CN112159111B - Lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for PERC solar cell aluminum paste and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for PERC solar cell aluminum paste and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112159111B CN112159111B CN202010886383.2A CN202010886383A CN112159111B CN 112159111 B CN112159111 B CN 112159111B CN 202010886383 A CN202010886383 A CN 202010886383A CN 112159111 B CN112159111 B CN 112159111B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C12/00—Powdered glass; Bead compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/064—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron
- C03C3/066—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron containing zinc
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention relates to lead-free bismuth-free glass powder for PERC solar cell aluminum paste, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-30% of vanadium pentoxide, 15-30% of barium oxide, 15-25% of boron oxide, 6-10% of silicon oxide, 5-10% of zinc oxide, 2-5% of strontium oxide, 2-5% of alkaline earth metal oxide, 0-4% of aluminum oxide and 0.01-3% of nitrogen-containing passivation layer corrosion inhibitor; wherein the alkaline earth metal oxide is an oxide of calcium and/or magnesium. Compared with the prior art, the glass powder disclosed by the invention is lead-free and bismuth-free, has no corrosivity on a passivation layer on the back surface of the PERC cell, does not influence the passivation effect of the passivation layer, has excellent adhesive force with the passivation layer, is good in melt leveling property, has good wettability and cohesiveness on a silicon substrate and aluminum powder, and can be used for remarkably improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar PERC cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to low-temperature glass powder for photovoltaic slurry, in particular to lead-free bismuth-free glass powder for PERC solar cell aluminum slurry and a preparation method thereof.
Background
A solar cell is a semiconductor device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. PERC, the passivated emitter and back-side cell technology, is currently becoming the conventional technology for a new generation of solar cells. The core difference of PERC compared to conventional photovoltaic cells is the addition of a backside dielectric passivation layer to improve conversion efficiency. PERC cells maximize the potential gradient across the P-N junction, which allows for more stable flow of electrons, reducing electron recombination for higher efficiency levels.
The metallization process of the PERC battery can still adopt a screen printing process, but the back structure of the PERC battery is changed due to the addition of a passivation layer; the passivation layer is generated through the passivation process to reduce the recombination of surface carriers, so that the influence caused by defects is reduced, and the efficiency of the battery is ensured.
The production flow of the PERC battery comprises the following steps: a backside passivation layer is deposited and then opened to form backside contacts. In selecting the material of the back passivation layer, the currently used material is mainly alumina, and in addition, silicon oxide (SiO) 2 ) Silicon oxynitride, and the like. In order to fully satisfy the back passivation condition, it is often necessary to coat a layer of silicon nitride (SiN) on the surface of alumina x ) To protect the back passivation layer and to ensure the optical performance of the back side of the cell. Therefore, Al is mostly adopted for passivation of the back of the PERC battery 2 O 3 /SiN x A double-layer structure. For this reason, the performance of the conductive paste is also different from that of the conventional battery pasteThe requirements of (1).
In the conventional process of local gold plating on the back surface of the conductive aluminum paste, the content of bismuth oxide and lead oxide which have strong corrosivity to the passivation layer in the glass component is generally about 50%, and the two components have strong damage effects on the passivation layer, so that the reduction of the open-circuit current of the battery and the reduction of the filling factor can be caused, and the conductive aluminum paste is not suitable for the PERC solar battery. With the development of PERC technology, the demand for low corrosivity of glass frits for PERC aluminum pastes is gradually increasing. But the reality is that: selecting a glass frit that is less or not corrosive to the passivation layer presents the problem of poor adhesion to the passivation layer. Therefore, it is often a contradiction between the improvement of adhesion and the increase of on-state current. In addition, in order to reduce the damage of the sintering process to the battery piece, the adopted sintering temperature is also continuously reduced, and therefore, higher requirements on the softening temperature and the leveling property of the glass powder are also put forward.
Therefore, the preparation of the lead-free bismuth-free glass powder for the PERC battery aluminum paste, which has low corrosion to a passivation layer, good adhesion, low softening temperature and excellent leveling property, is a technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the lead-free bismuth-free glass powder for the PERC battery aluminum paste, which has low corrosion to a passivation layer, good adhesive force, low softening temperature and excellent leveling property.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the glass powder.
The first purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-30% of vanadium pentoxide, 15-30% of barium oxide, 15-25% of boron oxide, 6-10% of silicon oxide, 5-10% of zinc oxide, 2-5% of strontium oxide, 2-5% of alkaline earth metal oxide, 0-4% of aluminum oxide and 0.01-3% of nitrogen-containing passivation layer corrosion inhibitor; wherein the alkaline earth metal oxide is an oxide of calcium and/or magnesium.
Using vanadium pentoxide, boron oxide andthe glass structure is constructed by silicon oxide, vanadium pentoxide and boron oxide have no corrosion effect on a passivation layer of the PERC solar cell, the melting point is low, the glass structure also has excellent leveling property, and the wettability of the glass to a silicon substrate and aluminum powder after melting is guaranteed; in view of the fact that vanadium pentoxide and zinc oxide are oxygen-deficient, metal oxides mainly comprising barium oxide and zinc oxide are added to supply oxygen. On the basis, a passivation layer corrosion inhibitor containing nitrogen is added as a glass powder component; the existence of the nitrogen-containing component greatly reduces the SiN resistance of the glass powder when the glass powder is softened and melted x Corrosion of the passivation layer makes the glass powder to SiN x The passivation layer is substantially non-corrosive, and the corrosion inhibitor of the passivation layer containing the nitrogen component can also enhance the glass and SiN properties x The binding capacity of the passivation layer; however, the three-coordination characteristic of nitrogen atoms can increase the crosslinking of a glass network structure, so that the glass structure becomes more compact, and a small amount of alkaline earth metal oxide calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide with strong oxygen supply capacity added in the system can play a role in breaking the network and reducing the softening temperature of the glass; the nitride has high melting point, and the added alumina can help to dissolve the glass and serve as a glass intermediate oxide to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the glass.
A general nitrogen source is easily lost as a gas at high temperature, and preferably, the nitrogen-containing passivation layer corrosion inhibitor includes one or more of silicon, aluminum, indium, gallium nitride; these preferred nitrogen sources may be used without nitrogen loss during glass frit melting and aluminum paste sintering. The specific nitrogen-containing passivation layer corrosion inhibitor can be one or more of silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, indium nitride and gallium nitride.
Preferably, the nitrogen-containing passivation layer corrosion inhibitor is indium nitride. The melting point of the indium nitride is 1100 ℃, the indium nitride can be well smelted in the glass powder, the corrosion inhibition effect on the passivation layer can be better played, the conversion efficiency of the battery is improved, and the smelting temperature of the glass powder can be reduced to 1000-1200 ℃, so that the preparation is more energy-saving.
Preferably, the sum of the weight percentages of the barium oxide and the strontium oxide is 20-30% of the total weight of the glass powder raw material.
Preferably, the softening temperature of the glass powder is 570-600 ℃.
Preferably, the glass powder has a median particle diameter of 2 to 2.5 μm and a maximum particle diameter<5 μm, specific surface area 3.5-4.5m 2 /g。
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of the lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the proportion;
(2) adding the components into a mixer, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, and filling the mixed powder into a quartz crucible;
(3) putting the quartz crucible filled with the material powder into a muffle furnace to be melted into molten glass;
(4) pouring the glass liquid into pure water, and performing water quenching to prepare glass particles;
(5) drying the glass particles, adding the dried glass particles into a ball milling tank, adding ball milling beads and a dispersing agent, and carrying out ball milling;
(6) and screening the mixture of the ball-milled glass powder and the dispersing agent by using a 500-mesh screen, drying to remove the dispersing agent, crushing the obtained powder, and sieving by using a 2500-mesh screen to obtain the dry glass powder.
Preferably, the smelting temperature in the step (3) is 1000-1650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, in the step (5), the ratio of the ball milling beads to the glass particles to the dispersing agent is 6-10:1:1, the ball milling frequency is 20-24Hz, and the ball milling time is 8-16 h.
Preferably, in the step (5), the dispersant is isopropanol.
Compared with the prior art, the glass powder is lead-free and bismuth-free, the nitrogen-containing glass powder component which has an effect of inhibiting corrosion on the passivation layer is added, so that the glass powder basically has no corrosion on the passivation layer on the back surface of the PERC battery piece when softened and melted, the passivation effect of the passivation layer is not influenced, the open-circuit voltage is increased, and the glass powder and the SiN are enabled to exist due to the existence of the nitrogen-containing glass powder component x The passivation layer has excellent adhesive force, and solves the problem that the prior art has difficulty in integrating two aspects of enhancing the adhesive force and increasing the on-voltage current; and adding vanadium pentoxide, boron oxide and silicon oxideThe glass powder is a glass main structure, the melt leveling property of the glass powder is good, the glass powder has good wettability and cohesiveness to a silicon substrate and aluminum powder, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar PERC cell can be remarkably improved. In addition, the method for preparing the glass powder has simple process, and the obtained glass has small granularity, uniform performance, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Detailed Description
The following describes the present invention with reference to examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1
The lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of vanadium pentoxide, 26% of barium oxide, 24% of boron oxide, 10% of silicon oxide, 8% of zinc oxide, 4% of strontium oxide, 2% of calcium oxide, 2% of magnesium oxide, 3% of aluminum oxide and 1% of indium nitride. The softening temperature of the glass powder is 590 ℃, the median particle size is 2-2.5 mu m, and the maximum particle size<5 μm, specific surface area 3.5-4.5m 2 /g。
The preparation method of the lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell comprises the following steps: (1) weighing the components according to the proportion; (2) adding the components into a mixer, mixing for 20min to obtain mixed powder, and filling the mixed powder into a quartz crucible; (3) putting the quartz crucible filled with the material powder into a muffle furnace to be melted into molten glass, wherein the melting temperature is 1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours; (4) pouring the glass liquid into pure water with the temperature of 25 ℃, and performing water quenching to prepare glass particles; (5) drying glass particles at 150 ℃, adding the glass particles into a ball milling tank, adding ball milling zirconia beads and an isopropanol dispersant, and carrying out ball milling, wherein the ratio of zirconia beads to glass particles to the dispersant is 10:1:1, the ball milling frequency is 22Hz, and the ball milling time is 14 h; (6) and screening the mixture of the ball-milled glass powder and the dispersing agent by using a 500-mesh screen, drying to remove the dispersing agent, crushing the obtained powder, and sieving by using a 2500-mesh screen to obtain the dry glass powder.
Example 2
Composition of lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for PERC solar cell aluminum paste andthe weight percentage is as follows: 27% of vanadium pentoxide, 24.99% of barium oxide, 22% of boron oxide, 8% of silicon oxide, 7% of zinc oxide, 4% of strontium oxide, 4% of calcium oxide, 3% of aluminum oxide and 0.01% of indium nitride. The softening temperature of the glass powder is 570 ℃, the median particle size is 2-2.5 mu m, and the maximum particle size<5 μm, specific surface area 3.5-4.5m 2 /g。
The preparation method of the lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell comprises the following steps: (1) weighing the components according to the proportion; (2) adding the components into a mixer, mixing for 20min to obtain mixed powder, and filling the mixed powder into a quartz crucible; (3) putting the quartz crucible filled with the material powder into a muffle furnace to be melted into molten glass, wherein the melting temperature is 1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours; (4) pouring the glass liquid into pure water with the temperature of 25 ℃, and performing water quenching to prepare glass particles; (5) drying glass particles at 150 ℃, adding the glass particles into a ball milling tank, adding ball milling zirconia beads and an isopropanol dispersant, and carrying out ball milling, wherein the ratio of zirconia beads to glass particles to the dispersant is 8:1:1, the ball milling frequency is 24Hz, and the ball milling time is 8 h; (6) and screening the mixture of the ball-milled glass powder and the dispersing agent by using a 500-mesh screen, drying to remove the dispersing agent, crushing the obtained powder, and sieving by using a 2500-mesh screen to obtain the dry glass powder.
Example 3
The lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 27% of vanadium pentoxide, 25% of barium oxide, 19% of boron oxide, 10% of silicon oxide, 10% of zinc oxide, 5% of strontium oxide, 2% of magnesium oxide and 2% of aluminum nitride. The softening temperature of the glass powder is 600 ℃, the median particle size is 2-2.5 mu m, and the maximum particle size<5 μm, specific surface area 3.5-4.5m 2 /g。
The preparation method of the lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell comprises the following steps: (1) weighing the components according to the proportion; (2) adding the components into a mixer, uniformly mixing for 20min to obtain mixed powder, and filling the mixed powder into a quartz crucible; (3) putting the quartz crucible filled with the material powder into a muffle furnace to be melted into molten glass, wherein the melting temperature is 1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h; (4) pouring the glass liquid into pure water with the temperature of 25 ℃, and performing water quenching to prepare glass particles; (5) drying glass particles at 150 ℃, adding the glass particles into a ball milling tank, adding ball milling zirconia beads and an isopropanol dispersant, and carrying out ball milling, wherein the ratio of zirconia beads to glass particles to the dispersant is 6:1:1, the ball milling frequency is 20Hz, and the ball milling time is 16 h; (6) and screening the mixture of the ball-milled glass powder and the dispersing agent by using a 500-mesh screen, drying to remove the dispersing agent, crushing the obtained powder, and sieving by using a 2500-mesh screen to obtain the dry glass powder.
Example 4
The lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 29% of vanadium pentoxide, 15% of barium oxide, 25% of boron oxide, 9% of silicon oxide, 9% of zinc oxide, 5% of strontium oxide, 2% of calcium oxide, 3% of aluminum oxide and 3% of silicon nitride. The glass powder has softening temperature of 595 deg.C, median particle diameter of 2-2.5 μm, and maximum particle diameter<5 μm, specific surface area 3.5-4.5m 2 /g。
The preparation method of the lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell comprises the following steps: (1) weighing the components according to the proportion; (2) adding the components into a mixer, mixing for 20min to obtain mixed powder, and filling the mixed powder into a quartz crucible; (3) putting the quartz crucible filled with the material powder into a muffle furnace to be melted into molten glass, wherein the melting temperature is 1650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h; (4) pouring the glass liquid into pure water with the temperature of 25 ℃, and performing water quenching to prepare glass particles; (5) drying glass particles at 150 ℃, adding the glass particles into a ball milling tank, adding ball milling zirconia beads and an isopropanol dispersant, and carrying out ball milling, wherein the ratio of zirconia beads to glass particles to the dispersant is 7:1:1, the ball milling frequency is 22Hz, and the ball milling time is 16 h; (6) and screening the mixture of the ball-milled glass powder and the dispersing agent by using a 500-mesh screen, drying to remove the dispersing agent, crushing the obtained powder, and sieving by using a 2500-mesh screen to obtain the dry glass powder.
Example 5
The lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of vanadium pentoxide, 30% of barium oxide, 15% of boron oxide, 6% of silicon oxide, 5% of zinc oxide, 2% of strontium oxide, 5% of calcium oxide, 4% of aluminum oxide and 3% of gallium nitride. Softening temperature of the glass powderThe degree is 592 deg.C, the median particle diameter is 2-2.5 μm, and the maximum particle diameter<5 μm, specific surface area 3.5-4.5m 2 /g。
The preparation method of the lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell comprises the following steps: (1) weighing the components according to the proportion; (2) adding the components into a mixer, mixing for 20min to obtain mixed powder, and filling the mixed powder into a quartz crucible; (3) putting the quartz crucible filled with the material powder into a muffle furnace to be melted into molten glass, wherein the melting temperature is 1600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h; (4) pouring the glass liquid into pure water with the temperature of 25 ℃, and performing water quenching to prepare glass particles; (5) drying glass particles at 150 ℃, adding the glass particles into a ball milling tank, adding ball milling zirconia beads and an isopropanol dispersant, and carrying out ball milling, wherein the ratio of zirconia beads to glass particles to the dispersant is 9:1:1, the ball milling frequency is 22Hz, and the ball milling time is 14 h; (6) and screening the mixture of the ball-milled glass powder and the dispersing agent by using a 500-mesh screen, drying to remove the dispersing agent, crushing the obtained powder, and sieving by using a 2500-mesh screen to obtain the dry glass powder.
Comparative example 1
The glass frit composition of comparative example 1 is similar to the glass frit composition of example 2, with the main difference that the glass frit composition of comparative example 1 does not contain indium nitride. Specifically, the glass frit in comparative example 1 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 27% of vanadium pentoxide, 25% of barium oxide, 22% of boron oxide, 8% of silicon oxide, 7% of zinc oxide, 4% of strontium oxide, 4% of calcium oxide and 3% of aluminum oxide. The glass frit of comparative example 1 was prepared using the same process conditions as example 2, and will not be described herein.
The glass powder prepared in the above examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 was used to prepare a PERC aluminum paste, and was printed on the surface of a PERC solar cell. And observing the appearance of the aluminum paste after sintering. The aluminum pastes of the examples 1 to 5 are good in appearance, the warping is less than 2mm, and the test tension value is not less than 20N; the tensile value of comparative example 1 was 19N; the tensile value of the aluminum paste in examples 1-5 is improved by more than 5% compared with that in comparative example 1.
And (5) carrying out a water boiling experiment. The cell pieces were boiled in water at 85 ℃ for 20min, and then taken out to observe whether fog and black appeared. It was found that the aluminum pastes of examples 1 to 5 and the aluminum paste of comparative example 1 were free from fog and black.
Meanwhile, the electrical properties of the sintered silicon wafer were tested, and the data results are shown in table 1. In table 1, EF is the conversion efficiency; UOC is open circuit voltage; ISC is short-circuit current; RSC is a parallel resistor; RS is a series resistor; FF is the fill factor.
TABLE 1
| Sample (I) | EF(％) | UOC(V) | ISC(A) | RSC(Ω) | RS(Ω) | FF(％) |
| Example 1 | 23.5 | 0.6811 | 10.530 | 1027 | 0.0021 | 81.91 |
| Example 2 | 23.1 | 0.6761 | 10.347 | 1012 | 0.0010 | 82.64 |
| Example 3 | 22.6 | 0.6788 | 10.197 | 649 | 0.0021 | 81.46 |
| Example 4 | 22.8 | 0.6911 | 9.930 | 1245 | 0.0021 | 83.01 |
| Example 5 | 22.4 | 0.6808 | 9.924 | 991 | 0.0020 | 82.93 |
| Comparative example 1 | 22.1 | 0.6660 | 9.9475 | 1006 | 0.0011 | 80.62 |
As can be seen from table 1, the conversion efficiency of examples 1 to 5 is higher than that of comparative example 1, and the efficiency of the solar cell module is significantly improved. Taking example 2 as an example: the conversion efficiency of example 2 was increased by 4.5% compared to comparative example 1.
The above embodiments are further illustrative of the above disclosure of the present invention, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter is limited to the above examples. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for PERC solar cell aluminum paste is characterized in that: the glass powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-30% of vanadium pentoxide, 15-30% of barium oxide, 15-25% of boron oxide, 6-10% of silicon oxide, 5-10% of zinc oxide, 2-5% of strontium oxide, 2-5% of alkaline earth metal oxide, 0-4% of aluminum oxide and 0.01-3% of nitrogen-containing passivation layer corrosion inhibitor; wherein the alkaline earth metal oxide is an oxide of calcium and/or magnesium; wherein the nitrogen-containing passivation layer corrosion inhibitor comprises one or more of silicon, aluminum, indium, gallium nitride.
2. The lead-free and bismuth-free glass frit for aluminum paste of PERC solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: the nitrogen-containing passivation layer corrosion inhibitor is indium nitride.
3. The lead-free and bismuth-free glass frit for aluminum paste of PERC solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the sum of the weight percentages of the barium oxide and the strontium oxide is 20-30% of the total weight of the glass powder raw material.
4. The lead-free and bismuth-free glass frit for aluminum paste of PERC solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the softening temperature of the glass powder is 570-600 ℃.
5. According to claim4 the lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell is characterized in that: the median particle size of the glass powder is 2-2.5 mu m, and the maximum particle size<5 mu m, and the specific surface area is 3.5-4.5m 2 /g。
6. A method for preparing the lead-free and bismuth-free glass powder for the aluminum paste of the PERC solar cell of any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the mixture ratio of claim 1;
(2) adding the components into a mixer, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, and filling the mixed powder into a quartz crucible;
(3) putting the quartz crucible filled with the powder into a muffle furnace to be melted into molten glass;
(4) pouring the glass liquid into pure water, and performing water quenching to prepare glass particles;
(5) drying the glass particles, adding the dried glass particles into a ball milling tank, adding ball milling beads and a dispersing agent, and carrying out ball milling;
(6) and screening the mixture of the ball-milled glass powder and the dispersing agent by using a 500-mesh screen, drying to remove the dispersing agent, crushing the obtained powder, and sieving by using a 2500-mesh screen to obtain the dry glass powder.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the smelting temperature in the step (3) is 1000-1650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step (5), the ratio of the ball milling beads to the glass particles to the dispersing agent is 6-10:1:1, the ball milling frequency is 20-24Hz, and the ball milling time is 8-16 h.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step (5), the dispersant is isopropanol.
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