CN112158473B - Fruit and vegetable air conditioning fresh-keeping bag and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Fruit and vegetable air conditioning fresh-keeping bag and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112158473B CN112158473B CN202011167412.6A CN202011167412A CN112158473B CN 112158473 B CN112158473 B CN 112158473B CN 202011167412 A CN202011167412 A CN 202011167412A CN 112158473 B CN112158473 B CN 112158473B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/30—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure
- B65D85/34—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for fruit, e.g. apples, oranges or tomatoes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
- B65D81/20—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
- B65D81/2069—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas in a special atmosphere
- B65D81/2084—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas in a special atmosphere in a flexible container
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
- B65D81/22—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient in moist conditions or immersed in liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/042—Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/16—Applications used for films
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fruit and vegetable air conditioning fresh-keeping bag and a preparation method and application thereof. The fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag mainly comprises polyethylene and graphene, and by adding the graphene into the polyethylene, on one hand, the strength of the fresh-keeping bag can be improved, on the other hand, the air holes of the fresh-keeping bag can be changed, so that the fresh-keeping bag has the capacity of adjusting the oxygen content and the carbon dioxide content in two directions, the appropriate humidity in the fresh-keeping bag is ensured, the gas index is effectively adjusted, the air-conditioning fresh-keeping effect is achieved, and the good fruit rate of the litchi can reach more than 95% after the litchi is kept fresh for 20 days at low temperature. In addition, the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag is simple in preparation method and convenient for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of controlled atmosphere storage and preservation of fruits and vegetables, and particularly relates to a controlled atmosphere fruit and vegetable preservation bag and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Litchi is a typical fresh and perishable agricultural product, is produced in summer with high temperature and high humidity, is easy to brown and rot after being harvested, and has the characteristics of color change in one day, fragrance change in two days, taste change in three days and complete color, fragrance and smell in four or five days, so that the litchi needs to be in a proper low-temperature environment in the processes of storage and transportation to a shelf after being harvested. In recent years, the contradiction between the continuous increase of the litchi yield and the transportation and sale after harvesting is conflicted, the phenomena of 'high yield and poor harvest' and 'low fruit damage to farmers' occur, the development of the litchi industry is limited, and the improvement of the income level of farmers in China is directly restricted. The preservation of the shelf life of the litchi is an important link in the selling process, and the quality reduction of the litchi can be effectively inhibited by exploring a proper shelf life preservation mode, so that the shelf life of the litchi is prolonged.
Modified atmosphere packaging is an important means for storage and fresh keeping of litchi. Firstly, the higher relative humidity in the packaging bag can reduce the dehydration of litchi peel and inhibit the browning of the peel; and secondly, carbon dioxide is accumulated in the packaging bag, so that the rotting and deterioration of the litchis can be reduced. Cryopreservation is the most common method used for long term storage of litchi. By reducing the temperature of the litchi storage environment, the respiration and other physiological metabolism of the fruits are inhibited as much as possible, the consumption of the fruits caused by metabolism can be reduced, and meanwhile, the infection activity of pathogenic microorganisms can be inhibited, so that the nutrient substances and good commercial quality of the fruits are maintained. Generally, the storage and the preservation of the litchis are carried out by the coordination of two modes of air regulation and low temperature. Modified atmosphere preservation is to change the components of environmental gases by utilizing the respiration of litchi fruits on the basis of low-temperature storage, thereby achieving the effect of litchi fruit preservation.
At present, the types of the air-conditioning packaging bags mainly comprise PE, PVC and PP, and because of poor air permeability, the sealing of each bag needs to be opened periodically for air release in a storage period, so that the labor intensity is increased, and the storage quality is difficult to determine.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag and a preparation method and application thereof.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, which mainly comprises polyethylene and graphene. According to the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, the graphene is added into the polyethylene, so that on one hand, the strength of the fresh-keeping bag is improved, on the other hand, the air holes of the fresh-keeping bag are changed, the fresh-keeping bag has the capacity of adjusting the oxygen content and the carbon dioxide content in two directions, the humidity in the bag is ensured to be proper, the gas index is effectively adjusted, and the effect of air-conditioning fresh keeping is achieved.
As a preferred embodiment of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, the graphene is nano graphene. When the graphene is in a nanometer level, the mechanical property, the gas barrier property, the heat conducting property and the thermal property of the polyethylene can be greatly improved by adding a small amount of the graphene into the polyethylene, so that the prepared freshness protection bag is low in cost and better in freshness protection performance, and if the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning freshness protection bag contains less than 5 wt% of the nano graphene, the good fruit rate can reach more than 95% after litchi is kept fresh for 20 days at a low temperature (such as 1-3 ℃).
As a further preferable embodiment of the air-conditioned fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag of the present invention, the graphene has an average particle size of 100 nm.
As a preferred embodiment of the fruit and vegetable modified atmosphere preservation bag of the present invention, the polyethylene is high pressure polyethylene.
As a preferred embodiment of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag of the present invention, the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag comprises the following components by weight: 95-99.5% of polyethylene and 0.5-5% of graphene.
As a further preferable embodiment of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag of the invention, the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 98% of polyethylene and 2% of graphene.
When the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag mainly comprises 95-99.5 wt% of polyethylene and 0.5-5 wt% of graphene, excellent fresh-keeping effect can be obtained, for example, the good fruit rate can reach more than 95% and the browning rate can be lower than 12% after litchi is kept fresh at low temperature (such as 1-3 ℃) for 20 days, and when the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag comprises 98 wt% of polyethylene and 2 wt% of graphene, the good fruit rate can reach 97% and the browning rate can be lower than 5% after litchi is kept fresh at low temperature (such as 1-3 ℃) for 20 days.
As a preferred embodiment of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, the thickness of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag is 30-60 μm. When the thickness of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag is less than 30 mu m, the mechanical property is poor; when the thickness of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag is more than 60 mu m, not only the cost is high, but also the fresh-keeping and air-permeable effects are poor.
In a preferred embodiment of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning and fresh-keeping bag of the present invention, the amount of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning and fresh-keeping bag is 1 kg.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a preparation method of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, which comprises the following steps: and mixing polyethylene and graphene, granulating, and then carrying out a film blowing process to obtain the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag.
As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, the preparation method comprises the steps of: mixing polyethylene and graphene in a high-speed dispersion machine, putting into a double-screw granulator, and preparing into granules after sequentially passing through temperature regions of 130 ℃, 140 ℃, 150 ℃ and 160 ℃; and extruding the granules at the temperature of 160-170 ℃ by an extruder, and then sequentially carrying out blow molding, cooling, clamping, traction and rolling-out processes to prepare a film, and finally preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides application of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag in litchi fresh keeping.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag has the capability of adjusting oxygen and carbon dioxide in two directions, can ensure proper humidity in the bag, effectively adjusts gas indexes, keeps the optimal state of relative stability, has good fresh-keeping effect and achieves the aim of air-conditioning fresh keeping.
(2) The air-conditioning fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag can be used for keeping litchi fresh, and the good fruit rate can reach more than 95% after the litchi is kept fresh for 20 days at low temperature.
(3) The additive adopted by the air-conditioning fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag is graphene, so that the air-conditioning fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag is safe and non-toxic, small in addition amount and low in cost.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It is apparent that the following examples are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are only for illustrating the technical effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The determination of the vitamin C content is carried out according to the latest national standard and is determined by using a 2, 6-dichloroindophenol method.
Determination of the browning rate: browning rate (%) ═ number of browned fruits/number of total fruits × 100.
And (4) evaluating the appearance of the litchi, and scoring according to the overall color, the browning degree of the peel, the rotten fruit and the like of the litchi. Selecting 3-5 litchi, tasting the litchi, and evaluating the taste of the litchi according to factors such as water content, sweetness and whether peculiar smell exists in the litchi pulp. The evaluation standard of the appearance and the taste of the litchi is 9 points, which is excellent; 7 minutes, very good; 5 points, better, limited sale; 3 points, poor, limited eating; 1 point, poor, it is not edible.
Example 1
The embodiment is an embodiment of the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, and the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag comprises the following steps: respectively weighing 99.5 parts by weight of high-pressure polyethylene and 0.5 part by weight of graphene (average particle size is 100nm), mixing the two raw materials in a high-speed dispersion machine for 1-2min, putting the mixture into a double-screw granulator with the rotating speed of 40r/min, and preparing the mixture into particles after sequentially passing through temperature regions of 130 ℃, 140 ℃, 150 ℃ and 160 ℃; the granules are extruded by an extruder at 160-170 ℃, and then are made into a film with the thickness of 40 mu m by the processes of blow molding, cooling, clamping, drawing and rolling out in sequence, and finally the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag with the specification of 50cm x 40 mu m (length, width and thickness) is made.
Example 2
The embodiment is an embodiment of the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, and the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag comprises the following steps: the preparation method was the same as in example 1, except that 99 parts by weight of high-pressure polyethylene and 1 part by weight of graphene were used.
Example 3
The embodiment is an embodiment of the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, and the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag comprises the following steps: the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated, except that 98 parts by weight of the high-pressure polyethylene and 2 parts by weight of graphene were used.
Example 4
The embodiment is an embodiment of the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, and the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag in the embodiment comprises the following steps: the preparation method was the same as that of example 3 except that the prepared film had a thickness of 30 μm and the fruit and vegetable atmosphere-control fresh-keeping bag had a thickness of 30 μm.
Example 5
The embodiment is an embodiment of the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, and the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag in the embodiment comprises the following steps: the same procedure as in example 3 was repeated except that the thickness of the resultant film was 60 μm and that of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning pouch was 60 μm.
Example 6
The embodiment is an embodiment of the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, and the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag comprises the following steps: the preparation method was the same as in example 1, except that 97 parts by weight of high-pressure polyethylene and 3 parts by weight of graphene were used.
Example 7
The embodiment is an embodiment of the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, and the method for preparing the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag comprises the following steps: the preparation method was the same as in example 1, except that 95 parts by weight of high-pressure polyethylene and 5 parts by weight of graphene were used.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example relates to a preparation method of a fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, and the preparation method of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag in the comparative example comprises the following steps: the preparation method was the same as that of example 1, except that graphene was not used, 100 parts by weight of polyethylene was used, and raw material mixing was not performed.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example relates to a preparation method of a fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag, and the preparation method of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag in the comparative example comprises the following steps: the preparation method was the same as in example 1, except that 90 parts by weight of the high-pressure polyethylene and 10 parts by weight of the graphene were used.
Examples of effects
The fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bags prepared in the examples 1-7 and the comparative examples 1-2 are subjected to a fresh-keeping effect test, and specifically comprise the following steps: the same batch of litchis which are collected from Cantonese, Guangdong, are respectively filled into fresh-keeping bags (the filling amount is 1kg, the Vc content is 39mg/100g), the fresh-keeping bags are tightly packed and then stored at the temperature of 1-3 ℃, the fresh-keeping bags are taken out after 20 days to measure the Vc content, the browning rate and the fruit yield, and sensory evaluation is carried out, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 litchi fresh-keeping Effect test results
| Sample(s) | Content of Vc | Rate of browning | Good fruit rate | Sensory integration scoring |
| Example 1 | 37mg/100g | 8％ | 97％ | 9 minutes |
| Example 2 | 33mg/100g | 10％ | 95％ | 7 points of |
| Example 3 | 39mg/100g | 5％ | 97％ | 9 points of |
| Example 4 | 32mg/100g | 10％ | 95％ | 7 points of |
| Example 5 | 30mg/100g | 11％ | 95％ | 5 points of |
| Example 6 | 31mg/100g | 12％ | 95％ | 5 points of |
| Example 7 | 29mg/100 | 10％ | 95％ | 5 points of |
| Comparative example 1 | 23mg/100g | 75％ | 50％ | 1 point is |
| Comparative example 2 | 21mg/100g | 84％ | 45％ | 1 minute (1) |
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag for keeping litchi fresh is characterized in that the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag is composed of polyethylene and graphene; the graphene is nano graphene; the average particle size of the graphene is 100 nm; the polyethylene is high-pressure polyethylene; the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 98% of polyethylene and 2% of graphene; the thickness of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag is 40 mu m;
the preparation method of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag for keeping litchi fresh comprises the following steps: and mixing polyethylene and graphene, granulating, and then carrying out a film blowing process to obtain the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag.
2. The fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag for keeping litchi as claimed in claim 1, wherein the loading amount of the fruit and vegetable air-conditioning fresh-keeping bag is 1 kg.
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| CN109169871B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2022-03-11 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | Litchi preservation method |
| CN113201177B (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2023-03-28 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Nano freshness protection package material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114084497B (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2023-05-05 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping bag and preparation method and application thereof |
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