CN112157235A - Convex press-down roller at solidification tail end of continuous casting slab and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Convex press-down roller at solidification tail end of continuous casting slab and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112157235A CN112157235A CN202010956524.3A CN202010956524A CN112157235A CN 112157235 A CN112157235 A CN 112157235A CN 202010956524 A CN202010956524 A CN 202010956524A CN 112157235 A CN112157235 A CN 112157235A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/1206—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for plastic shaping of strands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention relates to a convex press-down roller at the solidification tail end of a continuous casting plate blank and a preparation process thereof, wherein the convex press-down roller comprises the following steps: 1) counting the length L of the central segregation line in the width direction of the casting blank in the transverse low-power sample0mm; 2) determining the convex portion length Lmm of the convex indenting roller based on the statistics; 3) counting the thickness H of the horizontal low-power sample segregation zone0mm; 4) determining the thickness Hmm of the convex part according to the statistical result; 5) simulating the stress and reduction condition of the casting blank pressed by the convex roller through a numerical simulation technology, and determining the arc length Xmm of the convex connection part; 6) the male portion is sized, and the bead is built up and machined to that size and placed into service. On the premise of not changing the integral equipment of the sector section, the invention can effectively reduce the edge stress of the continuous casting blank only by reforming the shape of the continuous casting roller, and properly increase the stress of the casting blank at the convex part, so that the stress of the casting blank in the width direction is more enhancedThe method has the advantages of uniformity, and capability of enhancing the reduction effect of the middle part of the casting blank, so that the quality problems of center segregation, looseness and the like are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy continuous casting machinery and preparation, and relates to a convex press-down roller at the solidification tail end of a continuous casting slab and a preparation process thereof, which can effectively reduce the stress of the edge part of the continuous casting slab and improve the internal quality problems of center segregation and the like.
Background
The internal quality problems of center segregation and the like are a big problem of continuous casting slabs under the current continuous casting production conditions, and a pressing technology is correspondingly proposed and widely used for solving the segregation problem, so that the segregation problem of the continuous casting slabs is improved to a certain extent by the technology, but the problem cannot be completely solved. It is found through a large amount of data statistics that under present production technology condition, segregation that takes place mainly concentrates on slab casting blank width direction center to limit portion, the casting blank corner portion is few or do not have the segregation problem, mainly because the corner portion cooling is very fast, solidify with two cold regions at first in the crystallizer, and the casting blank is harder after the cooling of corner portion, two cold regions screw down the in-process and press down roller corner portion atress and be greater than central department, cause the circumstances that both sides support and the center is not pressed or is not enough to screw down, thereby center department casting blank does not fully receive the effect that pushes down, so the center segregation problem is comparatively serious.
Under the influence of equipment and technical conditions, the internal quality of a first-quarter and second-quarter continuous casting slab in 2020 steel works checks 102 blocks of a casting blank, wherein the number of low-time qualified blocks is 30, and the qualified rate is only 29.41%. The adopted continuous casting roll is a plain carbon flat roll, the central reduction of a casting blank is difficult to reach the target reduction, so that the central reduction is insufficient, and finally the internal quality percent of pass is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a convex press-down roller at the solidification tail end of a continuous casting slab and a preparation process thereof. Through using convex roll of pushing down to increase casting blank central part decrement, do not change or reduced the holding power of corner portion casting blank to the roller, under the condition that does not increase each position atress of casting blank width direction and equipment atress, properly increased casting blank middle part decrement, not only effectively improve continuous casting slab segregation problem, can also reduce fan-shaped section equipment atress and then improve fan-shaped section equipment life, improved the inside quality of casting blank simultaneously, bring economic benefits for the steel mill.
To achieve the above objects, in one aspect, the present invention provides a convex press roll for a solidification end of a continuous casting slab, comprising:
determining the length of the convex part of the convex press roller according to the statistical result of the length of the central segregation zone of the transverse low-power sample of the casting blank; determining the thickness of the center segregation zone according to the statistical result of the component analysis, and further determining the convex thickness of the convex part of the convex press roller; the convex shape of the convex indenting roll is determined by numerical simulation calculations.
Further, the method for determining the length of the convex part of the convex press-down roller according to the statistical result of the length of the central segregation zone of the transverse low-power sample of the casting blank comprises the following steps:
1) taking a transverse low-power sample on a casting blank produced by continuous casting, dividing steel type, recording the divided surface and counting the length L of a central segregation line in the width direction of the casting blank in the transverse low-power sample0mm；
2) According to the length L of the center segregation line0The mm statistical result is combined with the output of various steel types, the section of the casting blank, the equipment state and the internal quality condition of the casting blank to determine an optimal L0mm, length Lmm as the convex portion of the convex press roll middle:
combining the output of various steel types, the section of the casting blank, the actual state of a casting machine device and the severity of internal defects of the casting blanks of different steel types and different sections, selecting the steel type with more output and more serious internal quality defects of the casting blank from the section with the most production as a transformation object of the continuous casting roller on the premise of good state of the casting machine device, determining the steel type, and counting the length L of a central segregation line in the transverse low-time sample width direction of the casting blank counted by the steel type0mm is averaged as the length Lmm of the convex portion of the middle of the final convex roller.
Further, determining the thickness of the center segregation band by composition analysis, and further determining the thickness of the convex shape, comprises:
1) on the transverse low-power samples of different types and sections of steel grades on the casting blank, the samples are sequentially sampled along the thickness direction of the casting blank through drilling or shaving, C, S chemical component analysis is carried out, and the thickness of the casting blank is determined according to the C, S component analysis resultThe distance range of the center segregation, namely the thickness of the segregation zone, in the direction is counted, the thicknesses of the segregation zones of different types and different sections of steel grades are finally determined, and the thicknesses H of the segregation zones of different types and different sections of steel grades are finally determined0mm；
2) According to the thickness H of the segregation band0Determining an optimal H according to mm statistical results and by combining the yield of various steel types, the section of the casting blank, the equipment state and the internal quality condition of the casting blank0mm, thickness Hmm as a convex portion of the convex press-down roller:
combining the output of various steel types, the section of the casting blank, the actual state of a casting machine device and the severity of internal defects of the casting blanks of different steel types and different sections, selecting the steel type with more output and more serious internal quality defects of the casting blank in the section with the most production as a transformation object of a continuous casting roller on the premise of good state of the casting machine device, determining the steel type, and transversely casting the casting blank counted by the steel type by the low-power horizontal specimen segregation zone thickness H0mm is taken as the average value and taken as the thickness Hmm of the convex portion of the final convex press roll.
Further, determining the convex shape from numerical simulation calculations includes:
the stress condition of the roller when the convex pressing roller at the joint of the common continuous casting roller and the convex pressing rollers with different shapes is pressed down is simulated by a numerical simulation method, the convex shape of the continuous casting roller with the minimum stress of the continuous casting roller when the step is processed by the arc is adopted, and the arc length of the arc processing is determined to be Xmm.
On the other hand, the invention provides a preparation process of a convex press-down roll at the solidification tail end of a continuous casting slab, which comprises the following steps of firstly, determining the processing size of the convex press-down roll, wherein the length of a convex part in the middle is Lmm, and the protruding thickness is Hmm; the thickness of the two sides is not increased, the diameter is kept unchanged, the two sides are connected with the convex part in the middle in an arc shape, the arc length is Xmm, and the surfacing welding is processed and molded.
Wherein, the convex squeeze roller is processed and reformed on the basis of the traditional three-section roller continuous casting roller, the two sections of roller sleeves on the two sides of the convex squeeze roller after final processing are tangent with the horizontal plane of the middle part of the convex squeeze roller according to the arc contour line of the arc length X from the certain distance of the edge part, and the surfacing layer corresponding to the section is called as a convex connection part.
Further, during machining, firstly, integral surfacing welding is carried out on the traditional three-section roller continuous casting roller, the thickness of a surfacing layer is increased by Hmm on the basis of the surfacing welding of the original continuous casting roller, then the geometric center of the roller is used as the original point, the (L/2-X) mm length is respectively taken from two sides, the surfacing layers of the rollers with the (L/2-X) mm length ranges on the two sides keep the thickness unchanged, the inner sides of the (L/2-X) mm length ranges on the two sides are respectively used as turning tool starting points, redundant surfacing layers are removed by a lathe, the turning tool track is an arc with a downward opening, the arc length is Xmm, the arch height is Hmm, and the arc end point, namely the Hmm surfacing layer is removed from the convex joint end point to the edges of.
The convex squeeze roller that designs only processes on traditional three section roller continuous casting roller basis and reforms transform, and the equipment processing degree of difficulty is little, and two sections roller shell of convex squeeze roller both sides after final processing are tangent with convex squeeze roller middle part horizontal plane level according to the arc contour line of arc length X apart from limit portion certain distance department, and this section build-up layer is called convex junction department. Due to the convex connection, a height difference exists between the center and two sides of the convex press roller. During machining, firstly, integral surfacing welding is carried out on the three-section roller continuous casting roller, Hmm is added to the thickness of a surfacing layer on the basis of the prior continuous casting roller surfacing welding, then the geometric center of the roller is used as the original point, the length of (L/2-X) mm is respectively taken from two sides, the thickness of the surfacing layer of the roller within the length range of (L/2-X) mm at two sides is kept unchanged, the inner sides of the length ranges of (L/2-X) mm at two sides are respectively used as turning tool starting points, redundant surfacing layers are turned by a lathe, the turning tool track is an arc with a downward opening, the arc length is Xmm, the arch height is Hmm, Hmm surfacing layers are turned from the arc end point (namely the convex joint end point) to the edges of the roller sleeves at two.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a convex press-down roller at the solidification tail end of a continuous casting slab and a preparation process thereof. Through using convex compression roller to increase the reduction of central point, reduce the holding power of corner portion casting blank to the roller, under the condition that does not increase each position atress of casting blank width direction and equipment atress, the suitable reduction in the middle part of the casting blank that has increased, not only effectively improve continuous casting slab segregation problem, can also reduce fan-shaped section equipment atress and then increase fan-shaped section equipment life, directly improved the inside quality of casting blank, also indirectly improved casting blank surface quality, bring economic benefits for the steel mill.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a convex indenting roll reduction process;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of sizing and processing of a convex pinch roll at the solidification end of a continuous cast slab of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a convex squeeze roll for the solidification end of a continuous casting slab of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the convex junction at A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a time-varying graph of the torque value of the motor at the lower pressing section when the ordinary flat roll is pressed down;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the torque value of the motor in the lower pressing section with time when the convex roller is pressed down;
FIG. 7 shows the hot acid results of a longitudinal cast sample taken under normal flat roll pressing;
FIG. 8 shows the results of hot acid treatment of longitudinal cast samples taken under a convex roller pressure.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of sizing and processing of a convex squeeze roll at the solidification end of a continuous cast slab, and the invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
Example one
Step (1): steel grades such as steel grades of low-carbon steel, low-alloy steel, peritectic steel, high-carbon steel and the like are counted by dividing steel grades and dividing surfaces, and the length L of the center segregation line of the transverse low-power sample is counted0(mm) in the above-mentioned order of magnitude,
continuous cast slab with 254 x 2000mm section:
the length of the center segregation line of the low-carbon steel transverse low-power sample is generally between 1500mm and 1650 mm;
the length of the center segregation line of the low-alloy steel and peritectic steel transverse low-power samples is generally 1550mm-1750 mm;
the length of the center segregation line of the high-carbon steel transverse low-power sample is generally between 1300 mm and 1500 mm.
254 x 2200mm section of continuous cast slab:
the length of the center segregation line of the low-carbon steel transverse low-power sample is generally between 1600mm and 1750 mm;
the length of the center segregation line of the low-alloy steel and peritectic steel transverse low-power samples is generally 1650mm-1800 mm;
the length of the center segregation line of the high-carbon steel transverse low-power sample is generally between 1450 mm and 1650 mm.
Step (2): the length of the convex part of the convex press-down roller is determined to be 1700mm by combining various conditions, the total length of the continuous casting roller is 2300mm, and the left side and the right side of the continuous casting roller are respectively reserved with 300mm to keep the thickness of the original continuous casting roller unchanged.
And (3): taking transverse low-power samples, sequentially sampling the statistical transverse low-power samples in the thickness direction of the casting blank through drilling or shaving, processing and sampling the statistical transverse low-power samples, and performing C, S analysis to determine the thickness H of the segregation zone in the thickness direction of the casting blank0(mm) and, statistically, 254 x 2000mm cross-section and 254 x 2200mm continuous cast slab, each steel type segregation band thickness being generally between 1.5 and 4 mm.
And (4): comprehensively considering conditions such as equipment state, casting blank internal quality and the like, and determining the surfacing thickness H of the convex part to be 2.5 mm;
and (5): utilize numerical simulation software simulation ordinary continuous casting roller and the convex roll-in process of rolling down of different shape convex junctions, study the casting blank to the reaction force of continuous casting roller, compare through the calculated result, the reaction force that the continuous casting roller receives is minimum when adopting curved convex junction, promptly every hydro-cylinder pressure value is less, wherein adopt the convex roll-in of 60mm arc length's convex joining mode, the pressure value of every hydro-cylinder of the section position of rolling down is about 13.6MPa, the convex roller of the convex junction of more oblique line type reduces 12%, reduces 30% than ordinary continuous casting roller.
And (6): the continuous casting slab produced by the selected example mainly has a section of 254 x 2000mm, and a continuous casting roller for producing low alloy steel is taken as a transformation object, the length of the convex part is determined to be 1700mm, the total length of the continuous casting roller is 2300mm, and the left side and the right side of the continuous casting roller are respectively reserved with 300 mm. Namely, determining that L is 1700 mm; the surfacing thickness value H of the convex part is 2.5 mm; the convex connection position adopts a 60mm arc length convex connection mode.
And finally determining the machining size of the convex press-down roller according to the steps, and performing surfacing welding machining according to the machining size and putting the roller into use. After the device is put into use, the pressure value of the oil cylinder is reduced by 21.05%, the total torque of the rotating motor of the sector section is reduced by 13.9%, and the current value of the corresponding sector section pulling and straightening roller of the convex pressing roller is reduced by 5.7%. Counting production quality data of two months before and after the casting blank is put into use, wherein the qualified rate of the surface quality of the casting blank is improved from 72.17% to 85.47%, and the surface quality is improved by 13.3% instead of being deteriorated; the internal quality yield is improved from 29.41 percent to 81.5 percent and is improved by 52.09 percent. The segregation result of the transverse low-power sample before being put into use is shown in FIG. 7, and the segregation result of the transverse low-power sample after being put into use is shown in FIG. 8, so that defects such as center segregation and porosity are obviously improved.
Example two
Step (1): steel grades such as steel grades of low-carbon steel, low-alloy steel, peritectic steel, high-carbon steel and the like are counted by dividing steel grades and dividing surfaces, and the length L of the center segregation line of the transverse low-power sample is counted0mm, through statistics:
224 by 1820mm section continuous cast slab:
the length of the center segregation line of the low-carbon steel transverse low-power sample is generally 1400-1500 mm;
the length of the center segregation line of the low-alloy steel and peritectic steel transverse low-power samples is generally between 1500mm and 1600 mm;
the length of the center segregation line of the high-carbon steel transverse low-power sample is generally between 1250 and 1400 mm.
224 × 1550mm section continuous cast slab:
the length of the center segregation line of the low-carbon steel transverse low-power sample is generally 1050-1200 mm;
the length of the center segregation line of the low-alloy steel and peritectic steel transverse low-power samples is generally between 1200mm and 1350 mm;
the length of the center segregation line of the high-carbon steel transverse low-power sample is generally between 1100-1250 mm.
Step (2): the production of 1820mm has more sections, various conditions are integrated, the production quality of large sections is guaranteed, the length of the convex part of the convex press-down roller is determined to be 1550mm, the total length of the continuous casting roller is 1950mm, and the thickness of the original continuous casting roller is kept unchanged by reserving 200mm on the left side and the right side respectively. L was determined to be 1550 mm.
And (3): machining and sampling the counted transverse low-magnification samples and performing C, S analysis, thereby determining the thickness H of the segregation band in the thickness direction of the casting blank0(mm), and according to statistics, the thickness of each steel type segregation zone is generally between 1.5 and 3mm for continuous casting slabs with the cross section of 224 x 1820mm and the cross section of 224 x 1550 mm.
And (4): comprehensively considering conditions such as equipment state, casting blank internal quality and the like, and determining the surfacing thickness H of the convex part to be 2.5 mm;
and (5): the numerical simulation software is utilized to simulate the rolling process of the common continuous casting roller and the convex press rollers at the convex connection positions with different shapes, the reaction force of the casting blank on the continuous casting roller is researched, the calculation results are compared, the reaction force borne by the continuous casting roller is the minimum when the arc-shaped convex connection position is adopted, and the arc length is determined to be 50 mm.
And (6): the continuous cast slabs produced in the examples were determined to be mainly 224 x 1820mm in section and to be mainly used for the production of low alloy steels. The length of the convex part is 1550mm, the total length of the continuous casting roll is 1950mm, and 200mm is reserved on the left side and the right side respectively. Namely determining that L is 1550 mm; the thickness value H of the convex part overlaying welding is determined to be 2.5 mm; the convex connection position adopts a connection mode with an arc length of 50 mm.
And finally determining the machining size of the convex press-down roller according to the steps, and performing surfacing welding according to the machining size and putting the roller into use.
Claims (7)
1. A convex press-down roller at the solidification tail end of a continuous casting slab, which is characterized in that,
determining the length of the convex part of the convex press roller according to the statistical result of the length of the central segregation zone of the transverse low-power sample of the casting blank; determining the thickness of the center segregation zone according to the statistical result of the component analysis, and further determining the convex thickness of the convex part of the convex press roller; the convex shape of the convex indenting roll is determined by numerical simulation calculations.
2. The continuous casting slab solidification end convex squeeze roll according to claim 1, wherein determining the convex portion length of the convex squeeze roll according to the statistical result of the center segregation band length of the lateral low magnification sample of the cast slab comprises:
1) taking a transverse low-power sample on a casting blank produced by continuous casting, dividing steel type, recording a divided surface and counting the length L of a central segregation line in the width direction of the casting blank in the transverse low-power sample0mm；
2) According to the length L of the center segregation line0The mm statistical result is combined with the output of various steel types, the section of the casting blank, the equipment state and the internal quality condition of the casting blank to determine an optimal L0mm, length Lmm as the convex portion of the convex press roll middle:
combining the output of various steel types, the section of the casting blank, the actual state of casting machine equipment and the severity of internal defects of the casting blanks of different steel types and different sections, selecting the steel type with more output and more serious internal quality defects of the casting blank from the section with the most production as a reconstruction object of the continuous casting lower roll on the premise of good state of the casting machine equipment, determining the steel type, and counting the length L of a central segregation line in the transverse low-time sample width direction of the casting blank counted by the steel type0mm is averaged as the length Lmm of the convex portion of the middle of the final convex roller.
3. The convex squeeze roll for the solidification end of a continuous cast slab as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein determining the thickness of the center-segregated zone and thus the thickness of the convex shape by composition analysis comprises:
1) on the transverse low-power samples of different types and different sections of steel types on the casting blank, sequentially sampling along the thickness direction of the casting blank through drilling or shaving, carrying out C, S chemical component analysis, determining the distance range of central segregation in the thickness direction of the casting blank, namely the thickness of a segregation zone according to the C, S component analysis result, counting the thicknesses of the segregation zones of the different types and different sections of steel types, and finally determining the thickness H of the segregation zones of the different types and different sections of steel types0mm；
2) According to the thickness H of the segregation zone0Determining an optimal H according to mm statistical results and by combining the yield of various steel types, the section of the casting blank, the equipment state and the internal quality condition of the casting blank0mm, thickness Hmm as a convex portion of the convex press-down roller:
combining the output of various steel types, the section of the casting blank, the actual state of the casting machine equipment and the severity of the internal defects of the casting blanks of different steel types and different sections, selecting the steel type with more output and more serious internal quality defects of the casting blank from the section with the most production as the reconstruction object of the continuous casting lower roll on the premise of good state of the casting machine equipment, determining the steel type, and transversely casting the casting blank counted by the steel type to obtain the thickness H of the horizontal low-power sample segregation zone0mm is taken as the average value and taken as the thickness Hmm of the convex portion of the final convex press roll.
4. The continuous casting slab solidification end convex press roll according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the convex shape is determined by numerical simulation calculation including:
the stress condition of the roller when the convex press rolls at the joint of the common press roll and the convex press rolls with different shapes are pressed is simulated by a numerical simulation method, the arc processing step is adopted to be the convex shape of the continuous casting roller with the minimum stress of the continuous casting roller, and the arc length of the arc processing is determined to be Xmm.
5. The process of making a convex pinch-roll for a solidification end of a continuous cast slab as claimed in claim 4, wherein the convex pinch-roll is sized with a central convex portion length of Lmm and a protrusion thickness of Hmm; the thickness of the two sides is not increased, the diameter is kept unchanged, the two sides are connected with the convex part in the middle in an arc shape, the arc length is Xmm, and the surfacing welding is processed and molded.
6. The process for preparing the convex press-down roller at the solidification tail end of the continuous casting slab as claimed in claim 5, wherein the convex press-down roller is processed and modified on the basis of a traditional three-section roller continuous casting roller, the arc contour line of the arc length X at the position, away from the edge part, of two roller sleeves on two sides of the finally processed convex press-down roller is horizontally tangent to the horizontal plane in the middle of the convex press-down roller according to a certain distance, and the surfacing layer corresponding to the section is called as a convex joint.
7. The manufacturing process of the convex press-down roller at the solidification tail end of the continuous casting slab as claimed in claim 5 or 6, during machining, firstly, the traditional three-section roller continuous casting roller is subjected to integral surfacing welding, the thickness of a surfacing layer is increased by Hmm on the basis of the surfacing welding of the original continuous casting roller, then the geometric center of the roller is used as an original point, the length of (L/2-X) mm is respectively taken from two sides, the surfacing layer of the roller within the length range of (L/2-X) mm at two sides keeps the thickness unchanged, the inner sides of the length ranges of (L/2-X) mm at two sides are respectively used as turning tool starting points, redundant surfacing layers are removed by a lathe, the turning tool track is an arc with a downward opening, the arc length is Xmm, the arch height is Hmm, and the arc end point is obtained by turning the Hmm surfacing layer from.
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