CN112162474A - Compact near-to-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device - Google Patents
Compact near-to-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112162474A CN112162474A CN202010927187.5A CN202010927187A CN112162474A CN 112162474 A CN112162474 A CN 112162474A CN 202010927187 A CN202010927187 A CN 202010927187A CN 112162474 A CN112162474 A CN 112162474A
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- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001093 holography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000012886 Vertigo Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000003464 asthenopia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000889 vertigo Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
Abstract
The invention discloses a compact near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device, which comprises: a light source emitting divergent illumination light; a half mirror for partially transmitting the illumination light and partially reflecting the diffracted light; a lens for collimating the illumination light; a spatial light modulator for loading a computational hologram; the liquid crystal light valve is used for eliminating the influence of zero-order light and conjugate light. The invention can realize holographic near-eye augmented reality three-dimensional display without convergence regulation conflict. The designed device has simple structure and strong practicability and has important application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of holographic three-dimensional display, in particular to a compact holographic near-eye augmented reality three-dimensional display device.
Background
Present near-eye augmented reality shows is an important research field, and the mode that realizes near-eye augmented reality and show has the multiple, if use micro-display and complicated eyepiece device, realizes near-eye augmented reality and shows, and the three-dimensional display that utilizes this scheme to realize mostly is binocular parallax three-dimensional display, has vergence regulation conflict, wears this kind of near-eye augmented reality display equipment and can arouse eye fatigue and vertigo. The near-eye augmented reality display is realized by adopting the optical waveguide and the coupling grating technology, compared with a complex ocular device, the size and the weight are greatly reduced, and the near-eye augmented reality display is an important development direction at present, however, most of the near-eye augmented reality three-dimensional display based on the optical waveguide is still binocular parallax three-dimensional display.
The computer is combined with the hologram to form a computer hologram. Computational holography offers great flexibility over traditional optical holography, such as: (1) the holographic recording and display of the virtual object can be realized; (2) the calculated hologram is digital data, is convenient to store and transmit and can be repeatedly used; (3) dynamic holographic three-dimensional display and color holographic three-dimensional display can be realized.
In dynamic holographic three-dimensional display, a spatial light modulator is used for realizing display of a hologram, zero-order light is light which is directly irradiated onto the spatial light modulator and is not modulated by the hologram loaded into the spatial light modulator but directly reflected, and for a pure phase type spatial light modulator, the phenomenon which is currently not eliminated is mainly caused by the fact that the polarization state of illumination light which is irradiated onto the spatial light modulator is inconsistent with the polarization state required by the spatial light modulator and the filling rate of a pixel structure. The amplitude type hologram realized by the off-axis holography mode has a reproduced image comprising 0 laser, positive and negative first-order light and a high-order image caused by a pixel structure of a spatial light modulator. The removal of the effects of zero-order and high-order light is typically performed using 4f optics, after which the filtered light field is directed to the human eye for viewing using a half-mirror. Although the off-axis holographic display scheme solves the zero order light interference problem, the entire holographic display light path becomes complex due to the presence of the 4f optical device. When the holographic display of a large visual angle is realized through the free-form surface augmented reality eyepiece, the exit pupil of the device is small, and the requirement of directly watching a three-dimensional reappearance image is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a compact near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device which can eliminate the influence of zero-order light and high-order images and realize a large visual field and a large exit pupil.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A compact near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device, comprising:
a light source configured to emit a divergent illumination light;
a lens configured to convert divergent illumination light emitted by the light source, the converted light for illuminating a spatial light modulator
A spatial light modulator configured to load the computational hologram and modulate a light field illuminated thereon to emit a modulated light field;
a half-mirror configured as a means to reflect the modulated light field portion into a human eye.
And the liquid crystal light valve is configured as a device for filtering the light field after passing through the half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror.
The control module is configured to calculate and generate a hologram, load the hologram into the spatial light modulator, and realize synchronous control of loading the hologram into the light source module and the spatial light modulator and the liquid crystal light valve;
the environment light passes through the semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror without interference and then enters human eyes through the opening of the liquid crystal light valve.
The zero-order light is light which is not diffracted and is illuminated on the spatial light modulator, the high-order image is caused by the pixel structure of the spatial light modulator, and the zero-order light and the high-order image can influence the holographic imaging quality and need to be removed in a certain mode.
The compact near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device comprises a light source, a light reflection type spatial light modulator, a semi-transparent semi-reflective mirror, a diffraction light source and a diffraction light source, wherein the light source is a lattice laser light source, is positioned on a front focal plane of a lens, emits divergent illumination light, irradiates the lens after passing through the semi-transparent semi-reflective mirror, converts light after passing through the lens into plane waves, illuminates the reflection type spatial light modulator, modulated light and unmodulated light are transmitted in a reverse direction, the unmodulated light is converged to one point through the semi-transparent semi-reflective mirror to be zero-order light. On the convergence plane, a liquid crystal light valve with an amplitude type pixel structure and a control module are placed, the position and the size of an opening are controlled through the control module, diffracted positive first-order light is allowed to enter human eyes, other zero-order light and high-order light are shielded by the liquid crystal light valve, ambient light can enter the human eyes through a semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror and the opening of the liquid crystal light valve, and near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display is achieved. Different light sources in the dot matrix light source are lightened through time sequence, a calculation hologram corresponding to a three-dimensional object with a visual angle is loaded, and the time sequence control is synchronized with the opening of the liquid crystal light valve, so that near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display with a large exit pupil can be realized.
Preferably, the spatial light modulator comprises an amplitude-type or phase-type reflective spatial light modulator, such as a DMD, LCOS; the spatial light modulator modulates the light field in an amplitude modulation or phase modulation mode.
Preferably, the light source includes an LED dot matrix light source or a laser dot matrix light source, the laser dot matrix light source is a laser light source coupled into a plurality of optical fibers, the optical fiber head emits divergent illumination light, and the light source may be a monochromatic light source or a three-color light source of red, green, and blue. When in color display, the light sources with different colors are lightened through time sequence, and the time sequence control of the loaded hologram is carried out, so that the holographic three-dimensional display of the color near-eye augmented reality is realized.
Preferably, the control module is a control board or a computer made of an FPGA.
Preferably, the liquid crystal light valve is an amplitude type liquid crystal light valve with a pixel structure, and the opening position and the opening size of the amplitude type liquid crystal light valve can be controlled, so that diffracted positive-order light is allowed to pass through and enter human eyes, and other interference light is prevented from passing through.
Preferably, the lattice light source is located on the front focal plane of the lens, and divergent illumination light emitted by each point in the lattice light source is converted into plane waves in different directions by the lens for illuminating the spatial light modulator.
Preferably, the half mirror is located between the lens and the dot matrix light source, divergent illumination light emitted from one point of the dot matrix light source can partially penetrate through the half mirror to reach the lens, the divergent illumination light is modulated by the lens to form a plane wave illumination reflective spatial light modulator in a specific direction, the reflective spatial light modulator is loaded with a hologram to modulate the plane wave illuminating the reflective spatial light modulator, and the modulated light field propagating in the reverse direction is partially reflected and converged by the half mirror after passing through the lens.
Preferably, the liquid crystal light valve of the pixel structure is an amplitude type transmission liquid crystal light valve, which is formed by combining a transmission liquid crystal screen and polarizing plates positioned in front and back polarization states and orthogonal to each other, is positioned on a plane where a convergent point reflected by a semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror is positioned, is connected with a computer, can control the position and the size of transmitted light, and allows diffracted positive-order light to pass through and enter human eyes.
Preferably, the timing sequence of the dot matrix light source lighting is synchronous with the loaded hologram and the opening position of the amplitude type transmission liquid crystal light valve, the timing sequence is refreshed, when human eyes watch at different positions, the reproduction information of the three-dimensional object at different visual angles can be seen through the corresponding opening, and the ambient light can penetrate through the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror and then enters the human eyes through the opening of the liquid crystal light valve to achieve the purpose of augmented reality display.
Preferably, the display device may include a mirror, a polarizing plate, a wave plate, an attenuation plate, etc. for folding back the light path, controlling the brightness of the polarized light, etc.
Furthermore, the device can be manufactured into two sets, holographic three-dimensional reconstruction images corresponding to parallax are respectively displayed for the left eye and the right eye of a person, and a binocular near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the device does not need a 4f optical system for filtering, is compact, has practical application value, can eliminate the influence of zero-order light and high-order images, realizes a large viewing field and a large exit pupil, can realize the enhanced reality holographic three-dimensional near-to-eye display without convergence conflict, and has simple structure and strong practicability.
Drawings
FIGS. 1-3 are schematic diagrams of a near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device;
fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a binocular near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a light source module including three LED light sources is taken as an example to explain the principle of the compact near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device, where fig. 1 to 3 respectively show the display situation when the three light sources are turned on in a time-sharing manner.
In fig. 1, 101, 102 and 103 are three LED light sources, 104 is a half mirror, 105 is a lens, and the light sources 101, 102 and 103 are located on the front focal plane of the lens 105. 106 is a reflective spatial light modulator and 107 is a liquid crystal light valve with a pixel structure. The reflective spatial light modulator, the light source and the liquid crystal light valve are connected to a computer control module (e.g., a computer), which is not shown in the figure. In fig. 1, the point light sources 102 and 103 are turned off, the point light source 101 is turned on, it emits divergent illumination light, part of the divergent illumination light passes through the half mirror 104 and then passes through the lens 105 to be converted into plane waves, the reflective spatial light modulator is illuminated in a certain direction, the spatial light modulator loads the hologram of the three-dimensional object corresponding to the viewing angle, the hologram modulates the illumination light and propagates in the opposite direction, the undiffracted zero-order light is partially reflected and converged by the half mirror, the pixel structure amplitude type liquid crystal light valve is placed at the convergence point, the position and size of the opening of the liquid crystal light valve are controlled by the computer, the zero-order light and the high-order image generated by the diffraction are shielded, only the positive-order object light passes through and enters the human eye, and the environment light can partially pass through the half mirror and enter the human eye through the position of the opening of the amplitude type liquid. The device of fig. 2 and 3 is the same as that of fig. 1, except that light source 102 is on in fig. 2, the other two light sources 101 and 103 are off, light source 103 is on in fig. 3, and the other two light sources 101 and 102 are off. The plane wave directions of the reflecting type spatial light modulator are different when the different point light sources are used for lighting the reflecting type spatial light modulator, and the exit pupil has different positions. Through time sequence quick switching, human eyes can see a virtual three-dimensional image of augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display and an image in a real environment within the range of an exit pupil, and holographic three-dimensional display with a large exit pupil is realized. The calculation of holograms of three-dimensional objects at different viewing angles is prior art and is not described in detail.
And during color display, the dot matrix light source is a red, green and blue light source, and the color near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display is realized through time-sharing display and synchronous control with the loaded hologram and the liquid crystal light valve.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4, 201, 202 and 203 and 212, 213 and 214 are 6 LED light sources, 204 and 211 are half mirrors, 205 and 210 are lenses, the light sources 201, 202 and 203 are located on the front focal plane of the lens 205, and the light sources 212, 213 and 214 are located on the front focal plane of the lens 210. 206 and 209 are reflective spatial light modulators and 207 and 208 are liquid crystal light valves in a pixel configuration. In this embodiment, the display device in embodiment 1 is made into two sets of devices to implement a binocular near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device, and the devices thereof are consistent with those in embodiment 1 and are not described again. The compactness of the device is illustrated by a certain existing reflective spatial light modulator LCOoS, which has a resolution of 1920 × 1080, a pixel size of 6.4um, and a physical size of 12.28mm × 6.91 mm. Therefore, the thickness of the display device in front of eyes can be 12.28mm at least. It can be seen that the near-to-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device of the present invention is a very compact display device.
In addition, the principle that the single-color or lattice laser light source with an array structure formed by coupling laser into the light array is used for realizing time sequence illumination through the control switch is the same as that of the LED lattice light source time sequence control illumination, and the LED lattice light source time sequence control illumination method belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, additions, equivalents, etc. made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A compact near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device, comprising:
a light source configured to emit a divergent illumination light;
a lens configured to convert divergent illumination light emitted by the light source, the converted light for illuminating a spatial light modulator;
a spatial light modulator configured to load the computational hologram and modulate a light field illuminated thereon, emitting the modulated light field; a half-mirror configured as a means to reflect the modulated light field portion into a human eye;
a liquid crystal light valve configured as a device for filtering the light field after passing through the half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror;
the control module is configured to calculate and generate a hologram, load the hologram into the spatial light modulator, and realize synchronous control of loading the hologram into the light source module and the spatial light modulator and the liquid crystal light valve;
the environment light passes through the semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror without interference to enter human eyes and then passes through the opening of the liquid crystal light valve.
2. The compact near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a dot matrix LED light source or a dot matrix laser light source, the dot matrix laser light source being a light source laser-coupled into a plurality of optical fibers and emitting a plurality of diverging illumination light from a plurality of fiber optic heads; the light source comprises a monochromatic LED light source or a monochromatic laser light source or a red, green and blue LED light source or a red, green and blue laser light source, the laser light source is coupled into a plurality of optical fibers, and a plurality of red, green and blue light sources for emitting divergent illumination light are emitted from a plurality of optical fiber heads in a time sequence.
3. The holographic three-dimensional display device of claim 1, wherein the spatial light modulator is a reflective spatial light modulator, and the spatial light modulator modulates the light field in an amplitude modulation or a phase modulation.
4. The compact near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal light valve is an amplitude type liquid crystal light valve with a pixel structure, and the opening position and the opening size of the liquid crystal light valve can be controlled to allow diffracted positive-order light to pass through to enter human eyes, while preventing other interference light from passing through.
5. The holographic three-dimensional display device of compact near-eye augmented reality of claim 2, wherein the lattice laser light source and/or the lattice LED light source is located at the front focal plane of the lens, and divergent illumination light emitted from each point in the lattice laser light source and/or the lattice LED light source is converted into plane waves in different directions by the lens for illuminating the spatial light modulator.
6. The holographic three-dimensional display device of compact near-eye augmented reality of claim 2, wherein the half mirror is located between the lens and the lattice laser light source and/or the lattice LED light source, and the divergent illumination light emitted from each point in the lattice laser light source and/or the lattice LED light source partially penetrates through the half mirror to reach the lens to form a plane wave in a specific direction to illuminate the spatial light modulator, and the reflective spatial light modulator loads the light field of the hologram that propagates backward after modulating the illumination light, and after passing through the lens, the hologram is partially reflected and converged by the half mirror.
7. The compact near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device of claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal light valve with the pixel structure is an amplitude type transmissive liquid crystal light valve, and is formed by combining a transmissive liquid crystal screen and a polarizer with orthogonal polarization states, and the transmissive liquid crystal screen is located on a plane where a convergence point reflected by the half-mirror is located, and is connected with a computer, so that the position and the size of transmitted light can be controlled, and diffracted positive-order light can be allowed to pass through and enter human eyes.
8. The compact near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device of claim 2, wherein the lighting timing sequence of the lattice laser light source and/or the lattice LED light source is synchronized with the opening positions of the loaded hologram and the amplitude type transmissive liquid crystal light valve, the timing sequence is refreshed, when the human eyes watch at different positions, the reproduced information of the three-dimensional object at different viewing angles can be seen through the corresponding openings, and the ambient light can penetrate through the half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror and enter the human eyes through the openings of the liquid crystal light valve to realize augmented reality display.
9. The compact near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, comprising a mirror, a polarizer, a wave plate, and an attenuation plate, wherein the mirror, the polarizer, the wave plate, and the attenuation plate are used for controlling the folding back of the light path, the polarization state of the light, or the brightness, so that the system is more compact and the display performance is more excellent.
10. The compact near-eye augmented reality holographic three-dimensional display device of claim 1, wherein two sets of holographic three-dimensional reconstruction images are produced to respectively display the left eye and the right eye of a human to realize binocular holographic augmented reality three-dimensional display.
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