacity communication nowadays, a broadband antenna is an important development trend of the antenna. For a conventional magnetic dipole antenna, the antenna bandwidth is difficult to increase. According to the existing microstrip magnetic current antenna technology, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is often less than 10%. Therefore, on the premise of applying magnetic current radiation, how to realize the broadband characteristic of the dual-polarized magnetic current antenna is a difficult problem to be solved urgently in the field of wireless communication.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to improve the working bandwidth of the existing dual-polarized magnetic current antenna, the invention provides a wide-bandwidth beam dual-polarized directional antenna which can be conformal with a metal carrier.
Technical scheme
A wide bandwidth beam dual polarized directional antenna conformable to a metal carrier, comprising:
the metal cavity wraps the whole antenna;
the radiation cover plate is matched with the upper surface of the metal cavity;
the microstrip balun substrate is used for bearing a microstrip matching circuit;
and the radio frequency joints are connected with the feed holes on the microstrip matching circuit.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the upper surface of the metal cavity is not closed, grooves are reserved on the periphery of the metal cavity, and cross grooves are reserved inside the bottom surface of the metal cavity.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the radiation cover plate is made of a printed circuit and is embedded on the upper surface of the metal cavity to form a whole with the metal cavity, copper is coated on the upper surface of the radiation cover plate in a metal mode, a cross gap is reserved on the metal radiation sheet, the metal radiation sheet is in short circuit with the metal cavity at the edge, therefore, the cross gap can form equivalent magnetic current under current excitation and can coexist with a metal carrier, and a cross slot is reserved in the center of the cover plate.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the cross gap of the metal radiating sheet and the cross slot form a 45-degree angle.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the two microstrip balun substrates are made of printed circuits, the microstrip lines are printed on the front surfaces of the microstrip balun substrates, the metal grounding surfaces are printed on the back surfaces of the microstrip lines, one end of each microstrip line is inserted into the cross-shaped groove at the bottom of the metal cavity, and the other end of each microstrip line is inserted into the cross-shaped slot of the radiation cover plate.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the two microstrip balun substrates are respectively provided with a slot design, one substrate is provided with a slot upwards, the other substrate is provided with a slot downwards, and the two substrates are arranged in a crossed manner.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described as follows: the back of the two microstrip balun substrates is provided with a slot with the length of lambda/4.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described as follows: the microstrip lines are isolated in the middle through a bridge circuit, and the bottoms of the microstrip lines are connected with the radio frequency connector inner core.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the two radio frequency connectors are arranged below the metal cavity, the inner core of each radio frequency connector penetrates through the bottom of the metal cavity to be connected with the microstrip balun wire, and the outer skin of each radio frequency connector is connected with the bottom surface of the metal cavity.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the wide-bandwidth beam dual-polarization directional antenna conformal with the metal carrier provided by the invention has the advantages that the radiation cover plate adopts the design of the cross-shaped slot, and the micro-strip balun matching circuits are adopted for feeding respectively. The metal radiating sheets on the surface of the radiating cover plate are connected with the whole metal cavity, the metal radiating sheets on the surface of the radiating cover plate are divided into four pieces, two radiating sheets on each diagonal line are called a pair of radiating units, when two pairs of radiating units are excited simultaneously, dual-polarization radiation is formed, a directional pattern can be obtained right above the antenna, and meanwhile, the antenna can be applied to the surface of a metal carrier to carry out conformal design. In addition, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna reaches more than one octave, the radiation efficiency reaches more than 95%, and the gain of the antenna in the whole upper half space reaches more than-3 dB.
Two pairs of radiating elements on the surface of the cover plate need to be fed through a differential circuit respectively, and one pair of radiating elements need to be excited with equal amplitude and opposite phases. The traditional feed circuit usually adopts a coupling feed structure, but the structure has certain defects and is difficult to implement in a small space inside a metal cavity, so that a microstrip balun matching circuit is provided. A pair of radiating elements is connected with the ground plane of the microstrip balun substrate, and a gap with the length of about lambda/4 is reserved in the middle part of the ground plane. The microstrip line on the front surface of the substrate is divided into three sections, and the microstrip line comprises a 50 omega standard microstrip line connected with the radio frequency connector; an impedance transformation line which is connected with the microstrip line and has the tail end of which the length is about lambda/4 at the middle position of the ground plane gap; and the open-circuit branch is connected with the impedance transformation line. The other pair of radiating elements are also connected and fed through a microstrip balun matching circuit in the same form, and the cross part of the two microstrip lines is isolated by adopting a bridge circuit. The microstrip balun matching circuit adopted by the invention has a simple structure, realizes the functions of impedance transformation and balanced feed, can provide good feed for two pairs of radiating elements, and simultaneously realizes the characteristic of high radiation efficiency of the antenna.
In summary, due to the adoption of the integrated connection of the radiation cover plate and the metal cavity and the microstrip balun matching circuit, the antenna simultaneously realizes the characteristics of wide beam, wide band, dual polarization and high isolation of the directional antenna, can be applied to the surface of a metal carrier for integrated design, and solves the technical problem that the traditional dual-polarization broadband antenna cannot conform to the metal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structural view of an antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a layered structure diagram of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a metal cavity of the antenna of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a top view of the radiating cover plate of the antenna of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a front view of two microstrip balun substrates of the antenna of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a rear view of two microstrip balun substrates of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the voltage standing wave ratio of two ports of the antenna of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph of the radiation efficiency of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is the main polarization pattern of the antenna of the present invention at 6.5 GHz;
FIG. 11 is the main polarization pattern of the antenna of the present invention at 10 GHz;
FIG. 12 is the main polarization pattern of the antenna of the present invention at 13GHz
Description of the reference numerals of the invention: 1-metal cavity, 2-radiation cover plate, 3-first balun substrate, 4-second balun substrate, 5-radio frequency connector, 101-groove, 102-crisscross slot, 103-feed hole, 201-first dielectric plate, 202-crisscross groove, 203-crisscross gap, 204-metal radiation piece, 301-first dielectric plate, 302-a first slot, 303-a first microstrip line, 304-a first impedance transformation line, 305-a first open-circuit branch, 306-a first slot, 307-a first ground plane, 401-a second dielectric slab, 402-a second slot, 403-a second microstrip line, 404-a second impedance transformation line, 405-a second open-circuit branch, 406-a second slot, 407-a second ground plane.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a wide bandwidth dual-polarized directional antenna conformal to a metal carrier, which includes a metal cavity 1, the metal cavity 1 wraps the entire antenna, a groove 101 is left on the upper periphery of the metal cavity for embedding a radiation cover plate 2, a cross slot 102 is left on the bottom of the metal cavity for embedding two microstrip balun substrates 3 and 4, so as to facilitate installation, and two feed holes 103 are left on the bottom of the metal cavity; the radiating cover plate 2 is positioned on the uppermost layer of the antenna and is embedded on the upper surface of the metal cavity 1, the radiating substrate 2 is manufactured by adopting a printed circuit process, a metal radiating sheet 204 forming a cross gap 203 is printed on the dielectric plate 201, the periphery of the metal radiating sheet 204 is welded with the metal cavity 1, and a cross groove 202 is designed in the dielectric plate 201; the microstrip balun comprises two microstrip balun substrates 3 and 4, wherein the two microstrip balun substrates 3 and 4 are manufactured by adopting a printed circuit process, a downward first slot 302 is reserved on a dielectric plate 301, and the microstrip lines on the front side of the dielectric plate comprise a 50-ohm standard microstrip line 303, a lambda/4 impedance transformation line 304 and an open-circuit branch 305; the dielectric plate 401 is provided with an upward second slot 402, and the microstrip line on the front surface of the dielectric plate is similar to the dielectric plate 301 and comprises a 50 Ω standard microstrip line 403, a λ/4 impedance transformation line 404 and an open-circuit branch 405; a microstrip line grounding surface 307 is printed on the back surface of the dielectric plate 301, a first gap 306 with the length of about lambda/4 is reserved in the middle of the microstrip line grounding surface 307, and a second gap 406 with the length of about lambda/4 is reserved in the middle of the microstrip line grounding surface 407 printed on the back surface of the dielectric plate 401; because the slot 302 cuts off part of the microstrip line grounding surface 307, the grounding surfaces 307 and 407 are required to be welded together when the microstrip balun substrates 3 and 4 are installed in a crisscross manner; the upper parts of the microstrip balun substrates 3 and 4 are embedded into the crisscross groove 202, the contact part of the grounding surface 307 and the metal radiating sheet 204 is welded, the lower parts of the microstrip balun substrates are embedded into the crisscross slot 102, and the contact part of the grounding surface 307 and the metal cavity 1 is welded; the radio frequency connectors 5 are arranged on the lower side of the metal cavity 1, inner cores of the radio frequency connectors penetrate through feed holes 103 reserved in the bottom of the metal cavity 1 and are connected with a 50-ohm standard microstrip line 403, and outer skins of the radio frequency connectors 5 are connected with the bottom surface of the metal cavity 1.
The periphery of the metal radiating sheet 204 is welded with the metal cavity 1, the whole antenna is covered by all metal except the cross-shaped gap 203, when two pairs of metal radiating sheets 204 at diagonal positions are excited by equal-amplitude reverse current, the antenna can be equivalently radiated by magnetic currents on two orthogonal gaps, so that the interference on the antenna when the antenna is close to the metal surface is greatly reduced, and the antenna can realize the characteristic of being conformal with a metal carrier.
The microstrip balun substrates 3 and 4 are used for carrying a microstrip balun matching circuit, and due to the structural characteristics of the antenna, in a narrow space inside the metal cavity 1, the traditional coupling type feeding method is difficult to simultaneously realize the impedance transformation and the balanced feeding effect. With a ground plane slotted microstrip balun matching circuit, slots 306 and 406 in the ground plane and open stubs 305 and 405 on the front side can be used to adjust the input reactance of the antenna, and λ/4 impedance transformation lines 304 and 404 can transform the input resistance of the antenna to 50 Ω. Finally, the microstrip line is connected with the inner core of the radio frequency connector 5 through 50 omega standard microstrip lines 303 and 403. When the radio frequency connector 5 sends high-frequency current, because of the existence of the slots 306 and 406 on the ground plane, the two sides of the slot obtain equal-amplitude reverse current through coupling and send the current to the two pairs of metal radiating pieces 204, the crossed part of the two microstrip lines adopts bridge circuit isolation, and the length and the width of the microstrip lines are reasonably adjusted, so that the antenna can be subjected to balanced feed and good impedance matching is realized.
Multiple technologies are implemented together, so that the antenna disclosed by the invention can be applied to the surface of a metal carrier for conformal design, and meanwhile, the antenna also has the advantages of wide frequency band, wide beam and dual polarization.
1. Emulated content
Please refer to fig. 8 to fig. 10. The two feeding ports are fed by adopting equal amplitude 90-degree phase difference, and simulation software is utilized to simulate the voltage standing wave ratio, the radiation efficiency and the directional diagram of the antenna in the embodiment.
2. Simulation result
Fig. 8 is a graph of vswr as a function of operating frequency simulated for an antenna according to an embodiment. The solid and dashed lines represent the voltage standing wave ratios of the two ports (port 1, port 2), respectively. It can be seen that both ports exhibit good broadband characteristics and the consistency of the curves is very high. Within the frequency band range of 6.5 GHz-13.0 GHz, the voltage standing wave ratio is less than 2, and the absolute bandwidth reaches one octave. The result shows that the antenna of the invention obtains obvious broadband characteristic when being applied to the surface of a metal carrier, meanwhile, two ports of the antenna have good symmetry, and the frequency band can meet most requirements of mobile communication.
Fig. 9 is a graph of radiation efficiency as a function of operating frequency obtained by simulation of the antenna of the embodiment. As shown in fig. 9, in the operating frequency band (6.5 GHz-13.0 GHz), the radiation efficiency of the antenna is greater than 95%, and such high efficiency can ensure that the antenna can realize the most efficient transmission and reception, and can obtain higher signal strength under the same input power, thereby satisfying the development plans of energy saving and emission reduction and green low carbon in the communication industry.
Fig. 10 shows a circularly polarized pattern with a center frequency of 9.75GHz simulated for the antenna of the embodiment. It can be seen that the antenna satisfies the directional radiation characteristic. In the upper half space (-90 degrees to +90 degrees), the gain of the antenna is larger than-3 dB, and particularly, compared with the traditional microstrip antenna, the gain of the antenna is reduced obviously and slowly at the position of +/-90 degrees. The slow decrease in gain in the horizontal direction ensures that the antenna of the present embodiment achieves good radiation characteristics while conforming to a metal carrier.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not constitute any limitation to the present invention, and obviously, under the concept of the present invention, the structure, parameters and frequency of the present invention can be modified, so as to obtain the wide bandwidth beam dual polarization characteristic of the antenna of the present invention and achieve good co-existence of the antenna and the metal carrier, but these are all protected by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A wide bandwidth beam dual polarized directional antenna conformable to a metal carrier, comprising:
the metal cavity wraps the whole antenna;
the radiation cover plate is matched with the upper surface of the metal cavity;
the microstrip balun substrate is used for bearing a microstrip matching circuit;
the radio frequency connectors are connected with the feed holes on the microstrip matching circuit;
the radiation cover plate is made of a printed circuit and is embedded on the upper surface of the metal cavity to form a whole with the metal cavity, copper is coated on the upper surface of the radiation cover plate in a metal manner, a cross gap is reserved on the metal radiation sheet, and the metal radiation sheet is short-circuited with the metal cavity at the edge, so that the cross gap can form equivalent magnetic current under current excitation and can coexist with a metal carrier, and a cross slot is reserved in the center of the cover plate;
the two microstrip balun substrates are made of printed circuits, the front surfaces of the two microstrip balun substrates are printed with microstrip lines, the back surfaces of the two microstrip balun substrates are printed with metal grounding surfaces, one end of each microstrip balun substrate is inserted into a cross groove at the bottom of the metal cavity, and the other end of each microstrip balun substrate is inserted into a cross slot of the radiation cover plate;
the microstrip balun substrate is manufactured by adopting a printed circuit process, one microstrip balun substrate is provided with a downward first slot, and the microstrip line on the front side of the microstrip balun substrate comprises a 50 omega standard microstrip line, a lambda/4 impedance transformation line and an open-circuit branch; the other microstrip balun substrate is provided with an upward second slot, and the microstrip line on the front side of the microstrip balun substrate comprises a 50 omega standard microstrip line, a lambda/4 impedance transformation line and an open-circuit branch.
2. The wide bandwidth beam dual polarization directional antenna conformal with metal carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal cavity has an upper surface not closed and a groove left around, and a cross-shaped groove also left inside the bottom surface.
3. A wide bandwidth beam dual polarization directional antenna conformable to a metal carrier as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cross slots of the metal radiating patches are slotted 45 ° to the cross.
4. The wide bandwidth dual polarized directional antenna conformal to metal carrier of claim 1, wherein the two microstrip balun substrates are respectively provided with a slot design, one substrate is slotted upwards, the other substrate is slotted downwards, and the two substrates are disposed crosswise.
5. The wide bandwidth beam dual polarization directional antenna conformal with metal carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the back of the two microstrip balun substrate is provided with a slot with length λ/4.
6. The wide bandwidth wide beam dual polarized directional antenna conformal with metal carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microstrip line is isolated by bridge circuit in the middle and connected to the inner core of the rf connector at the bottom.
7. The wide bandwidth beam dual polarization directional antenna conformable to metal carrier of claim 1, wherein said two rf connectors are placed under the metal cavity, the inner core of said rf connector is connected to the microstrip balun through the bottom of said metal cavity, and the outer skin of said rf connector is connected to the bottom of said metal cavity.
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| CN202011075580.2A CN112164887B (en) | 2020-10-09 | 2020-10-09 | Wide-bandwidth beam dual-polarization directional antenna conformal with metal carrier |
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| CN202011075580.2A CN112164887B (en) | 2020-10-09 | 2020-10-09 | Wide-bandwidth beam dual-polarization directional antenna conformal with metal carrier |
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| CN112164887B true CN112164887B (en) | 2022-06-07 |
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| CN114464988B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-05-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Design method of special-shaped medium loaded dual-polarized back cavity antenna |
| CN117175195B (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2024-04-12 | 广州程星通信科技有限公司 | Broadband wide-angle scanning double-circular polarization antenna array |
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