CN112149162A - Watershed hydrology and water environment data safety sharing transaction system based on block chain - Google Patents
Watershed hydrology and water environment data safety sharing transaction system based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/60—Protecting data
- G06F21/604—Tools and structures for managing or administering access control systems
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a safe sharing transaction system for watershed hydrological and water environment data based on a block chain. The authentication center performs identity authentication on the data provider and the demander, registers corresponding accounts on the block chain platform after the authentication is passed, and aims at corresponding security permissions of different users. The data provider uploads the own data, the catalogue, the price and the like thereof in the application system and stores the data in the block chain platform; the data demander initiates data query and download request in the application system, and can access the data catalog in the block chain after judging that the access authority accords with the block chain intelligent contract, and download the relevant data and pay according to the requirement. And after the data of the data provider is judged to be qualified in quality and not involved in secret through the block chain intelligent contract, the trading authority is automatically distributed, and the data supplier and demander can execute the trade after the trade is matched with the trade. Data upload and download, virtual currency rewards and payouts are all recorded on the blockchain platform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data sharing, in particular to data sharing transaction of water conservancy and water environment, and specifically relates to a safe data sharing transaction system of watershed hydrology and water environment based on a block chain.
Background
At present, hydrology and water environment related information of various watersheds and provinces in China is stored digitally step by step, but due to the restriction of factors such as policies and expenses, established databases are discrete systems, mutual information sharing is extremely insufficient, and technical support of cross-region, cross-department and cross-industry data sharing is lacking. The method mainly has the following problems that (1) barriers between various industries and departments still exist, and the sharing will is insufficient due to the imperfect data sharing incentive mechanism. (2) The safe area boundary division is not clear and reasonable, the application system is deployed separately and independently, and centralized management is not available. (3) The single point of failure problem is prominent, and once a single device failure occurs, the single device failure can cause the interruption of the system and the application, thereby directly influencing the normally open state. (4) Professional auditing measures are lacking. The existing information and network architecture lacks effective security audit measures and means, and event positioning and tracking evidence obtaining cannot be carried out when a security event is caused by misoperation, external malicious damage or partial attack in a system. (5) New threats in big data environments. Network security in big data environments may face new security threats: first, in an open networked society, the amount of big data is large and related to each other, which is easy to attract hackers, and once attacked, the amount of stolen data is also large; secondly, the big data can become a sustainable attack carrier, and malicious software and virus codes hidden in the big data are difficult to discover, so that the purpose of long-term attack is achieved; thirdly, while value information is acquired by using big data technologies such as data mining and data analysis, attackers also use the big data technologies to attack.
Through search, the Chinese special benefit of the publication number CN109040012A in 2018, 12 and 18 discloses a data security protection and sharing method based on a block chain, which comprises the following steps: each party sends identity authentication information and a secret key; packaging and uploading summary information and hash values of original data to a block chain system; the packaging node packages all summary information and hash values received in a time period into blocks according to a certain sequence and sends the blocks to the consensus node; the result of the consensus is broadcasted in the whole network after the consensus is efficiently achieved according to the RPBFT protocol; recording the block into an account book according to the consensus result; associating different access control protocols with the blocks; the user can access the account book after being authorized by the access control protocol, the data abstract and the original information storage position recorded in the account book are obtained by using the quick retrieval function, and the user accesses the original information storage database to obtain the original data. The patent application can resist the tampering of malicious nodes, but a good sharing incentive mechanism and a transaction platform are not provided, and the owner of the hydrological and water environment data cannot be prompted to actively share data and transact the data.
The special benefit for china with publication number CN109729168A, 2019, 5, month and 7, discloses a data sharing and exchanging system and method based on a block chain, and the system comprises a data sharing and exchanging center, a front-end system and a block chain basic platform. The data sharing exchange center comprises a data sharing exchange control system, a data resource center and a client; the front-end system comprises a data acquisition system, a sharing exchange module and a feedback module; the block chain foundation platform comprises a alliance chain module and a data sharing exchange management module, wherein the alliance chain module is responsible for configuring the credibility of intelligent contracts and verification nodes and verifying the intelligent contracts generated in the data sharing exchange process, and the data sharing exchange center is communicated with the front-end systems and all the front-end systems in an alliance chain mode. The patent application solves the credit problem and the incentive problem of data sharing exchange in a multi-party participation environment, but whether the data of the transaction is complete or not is not judged if the data meets the transaction condition, so that the data which does not meet the transaction condition can participate in the transaction, and particularly in the application field of the hydrologic water environment, the data of a sensitive area is traded before being evaluated without trading, so that serious consequences can be caused.
Therefore, a safe watershed hydrological and water environment data sharing transaction system based on a block chain is needed, which can stimulate sharing and transaction of watershed hydrological and water environment data and ensure legal compliance of transaction data.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a safe sharing and trading system for the hydrologic and water environment data of the drainage basin based on the block chain, which can stimulate the sharing and trading of the hydrologic and water environment data of the drainage basin, effectively solve the problems of 'data islands' and single-point faults and the like of the hydrologic and water environment in the drainage basin, and greatly improve the utilization benefits of the related data.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
watershed hydrology and water environment data safety sharing transaction system based on block chain includes: the authentication center is used for identity authentication and authority control of the data provider and the data demander; the block chain platform is used for data resource and transaction log storage, data quality and confidentiality auditing, data safety transmission and data transaction; the application system is used for user registration, data uploading, inquiring, downloading and analyzing; the data provider and the data demander perform data interaction with the authentication center and the block chain platform through the application system; the data provider uploads the own hydrological or water environment data, catalogue and price to the block chain platform, the data demand direction sends inquiry and download requests to the block chain platform intelligent contract, the intelligent contract verifies the data transaction authority and matching performance, the demand party pays and downloads the required data after the verification is passed, and the transaction process is recorded on the block chain platform.
In the technical scheme, the data provider and the data demander fill in the related identity information through the application system and initiate a registration request. And the application system sends the registration request to an authentication center, the authentication center audits the identity information of the registrant, feeds back an audit result and sets application permission to the application system after the audit is qualified, and writes the identity information and the permission into the block chain platform for storage. And the application system receives the feedback to the registrant to distribute the account. The data provider can upload own hydrological and water environment data through the application system and fill in a data directory and a price, and the application system sends the information to the block chain platform, and transmits the information to each node in the block chain in an encrypted file form after asymmetric encryption. After each node receives the encrypted file, the nodes are enabled to achieve consensus according to mainstream consensus algorithms such as workload certification and the like, the nodes achieving consensus add the received information to the uplink to produce a new block, other nodes synchronously update the respective blocks, uplink data are mutually backed up, and data uploading logs are stored. The data demander can send data query and download request to the blockchain platform through the application system. After receiving the request, the block chain platform verifies the transaction authority and matching degree of the data supply and demand parties through an intelligent contract, displays related data catalogues and prices in the application system after the verification is passed, and the data demand party directly downloads the required data through a server where the application system is located and pays. The transaction log is recorded in the blockchain platform.
As a further technical solution, the blockchain platform includes an intelligent contract layer, a storage layer, a consensus layer and a network layer, wherein the intelligent contract layer is used for permission matching, data quality and confidentiality auditing and data transaction, the storage layer is used for uplink storage, the consensus layer is used for pre-uplink consensus, and the network layer is used for data security transmission.
As a further technical scheme, each node in the block chain consists of a storage server of a data provider and an application system server; the authentication center is deployed in an application system server.
As a further technical solution, the information used for identity authentication by the data provider and the data demander includes a territory, an organization type and a department to which the data provider or the data demander belongs; different data sharing authorities and data transaction authorities are set for different watersheds, mechanism types and departments.
As a further technical scheme, the intelligent contract layer sets different data quality levels and confidentiality levels for different drainage basins; different organization types under the same drainage basin have different data quality grades and confidentiality grades; different departments within the same organization type have different data quality levels and privacy levels. The data quality grades of the drainage basin, the organization type and the department are sequentially increased in an increasing mode, and the security grade is sequentially increased in an increasing mode. The data quality grade and the confidentiality grade of the drainage basin are verified firstly, and if the results do not match, the data of the organization or department under the drainage basin is not verified.
The application method of the watershed hydrological and water environment data safety sharing transaction system based on the block chain comprises the following steps: a data provider and a data demander initiate a registration request to an authentication center through an application system; the authentication center checks the registration request, sets the authority, generates an account and stores the account in the block chain platform; the data provider uploads data, catalogs and prices to the block chain platform through the application system, and the data demander inquires and downloads data from the block chain platform through the application system and finishes payment; and the block chain platform completes data security transmission, data synchronization updating of each node, data quality and confidentiality auditing, data transaction and process log storage. .
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the system provides a safe and credible data sharing incentive mechanism by using a block chain technology, and can enhance the sharing willingness of a data owner.
(2) Compared with a centralized system architecture, the system can effectively solve the problem of single-point faults. All nodes in the block chain platform synchronously back up data, and even if a certain data server fails, data recovery can be quickly realized.
(3) Thanks to the block chain platform, data transmission and transaction can be effectively guaranteed.
(4) Data source tracing and responsibility tracing are convenient. By using the block chain technology, logs of the whole process of uploading, downloading, inquiring and trading of data are recorded and cannot be deleted or tampered, so that the convenience of tracing the source of the data or researching the responsibility is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic application flow diagram of a secure share transaction system for watershed hydrological and aquatic environment data based on a block chain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a framework of a secure share transaction system for watershed hydrological and aquatic environment data based on a block chain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a network configuration of each node in a blockchain platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a shared data uplink according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a data transaction method in the system according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating data transaction intelligent contract related functions or commands in a system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a watershed hydrological and water environment data safety sharing transaction system based on a block chain. The authentication center performs identity authentication on the data provider and the demander, registers corresponding accounts on the block chain platform after the authentication is passed, and aims at corresponding security permissions of different users. The data provider uploads the own data, the catalogue, the price and the like thereof in the application system and stores the data in the block chain platform; the data demander initiates data query and download request in the application system, and can access the data catalog in the block chain after judging that the access authority accords with the block chain intelligent contract, and download the relevant data and pay according to the requirement. And after the data of the data provider is judged to be qualified in quality and not involved in secret through the block chain intelligent contract, the trading authority is automatically distributed, and the data supplier and demander can execute the trade after the trade is matched with the trade. Data is transmitted in a block chain system by adopting an asymmetric encryption mode. Data upload and download, virtual currency rewards and payouts are all recorded on the blockchain platform. The river basin hydrological and water environment data safety sharing transaction system based on the block chain can effectively solve the problems of 'data islands' and single-point faults and the like of hydrological and water environment in the river basin, greatly improves the utilization benefit of related data, and provides convenient and effective data support for various plans, engineering researches, designs and constructions, scientific researches and the like in the river basin.
Further, the authentication center checks the identity information of different types of users, including organization types of data providers and data demanders, the affiliated industries and departments, and the like, and sets data sharing permissions for different users.
Furthermore, the block chain platform is a background management platform of the whole system, manages transmission, storage and transaction of all data resources, and identity information, account numbers and the like of users, and comprises a chain database, a network layer, a consensus layer and an intelligent contract. Each node in the blockchain consists of a data storage server of a data provider. The data provider transmits the data to each node in the block chain in an asymmetric encryption mode, the data are stored in the chain database to generate a new block after being identified by the nodes, the intelligent contract identifies the effectiveness and quality of the uploaded data and judges whether the data belong to the confidential data in a sensitive area, so that the related transaction authority is automatically set, the data can be transacted after the transaction authorities of the data supply and demand parties are matched, and otherwise, the transaction request is rejected.
Further, the user application is a client of the entire system, and is a hub connecting the user and the blockchain platform. A user initiates an account registration application through an application system, and obtains a corresponding account in a block chain platform after the application is approved by an authentication center. The authenticated user can perform transactions, query, upload or download data and the like in the blockchain platform through the application system.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a safe share transaction system for watershed hydrological and aquatic environment data based on a block chain includes the following operation processes: the data provider and the demander are both system users, and can initiate a registration application through the application system (S1). The application system sends the identity information of each user to the authentication center, generates a corresponding account after the verification is passed, and stores the identity information, the account, the application authority and the like of the user into the block chain (S2). The data provider uploads the own data, the catalogue and the price of the data in the application system and uploads the data, the catalogue and the price to the block chain platform; the data demander initiates data query and download request in the application system, and can access the data catalog in the block chain after judging that the access authority accords with the block chain intelligent contract, and download the relevant data and pay the cost according to the data requirement (S3). And the blockchain platform completes data security transmission, data synchronization updating of each node, data validity and confidentiality auditing, data transaction, process log storage and the like (S4). The whole data uploading, inquiring, downloading and transaction records are stored on the block chain platform.
As shown in fig. 2, the data provider and the data requirement are all operated by the application system of the B/S architecture, such as registration, data upload, query, and download. Preferably, the application system is used as a hub for connecting the user and the block chain platform, the operation is simple, the interface is friendly, and the application mode of the system is in accordance with the mainstream system application mode at present. The block chain platform is a rear-end platform of the whole data sharing system, is used for data transmission, storage, transaction, operation log recording and the like, and can effectively guarantee the safety and traceability convenience of the system.
As shown in fig. 3, the nodes of the blockchain are composed of a storage server of the data provider and an application server, and have the same function without a master-slave node, and perform synchronous backup on uplink information. Preferably, the method can effectively solve the problem of single point of failure, and can also realize data recovery quickly even if a certain data server fails.
As shown in fig. 4, if node a needs to upload data to the blockchain, the data is first sent to other nodes in an encrypted form, a consensus mechanism (e.g., workload certification, pragmatine fault tolerance) in the blockchain selects a corresponding accounting node, the accounting node adds the data of node a to the uplink to produce a new block, and the other nodes update their respective blockchains synchronously.
As shown in fig. 5, the data provider uploads the own data and its catalog and price to the blockchain, the data demander performs data query and sends a transaction request on the blockchain through the application system, the blockchain intelligent contract verifies the transaction authority of the data supplier and demander, and the demander selects the required data to download and pay the related fee after verification. The transaction log is uploaded to the blockchain in a manner similar to fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 6, before a transaction, data must pass through transaction authority audit of the intelligent contracts in the blockchain, including but not limited to data integrity verification, sensitive area data confidentiality judgment, identity authority matching function, and the like; the data demand side can automatically complete the inquiry or download of the required data and the final transaction of the two sides by the intelligent contract, and the transaction process is not influenced by human interference. .
In the description herein, references to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "certain embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. Watershed hydrology and water environment data safety sharing transaction system based on block chain, its characterized in that includes: the authentication center is used for identity authentication and authority control of the data provider and the data demander; the block chain platform is used for data resource and transaction log storage, data quality and confidentiality auditing, data safety transmission and data transaction; the application system is used for user registration, data uploading, inquiring, downloading and analyzing; the data provider and the data demander perform data interaction with the authentication center and the block chain platform through the application system; the data provider uploads the own hydrological or water environment data, catalogue and price to the block chain platform, the data demand direction sends inquiry and download requests to the block chain platform intelligent contract, the intelligent contract verifies the data transaction authority and matching performance, the demand party pays and downloads the required data after the verification is passed, and the transaction process is recorded on the block chain platform.
2. The safe shared transaction system for watershed hydrological and aquatic environment data based on a block chain according to claim 1, wherein the block chain platform comprises an intelligent contract layer, a storage layer, a consensus layer and a network layer, wherein the intelligent contract layer is used for permission matching, data quality and confidentiality auditing and data transaction, the storage layer is used for uplink storage, the consensus layer is used for pre-uplink consensus, and the network layer is used for data safe transmission.
3. The safe sharing transaction system for watershed hydrological and aquatic environment data based on the blockchain as claimed in claim 1, wherein each node in the blockchain is composed of a storage server and an application system server of a data provider; the authentication center is deployed in an application system server.
4. The safe sharing transaction system for watershed hydrological and aquatic environment data based on the blockchain as claimed in claim 1, wherein the information used for identity authentication by the data provider and the data demander comprises a watershed, an organization type and a department to which the data provider or the data demander belongs; different data sharing authorities and data transaction authorities are set for different watersheds, mechanism types and departments.
5. The secure sharing transaction system for watershed hydrological and aquatic environment data based on the blockchain as claimed in claim 4, wherein the intelligent contract layer sets different data quality levels and confidentiality levels for different watersheds; different organization types under the same drainage basin have different data quality grades and confidentiality grades; different departments within the same organization type have different data quality levels and privacy levels.
6. The application method of the watershed hydrological and aquatic environment data safety sharing transaction system based on the blockchain according to any one of claims 1 to 5, is characterized by comprising the following steps: a data provider and a data demander initiate a registration request to an authentication center through an application system; the authentication center checks the registration request, sets the authority, generates an account and stores the account in the block chain platform; the data provider uploads data, catalogs and prices to the block chain platform through the application system, and the data demander inquires and downloads data from the block chain platform through the application system and finishes payment; and the block chain platform completes data security transmission, data synchronization updating of each node, data quality and confidentiality auditing, data transaction and process log storage.
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