CN112161806B - Fault monitoring method and fault monitoring device for fan - Google Patents
Fault monitoring method and fault monitoring device for fan Download PDFInfo
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- CN112161806B CN112161806B CN202010984129.6A CN202010984129A CN112161806B CN 112161806 B CN112161806 B CN 112161806B CN 202010984129 A CN202010984129 A CN 202010984129A CN 112161806 B CN112161806 B CN 112161806B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault monitoring method and a fault monitoring device for a fan. The fault monitoring method of the fan comprises the following steps: acquiring vibration information and temperature information of a bearing of a fan in an operating state; calculating a vibration amplitude value according to the vibration information, and calculating a temperature value according to the temperature information; comparing the magnitude relation between the vibration amplitude and the vibration threshold value, and comparing the magnitude relation between the temperature value and the temperature threshold value to obtain a comparison result; and determining the working state of the fan according to the comparison result. By monitoring vibration information and temperature information of the bearing during operation and using two characteristic quantities to detect and judge faults, the fault detection accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fault monitoring, in particular to a fault monitoring method and a fault monitoring device of a fan.
Background
With the development of science and technology, the fan has important application value in a plurality of fields, so that the monitoring and analysis of faults occurring in the fan are of great significance. According to the fan fault monitoring method in the related art, the amplitude of vibration is acquired through the eddy current sensor, and early warning is carried out when the amplitude of vibration exceeds a safety standard value, so that the false warning rate is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a fan fault monitoring method which can improve the accuracy of fault detection.
According to the fault monitoring method of the fan in the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the method comprises the following steps: acquiring vibration information and temperature information of a bearing of a fan in an operating state; calculating a vibration amplitude value according to the vibration information, and calculating a temperature value according to the temperature information; comparing the magnitude relation between the vibration amplitude and a vibration threshold value, and comparing the magnitude relation between the temperature value and a temperature threshold value to obtain a comparison result; and determining the working state of the fan according to the comparison result.
The fan fault monitoring method provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: by monitoring vibration information and temperature information of the bearing during operation and using two characteristic quantities to detect and judge faults, the fault detection accuracy is improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, said calculating a vibration amplitude from said vibration information comprises: acquiring a vibration signal oscillogram every preset time according to the vibration information; and calculating an average value of the amplitudes according to the acquired vibration signal oscillogram, and taking the average value of the amplitudes as a vibration amplitude.
According to some embodiments of the invention, said calculating a temperature value from said temperature information comprises: acquiring a temperature value table according to the temperature information every preset time; and calculating the average value of the temperature according to the acquired temperature numerical table, and taking the average value of the temperature as a temperature value.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the determining the working state of the fan according to the comparison result includes: and if the vibration amplitude is larger than the vibration threshold value and the temperature value is larger than the temperature threshold value, determining that the working state of the fan is a fault state.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the determining that the working state of the wind turbine is a fault state further includes: obtaining a vibration frequency domain signal by performing fast Fourier transform on the vibration oscillogram of the vibration information; and determining the fault type according to the vibration frequency domain signal.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the determining the fault type from the vibration frequency domain signal comprises: acquiring a peak signal corresponding to the vibration frequency domain signal; determining a frequency domain section where the peak signal is located and a frequency value corresponding to a peak of the peak signal; and determining the fault type according to the frequency domain section where the frequency value is located.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the determining the frequency domain section in which the peak signal is located comprises: and determining the frequency domain section according to the rotating speed of the fan in operation, the number of fan blades and the number of bearing rolling bodies.
According to the fault monitoring device provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the fault monitoring device is used for executing the fault monitoring method of the wind turbine provided by the embodiment of the first aspect.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fault monitoring device further comprises a vibration sensor, a temperature sensor, a high-frequency acquisition card, and an industrial control host; the vibration sensor is arranged at the bearing seat and used for collecting vibration information of a bearing of the fan in an operating state; the temperature sensor is arranged at the bearing seat and used for acquiring temperature information of a bearing of the fan in an operating state; the vibration sensor is connected with the high-frequency acquisition card, the temperature sensor is connected with the high-frequency acquisition card, and the high-frequency acquisition card is connected with the industrial control host; the high-frequency acquisition card is used for acquiring the vibration information and the temperature information, the industrial control host is used for operating an upper computer program, processing the vibration information and the temperature information, and transmitting a processed result to the cloud platform in a wireless transmission mode.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the vibration sensor includes a first acceleration sensor installed at a horizontal position of the bearing housing for detecting vibration information in a horizontal direction, and a second acceleration sensor installed at a vertical position of the bearing housing for detecting vibration information in a vertical direction.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of fault monitoring of a wind turbine according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of fault monitoring of a wind turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of processing vibration information according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the modules of the fault monitoring device of one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It is noted that while functional block divisions are provided in device diagrams and logical sequences are shown in flowcharts, in some cases, steps shown or described may be performed in sequences other than block divisions within devices or flowcharts. The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, and the drawings described above, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
In some embodiments, a bearing is arranged on the connecting shaft between the fan and the motor, and the bearing mainly plays a role in fixing the connecting shaft, so that the connecting shaft can only rotate and the axial and radial movement of the connecting shaft is limited. When the fan has mechanical failure, the vibration amplitude and the frequency of the connecting shaft can be changed and can be transmitted to the bearing, and the heat generated by mechanical vibration friction on the bearing can be changed, so that the operation state of the bearing can reflect the working state of the fan on the whole.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for monitoring a fault of a wind turbine provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:
s100, acquiring vibration information and temperature information of a bearing of the fan in an operating state;
s200, calculating a vibration amplitude according to vibration information, and calculating a temperature value according to temperature information;
s300, comparing the magnitude relation between the vibration amplitude and the vibration threshold value, and comparing the magnitude relation between the temperature value and the temperature threshold value to obtain a comparison result;
and S400, determining the working state of the fan according to the comparison result.
In some embodiments, vibration information during operation is monitored by a vibration sensor disposed on the bearing, and temperature information during operation is monitored by a temperature sensor disposed on the bearing, the vibration information being amplitude information of amplitude variation with time, and the temperature information being temperature information of temperature variation with time. By monitoring vibration information and temperature information of the bearing during operation and using two characteristic quantities to detect and judge faults, the fault detection accuracy is improved.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, the calculation of the vibration amplitude from the vibration information in step S200 may be obtained by:
s211, acquiring a vibration signal oscillogram every preset time according to vibration information;
s212, calculates an average value of the amplitudes from the acquired waveform map of the vibration signal, and sets the average value of the amplitudes as a vibration amplitude.
In some embodiments, different sampling frequencies, total sampling time and sampling point numbers can be selected according to actual requirements. The sampling frequency is the number of signal samples collected per second, and when high-frequency signals need to be distinguished, the sampling frequency needs to be increased, and the highest analysis frequency is controlled.
According to the waveform diagram of the vibration signal obtained by sampling, all amplitude data in the waveform diagram of the vibration signal are added and divided by the number of the data to obtain an average value of the amplitudes, and the average value is recorded as a vibration amplitude, so that the vibration amplitude can reflect the amplitude in one minute time as a whole, and cannot be influenced by an abrupt amplitude signal, and the detection accuracy is improved.
In some embodiments, the calculation of the temperature value according to the temperature information in step S200 may be obtained by:
s221, acquiring a temperature value table according to temperature information every preset time length;
and S222, calculating the average value of the temperature according to the acquired temperature value table, and taking the average value of the temperature as a temperature value.
In some embodiments, the method for acquiring and processing the temperature value is the same as the method for acquiring and processing the vibration value in the above embodiments, and details are not repeated here. In other embodiments, the real-time data of the amplitude and the temperature can be collected, the real-time data and the corresponding threshold value are judged, and when the amplitude is detected to be larger than the threshold value or the temperature is detected to be larger than the threshold value, the operation of the fan is judged to be abnormal. In other embodiments, it may be set that the fan operation is determined to be abnormal only when the real-time amplitude and temperature data continuously exceed the corresponding threshold value for 3 times.
In some embodiments, the determining the working state of the wind turbine according to the comparison result in step S400 specifically includes:
s410, if the vibration amplitude is larger than the vibration threshold value and the temperature value is larger than the temperature threshold value, determining that the working state of the fan is a fault state.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the vibration amplitude and the temperature value are different according to the rotation speed of the fan, so that different rotation speeds of each gear correspond to different vibration thresholds and temperature thresholds. The threshold value is determined according to the ISO10816-3 standard under the condition that the fan normally operates. Under ideal conditions, the fan does not vibrate during normal operation, when the fan fails, such as impeller dust deposition, bearing abrasion, unbalance of a rotating shaft and other failures, a periodic vibration signal appears, the vibration amplitude is large, and due to vibration enhancement, heat generated by friction is increased, so that the temperature of the bearing is increased. Therefore, a vibration threshold value and a temperature threshold value are set, whether the vibration amplitude and the temperature value of the fan are larger than the corresponding threshold values or not is monitored, and whether the running state of the fan is normal or not can be judged. And when the vibration amplitude is greater than the vibration threshold value and the temperature value is greater than the temperature threshold value, the fan can be judged to be in a fault state, and false alarm caused by sudden change of the amplitude when the fan is started or stopped is prevented.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 3, the determining that the operating state of the wind turbine is the fault state in step S410 includes the following steps:
s421, obtaining a vibration frequency domain signal from the vibration oscillogram of the vibration information through fast Fourier transform;
and determining the fault type according to the vibration frequency domain signal.
After the working state of the fan is judged to be a fault state, the vibration oscillogram of the collected vibration information is converted into vibration frequency domain signals through a fast Fourier transform algorithm, and due to the fact that the fault types are different, the frequencies of periodic vibration signals generated by the periodic vibration signals are also different, and the different vibration signals generated by the different fault types can be distinguished by converting the periodic vibration signals into the frequency domain signals, so that the fault types are accurately positioned, and overhaul by maintainers is facilitated.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 3, step S422 determines the fault type according to the vibration frequency domain signal, specifically:
s422, acquiring a peak signal corresponding to the vibration frequency domain signal;
s423, determining a frequency domain segment where the peak signal is located and a frequency value corresponding to a peak of the peak signal;
and S424, determining the fault type according to the frequency domain section where the frequency value is located.
When a peak signal appears in the vibration frequency domain signal, namely, the periodic vibration signal under the frequency appears, the fault type can be determined by determining the frequency value corresponding to the peak of the peak signal and the frequency domain section where the frequency value is located. The number of peak signals can be not only one, but also a plurality of peak signals can be obtained after fast Fourier transform when a plurality of fault types simultaneously occur.
In some embodiments, determining the frequency domain segment in which the peak signal is located comprises: and determining a frequency domain section according to the rotating speed of the fan in operation, the number of fan blades and the number of bearing rolling bodies.
In the example, when the rotating speed of the fan is 12000rpm, the number of fan blades is 3, and the number of rolling elements of the bearing is 8, the power frequency vibration frequency of the fan is 200Hz, the passing frequency of the blades is 600Hz, and the passing frequency of the rolling elements of the bearing is 1600Hz. The plus and minus 10% of the reference frequency is taken as the frequency range of the frequency domain section, namely 180-220Hz,540-660Hz and 1440-1760Hz respectively.
When the peak value signal only appears at 180-220Hz, indicating that the fan rotating shaft has an unbalanced fault;
when the peak signal appears at 180-220Hz and 540-660Hz, the impeller of the fan is indicated to be in failure;
when the peak value signal appears at 180-220Hz and 1440-1760Hz, the bearing of the fan is indicated to be in failure;
when the peak signals appear at 180-220Hz,540-660Hz and 1440-1760Hz, the failure of the impeller and the bearing of the fan is indicated.
By analyzing the frequency domain section where the peak signal is located, the fault type of the fan can be determined clearly and conveniently, and a maintainer can determine the fault position quickly. Through the monitoring to vibration information and temperature information, can in time discover whether the fan breaks down, prevent that the fan from taking place the accident in the operation process.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a fault monitoring apparatus is further provided, and the fault monitoring apparatus includes the fault monitoring method of the wind turbine in the above embodiments.
In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 4, the fault monitoring device further comprises a vibration sensor 510, a temperature sensor 520, a high frequency acquisition card 530, and an industrial control host 540.
The vibration sensor 510 is installed at the bearing seat, and the vibration sensor 510 is used for collecting vibration information of a bearing of the fan in a running state; the temperature sensor 520 is arranged at the bearing seat, and the temperature sensor 520 is used for collecting the temperature information of the bearing of the fan in the running state; the vibration sensor 510 is connected with the high-frequency acquisition card 530, the temperature sensor 520 is connected with the high-frequency acquisition card 530, and the high-frequency acquisition card 530 is connected with the industrial control host 540; the high-frequency acquisition card 530 is used for acquiring vibration information and temperature information, the industrial control host 540 runs an upper computer program, processes the vibration information and the temperature information, and sends a processed result to the cloud platform in a wireless transmission mode.
In some embodiments, the vibration sensor 510 includes a first acceleration sensor installed at a horizontal position of the bearing housing for detecting vibration information in a horizontal direction, and a second acceleration sensor installed at a vertical position of the bearing housing for detecting vibration information in a vertical direction. Because the bearing is generally installed horizontally, the vibration amplitudes at different positions are different, and therefore, an acceleration sensor is respectively installed at the horizontal position and the vertical position of the bearing and used for detecting the vibration information at different positions. The vibration information detected at two positions can be respectively processed and judged, and the fan is judged to be in abnormal operation when the two positions exceed the threshold range. The acquired data can be processed after the average value operation, so that the accuracy of judging the running state can be improved.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, wherein the units illustrated as separate components may or may not be physically separate, i.e. may be located in one place, or may also be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps, systems, and methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The fault monitoring method of the fan is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring vibration information and temperature information of a bearing of a fan in an operating state;
calculating a vibration amplitude value according to the vibration information, and calculating a temperature value according to the temperature information;
comparing the magnitude relation between the vibration amplitude and a vibration threshold value, and comparing the magnitude relation between the temperature value and a temperature threshold value to obtain a comparison result;
if the vibration amplitude is larger than the vibration threshold value and the temperature value is larger than the temperature threshold value, determining that the working state of the fan is a fault state;
obtaining a vibration frequency domain signal by performing fast Fourier transform on the vibration oscillogram of the vibration information;
acquiring a peak signal corresponding to the vibration frequency domain signal;
determining a frequency domain section where the peak signal is located and a frequency value corresponding to a peak of the peak signal; the frequency domain section is determined according to the rotating speed of the fan in operation, the number of fan blades and the number of bearing rolling bodies;
determining the fault type according to the frequency domain section where the frequency value is located;
wherein, the calculating the vibration amplitude according to the vibration information comprises:
acquiring a vibration signal oscillogram at intervals of preset time according to the vibration information;
and adding all amplitude data in the vibration signal oscillogram, dividing the amplitude data by the number of data to obtain an average value of the amplitudes, and taking the average value of the amplitudes as the vibration amplitude.
2. The method for monitoring the fan failure according to claim 1, wherein the calculating a temperature value according to the temperature information comprises:
acquiring a temperature value table according to the temperature information every preset time;
and calculating the average value of the temperature according to the acquired temperature numerical table, and taking the average value of the temperature as a temperature value.
3. A fault monitoring device, characterized in that the fault monitoring device is adapted to perform a method of fault monitoring of a wind turbine according to any of claims 1-2.
4. The fault monitoring device of claim 3, further comprising a vibration sensor, a temperature sensor, a high frequency acquisition card, and an industrial host;
the vibration sensor is arranged at the bearing seat and used for acquiring vibration information of a bearing of the fan in an operating state;
the temperature sensor is arranged at the bearing seat and used for acquiring temperature information of a bearing of the fan in an operating state;
the vibration sensor is connected with the high-frequency acquisition card, the temperature sensor is connected with the high-frequency acquisition card, and the high-frequency acquisition card is connected with the industrial control host;
the high-frequency acquisition card is used for acquiring the vibration information and the temperature information, the industrial control host is used for operating an upper computer program, processing the vibration information and the temperature information, and transmitting a processed result to the cloud platform in a wireless transmission mode.
5. The fault monitoring device according to claim 4, wherein the vibration sensor comprises a first acceleration sensor and a second acceleration sensor, the first acceleration sensor is installed at a horizontal position of the bearing seat and used for detecting vibration information in a horizontal direction, and the second acceleration sensor is installed at a vertical position of the bearing seat and used for detecting vibration information in a vertical direction.
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| CN112946471A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-11 | 郑州恩普特科技股份有限公司 | Variable frequency motor fault monitoring system |
| CN113092152B (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-08-30 | 北京英华达电力电子工程科技有限公司 | Composite monitoring device and method for vibration temperature of mobile equipment |
| CN113295418B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-03-22 | 株洲科盟车辆配件有限责任公司 | Intelligent vibration monitoring system for railway wagon bearing |
| CN113586505B (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2024-02-13 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | Shutdown control method and device applied to blast furnace blower |
| CN113916366B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2024-04-19 | 山东鑫海矿业技术装备股份有限公司 | Method and equipment for monitoring operation of impeller of vortex breaker based on vibration signal |
| CN117828518B (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-05-14 | 天津万事达物流装备有限公司 | Four-way vehicle intelligent control management system for logistics warehouse |
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| CN103439109B (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2016-09-07 | 华北电力大学（保定） | A kind of method of wind power generating set driving unit fault early warning |
| US10684193B2 (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2020-06-16 | Pioneer Engineering Company | Strain based systems and methods for performance measurement and/or malfunction detection of rotating machinery |
| CN109443769B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-02-05 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Motor bearing state detection method, system and device and readable storage medium |
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