CN103439109B - A kind of method of wind power generating set driving unit fault early warning - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to technical field of wind power generation, a kind of method particularly relating to wind power generating set driving unit fault early warning.The method utilizes the temperature signal of wind power generating set transmission system key position and accekeration to be monitored the transmission system of wind power generating set.The method is first to gather actual temperature value T (t) of each measuring point of transmission system, vibration acceleration value a (t) of transmission system, then calculates the kurtosis desired value of vibration of wind generating set accelerationAnd temperature averagesBy obtained parameter compared with threshold values set in advance; report to the police after exceeding threshold values; then by the comparison of temperature and kurtosis desired value and threshold values being determined the health status of wind power generating set transmission system; the method can improve the accuracy rate of fault pre-alarming; stoppage protection and fault pre-alarming to blower fan can play good facilitation effect, it is possible to reduce the downtime caused due to failure judgement.

Description

A kind of method of wind power generating set driving unit fault early warning

Technical field

A kind of method that the invention particularly relates to wind power generating set driving unit fault early warning, relates to wind-force and sends out Electro-technical field.

Background technology

The energy is the important substance basis that human society is depended on for existence and development progressive.Complete due to fossil energy Face is nervous, and environmental pollution increasingly sharpens, and the challenge that All Countries all suffers from is how not weaken economy It is transitioned into safer a, energy system for low-carbon (LC) with taking action on the premise of social development.The most right The development and utilization of regenerative resource, one of energy development strategy having become as countries in the world.Wind energy is can Clean energy resource with fastest developing speed in the renewable sources of energy, wind-power electricity generation is also most to have large-scale development and commercialization is sent out The generation mode of exhibition prospect, therefore the development and utilization of wind energy occupies in the overall energy strategy that country is following Critical role.

Wind power generating set running environment is severe, and fault rate is high, and wind-electricity integration outstanding problem, therefore exists In the limited operation time, it is possible to ensure that it is the most necessary for effectively exerting oneself, early warning promptly and accurately and fault Judgement can shorten downtime, and therefore fault pre-alarming just seems particularly significant.

Existing wind field is all carried out the every half a year of plan repair once and safeguards, and fault diagnosis instantly Mode depends primarily on data acquisition and the supervisor control (Supervisory of the main Control Room of wind energy turbine set Control And Data Acquisition, SCADA) system, wind field is become ten, the operation of up to a hundred units Carry out collecting medium-long range monitoring, to unit part operational factor (such as temperature, wind speed, power output, single-point or double Point vibration etc.) carry out the collection storage at long period interval, these information can be made full use of, by temperature, The Parameters variation such as current signal realize the fault pre-alarming of this Mechatronic Systems of wind energy conversion system, and the operation to complete machine can It being estimated by property. the assessment of these integrated informations generally requires the experience of wind field staff, therefore at blower fan Fault pre-alarming aspect lack of wisdom and accuracy.

The fortune of wind power generating set is monitored at present by the temperature of monitoring wind power generating set transmission system part The method of row situation is widely adopted, but in the actual application of wind field, and bibliography: Guo Peng, David Infield, Yang Xiyun. " wind-driven generator group wheel box temperature trend status monitoring and the method for analysis " [J]. China's electricity Machine engineering journal .2011 (31): shown in 129-136, the too high early warning of temperature is likely to be unit when continuously running Between long and cause, it is not necessary to be to produce due to the generation of fault.Therefore the technical staff of wind field can not Enough judgements doing generation of being out of order in time.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to current wind power generating set fault alarm not accurate enough, to wind power generating set power train System is tested, it is proposed that a kind of method of wind power generating set driving unit fault early warning.

A kind of method of wind power generating set driving unit fault early warning, the method comprises the following steps:

Step 1: use acceleration transducer, to main shaft bearing, gearbox input shaft bearing, gearbox planetary Gear side, gearbox intermediate shaft side, high speed shaft of gearbox side, gearbox high-speed axle bearing, generator front axle Hold and measure with vertical vibration with this level at eight of generator rear bearing, obtain level and vertical vibration Acceleration signal a (t);

Use temperature sensor, to main shaft bearing, gearbox input shaft bearing, gearbox output shaft bearing, Gear-box fluid, generator fore bearing, generator rear bearing this at six the temperature signal of measuring point measure, To temperature signal T (t)；

Step 2: acceleration signal a (t) of the level collected with vertical vibration is carried out the most successively The magnitude extraction of acceleration, extracts 10 times altogether, extracts N number of point every time, is designated as: A={a₁,a₂……a_N}； Wherein, N is setting value, and N >=4096；The high and steep of each acceleration signal is calculated respectively according to formula (1) Degree desired value K, and by formula (2), kurtosis desired value K of 10 times is averaged

$K=\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\left(\frac{a_i-\stackrel{\‾}{a}}{\mathrm{\σ}}\right)}^4---\left(1\right)$

Wherein, $\stackrel{\‾}{a}=\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{a}_i,{\mathrm{\σ}}^2=\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{(a_i-\stackrel{\‾}{a})}^2,i=\mathrm{1,2,3},......,N;$

Wherein, a_iFor the amplitude of i-th acceleration,For the average of the amplitude of acceleration, σ is acceleration The standard deviation of value；

$\stackrel{\‾}{K}=\frac{K_1+K_2......K_{10}}{10}---\left(2\right)$

Step 3: carry out temperature data value extraction the most successively to collecting temperature signal T (t), one M temperature value of secondary extraction, is designated as T={T₁,T₂,T₃,......,T_M}；Wherein, M is setting value, M >=60；According to Formula (3) calculates the mean value of M temperature value

$\stackrel{\‾}{T}=\frac{1}{M}\underset{j=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{T}_j---\left(3\right)$

Wherein, j=1,2,3 ..., M;T_jFor jth temperature value；

Step 4: temperature value when operating according to part in system limits really with the oil temperature of this lubricating oil used Fixed temperature early warning threshold values T_f；According to the principle that kurtosis index more major break down is the most serious, set three kurtosis indexs Early warning threshold values, respectively K_f1、K_f2And K_f3；

Step 5: according to temperature pre-warning threshold values T_fWith three kurtosis forewarning index threshold values K_f1、K_f2And K_f3, press The health status of wind power generating set is divided into eight by the transmission system Health Category division principle of wind power generating set Individual grade；

Step 6: the mean value of kurtosis desired value will be calculatedMean value with temperature valueFirst distinguish Compare with corresponding early warning threshold values, if there is exceeding early warning threshold values, then this system alarm；Finally Transmission system Health Category division principle according to wind power generating set, it is judged that this wind power generating set power train The residing Health Category of system, reaches the early warning to wind power generating set driving unit fault.

The transmission system Health Category division principle of described wind power generating set is as follows:

As temperature t < T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in threshold values interval [0, K_f1] time, it is defined as wind-driven generator " grade 1 " of the transmission system Health Category of group, the wind power generating set transmission system being in this grade runs shape State is normal, and does not has fault to produce；

As temperature t < T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in the interval (K of threshold values_f1, K_f2] time, define wind-power electricity generation The transmission system Health Category of unit is " grade 2 ", and the wind power generating set transmission system being in this grade is run Abnormal state, and have minor failure to occur；

As temperature t < T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in the interval (K of threshold values_f2, K_f3] time, define wind-driven generator The transmission system Health Category of group is " grade 3 ", and the wind power generating set transmission system being in this grade runs shape State is abnormal, and has moderate fault to produce；

As temperature t < T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in the interval (K of threshold values_f3,+∞] time, define wind-power electricity generation The transmission system Health Category of unit is " class 4 ", and the wind power generating set transmission system being in this grade is run Abnormal state, and have catastrophe failure；

When temperature t > T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in threshold values interval [0, K_f1] time, define wind power generating set Transmission system Health Category be " class 5 ", be in the wind power generating set transmission system running status of this grade Abnormal, but do not have fault to produce；

When temperature t > T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in the interval (K of threshold values_f1, K_f2] time, define wind-driven generator The transmission system Health Category of group is " class 6 ", and the wind power generating set transmission system being in this grade runs shape State is abnormal, and has minor failure to produce；

When temperature t > T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in the interval (K of threshold values_f2, K_f3] time, define wind-driven generator The transmission system Health Category of group is " grade 7 ", and the wind power generating set transmission system being in this grade runs shape State is abnormal, and has moderate fault；

When temperature t > T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in the interval (K of threshold values_f3,+∞] time, define wind-power electricity generation The transmission system Health Category of unit is " grade 8 ", is in the wind power generating set transmission system fortune of this grade Row abnormal state, and have catastrophe failure to produce.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1, invention increases the monitoring parameter to wind power generating set transmission system, And according to the early warning threshold values of monitoring parameter, wind power generating set transmission system health status is carried out classification；2, logical Cross the method and can improve the accuracy rate of fault pre-alarming, stoppage protection and the fault pre-alarming to wind power generating set Good facilitation effect can be played, it is possible to reduce the downtime caused due to failure judgement；3, this Bright the transmission system Health Category of wind power generating set is divided into 8 grades, out of order serious journey can be judged Degree, improves the accuracy of the health status of assessment wind power generating set, to wind power generating set power train integration Reason maintenance provides foundation；4, parameter selected by the present invention is easy to calculate, and is suitable for on-line monitoring.

Accompanying drawing explanation

The fault early warning method calculation flow chart of the wind power generating set that Fig. 1 provides for the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the vibration acceleration signal time domain beamformer to be measured of the specific embodiment of the invention, (a) and (b), C " a ", " b " and " c " number wind-driven generator group wheel box high speed shaft vibration acceleration that () figure respectively collects Signal a(t) " time domain beamformer "；

Fig. 3 is " temperature signal time " to be measured oscillogram of the specific embodiment of the invention, (a) and (b), (c) " a ", " b " and " c " number wind-driven generator group wheel box oil liquid temperature signal T(t of respectively collecting of figure) " warm Spend the time " figure.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention are described further:

The 1.5 megawatt wind driven generator group transmission systems producing certain blower fan manufacturer domestic carry out periodic monitoring, Measuring point requirement in acceleration transducer and the temperature sensor step 1 according to claim 1 is installed, early warning system Unite and gather the parameter that First air power generator transmission system is run, acceleration signal sample frequency every 30min For 32768Hz, the sampling time is 1min；Temperature sensor measurement speed is 850ms/ point, and the sampling time is 1min；Here three same wind field model of the same race wind power generating set transmission systems are tested, these three Wind power generating set is designated as " a ", " b " and " c " respectively.

In conjunction with Figure of description 1 flow chart, it is embodied as step as described below:

A kind of method of wind power generating set driving unit fault early warning, enters wind power generating set transmission system Row test, the method comprises the following steps:

Step 1: use acceleration transducer, to main shaft bearing, gearbox input shaft bearing, gearbox planetary Gear side, gearbox intermediate shaft side, high speed shaft of gearbox side, gearbox high-speed axle bearing, generator front axle Hold and measure with vertical vibration with this level at eight of generator rear bearing, obtain level and vertical vibration Acceleration signal a (t), Fig. 2 is that the vibration of the 3 groups of wind-driven generator group wheel box high speed shaft measuring points collected adds The time domain beamformer of speed a (t);

Use temperature sensor, to main shaft bearing, gearbox input shaft bearing, gearbox output shaft bearing, Gear-box fluid, generator fore bearing, generator rear bearing this at six the temperature signal of measuring point measure, To temperature signal T (t), Fig. 3 is temperature T(t of the 3 groups of wind-driven generator group wheel box fluid collected) " temperature-time " waveform；

Step 2: acceleration signal a (t) of the level collected in Fig. 2 with vertical vibration is depended on sequentially The magnitude extraction of secondary degree of being accelerated, extracts 10 times altogether, extracts N number of point every time, is designated as: A={a₁,a₂……a_N}；Wherein, N is setting value, and N >=4096；

Kurtosis desired value K of each acceleration signal is calculated respectively according to formula (1), and by formula (2) Kurtosis desired value K of 10 times is averaged:

$K=\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\left(\frac{a_i-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{a}}{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}\right)}^4---\left(1\right)$

Wherein, $\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{a}=\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{a}_i,{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^2=\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{(a_i-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{a})}^2,i=\mathrm{1,2,3},......,N;$

Wherein, a_iFor the amplitude of i-th acceleration,For the average of the amplitude of acceleration, σ is acceleration The standard deviation of value；

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{K}=\frac{K_1+K_2......K_{10}}{10}---\left(2\right)$

Calculate the acceleration letter of (a) and (b), (c) 3 groups of wind-driven generator group wheel box high speed shaft measuring points respectively Number kurtosis desired value, by kurtosis desired value K calculated and the mean value of kurtosis desired valueCount table 1；

Table 1 acceleration signal kurtosis desired value result of calculation

Step 3: carry out temperature data value the most successively carry collecting temperature signal T (t) in Fig. 3 Take, once extract M temperature value, be designated as T={T₁,T₂,T₃,......,T_M}；Wherein, M is setting value, M >=60； The mean value of M temperature value is calculated according to formula (3):

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{T}=\frac{1}{M}\underset{j=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{T}_j---\left(3\right)$

Wherein, j=1,2,3 ..., M;T_jFor jth temperature value；

Calculate (a) and (b), the mean value of (c) 3 groups of wind-driven generator group wheel box oil liquid temperatures respectively, will meter The mean value of the temperature value calculatedCount table 2；

The mean value calculation result of table 2 temperature signal

Step 4: the threshold temperature by this model wind power generating set in present example is set to: gear Case oil temperature 80 degree；Gearbox input shaft holds 85 degree；Gearbox output shaft holds 85 degree；Generator fore bearing 100 degree；Rear bearing 100 degree；Main shaft bearing 50 degree；The early warning threshold values of each measuring point of kurtosis index is phase With, and kurtosis forewarning index threshold values is divided into Three Estate, respectively K_f1=2.0、K_f2=2.5 and K_f3=3.0；

Step 5: according to temperature pre-warning threshold values T_fWith three kurtosis forewarning index threshold values K_f1、K_f2And K_f3, press The transmission system Health Category division principle of wind power generating set is by the healthy shape of wind power generating set transmission system State is divided into eight grades；

The transmission system Health Category division principle of described wind power generating set is as follows:

As temperature t < T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in threshold values interval [0, K_f1] time, it is defined as wind-driven generator " grade 1 " of the transmission system Health Category of group, the wind power generating set transmission system being in this grade runs shape State is normal, and does not has fault to produce；

As temperature t < T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in the interval (K of threshold values_f1, K_f2] time, define wind-power electricity generation The transmission system Health Category of unit is " grade 2 ", and the wind power generating set transmission system being in this grade is run Abnormal state, and have minor failure to occur；

As temperature t < T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in the interval (K of threshold values_f2, K_f3] time, define wind-driven generator The transmission system Health Category of group is " grade 3 ", and the wind power generating set transmission system being in this grade runs shape State is abnormal, and has moderate fault to produce；

As temperature t < T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in the interval (K of threshold values_f3,+∞] time, define wind-power electricity generation The transmission system Health Category of unit is " class 4 ", and the wind power generating set transmission system being in this grade is run Abnormal state, and have catastrophe failure；

When temperature t > T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in threshold values interval [0, K_f1] time, define wind power generating set Transmission system Health Category be " class 5 ", be in the wind power generating set transmission system running status of this grade Abnormal, but do not have fault to produce；

When temperature t > T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in the interval (K of threshold values_f1, K_f2] time, define wind-driven generator The transmission system Health Category of group is " class 6 ", and the wind power generating set transmission system being in this grade runs shape State is abnormal, and has minor failure to produce；

When temperature t > T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in the interval (K of threshold values_f2, K_f3] time, define wind-driven generator The transmission system Health Category of group is " grade 7 ", and the wind power generating set transmission system being in this grade runs shape State is abnormal, and has moderate fault；

When temperature t > T_f, and kurtosis desired valueIt is in the interval (K of threshold values_f3,+∞] time, define wind-power electricity generation The transmission system Health Category of unit is " grade 8 ", is in the wind power generating set transmission system fortune of this grade Row abnormal state, and have catastrophe failure to produce.

Step 6: the mean value of kurtosis desired value will be calculatedMean value with temperature value, first distinguish Compare with corresponding early warning threshold values, if there is exceeding early warning threshold values, then this system alarm；Finally Transmission system Health Category division principle according to wind power generating set, it is judged that this wind power generating set power train The residing Health Category of system, reaches the early warning to wind power generating set driving unit fault.

A wind power generating set, being calculated the mean value of kurtosis desired value is 1.6507 and temperature value average Value is 75.6, and the two value compares with corresponding early warning threshold values respectively, finds the average of kurtosis desired value Value 1.672 is less than kurtosis desired value early warning valve, and the mean value 75.6 of temperature value is also low than temperature value early warning threshold values, Do not send warning.Transmission system Health Category division principle according to wind power generating set, it is judged that this wind-force is sent out The residing Health Category of group of motors transmission system is " grade 1 ", is in the wind power generating set transmission of this grade System running state is normal, and does not has fault to produce.

B wind power generating set, being calculated the mean value of kurtosis desired value is 2.9919 and temperature value average Value is 83.8, and the two value compares with corresponding early warning threshold values respectively, finds the average of kurtosis desired value Value 2.9919 is bigger than kurtosis desired value early warning valve, and the mean value 83.8 of temperature value is higher than temperature value early warning threshold values, Send warning.Transmission system Health Category division principle according to wind power generating set, it is judged that this wind-power electricity generation The residing Health Category of set drive system is " grade 7 ", is in the wind power generating set power train of this grade System running status is abnormal, and has moderate fault；

C wind power generating set, wind power generating set, the mean value being calculated kurtosis desired value is 3.1746 Being 76.4 with the mean value of temperature value, the two value compares with corresponding early warning threshold values respectively, finds high and steep The mean value 3.1746 of degree desired value is bigger than kurtosis desired value early warning valve, and the mean value 76.4 of temperature value compares temperature Value early warning threshold values is low, sends warning.Transmission system Health Category division principle according to wind power generating set, Judge that the residing Health Category of this wind power generating set transmission system, as " class 4 ", is in the wind-force of this grade Generating set transmission system running status is abnormal, and has catastrophe failure；

By above it can be seen that by the method for early warning of two kinds of parameter monitorings to temperature t and kurtosis value K, energy Carry out early warning to the fault occurred and temperature are too high the most timely, improve the accuracy rate of breakdown judge, and to wind Power generator group transmission system health status carries out classification, provides reference proposition to next step repair and maintenance.

Claims (1)

1. a method for wind power generating set driving unit fault early warning, to wind power generating set transmission system Test, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

Step 1: use acceleration transducer, to main shaft bearing, gearbox input shaft bearing, gearbox planetary Gear side, gearbox intermediate shaft side, high speed shaft of gearbox side, gearbox high-speed axle bearing, generator front axle Hold and measure with vertical vibration with this level at eight of generator rear bearing, obtain level and vertical vibration Acceleration signal a (t)；

Use temperature sensor, to main shaft bearing, gearbox input shaft bearing, gearbox output shaft bearing, Gear-box fluid, generator fore bearing, generator rear bearing this at six the temperature signal of measuring point measure, To temperature signal T (t)；

The parameter that First air power generator transmission system is run, acceleration signal sampling frequency is gathered every 30min Rate is 32768Hz, and the sampling time is 1min；Temperature sensor measurement speed is 850ms/ point, the sampling time For 1min；

Step 2: acceleration signal a (t) of the level collected with vertical vibration is carried out the most successively The magnitude extraction of acceleration, extracts 10 times altogether, extracts N number of point every time, is designated as: A={a₁,a₂……a_N}； Wherein, N is setting value, and N >=4096；The high and steep of each acceleration signal is calculated respectively according to formula (1) Degree desired value K, and by formula (2), kurtosis desired value K of 10 times is averaged

$K=\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\&Sigma;}}{\left(\frac{a_i-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{a}}{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}\right)}^4---\left(1\right)$

Wherein,

Wherein, a_iFor the amplitude of i-th acceleration,For the average of the amplitude of acceleration, σ is acceleration The standard deviation of value；

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{K}=\frac{K_1+K_2......K_{10}}{10}---\left(2\right)$

Step 3: carry out temperature data value extraction the most successively to collecting temperature signal T (t), one M temperature value of secondary extraction, is designated as T={T₁,T₂,T₃,......,T_M}；Wherein, M is setting value, and M >=60；Root The mean value of M temperature value is calculated according to formula (3)

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{T}=\frac{1}{M}\underset{j=1}{\overset{M}{\&Sigma;}}{T}_j---\left(3\right)$

Wherein, j=1,2,3 ..., M；T_jFor jth temperature value；

Step 4: temperature value when running well according to part in system limits with the oil temperature of the lubricating oil used Determine temperature pre-warning threshold values T_f；According to the principle that kurtosis index more major break down is the most serious, set three kurtosis and refer to Mark early warning threshold values, respectively K_f1、K_f2And K_f3；The threshold temperature of wind power generating set is set to: gear Case oil temperature 80 degree；Gearbox input shaft holds 85 degree；Gearbox output shaft holds 85 degree；Generator fore bearing 100 degree；Rear bearing 100 degree；Main shaft bearing 50 degree；The early warning threshold values of each measuring point of kurtosis index is phase With, and kurtosis forewarning index threshold values is divided into Three Estate, respectively K_f1=2.0, K_f2=2.5 and K_f3=3.0；

Step 5: according to temperature pre-warning threshold values T_fWith three kurtosis forewarning index threshold values K_f1、K_f2And K_f3, press The health status of wind power generating set is divided into eight by the transmission system Health Category division principle of wind power generating set Individual grade；

Step 6: the mean value of kurtosis desired value will be calculatedMean value with temperature valueFirst distinguish Compare with corresponding early warning threshold values, if there is exceeding early warning threshold values, then this system alarm；Finally Transmission system Health Category division principle according to wind power generating set, it is judged that this wind power generating set power train The residing Health Category of system, reaches the early warning to wind power generating set driving unit fault.