CN112154080B - 用于向采矿车辆供应电能的系统和方法以及采矿车辆 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于向采矿车辆供应电能的系统和方法以及一种采矿车辆。在所提出的解决方案中,使用包括具有一定的总电压的双极LVDC电源的系统将电能供应到采矿车辆。所述采矿车辆包括至少第一能量单元和第二能量单元。所述第一能量单元连接到所述一定的总电压的一部分,并且所述第二能量单元连接到所述一定的总电压的另一部分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于向采矿车辆供应电能的系统和方法以及一种采矿车辆。
背景技术
地下采矿车辆在它们的使用期间需要大功率。如果使用电能来供应采矿车辆,则部件的电压电平不应很高,因为例如高电压电平需要大的间隙和绝缘。这导致了大型、复杂且昂贵的部件。但是,通常,采矿车辆应尽可能紧凑。另一方面,较低的电压电平会导致系统中的电流上升。大电流例如在供电系统和采矿车辆中需要粗导体,从而升高了成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新的系统、方法和采矿车辆。本发明的特征在于独立权利要求中所述的内容。在从属权利要求中公开了本发明的一些实施例。
在所提出的解决方案中,使用包括具有一定的总电压的双极LVDC电源的系统将电能供应到采矿车辆。采矿车辆包括至少第一能量单元和第二能量单元。第一能量单元被连接到所述一定的总电压的一部分,并且第二能量单元被连接到所述一定的总电压的另一部分。从而,第一能量单元和第二能量单元的部件需要承受仅是总电压的一部分的电压电平。但是,双极LVDC电源将总电压上的功率供应到采矿车辆,由此尽管电流适中,但所供应的功率仍可以较高。
根据一实施例,双极LVDC电源包括正极(positive pole)和负极(negative pole)以及处在正极与负极之间的中性点。第一能量单元可以被连接在正极与中性点之间,并且第二能量单元可以被连接在负极与中性点之间。从而,电压平衡在采矿车辆中是可靠的。
根据另一实施例,双极LVDC电源包括串联连接的第一转换器和第二转换器。转换器可以用于在采矿车辆的两个半部中保持电压平衡。可以将中性点布置在第一转换器与第二转换器之间。
根据另一实施例,第一能量单元和第二能量单元包括采矿车辆的牵引电机。
根据另一实施例,第一能量单元和第二能量单元包括电池,并且采矿车辆包括连接装置和控制单元。控制单元可以布置用以在驱动模式下将电池并联连接,并且布置用以在充电模式下将电池串联连接。在驱动模式下,并联连接意味着车辆DC总线和车辆中的部件所需的电压电平相当低。在充电模式下,供应更高的充电电压。这允许使用简单且便宜的插头插座连接以及较小且较轻的电缆来进行大功率快速充电。
附图说明
下面将参考附图借助于实施例更详细地描述本发明,在附图中
图1是采矿车辆的电气系统的示意图;
图2是示出了如何连接采矿车辆的电池的示意图;
图3是采矿车辆的另一电气系统的示意图;以及
图4是如何连接采矿车辆的电池的另一实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了采矿车辆的电气系统的示意图。例如,采矿车辆可以是自卸车、LHD(载重运输自卸车)、地下采矿卡车或钻机。
附图标记1示出了双极LVDC(低电压直流)电源。在图1所示的实施例中,双极LVDC电源的总电压为1500V。但是,总电压可以低于或高于此,诸如400V、800V、1000V或5kV。但是,1500V或以下的电压电平是有利的,因为例如根据IEC规则和欧盟指令2014/35/EU(即,低电压指令),这种电压电平仍被视为低电压。更高的电压将导致要求具有更大的间隙等,从而导致更大、复杂且昂贵的部件。
采矿车辆包括连接器2a和2b,以用于将采矿车辆连接到双极LVDC电源1。例如,连接器2a和2b可以是将采矿车辆连接到架线线路(trolley line)的架线连接件。此外,例如,连接器2a和2b可以是充电装置的充电连接器/耦合器。连接器2a和2b可以是单独的连接器或被连接到相同的充电连接器/耦合器。
附图标记3a、3b和3c示出了采矿车辆的DC总线。3a是正极母线,3b是负极母线,并且3c是中性或0V母线。双极LVDC电源的总电压被分压为两个基本上相等的半部。因此,例如,如果双极LVDC电源的总电压为1500V,则在采矿车辆中,总电压被分开为两个半部,以包括+750V、0V和-750V电平。
采矿车辆包括第一牵引电池4a和第二牵引电池4b。当在不接通外部电源(例如,因此在架线线路之外)的情况下使用采矿车辆时,牵引电池4a和4b可以用作电源。
为了将牵引电池4a、4b连接到采矿车辆的DC总线,可以使用DC/DC转换器5a、5b。第一牵引电池4a连接到总电压的第一部分,并且第二牵引电池4b连接到总电压的另一部分。
DC/DC转换器5a、5b对于将牵引电池4a、4b连接到采矿车辆的DC总线不是必需的。在使用外部充电器(例如,充电器本身控制其电压)的情况下,则是这种情况。
采矿车辆还包括第一牵引电机6a和第二牵引电机6b。采矿车辆可以包括两个单独的牵引电机驱动器,即,每个车轴一个牵引电机驱动器。该两个牵引电机驱动器也可以连接在一起形成一个累加传动装置(summation gear)。
第一牵引电机6a连接到总电压的所述第一部分,并且第二牵引电机6b连接到总电压的所述另一部分。牵引电机6a和6b通过逆变器7a和7b连接到采矿车辆的DC总线。
根据一实施例,采矿车辆可以包括多个轮毂电机,即,多个牵引电机。每个车轮可以包括轮毂电机。在这种情况下,例如,四轮采矿车辆包括四个轮毂电机或牵引电机。如果采矿车辆包括多于四个车轮,则采矿车辆也可以包括多于四个轮毂电机。采矿车辆还可以包括奇数数目的轮毂电机。在采矿车辆中,连接到双极LVDC电源的所述一定的总电压的一部分的第一能量单元可以包括一个或多个牵引电机(例如轮毂电机),并且连接到双极LVDC电源的所述一定的总电压的另一部分的第二能量单元可以包括一个或多个牵引电机(例如轮毂电机)。
采矿车辆还包括第一制动电阻器8a和第二制动电阻器8b。制动电阻器8a和8b可以连接到逆变器7a和7b的DC侧。
在两个半部中保持电压平衡是有利的。当采矿车辆与LVDC电源断开连接并且从电池供应能量时,牵引电机6a和6b可能同时承受不同的负载,这可能会导致DC总线中的电压不平衡。通过将DC/DC转换器5a和5b连接到每个DC总线半部并对电池4a和4b进行充电或放电,可以防止或减小该电压不平衡。
此外,制动电阻器8a和8b可以切换到每个DC总线半部,以保持电压对称性。制动电阻器8a和8b尤其可以用于在下坡行驶期间保持电压对称性。
图2示出了如何连接采矿车辆的电池的示意图。采矿车辆的电气系统可以包括两个或更多个偶数数量的电池。在采矿车辆的驱动模式下,电池并联连接。在采矿车辆的充电模式下,电池串联连接。
接通器K1、K2、K4、K5、K6、K7和K8是用于提供并联连接和串联连接的连接装置。接通器K1是正极充电接通器,并且接通器K2是负极充电接通器。接通器K4和K6用于为母线充电的正极断开。接通器K5和K7用于为母线充电的负极断开。接通器K8是用于为母线充电的中性极连接装置。
控制单元9控制这些接通器。用于使用的电池能量来自图2中所示的驱动模式输出9。
参考图2,当电池并联连接时,充电接通器K1、K2打开(不接通),接通器K4、K5、K6和K7闭合(接通),并且K8打开(不接通)。
为了使电池准备好用于双极充电,接通器K4、K5、K6和K7打开(断开接通),然后接通器K8闭合(进行接通)。当开始充电时,接通器K1和K2闭合(进行接通)。
应当注意的是,电池的双极充电不一定需要来自充电系统的中性点连接,这是因为电池通常是并联连接的并且共享相同的SOC和电压。中性点N固有地处于0V。
图3示出了类似于图1中所示的解决方案,但具有与电压平衡相关的改进。除了正极连接器2a和负极连接器2b之外,采矿车辆还包括中性点连接器2c。中性点连接器2c将双极LVDC电源1的中心线或0V或中性点连接到采矿车辆。
例如,特别是如果采矿车辆包括奇数数目的牵引电机,则在LVDC电源中使用中性点时的经改进的电压平衡是有利的。可以使用制动电阻器8a、8b和/或DC/DC转换器5a、5b来执行进一步的平衡。
双极LVDC电源1由电网11供电。双极LVDC电源1可以包括变压器12。在图3中,变压器12包括两个次级绕组12a、12b。根据一实施例,变压器12的次级绕组的数目是一个。根据另一实施例,变压器12的次级绕组的数目大于两个。
双极LVDC电源1还包括第一转换器13a和第二转换器13b。第一转换器13a和第二转换器13b串联连接,由此中性点布置在第一转换器与第二转换器之间。从而,有效地平衡了采矿车辆的中心线,并因此将电压平衡维持在高电平。
代替串联的转换器,如图3中所示,也可以使用一个转换器来提供具有中性点的双极LVDC电源。在这种情况下,例如,转换器可以是三电平NPC(中性点箝位)逆变器。
图4示出了一种解决方案,其中与电压平衡相关的改进以类似于图3中的解决方案的方式实现。除了正极充电接通器K1和负极充电接通器K2之外,采矿车辆还包括中性极充电接通器K3。
在图2中所示的解决方案中,电池4a和4b中的不同电压电平将导致电池之间的点不是中性的(0V)。但是,例如,图4中所示的解决方案提供了电压平衡,从而保护了充电器本身。
根据一实施例,采矿车辆可以包括三电平NPC逆变器或用于驱动具有较高电压电平的电机的任何其它多电平逆变器。这种电机可以被连接在正极与负极之间并且也可能地是被连接到中性极。
因此,例如,可以使用三电平NPC逆变器通过中性连接件将能量单元连接在正极与负极之间。如果这种能量单元本身是双极的并且包括中性点或者它包括串联连接的部件,电压在这些串联连接的部件上自然地分压,则该能量单元的所述部件仅需要承受较低的电压。因此,被连接到所述一定的总电压的一部分的能量单元可以包括牵引电机和/或电池和/或任何其它电气部件。
对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,随着技术的发展,可以以各种方式来实现本发明的构思。本发明及其实施例不限于上述示例,而是可以在权利要求书的范围内变化。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于向采矿车辆供应电能的系统,所述系统包括:双极LVDC电源以及所述采矿车辆,所述双极LVDC电源具有一定的总电压,并且所述双极LVDC电源包括正极和负极以及处在所述正极与所述负极之间的中性点,由此所述总电压被分压为两个基本上相等的半部,所述采矿车辆包括至少第一能量单元和第二能量单元,所述第一能量单元被连接在所述正极与所述中性点之间,并且所述第二能量单元被连接在所述负极与所述中性点之间,
其特征在于,
所述双极LVDC电源还包括串联连接的第一转换器和第二转换器,由此所述中性点布置在所述第一转换器与所述第二转换器之间,以在所述两个半部中保持电压平衡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述第一能量单元和所述第二能量单元包括所述采矿车辆的牵引电机。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统,其中,所述第一能量单元和所述第二能量单元包括电池,所述采矿车辆包括连接装置和控制单元,所述控制单元被布置用以在驱动模式下将所述电池并联连接,并且被布置用以在充电模式下将所述电池串联连接。
4.一种向采矿车辆供应电能的方法,所述采矿车辆包括至少第一能量单元和第二能量单元,所述方法包括:从具有一定的总电压的双极LVDC电源向所述采矿车辆供应电能,并且所述双极LVDC电源包括正极和负极以及处在所述正极与所述负极之间的中性点,由此所述总电压被分压为两个基本上相等的半部;将所述第一能量单元连接到所述一定的总电压的一部分;以及将所述第二能量单元连接到所述一定的总电压的另一部分,其中所述第一能量单元被连接在所述双极LVDC电源的正极与所述双极LVDC电源的所述中性点之间,并且所述第二能量单元被连接在所述双极LVDC电源的负极与所述中性点之间,
其特征在于,通过将第一转换器和第二转换器串联连接并将所述中性点布置在所述第一转换器与所述第二转换器之间以在所述两个半部中保持电压平衡,形成所述双极LVDC电源。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述第一能量单元和所述第二能量单元包括所述采矿车辆的牵引电机。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的方法,其中,所述第一能量单元和所述第二能量单元包括电池,并且所述电池在驱动模式下并联连接,并且所述电池在充电模式下串联连接。
7.一种采矿车辆,包括至少第一能量单元、第二能量单元和连接装置,所述连接装置用于将所述第一能量单元和所述第二能量单元连接到双极LVDC电源,所述双极LVDC电源包括正极和负极以及处在所述正极与所述负极之间的中性点,由此总电压被分压为两个基本上相等的半部,从而所述第一能量单元被连接到所述一定的总电压的一个半部,并且所述第二能量单元被连接到所述双极LVDC电源的所述一定的总电压的另一半部,
其特征在于,
所述双极LVDC电源还包括串联连接的第一转换器和第二转换器,由此所述中性点布置在所述第一转换器与所述第二转换器之间,以在所述两个半部中保持电压平衡。
8.根据权利要求7所述的采矿车辆,其中,所述连接装置包括正极连接器、中性点连接器和负极连接器,以用于将所述第一能量单元连接在所述正极与所述中性点之间,并且将所述第二能量单元连接在所述负极与所述中性点之间。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的采矿车辆,其中,所述第一能量单元和所述第二能量单元包括所述采矿车辆的牵引电机。
10.根据权利要求7至9中的任一项所述的采矿车辆,其中,所述第一能量单元和所述第二能量单元包括电池,所述采矿车辆包括连接装置和控制单元,所述控制单元被布置用以在驱动模式下将所述电池并联连接,并且被布置用以在充电模式下将所述电池串联连接。
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