CN112164270A - Training model for abdominal peritoneal hernia repair operation and manufacturing method and storage method thereof - Google Patents
Training model for abdominal peritoneal hernia repair operation and manufacturing method and storage method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112164270A CN112164270A CN202011142573.XA CN202011142573A CN112164270A CN 112164270 A CN112164270 A CN 112164270A CN 202011142573 A CN202011142573 A CN 202011142573A CN 112164270 A CN112164270 A CN 112164270A
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
Abstract
The invention provides a training model for a repair operation of a trans-abdominal peritoneal hernia, and a manufacturing method and a storage method thereof, and relates to the technical field of medical treatment. The method for manufacturing the training model for the abdominal peritoneal hernia repair operation provided by the invention takes the stomach tissue as the main raw material, fully simulates the texture of the focus tissue, the structure of the actual focus and the trend of blood vessels, and is simple and rapid, convenient in material taking and low in cost. The training model is made of the main raw materials of gastric tissues, fully simulates the texture of focus tissues and the touch and force feedback of real surgical operation, provides a reliable training model for medical staff, improves surgical skills, has simple requirements on training environment, saves the investment of fields, cost, manpower and the like, and realizes daily operation training.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical treatment, in particular to a training model for a repair operation of a hernia through an abdominal peritoneal as well as a manufacturing method and a storage method thereof.
Background
Hernia is usually seen in the abdomen, and extraabdominal hernia is usually seen. The incidence rate of inguinal hernia is the highest, accounting for more than 90%, and the inguinal hernia accounts for about 5%, and the common extraabdominal hernia also includes incisional hernia, umbilical hernia and catgut hernia, but the hernia cannot be self-healed. Early or mild symptoms may cause the patient to experience pain, sagging and distending abdomen, dyspepsia and diarrhea. After the disease condition develops continuously, the lump falls into the scrotum, which causes inconvenience in movement and walking. People with serious symptoms can suffer incarceration, such as untimely treatment, intestinal necrosis and even life crisis, so timely treatment measures are taken, wherein surgical treatment is the most common treatment means for hernia, and the success rate of surgical healing is influenced by the skill of a surgeon.
At present, surgeons mostly adopt teaching modes of 'teachers and bare persons with education' and 'training with an operation instead', so that the manual operation of the surgeons is seriously insufficient. The success rate of surgery is closely related to the skill of the surgeon, and the most effective way to improve the skill of surgery is to perform a lot of and real training.
Currently, many doctors perform simple incision and suture operations using animal organs, living animals, beans, or simulated silica gel meat as the object of surgical training. Although the above methods can improve the skill of the operation to some extent, they still have serious disadvantages:
an isolated animal organ is taken as an operation training object, and only single skills such as suturing, cutting and the like can be exercised due to the lack of focus; the living animals are used as operation training objects, the investment is high, animal raising rooms, anesthesia equipment, operation sites and the like need to be provided, and the difference between the animals and people is large; the simulated meat of the beans or silica gel is used as an operation training object, and can only train basic abilities of space sense conversion, hand-eye coordination, double-hand coordination and the like, and the requirements of human body operations cannot be met.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a training model for a repair operation of a trans-peritoneal hernia, which is simple and rapid, convenient in material acquisition and low in cost, and the manufactured training model can fully simulate the focus of the trans-peritoneal hernia.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a training model for a mended operation of a trans-peritoneal hernia, which sufficiently simulates the tactile sensation and force feedback of a real operation, and provides a reliable training model for medical staff to solve at least one of the above problems.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a preservation method of a training model for a repair operation of a trans-peritoneal hernia, which is simple and rapid and has good preservation effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the following technical scheme is adopted:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for making a training model for a repair operation for a hernia via an abdominal peritoneal membrane, comprising the following steps:
a, separating a gastric fundus and a gastric body of a gastric tissue, then, separating a mucosa layer and a sarcoplasmic layer at the edge of the gastric fundus, folding the separated mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer by taking a long axis AB of the gastric fundus as a folding line, respectively connecting and fixing the edges of the butted mucosa layer and sarcoplasmic layer from an A end to a B end, keeping an opening at the B end, placing two simulation pipelines between the separated mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer, and fixing one end of each simulation pipeline at the A end to manufacture the simulation hernia sac;
b, cutting the pylorus and cardia of the stomach body through along the lesser curvature of the stomach, cutting a notch on the stomach body, and separating the mucous layer and the sarcoplasmic layer on the stomach body by taking the notch as an end point to obtain at least two channels;
c, respectively placing the two simulation pipelines in the step a into the two channels in the step B, and butting and fixing the edge of the opening at the B end of the simulated hernia sac and the edge of the notch on the stomach body to manufacture the training model for the laparoscopic anterior hernia repair operation.
As a further aspect, the stomach tissue is derived from a mammal;
preferably, the mammal comprises a pig, a cow or a sheep;
preferably, the stomach tissue is stomach tissue with the uneven part of the lesser curvature fold of the stomach removed;
preferably, the simulated conduit is an avian intestine, preferably a chicken intestine;
preferably, the diameter of the poultry intestinal canal is 0.8-1.2 cm, preferably 1 cm;
preferably, the length of the intestinal tract of the poultry is 12-18 cm, preferably 15 cm;
preferably, the poultry intestines are internally injected with liquid, and both ends of the poultry intestines are ligated.
As a further technical scheme, in the step a, the width of the separation of the mucous layer and the sarcoplasmic layer is 0.5-1.5 cm, preferably 1 cm;
preferably, the diameter of the reserved opening at the B end is 2.5-3.5 cm, and is preferably 3 cm;
preferably, the length of the simulated hernia sac is 8-12 cm, and preferably 10 cm.
As a further technical solution, the step b further includes the following operations: separating the mucous membrane layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at the edge of the gap by 1.5-2.5 cm, and removing the separated mucous membrane layer;
preferably, the notch is a circular notch; preferably, the distance between the circular notch and the large bending tie film is 1.5-2.5 cm, preferably 2 cm;
preferably, the distance between the round gap and the upper edge of the stomach body is 8-15 cm, and preferably 10 cm.
As a further technical scheme, in the step c, the mode of simulating the butt joint and fixation of the hernia sac and the notch on the stomach body is as follows: and connecting and fixing the mucous membrane layer at the opening of the B end of the simulated hernia sac and the mucous membrane layer at the edge of the stomach body gap, and connecting and fixing the mucous membrane layer at the opening of the B end of the simulated hernia sac and the mucous membrane layer at the edge of the stomach body gap.
As a further technical scheme, the step b also comprises the step of cutting the stomach body from the pylorus to the cardia for 4-6 cm along the greater curvature, wherein the tail end of the incision is a point C;
preferably, the body of the stomach is cut 5cm along the greater curvature from the pylorus to the cardia.
As a further technical scheme, in the step b, the length of each channel is independently 4-6 cm, preferably 5 cm;
preferably, in the step c, an included angle between the two simulation pipelines of the insertion channel part is 50-70 degrees, and preferably 60 degrees;
preferably, the bisector of the included angle is in the direction from the notch to point C.
As a further technical solution, the fixing manner includes sewing or fixing with a needle.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a training model for a mended operation for a trans-peritoneal pre-hernia.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for storing a training model for a transabdominal anterior hernia repair operation, which comprises the following steps:
the training model for the abdominal peritoneal hernia repair operation is washed, preserved, vacuumized and stored in a quick-freezing way at the temperature of between 20 ℃ below zero and 18 ℃ below zero in sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for manufacturing a training model for a ventral peritoneal hernia repair operation, which is characterized in that a stomach body is used as a raw material to simulate an abdominal wall, a stomach fundus and a simulation pipeline are used as raw materials to manufacture a simulation hernia sac, the texture of the stomach fundus and the stomach body is similar to that of a focus, the focus can be more fully simulated, the shape of the simulation hernia sac manufactured by the method is similar to that of the hernia sac at the actual focus, and the position and the direction of the pipeline are similar, so that medical workers can deepen the understanding of the hernia sac and the pipeline at the focus; meanwhile, the simulated hernia sac is fixed at the notch of the stomach body to form the focus by simulating the focus abdominal wall notch through the notch cut on the stomach body, so that the position relation between the hernia sac and the abdominal wall can be better simulated, and the position and the direction of the focus abdominal wall pipeline can be better simulated by placing the two pipelines on the hernia sac in the channel of the stomach body. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and rapid, convenient in material obtaining and low in cost.
The training model is made of the main raw materials of gastric tissues, fully simulates the texture of focus tissues and the touch and force feedback of real surgical operation, provides a reliable training model for medical staff, improves surgical skills, has simple requirements on training environment, saves the investment of fields, cost, manpower and the like, and realizes daily operation training.
According to the preservation method of the training model for the ventral peritoneal hernia repair operation, provided by the invention, the training model is firstly cleaned, dirt such as blood clots or gastric contents on the surface of the model is removed, then the training model is subjected to antiseptic treatment, the training model is prevented from being rotted, and the training model is preserved after vacuumizing, packaging and quick freezing treatment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a front view of a training model for a menace operation for menace operation according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a reverse side view of a training model for a menace operation for mendation of anterior peritoneal hernia provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the fundus provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the location of the notch and channel in the stomach provided by the present invention.
Icon: 1-a notch; 2-a channel; 3-stomach body.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments and examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments and examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Those who do not specify the conditions are performed according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The invention relates to a training model for an abdominal and peritoneal hernia repair operation, which is manufactured by taking stomach tissue as a main raw material. The invention utilizes the special structure of the stomach to manufacture the training model, and the stomach tissue is close to the human tissue, so that the manufactured training model is closer to the texture and the touch of the real focus.
It should be noted that, after separating the fundus of the stomach tissue from the stomach body (the stomach tissue remaining after the fundus is removed), the contour of the obtained fundus is an ellipse or a circle, and for the sake of better clarity of the description of the present invention, it is easy to understand by those skilled in the art that the present invention sets the major axis of the ellipse as AB, and a and B are two end points of the major axis of the ellipse, respectively, and when the contour of the fundus is a circle, AB is any diameter of the circle, and a and B are two end points of the diameter, respectively.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for making a training model for a repair operation for a hernia via an abdominal peritoneal membrane, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of a, separating the gastric fundus and the gastric body of a gastric tissue, folding the mucosa layer and the serous muscle layer at the edge of the gastric fundus as folding lines after separating the mucosa layer and the serous muscle layer, respectively connecting and fixing the butted mucosa layer edge and the serous muscle layer edge from the A end to the B end, keeping the B end open, placing two simulation pipelines between the separated mucosa layer and the serous muscle layer, fixing one end of each simulation pipeline at the A end, and manufacturing to obtain the simulation hernia sac.
b, cutting the pylorus and cardia of the stomach along the lesser curvature of the stomach, and cutting a notch on the stomach.
Here, the manner of cutting the pylorus and cardia of the stomach is not particularly limited, and the cutting of the pylorus and cardia of the stomach may be achieved, for example, by cutting the stomach from the pylorus to the cardia along the lesser curvature of the stomach, or by cutting the stomach from the cardia to the pylorus, or by cutting the stomach from a certain position in the middle of the lesser curvature of the stomach to the pylorus and the cardia, respectively.
And taking the gap as an end point, and separating the mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer on the stomach body to obtain at least two channels. The number of channels is preferably 2 for placing two simulated tubes connected to the simulated hernial sac.
It should be noted that the channel in step b is a gap separating the serosal layer and the mucosal layer, and the channel may be straight, one end of which is connected to the notch on the stomach body, and the other end of which may be sealed or opened. The position relationship of the notch and the channel on the stomach body is shown in fig. 4, wherein the notch 1 and the channel 2 are on the stomach body 3, and the channel 2 is connected with the edge of the notch 1.
c, respectively placing the two simulation pipelines in the step a into the two channels in the step B, and butting and fixing the edge of the opening at the B end of the simulated hernia sac and the edge of the notch on the stomach body to manufacture the training model for the laparoscopic anterior hernia repair operation.
In the step c, after the two simulation pipelines are respectively placed in the channel, the tail ends of the two simulation pipelines can be fixed with the stomach body, so that the firmness of the training model is improved, and the loosening of the simulation pipelines is avoided; the edge of the simulated hernia sac B end opening is fixedly butted with the edge of the notch on the stomach body, and all the edges of the simulated hernia sac B end opening are fixedly butted with all the edges of the notch on the stomach body.
The preparation method provided by the invention takes the stomach tissue as the main raw material, fully simulates the texture of the lesion tissue, the structure and the blood vessel trend of the actual lesion, and is simple and rapid, convenient in material acquisition and low in cost.
In some preferred embodiments, the stomach tissue is derived from a mammal.
Preferably, the mammal includes, but is not limited to, a pig, a cow, or a sheep. The raw materials of the stomach tissue of the invention are wide in source, and pigs, cattle and sheep are generally raised and the materials are convenient to obtain.
Preferably, the stomach tissue is stomach tissue with the uneven portion of the lesser curvature fold of the stomach removed. In the invention, before the training model is manufactured, the stomach tissue can be pretreated, the uneven stomach body of the small gastric fold is removed to obtain the stomach tissue with uniform and smooth thickness, and the trimmed stomach tissue is used as a raw material to manufacture the training model which is closer to the actual focus tissue through the abdominal peritoneal hernia repair operation.
In the invention, two simulation pipelines are provided for respectively simulating the spermatic cord blood vessel and the vas deferens.
Preferably, the simulated conduit is an avian intestine, preferably a chicken intestine. The structure and the size of the poultry intestinal canal are close to those of human vascular tissues, and in the invention, the poultry intestinal canal can be used as a simulation pipeline, wherein chicken intestines are widely available and convenient to obtain, and the chicken intestines which are closer to human blood vessels are preferably used as the simulation pipeline.
In some preferred embodiments, the avian intestinal tract has a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2cm, for example, but not limited to, 0.8cm, 0.9cm, 1.0cm, 1.1cm or 1.2cm, preferably 1 cm;
preferably, the length of the intestinal tract of the poultry is 12-18 cm, for example, but not limited to, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm, 15cm, 16cm, 17cm or 18cm, preferably 15 cm.
Preferably, the poultry intestines are internally injected with liquid, and both ends of the poultry intestines are ligated. The injection of liquid into the poultry intestine better simulates the actual blood vessels, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to any particular injected liquid, such as water, or any other liquid known to those skilled in the art that can be used for intestinal filling without significant effect on the intestine.
By further optimizing and adjusting the diameter and the length of the poultry intestinal tract, the manufactured training model can simulate the blood vessel condition of the actual focus more truly.
In some preferred embodiments, in the step a, the width of the separation between the mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer is 0.5-1.5 cm, such as but not limited to 0.5cm, 0.7cm, 0.9cm, 1.1cm, 1.3cm or 1.5cm, preferably 1 cm;
preferably, the diameter of the B-end remaining opening is 2.5-3.5 cm, such as but not limited to 2.5cm, 2.7cm, 2.9cm, 3.1cm, 3.3cm or 3.5cm, preferably 3 cm;
preferably, the length of the simulated hernia sac is 8-12 cm, such as, but not limited to, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 11cm or 12cm, preferably 10 cm.
The width of the separation of the mucous layer and the sarcoplasmic layer, the diameter of the reserved opening at the B end and the length of the simulated hernia sac are further optimized and adjusted, so that the training model can be manufactured more conveniently, and the size of the manufactured training model is closer to that of an actual focus.
In some preferred embodiments, the b step further comprises the following operations: and separating the mucous membrane layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at the edge of the notch by 1.5-2.5 cm, and removing the separated mucous membrane layer. In the invention, the mucous layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at the edge of the notch are separated, and the separated mucous layer is removed, thereby being beneficial to the butt joint of the simulated hernia sac obtained by the subsequent manufacture and the notch.
Preferably, the notch is a circular notch. Generally, the abdominal wall notch at the focus of the hernia before the peritoneal cavity is close to a circle, and the invention is more beneficial to simulating the real focus by trimming the notch into the circle.
Preferably, the distance between the circular gap and the large bending film is 1.5-2.5 cm, such as but not limited to 1.5cm, 1.7cm, 1.9cm, 2.1cm, 2.3cm or 2.5cm, preferably 2 cm;
preferably, the circular gap is 8-15 cm away from the upper edge of the stomach body, for example, but not limited to, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm or 15cm, preferably 10 cm. The upper edge of the stomach body refers to the edge of the stomach body (the stomach tissue after removal of the fundus) that is separated from the fundus.
In some preferred embodiments, in the step c, the simulated abutting fixation of the hernia sac and the notch on the stomach body is as follows: and connecting and fixing the mucous membrane layer at the opening of the B end of the simulated hernia sac and the mucous membrane layer at the edge of the stomach body gap, and connecting and fixing the mucous membrane layer at the opening of the B end of the simulated hernia sac and the mucous membrane layer at the edge of the stomach body gap. In the present invention, the simulated hernia sac is connected with the abdominal wall in such a way that the connection is smooth and has no obvious level.
In some preferred embodiments, the step b further comprises cutting the stomach body from the pylorus to the cardia along the greater curvature by 4-6 cm, such as, but not limited to, 4cm, 4.5cm, 5cm, 5.5cm or 6cm, and the incision end is point C. In the invention, the stomach body is cut from the pylorus to the cardia along the greater curvature, so that the spreading of the stomach body is facilitated, and the abdominal wall shape of a focus is better simulated.
Preferably, the body of the stomach is cut 5cm along the greater curvature from the pylorus to the cardia.
In some preferred embodiments, in the step b, the length of each channel is independently 4-6 cm, such as but not limited to 4cm, 4.5cm, 5cm, 5.5cm or 6cm, preferably 5 cm. In the invention, the simulation pipeline exposed on the simulation hernia sac is arranged in the channel, so that the blood vessel direction at the focus is simulated, and the fixation of the blood vessel is facilitated. The length of the channel is properly adjusted according to the length of the simulation pipeline.
Preferably, in the step c, an included angle between two simulated pipelines inserted into the channel part is 50-70 degrees, for example, but not limited to, 50 degrees, 52 degrees, 54 degrees, 56 degrees, 58 degrees, 60 degrees, 62 degrees, 64 degrees, 66 degrees, 68 degrees or 70 degrees, preferably 60 degrees;
preferably, the bisector of the included angle is in the direction from the notch to point C.
In the invention, the two pipelines respectively simulate spermatic cord blood vessels and vas deferens at the hernia sac, and the two blood vessels are placed according to anatomical positions of the spermatic cord blood vessels and the vas deferens.
In some preferred embodiments, the means for attachment and fixation include, but are not limited to, suturing or needle fixation, or other means suitable for fixation of animal tissue known to those skilled in the art.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a training model for a mended operation for a trans-peritoneal pre-hernia.
The training model is made of the main raw materials of gastric tissues, fully simulates the texture of focus tissues and the touch and force feedback of real surgical operation, provides a reliable training model for medical staff, improves surgical skills, has simple requirements on training environment, saves the investment of fields, cost, manpower and the like, and realizes daily operation training.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for storing a training model for a transabdominal anterior hernia repair operation, which comprises the following steps:
the training model for the abdominal peritoneal hernia repair operation is washed, preserved, vacuumized and stored in a quick-freezing way at the temperature of between 20 ℃ below zero and 18 ℃ below zero in sequence.
The preservation method of the training model for the repair surgery of the abdominal ventral hernia provided by the invention comprises the following steps of firstly cleaning the training model, and removing blood clots, gastric contents and other dirt on the surface of the model; then, performing antiseptic treatment, wherein the antiseptic can be smeared on the surface of the training model in a treatment mode so as to avoid the training model from being rotten; and the training model is stored after vacuum packaging and quick freezing treatment, and the storage method is simple and quick and has good storage effect.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and comparative examples, but it should be understood that these examples are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
A training model for a repair operation of a hernia before an abdominal peritoneal comprises the following steps:
1. the stomach tissue of the pig is reduced along the lesser curvature to remove the unsmooth stomach body of the fold of the lesser curvature;
2. cutting the fundus and the corpus gastrodiae of the stomach tissue to obtain the fundus and the corpus gastrodiae;
3. schematic view of fundus stomach as shown in fig. 3, the mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at the fundus margin were separated by 0.5 cm; then folding the stomach by taking the long axis AB of the fundus as a fold line, suturing the edges of the butted mucosa layers from the A end to the B end, and reserving an opening with the diameter of 2.5cm at the B end; then placing two chicken intestines with the diameter of 0.8cm and the length of 12cm between the separated mucous layer and the serous muscle layer, fixing one end of each chicken intestine at the A end, and filling water into the chicken intestines for ligation; then, the edges of the butted sarcoplasmic layers are sewn from the end A to the end B, and an opening with the diameter of 2.5cm is reserved at the end B, so that a simulated hernia sac with the length of 8cm is obtained;
4. cutting the stomach body from cardia to pylorus along lesser curvature, and cutting 4cm from pylorus to cardia along greater curvature, wherein the end of the incision is point C; then, a circular notch with the diameter of 2.5cm is cut at the position, 1.5cm away from the greater tunica media, 8cm away from the upper edge of the stomach body, the mucous layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at the edge of the circular notch are separated by 1.5cm, and the separated mucous layer is cut off;
5. taking the circular gap as an end point, taking the direction from the end point to the point C as a 12-point direction, and separating the mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at 11 points and 1 point of the stomach body to obtain two tunnels with the length of 4 cm;
6. placing two chicken intestines into a tunnel, sewing and fixing the tail ends of the chicken intestines and a stomach body, connecting and sewing and fixing a mucous membrane layer at the B end of the simulated hernia sac and a serous muscle layer at the round gap of the stomach body, connecting and sewing and fixing the serous muscle layer at the B end of the simulated hernia sac and a mucous membrane layer at the periphery of the round gap of the stomach body, and manufacturing and obtaining a training model for the abdominal-peritoneal hernia repair operation, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2;
7. the training model for the abdominal peritoneal hernia repair operation prepared by the method is cleaned by clear water, then the surface of the training model is coated with preservative, and the training model is subjected to vacuum-pumping packaging and then is quickly frozen and stored at the temperature of 18 ℃ below zero.
Example 2
A training model for a repair operation of a hernia before an abdominal peritoneal comprises the following steps:
1. the stomach tissue of the sheep is reduced along the lesser curvature to eliminate the unsmooth stomach body of the fold of the lesser curvature;
2. cutting the fundus and the corpus gastrodiae of the stomach tissue to obtain the fundus and the corpus gastrodiae;
3. separating the mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at the bottom edge of the stomach by 1 cm; then folding the stomach by taking the long axis AB of the fundus as a fold line, fixing the edge of the butted mucosa layer from the A end to the B end by using a fixing needle, and reserving an opening with the diameter of 3cm at the B end; then placing two duck intestines with the diameter of 1cm and the length of 15cm between the separated mucous membrane layer and the serous muscle layer, sewing and fixing one end of the duck intestines at the A end, and filling water into the duck intestines for ligation; fixing the edges of the butted sarcoplasmic layers from the end A to the end B by using a fixing needle, and reserving an opening with the diameter of 3cm at the end B to obtain a simulated hernia sac with the length of 10 cm;
4. cutting the stomach body from cardia to pylorus along lesser curvature, and cutting 5cm from pylorus to cardia along greater curvature, wherein the end of the incision is point C; then, a circular notch with the diameter of 3cm is cut at the position which is 2cm away from the greater tunica media on the stomach body and 11cm away from the upper edge of the stomach body, the mucous layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at the edge of the circular notch are separated by 2cm, and the separated mucous layer is cut off;
5. taking the circular gap as an end point, taking the direction from the end point to the point C as a 12-point direction, and separating the mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at 11 points and 1 point of the stomach body to obtain two tunnels with the length of 5 cm;
6. placing the two duck intestines into a tunnel, fixing the tail ends of the duck intestines and a stomach body by using a fixing needle, connecting, sewing and fixing a mucous membrane layer at the B end of the simulated hernia sac and a mucous membrane layer at the circular gap of the stomach body, connecting, sewing and fixing the mucous membrane layer at the B end of the simulated hernia sac and the mucous membrane layer at the periphery of the circular gap of the stomach body, and manufacturing to obtain a training model for the abdominal-peritoneal front hernia repair operation;
7. the training model for the abdominal peritoneal hernia repair operation prepared by the method is cleaned by clear water, then the surface of the training model is coated with preservative, and the training model is subjected to vacuum-pumping packaging and then is quickly frozen and stored at the temperature of minus 19 ℃.
Example 3
A training model for a repair operation of a hernia before an abdominal peritoneal comprises the following steps:
1. the stomach tissue of the cattle is removed along the lesser curvature to eliminate the unsmooth stomach body of the fold of the lesser curvature;
2. cutting the fundus and the corpus gastrodiae of the stomach tissue to obtain the fundus and the corpus gastrodiae;
3. separating the mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at the bottom edge of the stomach by 1.5 cm; then folding the stomach by taking the long axis AB of the fundus as a fold line, suturing the edges of the butted mucosa layers from the A end to the B end, and reserving an opening with the diameter of 3.5cm at the B end; then placing two chicken intestines with the diameter of 1.2cm and the length of 18cm between the separated mucous layer and the serous muscle layer, fixing one end of each chicken intestine at the A end, and filling water into the chicken intestines for ligation; then, the edges of the butted sarcoplasmic layers are sewn from the end A to the end B, and an opening with the diameter of 3.5cm is reserved at the end B, so that a simulated hernia sac with the length of 12cm is obtained;
4. cutting the stomach body from cardia to pylorus along lesser curvature, and cutting 6cm from pylorus to cardia along greater curvature with the end of the incision being point C; then, a circular notch with the diameter of 3.5cm is cut at the position, which is 2.5cm away from the greater tunica media, on the stomach body and is 15cm away from the upper edge of the stomach body, the mucous membrane layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at the edge of the circular notch are separated by 2.5cm, and the separated mucous membrane layer is cut off;
5. taking the circular gap as an end point, taking the direction from the end point to the point C as a 12-point direction, and separating the mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at the 11-point and 1-point directions of the stomach body to obtain two tunnels with the length of 6 cm;
6. placing the two chicken intestines into a tunnel, sewing and fixing the tail ends of the chicken intestines and a stomach body, connecting and sewing and fixing a mucous membrane layer at the B end of the simulated hernia sac and a serous muscle layer at the round gap of the stomach body, connecting and sewing and fixing the serous muscle layer at the B end of the simulated hernia sac and a mucous membrane layer at the periphery of the round gap of the stomach body, and manufacturing and obtaining a training model for the abdominal-peritoneal pre-hernia repair operation;
7. the training model for the abdominal peritoneal hernia repair operation prepared by the method is cleaned by clear water, then the surface of the training model is coated with preservative, and the training model is subjected to vacuum-pumping packaging and then is quickly frozen and stored at the temperature of minus 20 ℃.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for manufacturing a training model for a repair operation of a hernia in front of an abdominal peritoneal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a, separating a gastric fundus and a gastric body of a gastric tissue, then, separating a mucosa layer and a sarcoplasmic layer at the edge of the gastric fundus, folding the separated mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer by taking a long axis AB of the gastric fundus as a folding line, respectively connecting and fixing the edges of the butted mucosa layer and sarcoplasmic layer from an A end to a B end, keeping an opening at the B end, placing two simulation pipelines between the separated mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer, and fixing one end of each simulation pipeline at the A end to manufacture the simulation hernia sac;
b, cutting the pylorus and cardia of the stomach body through along the lesser curvature of the stomach, cutting a notch on the stomach body, and separating the mucous layer and the sarcoplasmic layer on the stomach body by taking the notch as an end point to obtain at least two channels;
c, respectively placing the two simulation pipelines in the step a into the two channels in the step B, and butting and fixing the edge of the opening at the B end of the simulated hernia sac and the edge of the notch on the stomach body to manufacture the training model for the laparoscopic anterior hernia repair operation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stomach tissue is derived from a mammal;
preferably, the mammal comprises a pig, a cow or a sheep;
preferably, the stomach tissue is stomach tissue with the uneven part of the lesser curvature fold of the stomach removed;
preferably, the simulated conduit is an avian intestine, preferably a chicken intestine;
preferably, the diameter of the poultry intestinal canal is 0.8-1.2 cm, preferably 1 cm;
preferably, the length of the intestinal tract of the poultry is 12-18 cm, preferably 15 cm;
preferably, the poultry intestines are internally injected with liquid, and both ends of the poultry intestines are ligated.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the separation width between the mucosa layer and the sarcoplasmic layer is 0.5-1.5 cm, preferably 1 cm;
preferably, the diameter of the reserved opening at the B end is 2.5-3.5 cm, and is preferably 3 cm;
preferably, the length of the simulated hernia sac is 8-12 cm, and preferably 10 cm.
4. The method of manufacturing of claim 1, wherein the b step further comprises the operations of: separating the mucous membrane layer and the sarcoplasmic layer at the edge of the gap by 1.5-2.5 cm, and removing the separated mucous membrane layer;
preferably, the notch is a circular notch;
preferably, the distance between the circular notch and the large bending tie film is 1.5-2.5 cm, preferably 2 cm;
preferably, the distance between the round gap and the upper edge of the stomach body is 8-15 cm, and preferably 10 cm.
5. The method for manufacturing the artificial hernia support according to claim 1, wherein the step c includes the following steps: and connecting and fixing the mucous membrane layer at the opening of the B end of the simulated hernia sac and the mucous membrane layer at the edge of the stomach body gap, and connecting and fixing the mucous membrane layer at the opening of the B end of the simulated hernia sac and the mucous membrane layer at the edge of the stomach body gap.
6. The method for preparing a stomach patch according to claim 1, wherein the step b further comprises cutting the stomach body from the pylorus to the cardia along the greater curvature by 4-6 cm, wherein the end of the incision is a point C;
preferably, the body of the stomach is cut 5cm along the greater curvature from the pylorus to the cardia.
7. The manufacturing method of claim 6, wherein in the step b, the length of each channel is 4-6 cm, preferably 5 cm;
preferably, in the step c, an included angle between the two simulation pipelines of the insertion channel part is 50-70 degrees, and preferably 60 degrees;
preferably, the bisector of the included angle is in the direction from the notch to point C.
8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the securing comprises suturing or needle securing.
9. A training model for a mended operation for a ventral peritoneal hernia prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-8.
10. The method for preserving a training model for a menelial anterior peritoneal hernia repair surgery of claim 9, comprising the steps of:
the training model for the abdominal peritoneal hernia repair operation is washed, preserved, vacuumized and stored in a quick-freezing way at the temperature of between 20 ℃ below zero and 18 ℃ below zero in sequence.
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