CN112161885A - Steel rail accelerated fatigue degradation experimental method - Google Patents
Steel rail accelerated fatigue degradation experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112161885A CN112161885A CN202011048699.0A CN202011048699A CN112161885A CN 112161885 A CN112161885 A CN 112161885A CN 202011048699 A CN202011048699 A CN 202011048699A CN 112161885 A CN112161885 A CN 112161885A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000221535 Pucciniales Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/006—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light of metals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0236—Other environments
- G01N2203/024—Corrosive
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steel rail accelerated fatigue degradation experimental method, which comprises the following steps of (1) sampling; (2) processing; (3) performing an environment box experiment; (4) performing stress experiment; (5) evaluating and judging; and taking the sample out of the fatigue testing machine, cleaning the sample by using ethanol, airing the sample, evaluating the sample, and judging whether the sample is suitable for the corresponding environment. The method realizes accelerated corrosion-fatigue test of environment-fatigue load synergistic effect; the method can evaluate the safety and the availability of the steel rail in the used environment, is closer to the actual use state of the steel rail with the evaluation, and provides a reliable and effective experimental evaluation method for steel rail material selection, construction design and steel rail product performance detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a steel rail material performance test method, in particular to a steel rail accelerated fatigue degradation test method.
Background
In recent years, through on-site visit and investigation, the corrosion of the steel rail in coastal areas in south China is more serious than that of the inland environment, the corrosion of the steel rail in the tunnel environment is more serious than that of the open environment, particularly, in the environment in a submarine tunnel, the environment in the tunnel is relatively higher in closed temperature due to seawater leakage, the air humidity is high, and the content of chloride ions in the air is high.
The rail failure is called rail corrosion fatigue, which is a very serious rail degradation form and is essentially the interaction of mechanical action generated by external load and electrochemical corrosion effect generated by a corrosion medium; this degradation effect is much greater than the result of pure corrosion or pure fatigue alone.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rail accelerated fatigue degradation experimental method. The method realizes accelerated corrosion-fatigue test of environment-fatigue load synergistic effect; the method can evaluate the safety and the availability of the steel rail in the used environment, is closer to the actual use state of the steel rail with the evaluation, and provides a reliable and effective experimental evaluation method for steel rail material selection, construction design and steel rail product performance detection.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for testing accelerated fatigue deterioration of steel rails comprises the following steps,
(1) sampling; sampling a steel rail fatigue test sample from the joint of the steel rail web and the rail bottom in a direction parallel to the length direction of the steel rail;
(2) processing; after sampling of the sample, processing according to the size; grinding and polishing the surface of the processed sample; removing oil from the sample by using acetone, and then cleaning by using an ethanol solution;
(3) performing an environment box experiment; inserting a sample into an environment box, bonding the sample and the environment box opening by using acid-alkali-resistant silica gel, forming salt mist by using a salt mist generator, introducing the salt mist into the environment box, and controlling the temperature of a heating device in the environment box to be 10-40 ℃;
(4) performing stress experiment; loading the sample on a fatigue testing machine, fixing an environment box, keeping the salt spray atmosphere and the temperature constant for 320 minutes, and then starting to load the cyclic constant load tensile stress;
(5) evaluating and judging; and taking the sample out of the fatigue testing machine, cleaning the sample by using ethanol, airing the sample, evaluating the sample, and judging whether the sample is suitable for the corresponding environment.
In the method for testing accelerated fatigue degradation of a steel rail, in the step (2), the machining size is that the height of the clamping ends at the two ends of the sample is 20mm, the width is 20mm, the length is 45mm, and four sides in the length direction are subjected to arc chamfering treatment, wherein the diameter of an arc is 26 mm; the middle parallel part is 13.5mm in height, 13.5mm in width and 60mm in length, and four edges in the length direction are subjected to arc chamfering treatment, wherein the diameter of an arc is 20 mm; the diameter of a transition arc between the clamping end and the parallel part is 60mm, and the length is 15 mm.
In the foregoing rail accelerated fatigue degradation experimental method, in the step (2), the grinding and polishing is performed by using 600# abrasive paper.
In the steel rail accelerated fatigue degradation experimental method, in the step (3), the acid and alkali resistant silica gel is 704 silicone rubber.
In the steel rail accelerated fatigue degradation experimental method, in the step (3), the environment medium in the environment box adopts a NaCl solution with the mass fraction of 1.2-2.4%, and salt mist is formed by the salt mist generator and introduced into the environment box.
Compared with the prior art, the rail accelerated fatigue degradation experimental method introduces environmental factors such as salt spray, temperature and the like on the basis of a rail fatigue experiment, and realizes an accelerated corrosion-fatigue experimental platform with environment-fatigue load synergistic effect; after the accelerated corrosion-fatigue test, the method can evaluate three defects of cracks, pitting corrosion and sample thinning, and the deterioration level of the tested sample can be known through evaluation so as to evaluate the safety and the usability of the steel rail in the used environment; the experimental method and the evaluation are closer to the actual use state of the steel rail, and a reliable and effective experimental evaluation method is provided for steel rail material selection, construction design and steel rail product performance detection.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the contents of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with the preferred embodiments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a processing diagram of a steel rail corrosion-fatigue test sample;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the environmental chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the environmental chamber of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a side view of a sample assembled in an environmental cartridge.
The reference signs are: 1-clamping end, 2-parallel portion, 3-transition arc.
Detailed Description
Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which, when taken in conjunction with the drawings, illustrate by way of example the principles of the invention.
Examples are given.
An experimental method for accelerated fatigue degradation of steel rails, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, comprises the following steps,
(1) sampling; sampling a steel rail fatigue test sample from the joint of the steel rail web and the rail bottom in a direction parallel to the length direction of the steel rail; the sample blank can be cut by any convenient method, if the blank is subjected to gas cutting, the heat affected zone on the surface is completely removed by grinding, sawing or machining;
(2) processing; after sampling of the sample, processing according to the size; the height of the clamping ends 1 at the two ends of the sample is 20mm, the width is 20mm, the length is 45mm, four edges in the length direction are subjected to arc chamfering treatment, and the diameter of an arc is 26 mm; the middle parallel part 2 is 13.5mm in height, 13.5mm in width and 60mm in length, and four edges in the length direction are subjected to arc chamfering treatment, wherein the diameter of an arc is 20 mm; the diameter of a transition arc 3 between the clamping end 1 and the parallel part 2 is 60mm, and the length is 15 mm; grinding six surfaces of the sample by water or dry grinding, and then grinding and polishing the surfaces of all the samples by using No. 600 abrasive paper; the last two working procedures of sample processing should ensure that the maximum amount of removed material is 0.05 mm; measuring the size of a sample, observing whether the surface of the sample has burrs, oil stains, rusts and processing problems, and carrying out corresponding treatment on the existing problems; before the test, the test piece was degreased with acetone and then cleaned with an ethanol solution.
(3) Performing an environment box experiment; the environment box is made of acid and alkali resistant organic glass, the appearance is cylindrical with the diameter of 180mm and the height of 70mm, round holes for mounting samples are formed in the upper portion and the lower portion of the sample box, the samples are inserted into the environment box during experiments, the sample and an opening of the environment box are bonded through acid and alkali resistant silica gel, the fact that a medium in the environment box does not leak during the experiments is guaranteed, and the acid and alkali resistant silica gel is 704 silicon rubber; the environment medium adopts NaCl solution with the mass fraction of 1.2-2.4%, the salt fog generator forms salt fog and leads the salt fog into the environment box, the experimental temperature is provided by a heating device in the environment box, the experimental temperature is 10-40 ℃, and the specific concentration and the experimental temperature are determined by referring to the environment of the service site of the steel rail.
(4) Performing stress experiment; loading the sample on a fatigue testing machine, fixing an environment box, keeping the salt spray atmosphere and the temperature constant for 320 minutes, and then starting to load the cyclic constant load tensile stress;
mechanical loading conditions are as follows: according to the working condition of the stress load borne by the steel rail in service, the constant-load tension cyclic fatigue loading mode is adopted for the test sample, and the loading conditions are different according to different service routes of the steel rail, and are specifically shown in table 1. An environment box is added on the basis of a stress experiment, namely a steel rail fatigue experiment, environmental factors such as salt spray, temperature and the like are introduced, and an accelerated corrosion-fatigue experiment platform with environment-fatigue load synergistic effect is realized.
TABLE 1 relationship of steel rail application line to each condition
(5) Evaluating and judging; taking out the sample from the fatigue testing machine, cleaning the sample by using ethanol, airing the sample, evaluating the sample, and judging whether the sample is suitable for being used in the corresponding environment; the deterioration level of the sample is evaluated by a graded evaluation method, and observation and evaluation are carried out according to defects such as cracks, pitting corrosion and thinning of the sample, wherein the method comprises the following steps: cutting a part of the sample subjected to accelerated fatigue in an environment box into a sample with the cross section size of 30mm, embedding and manufacturing the sample into a metallographic sample, and observing the polished sample under a metallographic microscope or a scanning electron microscope; the three types of defects, i.e., cracks, pitting and thinning, were evaluated separately in the manner shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 evaluation of three defects of crack, pitting and thinning
If the tested sample has one of the following rating results, the sample is judged to be not suitable for the corresponding service environment:
a. crack grade 5, specimen fracture;
b. crack 4 grade, pitting 3 grade occurring simultaneously;
c. 4 grades of cracks and 4 grades of thinning occur simultaneously;
experimental example 1. U71Mn and 60Kg/m steel rail are taken as examples. The sample processing is carried out according to the embodiment, the constant load tensile stress is loaded in the accelerated corrosion-fatigue test, the maximum stress value is 350MPa, the minimum stress value is 125MPa, the cycle number is 106 times, the loading frequency is 250 times/minute, the NaCl concentration in the salt spray is 2.2 percent, and the test temperature is 30 ℃. And (3) evaluating the deterioration of the sample after the test: crack grade 2, spot rust grade 2 and thinning amount grade 2.
Experimental example 2. U75V and 60Kg/m steel rail are taken as examples. The sample processing is carried out according to the embodiment, the constant load tensile stress is loaded in the accelerated corrosion-fatigue test, the maximum stress value is 300MPa, the minimum stress value is 125MPa, the cycle number is 106 times, the loading frequency is 250 times/minute, the NaCl concentration in the salt spray is 1.2 percent, and the test temperature is 25 ℃. And (3) evaluating the deterioration of the sample after the test: crack grade 1, spot rust grade 1 and thinning amount grade 2.
Experimental example 3. U71Mn and 60Kg/m steel rail are taken as examples. The sample is processed according to the embodiment, the constant load tensile stress is loaded in the accelerated corrosion-fatigue test, the maximum stress value is 420MPa, the minimum stress value is 180MPa, the cycle frequency is 106 times, the loading frequency is 250 times/minute, the NaCl concentration in the salt spray is 2.4 percent, and the test temperature is 25 ℃. And (3) evaluating the deterioration of the sample after the test: crack grade 2, spot rust grade 2 and thinning amount grade 2.
The raw materials listed in the invention, the upper and lower limits and interval values of the raw materials of the invention, and the upper and lower limits and interval values of the process parameters (such as temperature, time and the like) can all realize the invention, and the examples are not listed.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (5)
1. A method for testing accelerated fatigue deterioration of steel rails is characterized by comprising the following steps,
(1) sampling; sampling a steel rail fatigue test sample from the joint of the steel rail web and the rail bottom in a direction parallel to the length direction of the steel rail;
(2) processing; after sampling of the sample, processing according to the size; grinding and polishing the surface of the processed sample; removing oil from the sample by using acetone, and then cleaning by using an ethanol solution;
(3) performing an environment box experiment; inserting a sample into an environment box, bonding the sample and the environment box opening by using acid-alkali-resistant silica gel, forming salt mist by using a salt mist generator, introducing the salt mist into the environment box, and controlling the temperature of a heating device in the environment box to be 10-40 ℃;
(4) performing stress experiment; loading the sample on a fatigue testing machine, fixing an environment box, keeping the salt spray atmosphere and the temperature constant for 320 minutes, and then starting to load the cyclic constant load tensile stress;
(5) evaluating and judging; and taking the sample out of the fatigue testing machine, cleaning the sample by using ethanol, airing the sample, evaluating the sample, and judging whether the sample is suitable for the corresponding environment.
2. The method for testing accelerated fatigue degradation of a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the processing size is that the height of the clamping ends at the two ends of the sample is 20mm, the width is 20mm, the length is 45mm, and four edges in the length direction are subjected to arc chamfering treatment, wherein the diameter of an arc is 26 mm; the middle parallel part is 13.5mm in height, 13.5mm in width and 60mm in length, and four edges in the length direction are subjected to arc chamfering treatment, wherein the diameter of an arc is 20 mm; the diameter of a transition arc between the clamping end and the parallel part is 60mm, and the length is 15 mm.
3. The method for testing accelerated fatigue degradation of a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) grinding and polishing by using 600# abrasive paper.
4. The method for testing accelerated fatigue degradation of a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the acid and alkali resistant silica gel is 704 silicone rubber.
5. The method for testing accelerated fatigue degradation of a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the environment medium in the environment box adopts NaCl solution with the mass fraction of 1.2-2.4%, and salt mist formed by the salt mist generator is introduced into the environment box.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201589746U (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2010-09-22 | 西安航空动力股份有限公司 | Salt mist environment device for fatigue performance test |
| CN104792638A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Device and method for testing metal corrosion fatigue crack extension |
| CN104931407A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-09-23 | 合肥通用机械研究院 | Multi-axis salt spray corrosion fatigue crack propagation test system |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201589746U (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2010-09-22 | 西安航空动力股份有限公司 | Salt mist environment device for fatigue performance test |
| CN104792638A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Device and method for testing metal corrosion fatigue crack extension |
| CN104931407A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-09-23 | 合肥通用机械研究院 | Multi-axis salt spray corrosion fatigue crack propagation test system |
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