CN112159311A - Extraction and purification method of cannabidiol - Google Patents
Extraction and purification method of cannabidiol Download PDFInfo
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- C07C37/82—Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of purification, in particular to a method for extracting and purifying cannabidiol. The extraction and purification method comprises the following steps: crushing and drying industrial hemp leaves to obtain a dry material; extracting the dried material in ethanol or ethanol water solution, removing solvent from the obtained extract, and oven drying to obtain extract; washing the extract with acetic acid solution or sodium carbonate solution, and drying the precipitate to obtain dry extract; dissolving the dried extract with ethanol or acetonitrile, adding PSA, activated carbon, C18, and magnesium sulfate, shaking, centrifuging, removing solvent, and oven drying. The extraction and purification method provided by the invention is simple to operate, the CBD content can reach 40% -58%, a plurality of prototype experiments can be carried out, the original substances in a plurality of industrial cannabis sativa are reserved in the extraction process, and convenience is brought to analysis of other functional components in the industrial cannabis sativa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of purification, in particular to a method for extracting and purifying cannabidiol.
Background
Industrial hemp (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a plant of the cannabinaceae, cannabis genus, and is widely distributed around the world. Cannabis sativa contains Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a hallucinogenic secondary metabolite, and is one of the well-known drug-source plants. For convenience of supervision and reasonable use, the varieties of cannabis with THC content of less than 0.3% in cannabis are internationally defined as industrial cannabis which does not have drug utilization value. The industrial hemp plants are tall and big, the branches are few, the fiber content is high, and the economic value of the industrial hemp plants relates to a plurality of aspects such as papermaking, spinning, building materials, food, medicine and the like.
More than 500 species have been isolated from cannabis plants, of which there are at least 86. The cannabinol compounds are a special substance in cannabis plants, are main active ingredients in the cannabis plants, and researches on the cannabinol compounds are hot spots of cannabis researches. The main cannabinol compounds in the hemp plant include Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabinol (CBN), Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), etc., wherein the former three compounds account for more than 90% of the cannabinol compounds.
Wherein cannabidiol (cannabidiol) has no neurotoxicity and significant medicinal value. Related pharmacological research shows that the tetrahydrocannabinol can block the influence of the tetrahydrocannabinol on the human nervous system, has pharmacological activities of resisting spasm, rheumatic arthritis, anxiety and the like, and has great industrial development value.
However, because the cannabinol components in the original plants are complex and have more similar polar components, the cannabidiol in the final product is not high in purity after the cannabidiol is extracted and refined by the traditional method. Furthermore, the solubility of cannabidiol in other organic solvents is higher than that in ethanol, so in order to increase the yield of cannabidiol, toxic organic solvents such as petroleum ether, n-hexane, dichloromethane and the like are generally adopted in the process steps of extraction, purification and the like in the industry. However, the use of such organic solvents is harmful to the environment, and the solvent residue in the final product cannot be removed, which also has an effect on the safety of the product.
For example, the invention of the publication No. CN109988060A discloses a method for extracting cannabidiol. It includes: adding 5 times of water into the crushed hemp leaves, heating for 2 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and cooling to 30-40 ℃; then adding enzyme solution according to the proportion of 1 ml per gram of cannabis sativa leaves for hydrolysis for 1 hour; filtering, washing filter cakes with water, taking washing water as water for next batch of leaching, and adding an extracting agent into filtrate in the hydrolysate obtained by treatment; separating the treated supernatant, and concentrating to recover the solvent; adding methanol into the oily substance obtained after treatment, and then treating for 1 hour at-40 ℃; centrifuging the treated liquid at-6 deg.C to obtain supernatant; adding a sufficient amount of activated carbon into the treated supernatant, and then filtering to obtain a filtrate; and (3) carrying out rotary evaporation on the filtrate obtained by treatment to obtain the extract rich in cannabidiol, wherein the content of the cannabidiol is 29.5-32.7%. Also disclosed is a method for extracting cannabidiol concentrate from industrial cannabis sativa, as disclosed in publication No. CN109646992A, comprising the steps of: alkali liquor extraction, acid precipitation and organic solvent extraction, the content of cannabidiol in the cannabidiol enriched material extracted by the method is 41.3-43.2%. Further research is still needed on how to obtain cannabidiol with higher purity by a simple extraction method.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for extracting and purifying cannabidiol. The extraction and purification method can obtain high content of cannabidiol, and has simple operation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for extracting and purifying cannabidiol, which comprises the following steps:
crushing and drying industrial hemp leaves to obtain a dry material;
extracting the dried material in ethanol or ethanol water solution, removing solvent from the obtained extract, and oven drying to obtain extract;
washing the extract with acetic acid solution or sodium carbonate solution, and drying the precipitate to obtain dry extract;
dissolving the dried extract with ethanol or acetonitrile, adding PSA (N-propylethylenediamine), activated carbon, C18 (octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica), and magnesium sulfate, shaking, centrifuging, removing solvent, and oven drying.
Preferably, the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is not less than 90% by volume.
Preferably, the extraction temperature is 20-60 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the extraction is 50-60 ℃.
More preferably, the temperature of extraction is 60 ℃.
Preferably, the ratio of extracted materials to liquid in g/mL is 1: (5-50).
Preferably, the ratio of extracted materials to liquid in g/mL is 1: (5-10).
More preferably, the ratio of extracted feed to liquid in g/mL is 1: 5.
preferably, the number of times of extraction is 2 to 3.
Preferably, the number of extractions is 2.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 90-120 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the drying is 105 ℃.
Preferably, the volume percentage concentration of the acetic acid solution is 3-8%.
Preferably, the acetic acid solution is 5% by volume.
Preferably, the mass percentage concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 5-15%.
Preferably, the mass percentage concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 10-15%.
More preferably, the sodium carbonate solution has a concentration of 15% by mass.
Preferably, the feed-liquid ratio of washing is 1: (8-12), the number of washing times is 4-6.
Preferably, the ratio of the washing materials to the washing liquids is 1:10, the number of washes was 5.
Preferably, the ratio of dissolved materials to liquid in g/mL is 1: (8-12), the number of times of dissolution is 4-6.
Preferably, the dissolved feed-liquid ratio is 1:10, the number of times of dissolution was 5.
Preferably, in the dissolving step, the dosage of PSA in 1L of the solution is 4-12 g, the dosage of activated carbon is 4-12 g, the dosage of C18 is 4-12 g, and the dosage of magnesium sulfate is 10-30 g.
Preferably, in the dissolving step, the amount of PSA in 1L of solution is 8g, the amount of activated carbon is 8g, the amount of C18 is 8g, and the amount of magnesium sulfate is 20 g.
Preferably, the shaking time is 10-30 min.
Preferably, the time of shaking is 15 min.
The invention provides a method for extracting and purifying cannabidiol. The extraction and purification method comprises the following steps: crushing and drying industrial hemp leaves to obtain a dry material; extracting the dried material in ethanol or ethanol water solution, removing solvent from the obtained extract, and oven drying to obtain extract; washing the extract with acetic acid solution or sodium carbonate solution, and drying the precipitate to obtain dry extract; dissolving the dried extract with ethanol or acetonitrile, adding PSA, activated carbon, C18, and magnesium sulfate, shaking, centrifuging, removing solvent, and oven drying. The invention has the technical effects that:
the extraction and purification method provided by the invention is simple to operate, the CBD content can reach 40% -58%, a plurality of prototype experiments can be carried out, the original substances in a plurality of industrial cannabis sativa are reserved in the extraction process, and convenience is brought to analysis of other functional components in the industrial cannabis sativa.
The organic solvent except acetonitrile used in the extraction process is green and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a liquid chromatogram of an acetonitrile solution in example 2;
FIG. 2 is a liquid chromatogram of the CBD purified in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a method for extracting and purifying cannabidiol, which can be realized by appropriately improving process parameters by referring to the content in the text by the technical personnel in the field. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The invention provides a method for extracting and purifying cannabidiol, which comprises the following steps:
crushing industrial hemp leaves, drying, weighing, extracting in 90-100% ethanol at 20-60 ℃ in a material-liquid ratio of 1:10-50, collecting the extract after one extraction, adding a new batch of solvent into the residue, repeatedly extracting once, and combining the extract.
Removing solvent from the extractive solution under reduced pressure, oven drying at 90-120 deg.C, and removing residual solvent. The content of cannabidiol in the extract is about 5% -15%.
Washing the dried extract by using a 5% acetic acid solution or a 5% -15% sodium carbonate solution at a material-liquid ratio of 1:10 for five times, collecting the precipitate, placing the precipitate in an oven at 90-120 ℃, drying and removing the residual solvent. The cannabidiol content in the dried extract is about 10-20%.
Dissolving the dried extract by using an organic solvent ethanol or acetonitrile at a material-liquid ratio of 1:10 for five times, and collecting and combining the solution for five times.
Adding a certain amount of PSA, activated carbon, C18 and magnesium sulfate into the solution, shaking for 10-30 minutes, centrifuging, removing the solvent under reduced pressure, and placing in an oven at 90-120 ℃ for drying and removing the residual solvent. The cannabidiol content in the dried extract is about 40-58%. The purity of the peak area can reach 62 percent.
The reagents or instruments used in the method for extracting and purifying cannabidiol provided by the invention can be purchased from the market.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
Crushing industrial hemp leaf materials to 40 meshes, drying, weighing 100 g, extracting in 100% ethanol at 60 ℃ in a material-liquid ratio of 1:5, collecting an extracting solution after one-time extraction, adding a new batch of solvent into slag materials in the same amount as the previous time, combining the extracting solutions after one-time repeated extraction, removing the solvent from the extracting solution under reduced pressure, and placing in an oven at 105 ℃ for drying and removing the residual solvent. The cannabidiol content of the extract was 10.1%.
And washing the dried extract by using a 5% sodium carbonate solution according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:10 for three times, collecting the precipitate, placing the precipitate in an oven at 105 ℃, drying and removing the residual solvent. The dried extract was dissolved in acetonitrile, an organic solvent, in a ratio of 1:10(g/mL), five times, and the solutions were collected and combined five times. The concentration of CBD in the acetonitrile solution is 1.476mg/mL, the area percentage of the liquid chromatogram peak is 54.8 percent, and the content of CBD is 20.78 percent.
According to the material-liquid ratio, a certain amount of PSA (8g/L), activated carbon (8g/L), C18(8g/L) and magnesium sulfate (20g/L) are added into the solution, the solution is shaken and shaken for 15 minutes, and after centrifugation, the CBD liquid chromatogram peak area of the purified solution accounts for 62.7 percent.
The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and placed in a 105 ℃ oven to dry and remove residual solvent. The CBD content of the dried extract is about 43.11%.
Example 2
Crushing industrial hemp leaf materials to 40 meshes, drying, weighing 100 g, extracting in 100% ethanol at 60 ℃ in a material-liquid ratio of 1:5, collecting an extracting solution after one-time extraction, adding a new batch of solvent into slag materials in the same amount as the previous time, combining the extracting solutions after one-time repeated extraction, removing the solvent from the extracting solution under reduced pressure, and placing in an oven at 105 ℃ for drying and removing the residual solvent. The cannabidiol content of the extract was 12.1% at this point.
And washing the dried extract by using 15% sodium carbonate solution according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:10 for five times, collecting the precipitate, placing the precipitate in an oven at 105 ℃, drying and removing residual solvent. The dried extract was dissolved in acetonitrile, an organic solvent, in a ratio of 1:10(g/mL), five times, and the solutions were collected and combined five times. The concentration of CBD in the acetonitrile solution is 3.408mg/mL, the area percentage of the liquid chromatogram peak is 56.8 percent, and the content of CBD is 23.34 percent. As shown in fig. 1, the CBD peak was obtained at a retention time of 3.353 minutes.
Adding a certain amount of PSA (8g/L), activated carbon (8g/L), C18(8g/L) and magnesium sulfate (20g/L) into the solution, shaking for 15 minutes, and centrifuging to obtain a purified solution with a CBD liquid chromatogram peak area ratio of 63.3%.
The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and placed in a 105 ℃ oven to dry and remove residual solvent. The CBD content of the dried extract is about 57.72 percent. As shown in fig. 2, the CBD peak was obtained at a retention time of 3.368 minutes.
Comparative example 1
Crushing industrial hemp leaf materials to 40 meshes, drying, weighing 50 g, extracting in 90% ethanol at 40 ℃ in a material-liquid ratio of 1:5, collecting an extracting solution after one-time extraction, adding a new batch of solvent into slag materials in the same amount as the previous time, combining the extracting solutions after one-time repeated extraction, removing the solvent from the extracting solution under reduced pressure, and placing in a 105 ℃ oven for drying and removing the residual solvent. The cannabidiol content of the extract was 8.5% at this point.
And washing the dried extract by using 25% acetic acid solution at a material-liquid ratio of 1:10 for five times, collecting the precipitate, placing the precipitate in an oven at 105 ℃, drying and removing residual solvent. Dissolving the dried extract with organic solvent ethanol at a ratio of 1:10(g/mL) for five times, and collecting and combining the solutions for five times. The CBD concentration in the ethanol solution is 2.16mg/mL, the area percentage of the liquid chromatogram peak is 51.7 percent, and the CBD content is 11.7 percent.
Adding a certain amount of PSA (8g/L) and magnesium sulfate (25g/L) into the solution according to the material-liquid ratio, shaking and shaking for 3 minutes, and centrifuging to obtain the purified solution with the CBD liquid chromatography peak area ratio of 61.9%. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and placed in a 105 ℃ oven to dry and remove residual solvent. The CBD content in the dried extract is about 27.3 percent.
Comparative example 2
Crushing industrial hemp leaf materials to 40 meshes, drying, weighing 200 g, extracting in 90% ethanol at the temperature of 70 ℃ at the material-liquid ratio of 1:5, collecting an extracting solution after one-time extraction, adding a new batch of solvent into slag materials in the same amount as the previous time, combining the extracting solutions after one-time repeated extraction, removing the solvent from the extracting solution under reduced pressure, and placing in an oven at 105 ℃ for drying and removing the residual solvent. The cannabidiol content of the extract was 7.2% at this time.
And washing the dried extract by adopting 50% acetic acid solution at a material-liquid ratio of 1:10 for five times, collecting the precipitate, placing the precipitate in an oven at 105 ℃, drying and removing residual solvent. Dissolving the dried extract with organic solvent ethanol at a ratio of 1:10(g/mL) for five times, and collecting and combining the solutions for five times. The CBD concentration in the ethanol solution is 1.96mg/mL, the ratio of the liquid chromatogram peak area is 48.7%, and the CBD content is 10.3%.
Adding a certain amount of PSA (8g/L) and magnesium sulfate (25g/L) into the solution according to the material-liquid ratio, shaking and shaking for 3 minutes, and centrifuging to obtain a purified solution with the CBD liquid chromatography peak area ratio of 58.2%. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and placed in a 105 ℃ oven to dry and remove residual solvent. The CBD content in the dried extract is about 25.5 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The extraction and purification method of cannabidiol is characterized by comprising the following steps:
crushing and drying industrial hemp leaves to obtain a dry material;
extracting the dried material in ethanol or ethanol water solution, removing solvent from the obtained extract, and oven drying to obtain extract;
washing the extract with acetic acid solution or sodium carbonate solution, and drying the precipitate to obtain dry extract;
dissolving the dried extract with ethanol or acetonitrile, adding PSA, activated carbon, C18, and magnesium sulfate, shaking, centrifuging, removing solvent, and oven drying.
2. The extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the volume percentage concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is not less than 90%.
3. The extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the extraction temperature is 20-60 ℃.
4. The extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of extracted feed to liquid in g/mL is 1: (5-50); the extraction times are 2-3.
5. The extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 90-120 ℃.
6. The extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the volume percentage concentration of the acetic acid solution is 3-8%, and the mass percentage concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 5-15%.
7. The extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the washing feed-liquid ratio is 1: (8-12), the number of washing times is 4-6.
8. The extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the dissolved feed-liquid ratio is 1: (8-12), the number of times of dissolution is 4-6.
9. The extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein in the dissolving step, the amount of PSA in 1L of the solution is 4-12 g, the amount of activated carbon is 4-12 g, the amount of C18 is 4-12 g, and the amount of magnesium sulfate is 10-30 g.
10. The extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the shaking time is 10-30 min.
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