CN112156931B - Steam coating machine and steam coating method - Google Patents
Steam coating machine and steam coating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112156931B CN112156931B CN202011123400.3A CN202011123400A CN112156931B CN 112156931 B CN112156931 B CN 112156931B CN 202011123400 A CN202011123400 A CN 202011123400A CN 112156931 B CN112156931 B CN 112156931B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B16/00—Spray booths
- B05B16/20—Arrangements for spraying in combination with other operations, e.g. drying; Arrangements enabling a combination of spraying operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
- B05D3/0486—Operating the coating or treatment in a controlled atmosphere
Abstract
The invention relates to a steam coating machine and a steam coating method, and belongs to the technical field of liquid coating spraying. The technical scheme is as follows: an atomization cabin (16) is arranged in the coating box (4), the bottom of the coating box is open and is buckled on the conveyer belt (3) to form a relatively closed coating space; the top of the atomization cabin (16) is provided with a cross-flow fan (20) and a heater (21), the atomization cabin (16) is a relatively closed container, a liquid storage tank (25) is arranged in the atomization cabin, an ultrasonic atomizer (23) is arranged in the liquid storage tank (25), the upper part of the liquid storage tank (25) is matched with the positions of the cross-flow fan (20) and the heater (21), and the wall of the atomization cabin (16) is provided with an atomization cabin nozzle (27). The invention has the beneficial effects that: the coating agent can quickly coat all the surfaces of various workpieces, including quickly coating the inner cavities of the workpieces; the thickness of the film coated on the surface of the workpiece is ensured to be uniform, the original appearance quality of the product is improved, and the labor efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a steam coating machine and a steam coating method, and belongs to the technical field of liquid coating spraying.
Background
At present, the traditional liquid coating spraying equipment mostly adopts the jet technology to spray coating with powerful atomization, and the atomizing form of this type of spraying equipment is divergent type, and the concentration distribution is inhomogeneous, consequently can't carry out the spraying to the work piece that requires higher, for example: the photocatalyst antibacterial products (including photocatalyst glass and ceramic products with various shapes) are manufactured, because the spraying thickness and the uniformity of the photocatalyst antibacterial products have strict technical requirements, when the spraying thickness is too thick, the consumption of raw materials is increased, the sterilization capability is weakened, the problems of coating film and workpiece adhesion reduction, cracking, peeling, falling and the like are easy to occur, the permeability of the coating film on the surface of the workpiece is influenced, if the spraying thickness is not uniform, the product cannot reach the distribution density of titanium dioxide particles in unit area, the effect of the photocatalyst is reduced, the sterilization effect is influenced, meanwhile, the scattering of light on the surface of the workpiece is caused due to the non-uniform spraying thickness, the rainbow phenomenon occurs on the surface of the workpiece, and the original appearance quality of the product is influenced.
In addition, the jet spraying method in the prior art can only coat multiple surfaces of various workpieces, cannot coat the inner cavities of the workpieces at the same time, and cannot spray ultrathin photocatalyst materials on the surfaces and the inner cavities of curved objects (workpieces), such as infant feeding bottles, water cups, kitchen ingredient bottles, tanks, catering utensils and the like, which are all easy to breed bacteria and viruses, so that the inner and outer walls of the manufactured antibacterial containers have the capability of sterilization and disinfection, and the inner and outer walls need to be coated with films at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steam coating machine and a steam coating method, which can quickly coat all the surfaces of various workpieces, including quickly coating the inner cavities of the workpieces; the thickness of the film coated on the surface of the workpiece is ensured to be uniform, the original appearance quality of the product is improved, the labor efficiency is improved, and the problems in the prior art are solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a steam coating machine comprises a conveying belt, a coating box and an atomization cabin, wherein the atomization cabin is arranged in the coating box, the bottom of the coating box is open and is buckled on the conveying belt to form a relatively closed coating space; the top of the atomization cabin is provided with a cross-flow fan and a heater, the atomization cabin is a relatively closed container, a liquid storage tank is arranged in the atomization cabin, an ultrasonic atomizer is arranged in the liquid storage tank, the upper part of the liquid storage tank is matched with the positions of the cross-flow fan and the heater, and the wall of the atomization cabin is provided with an atomization cabin nozzle.
The atomizing cabin nozzles of the atomizing cabin are strip nozzles and are arranged perpendicular to the moving direction of the conveying belt.
The atomization cabin is arranged at the top of the coating box and can move back and forth along the movement direction of the conveying belt.
The liquid storage tank in the atomization cabin can be a tank body with an upward opening, and the cross flow fan and the heater are arranged above the opening of the liquid storage tank; the liquid storage tank can also be a box body with a hole on the upper cover, and the cross flow fan and the heater are arranged above the upper cover of the liquid storage tank.
Coating liquid is placed in the liquid storage tank and is converted into mist-shaped coating through an ultrasonic atomizer to escape. And the atomization cabin is provided with a liquid injection port which is communicated with the liquid storage tank, so that coating liquid can be conveniently added.
The cross flow fan is positioned above the heater and blows hot air downwards to convert the atomized coating escaping from the liquid storage tank into low-temperature steam. The cross-flow fan is arranged in a fan bin at the top of the atomization cabin and is provided with an air inlet.
The top of the coating box is provided with a guide rail in the movement direction of the conveying belt, the top of the atomization cabin is provided with a slide block matched with the guide rail, the top of the coating box is also provided with a servo motor and a ball screw which are connected with each other, and the ball screw and a screw nut arranged at the top of the atomization cabin form a screw mechanism together. The coating box is provided with a drag chain, and the liquid injection hose is arranged on the drag chain and is connected with the liquid injection port on the atomization cabin.
Two sides of the conveying belt are provided with a base, the hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the base through a second bolt, and a hydraulic piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the side wall of the coating box through a first bolt; the conveyer belt is controlled by a running inching pedal switch of the conveyer belt. The frame is provided with a telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod is provided with a control platform.
The conveyor belt and the ultrasonic atomizer related to the invention are all commercial products and are well known and used in the field.
A steam coating method is characterized in that coating liquid is converted into mist coating, the mist coating is converted into steam, a workpiece is in a steam environment, and finally coating is finished through workpiece adsorption.
Atomizing the coating liquid at normal temperature to convert the coating liquid into a vaporous coating, and heating the vaporous coating so as to obtain required low-temperature steam higher than the normal temperature; (generally, steam at 100 ℃ or lower is called low-temperature steam, and steam at 100 ℃ or higher is called superheated steam and also called high-temperature high-pressure steam); the heat of the low-temperature steam is absorbed by the heat conduction workpiece, so that the temperature of the steam close to the workpiece is reduced, and a liquid film with uniform thickness is naturally formed on the surface of the workpiece; because the workpiece is in a diffused low-temperature steam environment, a liquid film with uniform thickness is naturally formed on the outer surface or the inner cavity of the workpiece.
The method is characterized in that the directional movement is generated according to tiny liquid beads in heat conduction steam, the directional movement from heat to cold is formed, the heat is automatically and orderly gathered on the surface of a workpiece with lower temperature, the heat of the steam is partially absorbed by the heat conduction workpiece, so that the temperature of the steam close to the workpiece is reduced, and according to the thermodynamic theory: the humidity of the steam is inversely proportional to the temperature, the humidity of the steam rises along with the reduction of the temperature of the steam, when the humidity of the steam rises to reach 100 percent saturation, the steam is condensed into liquid, and a liquid film with uniform thickness is naturally formed on the surface of a workpiece.
The mist coating is transformed and derived to generate low-temperature steam which is approximately saturated at the temperature of less than 50 ℃ by injecting heat energy. The coating thickness can be effectively controlled by controlling the concentration, temperature difference and heat exchange time of the workpiece and the low-temperature steam.
The phase change is three states which are ubiquitous in nature, namely a solid state, a liquid state and a gas state, and the mutual transformation of the three states is called as phase change in thermodynamics. The invention adopts a low-temperature steam mode to implement coating, so the invention is called a steam coating machine and the invention follows the phase change mode of a substance to coat.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the coating agent can quickly coat all the surfaces of various workpieces, including quickly coating the inner cavities of the workpieces; the thickness of the film coated on the surface of the workpiece is ensured to be uniform, the original appearance quality of the product is improved, and the labor efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall appearance of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the interior of the coating box according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the internal structure of an atomizing chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 3A-A;
FIG. 5 is a thermodynamic ternary phase diagram;
in the figure: 1. a console; 2. a telescopic rod; 3. a conveyor belt; 4. coating a film box; 5. a bolt; 6. a hydraulic piston rod; 7. a machine base; 8. a hydraulic cylinder; 9. a bolt; 10. the conveyer belt runs and clicks the foot switch; 11. a servo motor; 12. a liquid injection hose; 13. a guide rail; 14. a slider; 15. a lead screw nut; 16. an atomization chamber; 17. a drag chain; 18 ball screw; 19. a bearing seat; 20. a cross-flow fan; 21. a heater; 22. atomizing paint; 23. an ultrasonic atomizer; 24. coating film liquid; 25. a liquid storage tank; 26. low-temperature steam; 27. an atomizing chamber nozzle; 28. an air inlet; 29. and a liquid injection port.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A steam coating machine comprises a conveyer belt 3, a coating box 4 and an atomization cabin 16, wherein the atomization cabin 16 is arranged in the coating box 4, the bottom of the coating box is open and is buckled on the conveyer belt 3 to form a relatively closed coating space; the top of the atomization cabin 16 is provided with a cross-flow fan 20 and a heater 21, the atomization cabin 16 is a relatively closed container, a liquid storage tank 25 is arranged in the atomization cabin, an ultrasonic atomizer 23 is arranged in the liquid storage tank 25, the upper part of the liquid storage tank 25 is matched with the positions of the cross-flow fan 20 and the heater 21, and the wall of the atomization cabin 16 is provided with an atomization cabin nozzle 27.
The atomizing chamber nozzles 27 of the atomizing chamber 16 are strip nozzles and are arranged perpendicular to the moving direction of the conveyor belt 3.
The atomization cabin 16 is arranged at the top of the coating box 4 and can move back and forth along the movement direction of the conveying belt 3.
The liquid storage tank 25 in the atomization chamber 16 can be a tank body with an upward opening, and the cross flow fan 20 and the heater 21 are arranged above the opening of the liquid storage tank 25; the liquid sump 25 may be a box body having a hole in an upper cover, and the cross flow fan 20 and the heater 21 are disposed above the upper cover of the liquid sump 25.
The coating liquid 24 is placed in the liquid storage tank 25 and is converted into the mist-shaped coating 22 by the ultrasonic atomizer 23 to escape. The atomization cabin 16 is provided with a liquid injection port 29 which is communicated with the liquid storage tank 25 so as to facilitate the addition of the coating liquid 24.
The cross flow fan 20 is located above the heater 21 and blows hot air downward to convert the mist paint 22 escaping from the liquid reservoir 25 into low temperature steam 26. The cross-flow fan 20 is arranged in a fan chamber at the top of the atomization chamber 16 and is provided with an air inlet 28.
The top of the coating box 4 is provided with a guide rail 13 in the movement direction of the conveyor belt 3, the top of the atomization cabin 16 is provided with a slide block 14 matched with the guide rail 13, the top of the coating box 4 is also provided with a servo motor 11 and a ball screw 18 which are connected with each other, and the ball screw 18 and a screw nut 15 arranged at the top of the atomization cabin 16 form a screw mechanism together. The coating box 4 is provided with a drag chain 17, and the liquid injection hose 12 is arranged on the drag chain 17 and connected with a liquid injection port 29 on the atomization cabin 16.
Two sides of the conveying belt 3 are provided with a base 7, a hydraulic cylinder 8 is arranged on the base 7 through a second bolt 9, and a hydraulic piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the side wall of the coating box 4 through a first bolt 5; the conveyer belt 3 is controlled by a conveyer belt running inching pedal switch 10. The machine base 7 is provided with a telescopic rod 2, and the telescopic rod is provided with a control platform 1.
The conveyor belt and the ultrasonic atomizer related to the invention are all commercial products and are well known and used in the field.
A steam coating method is characterized in that coating liquid is converted into mist coating, the mist coating is converted into steam, a workpiece is in a steam environment, and finally coating is finished through workpiece adsorption.
Atomizing the coating liquid at normal temperature to convert the coating liquid into a vaporous coating, and heating the vaporous coating so as to obtain required low-temperature steam higher than the normal temperature; (generally, steam at 100 ℃ or lower is called low-temperature steam, and steam at 100 ℃ or higher is called superheated steam and also called high-temperature high-pressure steam); the heat of the low-temperature steam is absorbed by the heat conduction workpiece, so that the temperature of the steam close to the workpiece is reduced, and a liquid film with uniform thickness is naturally formed on the surface of the workpiece; because the workpiece is in a diffused low-temperature steam environment, a liquid film with uniform thickness is naturally formed on the outer surface or the inner cavity of the workpiece.
The method is characterized in that the directional movement is generated according to tiny liquid beads in heat conduction steam, the directional movement from heat to cold is formed, the heat is automatically and orderly gathered on the surface of a workpiece with lower temperature, the heat of the steam is partially absorbed by the heat conduction workpiece, so that the temperature of the steam close to the workpiece is reduced, and according to the thermodynamic theory: the humidity of the steam is inversely proportional to the temperature, the humidity of the steam rises along with the reduction of the temperature of the steam, when the humidity of the steam rises to reach 100 percent saturation, the steam is condensed into liquid, and a liquid film with uniform thickness is naturally formed on the surface of a workpiece.
The mist coating is transformed and derived to generate low-temperature steam which is approximately saturated at the temperature of less than 50 ℃ by injecting heat energy. The coating thickness can be effectively controlled by controlling the concentration, temperature difference and heat exchange time of the workpiece and the low-temperature steam.
The phase change is three states which are ubiquitous in nature, namely a solid state, a liquid state and a gas state, and the mutual transformation of the three states is called as phase change in thermodynamics. The invention adopts a low-temperature steam mode to implement coating, so the invention is called a steam coating machine and the invention follows the phase change mode of a substance to coat.
The coating liquid of the embodiment is a photocatalyst coating, and the specific implementation contents are as follows:
usually, the aqueous solution is heated to the boiling point under normal pressure to vaporize the aqueous solution to form steam, and the photocatalyst coating is also a solution containing a large amount of water, but since the photocatalyst coating becomes thick when heated to 70 ℃ or higher and cannot be vaporized, and the coating material in the aqueous solution does not evaporate with the water vapor, the coating vapor cannot be obtained by the method of heating the photocatalyst coating. The steam coating machine of the invention atomizes the coating liquid at normal temperature, and heats the atomized gas to obtain the required low-temperature steam (generally, the water steam below 100 ℃ is called as low-temperature steam, and the steam above 100 ℃ is called as superheated steam and also called as high-temperature high-pressure steam) higher than normal temperature.
The preparation method of the low-temperature steam comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the low-temperature steam comprises the following steps: firstly, an atomizing chamber 16 which is a relatively closed container and is a film coating machine is adopted, an air inlet is arranged at the top of the atomizing chamber, and a cross-flow fan 20 and a heater 21 are arranged at the air inlet. Secondly, the cross-flow fan 20 is used for enabling air to pass through a plurality of fins of the heater 21, the air can be heated instantly, and the heating temperature can be controlled within a required range by controlling the current of the heater. Thirdly, a liquid storage tank 25 for containing liquid coating is arranged at the bottom in the atomization cabin, an ultrasonic atomizer 23 is arranged at the bottom of the liquid storage tank 25, a certain amount of coating liquid is injected into the liquid storage tank 25, the coating liquid is vibrated strongly at high frequency by the ultrasonic atomizer, a liquid film can be broken to break up liquid intermolecular molecular bonds to form tiny liquid beads, the tiny liquid beads are continuously thrown out, the tiny liquid beads are suspended in the air when the upward buoyancy generated by upward airflow in the air and the weight of the tiny liquid beads are balanced to form thick and foggy coating 22, the atomized tiny foggy coating liquid beads are mixed with hot air, the tiny liquid beads are heated, and then phase change is carried out to low-temperature steam 26, and the low-temperature steam is sprayed out from a bottom atomization cabin nozzle 27 under the pressure action of an inertial flow fan of about 10 KPa.
The film coating mode is as follows:
it is characterized by that it does not utilize 10KPa pressure intensity to implement coating film-plating, but adopts phase-change mode to coat film-plating, and the goal of heating atomized coating material is that it utilizes phase-change theory to inject heat energy into atomized coating liquid to make its phase-change derivative to produce approximately saturated gaseous particles whose temp. is lower than 50 deg.C, and the gaseous particles obtain heat quantity and produce a certain quantity of temperature difference with workpiece whose temp. is lower, and the heated molecules in the steam are intensified to make them move from heat to cold, so that the steam can produce strong convection and can be collected on the surface of workpiece whose temp. is lower, and the heat quantity of steam can be absorbed by heat-conducting workpiece, so that the gaseous particles collected near the surface of workpiece can be reduced in temp. and can be coagulated to form liquid-phase coating film on the surface of workpiece, according to the thermodynamic theory: the humidity of steam is inversely proportional to the temperature, the steam humidity rises along with the reduction of the steam temperature, when the steam humidity rises to reach 100% saturation, the steam is condensed into liquid to naturally form a liquid film with uniform thickness and no dead angle, the steam coating machine has the characteristics of energy conservation and environmental protection in a unique mode, a large coating area and an excellent coating effect can be achieved by using a small amount of coating liquid, and the technology solves the problem of ultrathin coating with the same thickness and controllable thickness on each surface and inner cavity of a multi-curved-surface complex object.
The basic structure of the embodiment:
the steam coating machine mainly comprises an upper part and a lower part, wherein the upper part of the machine is as follows: is provided with a control platform and a coating box; the console mainly comprises an S7-200PLC programmable controller, a CPU600MHZ 1024X 600 touch screen, a control module, a drive module and the like; the coating box is the core of a steam coating machine, an atomization cabin is arranged in the coating box, a multi-head combined ultrasonic atomizer, a PTC heater, an inertial flow fan and the like are arranged in the cabin, a guide rail is arranged at the top in the coating box, and the atomization cabin can move in the coating box along the guide rail through the driving of a motor; the lower part of the steam coating machine is provided with a coating platform, and a conveying transmission mechanism is arranged on the platform and can convey workpieces into a coating box; a hydraulic pump station, a hydraulic cylinder, a power distribution cabinet and the like are arranged below the platform, and the film coating box can vertically rise and fall through a hydraulic system.
The assembly control platform 1 is a complete machine operation control system, the system is composed of a PLC programmable controller, a touch screen, a control module, a driving module and the like, the system has the functions of field operation and remote control, and relevant information of a coating process can be processed through the control platform. The console 1 is assembled with the upper end of the telescopic rod 2 through an assembling screw hole in a threaded manner, and the lower end of the console is fixedly connected with the base 7 through a connecting piece, so that the height-adjustable and angle-adjustable multi-view console is formed. Conveyer belt 3 is also the coating film platform, and the conveyer belt passes through motor drive and will treat that the coating film substrate loads into the coating film position, and coating film case 4 is semi-closed bottomless box, is provided with in the box: the atomizing cabin, be equipped with two guide rails and two sliders between coating case and the atomizing cabin, guide rail 13 is fixed with coating case 4 top, slider 14 is fixed with 16 predetermined slider positions in atomizing cabin, between two sliders in atomizing cabin, set up assembly screw nut 15, ball 18 and screw nut 15 are assembled, 18 one end of ball and coating case one side bearing frame 19 assemblies, the other end passes through the shaft coupling and joins in marriage with 11 output shafts of servo motor, servo motor 11 and coating box 4 assemblies, when servo motor operation, the atomizing cabin can be moved along the guide rail in the coating case through screw nut mechanism and is implemented to sweep and spout.
Atomizing cabin: the atomization cabin is a symmetrical open-close shell, and the shell is internally and externally provided with clamping grooves, clamping positions and mounting screw holes of all parts connected with the shell. The atomization cabin is internally provided with a spray nozzle; the cross-flow fan 20, the heater 21, the liquid storage tank 25, the ultrasonic atomizer 23 arranged at the bottom in the liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank (without a cover) is filled with the coating liquid 24, the liquid level depth is controlled to be 50-60mm (namely, the lower limit is 50mm, and the upper limit is 60 mm), the coating liquid is supplied by an external liquid supply pump through the liquid injection hose 12, the drag chain 17 and the liquid injection port 29, and the drag chain 17 is a power line, a data line and a liquid injection hose follow-up wiring harness groove of the atomization cabin unit.
The working process of the steam coating machine is as follows:
when the cross-flow fan 20, the ultrasonic atomizer 23 and the heater 21 are sequentially electrified to start in work, normal-temperature air enters from an air inlet of the cross-flow fan 28 and is pressurized to 10KPa through a turbofan; the gas stream passes through a heater 21 and heats it to a temperature of 50 ℃ or higher. The ultrasonic atomizer 23 emits ultrasonic waves to vibrate part of the liquid into a thick fog shape 22, the liquid gushes out from the liquid storage tank 25 to be mixed with the impinging hot air to form low-temperature steam 26, and the low-temperature steam is sprayed out from the strip-shaped nozzle 27 of the atomization cabin under the pressure of 10 KPa. The atomization cabin 16 is driven by the servo motor 11 to transversely sweep and spray in the coating box. When the liquid level of the coating liquid is lower than the lower limit value in the working process, the system sends a liquid supplementing instruction, the external liquid supply pump starts the coating liquid to enter the liquid storage tank through the hose and the liquid injection port 29, the liquid level reaches the upper limit value, and the liquid supply pump stops supplementing the liquid.
And (3) operation:
starting up for the first time after power failure: the system enters a self-checking program by pressing a running key, automatically searches the positions of the coating box and the atomizing cabin, the working conditions of each sensor and relevant information, and because the factors influencing the coating thickness are as follows: the concentration of the coating liquid, the size of the atomization amount, the temperature of low-temperature steam, the surface temperature of a base material, the flow of a fan and the like are preset and controlled by a supplier, and other parameters are automatically adjusted by an intelligent control system. The coating quality can be directly influenced by the temperature of the environment, so that the working current and voltage of the heater and the ultrasonic atomizer can be set by the system according to the real-time data of the temperature of the environment and the surface of the workpiece, the density, namely the humidity and the temperature, of steam in the atomizing cabin is in the optimal proportion, namely the minimum heating quantity, and the shortest condensation time is realized to reach the dew point temperature. After self-checking, a hydraulic pump station is started, a four-cylinder linkage hydraulic piston rod jacks up a coating box, a system automatically conveys a substrate (workpiece) to be coated to the position governed by the coating box through a conveying belt, the coating box automatically falls back to a coating platform, the coating box and the conveying belt are pressed to form a relatively closed space (the coated substrate is positioned in the coating box), then an ultrasonic atomizer, a fan and a heater work to convert coating liquid into gas particles, the gas particles are continuously moved and sprayed out through a strip-shaped nozzle of an atomizing cabin by a sweeping and spraying mechanism and are fully distributed in the coating box, the steam gas particles are pushed by strong convection to generate directional movement and automatically and orderly gather on the surface of the workpiece with lower temperature, the workpiece absorbs partial heat in steam, so that the temperature close to the steam of the workpiece is reduced, the steam humidity is increased, and the steam is condensed into liquid to be attached to the surface of the workpiece when the steam humidity reaches 100 percent, and forming a coating film with uniform thickness and no dead angle.
The total antibacterial rate of the antibacterial product manufactured by the invention is 99%.
Design concept and technology support:
the machine adopts a method for obtaining specific saturated steam by low-energy-consumption micro-heat, and embodies the design concept of low carbon. Secondly, the machine does not need a high-pressure air source, so that the influence of noise generated by an air source air pump on the environment is avoided. The coating box and the coating platform are pressed to form a relatively closed box, the internal fan generates 10KPa pressure, the pressure in the coating box is equal to the external pressure due to internal circulation, and the coating gas cannot leak so as to avoid leakage, overflow and drip leakage, thereby achieving the grade of an environment-friendly product. The invention of vapor coating makes up the defects of the traditional spray coating and creates a method for obtaining specific saturated vapor with low energy consumption.
The ultrasonic atomizer is a commercial product, the core component is piezoelectric ceramic, the piezoelectric ceramic generates ultrasonic energy under the drive of a high-frequency power supply, the ultrasonic energy is concentrated and amplified in a sound pressure mode, the energy can break a liquid film to break up liquid intermolecular molecular bonds to form tiny liquid beads and continuously throw out the tiny liquid beads, the tiny liquid beads are suspended in the air to form dense fog when upward buoyancy generated by upward airflow in the air is balanced with the weight of the tiny liquid beads, the ultrasonic atomization is about 70 percent energy-saving compared with spray atomization, and zero emission and zero pollution are achieved. The tiny liquid beads obtained by ultrasonic atomization are similar to spheres, the area of each sphere is S =4 pi r, so that the area of the tiny liquid beads in dense fog is much larger than the area of liquid condensed into the same mass, and when hot air is mixed with vibrating mist, a plurality of liquid drops (film coating liquid) can simultaneously obtain heat to realize rapid temperature rise.
Referring to FIG. 5, a thermodynamic ternary phase diagram: all substances in the nature have three states, namely solid, liquid and gaseous, which are all related to temperature and pressure, when the conditions in the substances are changed, the states of the substances are changed, the change is called phase change, and since the states of the substances can be mutually converted, a phase change triangle is commonly used in thermodynamics to represent the conversion of the three states of the substances, wherein the vertex A of the triangle is in a pure liquid state; b is pure gas; c is a pure solid state, a phase change triangle summarizes the law of material phase change, when the pure liquid substance at the point A obtains heat, the pure liquid substance is evaporated and phase-changed into a gaseous substance B, and similarly, the gaseous substance B loses heat and is condensed into the liquid substance A, so that the ultrasonic atomized micro liquid drops are still liquid before being mixed with hot air, after the hot air is mixed with the hot air, the heat can penetrate through the gap of the liquid drops to wrap and heat each liquid drop from all directions, the liquid drops obtain heat and then are evaporated and phase-changed into steam, and when the steam with a certain amount of humidity meets cold or meets the cold object, the steam can be condensed into liquid (forms liquid state) on the surface of the cold object. According to the Kerberon equation: thermodynamics refers to the temperature at which a gas begins to phase change to a liquid at a particular temperature in a state of humidity as the dew point temperature, and the actual dew point temperature can also be interpreted as: the humidity is the concentration of liquid molecules in the air, the humidity is inversely proportional to the temperature, the humidity is increased when the temperature is reduced, the steam enters a saturated state when the humidity is increased to 100 percent, the steam begins to be condensed into liquid under the concentration, and the temperature of the steam is the dew point temperature. One can easily calculate the dew point temperature by the relationship between the air humidity and the temperature, and can also determine the dew point temperature of each relative humidity gas by the psychrometric chart, wherein the table 1 shows the dew point temperature by calculating the listed parts:
TABLE 1 dew point temperature of partial relative humidity gas between 20-50 deg.C
In order to realize rapid coating, the steam coating machine system can adjust the steam humidity and the steam temperature of the coating according to the surface temperature of the workpiece in real time so as to rapidly reach the dew point temperature, for example: firstly, the system monitors that the surface temperature of a workpiece is 25 ℃ and the steam humidity is 40%; the calculation shows that the steam temperature should be controlled to be above 42.33 ℃, 41.33 ℃ is the dew point temperature, the dew point temperature is 41.33 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be 42.33 ℃, namely the purpose of controlling the steam humidity to be lower than the saturated humidity is to only ensure that the temperature is reduced to 41.33 ℃ (the dew point temperature) and condensed into liquid after the steam accumulated on the surface of the workpiece loses heat through heat transfer, so the steam temperature is 1-2 ℃ higher than the dew point temperature. For example, the system monitors the workpiece temperature to be 25 ℃, and the steam humidity is 70%; calculating to obtain the temperature of the steam to be above 32.13 ℃ and the temperature of 31.13 ℃ as the dew point temperature; thirdly, the surface temperature of the workpiece is monitored to be 18 ℃ and the steam humidity is 80 percent by the system; the steam temperature is controlled to be above 22.6 ℃ by calculation, 21.6 ℃ is dew point temperature, and the actual steam humidity is kept between 90 and 95 percent when the steam coating machine works so as to shorten the coating time.
The steam coating machine has the characteristics of energy conservation and environmental protection in a unique mode, can achieve a larger coating area and an excellent coating effect by using a small amount of coating liquid, and solves the problem of ultrathin coating with equal thickness and controllable thickness on each surface and inner cavity of a multi-curved-surface complex object.
Claims (8)
1. A steam coating machine is characterized in that: the coating machine comprises a conveying belt (3), a coating box (4) and an atomization cabin (16), wherein the atomization cabin (16) is arranged in the coating box (4), the bottom of the coating box is open and is buckled on the conveying belt (3) to form a relatively closed coating space; the top of the atomization cabin (16) is provided with a cross-flow fan (20) and a heater (21), the atomization cabin (16) is a relatively closed container, a liquid storage tank (25) is arranged in the atomization cabin, an ultrasonic atomizer (23) is arranged in the liquid storage tank (25), the upper part of the liquid storage tank (25) is matched with the positions of the cross-flow fan (20) and the heater (21), and the wall of the atomization cabin (16) is provided with an atomization cabin nozzle (27); the top of the coating box (4) is provided with a guide rail (13) in the movement direction of the conveyor belt (3), the top of the atomizing chamber (16) is provided with a slide block (14) matched with the guide rail (13), the top of the coating box (4) is also provided with a servo motor (11) and a ball screw (18) which are connected with each other, and the ball screw (18) and a screw nut (15) arranged at the top of the atomizing chamber (16) form a screw mechanism together; a drag chain (17) is arranged on the coating box (4), and a liquid injection hose (12) is arranged on the drag chain (17) and is connected with a liquid injection port (29) on the atomization cabin (16); on conveyer belt (3) both sides were equipped with frame (7), pneumatic cylinder (8) set up on frame (7) through bolt two (9), and the hydraulic piston rod of pneumatic cylinder passes through bolt one (5) to be connected on coating case (4) lateral wall.
2. The vapor coater of claim 1, wherein: the atomizing cabin nozzles (27) of the atomizing cabin (16) are strip-shaped nozzles and are arranged perpendicular to the moving direction of the conveying belt (3).
3. A vapour coating machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that: the atomization cabin (16) is arranged at the top of the coating box (4) and can move back and forth along the movement direction of the conveying belt (3).
4. The vapor coater of claim 1, wherein: a liquid storage tank (25) in the atomization cabin (16) is a tank body with an upward opening, and the cross flow fan (20) and the heater (21) are arranged above the opening of the liquid storage tank (25); or the liquid storage tank (25) is a box body with a hole on the upper cover, and the cross flow fan (20) and the heater (21) are arranged above the upper cover of the liquid storage tank (25).
5. A vapour coating machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that: coating liquid (24) is placed in the liquid storage tank (25) and is converted into mist-shaped coating (22) through the ultrasonic atomizer (23) to escape; and the atomizing cabin (16) is provided with a liquid injection port (29) which is communicated with the liquid storage tank (25) so as to facilitate the addition of the coating liquid (24).
6. A vapour coating machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that: the cross flow fan (20) is positioned above the heater (21) and blows hot air downwards to convert the atomized coating (22) escaping from the liquid storage tank (25) into low-temperature steam (26); the cross-flow fan (20) is arranged in a fan bin at the top of the atomization cabin (16) and is provided with an air inlet (28).
7. A vapor deposition method using the vapor deposition machine as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: and converting the coating liquid into a mist coating, converting the mist coating into steam, enabling the workpiece to be in a steam environment, and finally finishing coating through workpiece adsorption.
8. The vapor deposition method of claim 7, wherein: atomizing the coating liquid at normal temperature to convert the coating liquid into a vaporous coating, and heating the vaporous coating so as to obtain required low-temperature steam higher than the normal temperature; the heat of the low-temperature steam is absorbed by the heat conduction workpiece, so that the temperature of the steam close to the workpiece is reduced, and a liquid film with uniform thickness is naturally formed on the surface of the workpiece; because the workpiece is in a diffused low-temperature steam environment, a liquid film with uniform thickness is naturally formed on the outer surface or the inner cavity of the workpiece.
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| CN115228703A (en) * | 2022-07-30 | 2022-10-25 | 东莞市全好新材料技术有限公司 | Nano material coating process for oil cooler |
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