CN112147301A - Quantitative evaluation method for effectiveness of continental-phase fresh water lake basin compact oil hydrocarbon source rock - Google Patents
Quantitative evaluation method for effectiveness of continental-phase fresh water lake basin compact oil hydrocarbon source rock Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a quantitative evaluation method for effectiveness of a continental-phase fresh water lake basin compact oil hydrocarbon source rock. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the geological parameters of a hydrocarbon source rock sample in a work area; wherein the geological parameters comprise organic carbon content, rock pyrolysis parameters and vitrinite reflectivity; defining lithology characteristics of the source rock sample; the lithology characteristics comprise organic texture development characteristics; determining hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock sample; determining parameters related to the characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon generation and discharge by using a clustering analysis method based on the geological parameters, the lithological characteristics and the characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon generation and discharge of the source rock sample, and taking the parameters and the characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon generation and discharge as evaluation parameters; establishing a comprehensive evaluation classification table of different types of source rocks about evaluation parameters, and determining a threshold value of each evaluation parameter of each type of source rocks as an evaluation index of each type of source rocks; and evaluating the plane distribution of the hydrocarbon source rock types in the work area according to the evaluation indexes of the hydrocarbon source rocks of all types.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quantitative evaluation method for effectiveness of a continental-phase fresh water lake basin compact oil hydrocarbon source rock.
Background
As one of the key points of unconventional oil and gas development, compact oil has become the bright spot field of global unconventional oil development. China has wide distribution range of onshore compact (shale) oil, and particularly, the continental fresh water lake basin develops widely to form compact (shale) oil resources. The accurate evaluation of the source rock is the basis for searching for a large-scale efficient continental compact (shale) oil resource, and the development of the quantitative evaluation of the effective hydrocarbon source rock of the continental compact (shale) oil of the fresh water lake basin becomes one of the difficulties of exploration.
China is concerned with the exploration and development of continental facies compact (shale) oil. A plurality of continental lakes and basins in China, a plurality of sets of organic hydrocarbon source rocks such as a three-fold development system extension group, a two-fold development system reed grass ditch group, a chalk system green hill mouth group, an ancient system sand river street group and the like have huge potential of compact (shale) oil resources. In recent years, breakthroughs are successively made in a plurality of basins such as Ordos, Songliao, three ponds and lakes. However, due to the influence of the special geologic structure background and sedimentary basin evolution, the continental compact (shale) oil in China mainly takes a continental fresh water lake basin delta-lake sedimentary system as a main system, hydrocarbon source rocks of different qualities are developed in different sedimentary phase zones, the abundance of organic carbon is changed greatly, the TOC is 0.2-28%, the characteristic difference of the hydrocarbon source rocks is obvious, and the quantitative evaluation research on the effectiveness of the hydrocarbon source rocks needs to be carried out pertinently.
Whether the source rock is effective is a prerequisite for judging the commercial value of dense (shale) oil. There are various methods and parameters for evaluating the effectiveness of the hydrocarbon source rock, specifically including Total Organic Carbon (TOC), chloroform bitumen "A", hydrocarbon potential (S1+ S2), total Hydrocarbon (HC) and other parameters, wherein the abundance of organic matter is the most direct index. In economic evaluation of the compact (shale) oil "sweet spot", the qualitative parameter criterion used was that the source rock TOC was greater than 2%. In fact, the indexes are all used for evaluating the abundance of organic matters in the hydrocarbon source rock from the perspective of hydrocarbon generation potential. However, petroleum (shale oil) in organic-rich shale formations and petroleum (tight oil) in tight sandstone and tight carbonate formations distributed among oil-producing rocks are generated by kerogen in shale and then subjected to primary migration. Therefore, the effectiveness of the source rock needs to be judged by considering not only the hydrocarbon producing capability but also the hydrocarbon expelling capability. The influence factors of whether the source rock is effectively discharged are many, including the inherent factors (such as abundance, type, evolution degree, lithology and physical properties of the source rock, mineral content and the like) of the source rock and the external geological conditions (such as source reservoir configuration relation, structure amplitude, lithology and physical properties of a leading layer and the like). Therefore, it is necessary to establish a quantitative evaluation method for the lower limit of the effective source rock suitable for a specific region respectively for different regions. Recent researches show that high-quality source rocks have the characteristics of high clay content and streak development in the environment of fresh water lakes and basins, and the streak structure is one of important factors for controlling the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency, so that a new thought is provided for the effectiveness evaluation of the source rocks of the fresh water lakes and basins, but a feasible evaluation method is not provided.
For evaluating the hydrocarbon discharging effect of the hydrocarbon source rock, the hydrocarbon generating and discharging capability of the hydrocarbon source rock is evaluated mainly by means of hydrocarbon generating and discharging simulation experiments at present, and different scholars carry out a great deal of work aiming at different types of hydrocarbon-containing basins or regions. But in summary mainly exhibit the following two features:
1. the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion research of one type of hydrocarbon source rock is carried out aiming at a certain basin or region.
(2) A great amount of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion researches of former people focus on considering self differences of abundance, type, thermal evolution degree and the like of organic matters of the hydrocarbon source rocks and analyzing the influence of factors in the hydrocarbon source rocks on hydrocarbon expulsion results.
In summary, for the effectiveness evaluation of the hydrocarbon source rock in the early stage, the main body mainly evaluates the hydrocarbon generation capability, and when the hydrocarbon discharge capability is considered, the hydrocarbon generation and discharge simulation experiment is mainly carried out on a certain hydrocarbon source rock in a research area, and the hydrocarbon source rock has relatively single characteristics. The influence of the self difference of the hydrocarbon source rock is mostly considered in the simulation experiment process, and the hydrocarbon generation and discharge problems which are more consistent with underground geological conditions, such as different source storage configurations, and the like, are not solved, so that the evaluation result of the dense (shale) oil hydrocarbon source rock has deviation, and the evaluation prediction of the effectiveness of different types of hydrocarbon source rocks cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of a continental-phase fresh water lake basin compact oil hydrocarbon source rock. The method fully considers the influence of hydrocarbon generation and discharge capacity, geological parameters and lithological characteristics (organic matter streak development characteristics and optional mineral content) of the hydrocarbon source rocks on the effectiveness of the hydrocarbon source rocks, realizes quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of the hydrocarbon source rocks of the continental-phase fresh water lake basin, and provides evaluation basis for the exploration prospect of the compact oil of the continental-phase fresh water lake basin.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of a continental plain fresh water lake basin compact oil hydrocarbon source rock, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring the geological parameters of a hydrocarbon source rock sample in a work area; wherein the geochemical parameters include organic carbon content (TOC), rock pyrolysis parameters and vitrinite reflectance (Ro);
defining lithology characteristics of the source rock sample; the lithology characteristics comprise organic texture development characteristics;
determining hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock sample;
determining parameters related to the characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon generation and discharge by using a clustering analysis method based on the geological parameters, the lithological characteristics and the characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon generation and discharge of the source rock sample, and taking the parameters and the characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon generation and discharge as evaluation parameters;
establishing a comprehensive evaluation classification table of different types of source rocks about evaluation parameters, and determining a threshold value of each evaluation parameter of each type of source rocks as an evaluation index of each type of source rocks;
and evaluating the plane distribution of the hydrocarbon source rock types in the work area according to the evaluation indexes of the hydrocarbon source rocks of all types.
In the method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental-phase fresh water lake basin compact oil source rock, the source rock sample in the work area is obtained by adopting a conventional method.
In the method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental facies freshwater lake basin compact oil hydrocarbon source rock, the hydrocarbon source rock of the lake basin where the work area is located is taken as a research object, quantitative evaluation aiming at the effectiveness of real hydrocarbon source rocks such as the localization parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock, the development characteristics of organic matter stratums, the characteristic parameters of hydrocarbon generation and drainage and the like is carried out, evaluation indexes of different types of hydrocarbon source rocks are determined, and the type division is carried out on the hydrocarbon source rock of the work area according to the indexes, so that the quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of the continental facies freshwater lake basin compact oil hydrocarbon source rock is realized.
In the method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental phase fresh water lake basin tight oil hydrocarbon source rock, the lithology characteristics preferably further comprise mineral content.
In the method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental facies fresh water lake basin compact oil source rock, preferably, the source rock sample is a source rock sample series formed by source rocks of various types of sedimentary facies zones respectively obtained according to the sedimentary facies zone type of the continental facies fresh water lake basin in the work area. In a specific embodiment, the continental facies freshwater lake basin comprises a deep lake facies, a semi-deep lake facies and a shoreside facies, and a deep lake facies hydrocarbon source rock sample, a semi-deep lake facies hydrocarbon source rock sample and a shoreside facies hydrocarbon source rock sample are respectively obtained to form a hydrocarbon source rock sample series as the hydrocarbon source rock samples. In another specific embodiment, the continental phase fresh water lake basin comprises a basin delta plain, a delta front, a forward delta and a half-deep lake sedimentary facies, and a basin delta plain source rock sample, a delta front source rock sample, a forward delta source rock sample and a half-deep lake sedimentary facies source rock sample are respectively obtained to form a source rock sample series as the source rock samples. In the prior art, the source of a hydrocarbon source rock sample is not concerned, and the hydrocarbon source rock sample of a certain sedimentary facies zone is usually only obtained for hydrocarbon source rock performance research; in the preferred scheme, the inventor firstly proposes to obtain hydrocarbon source rocks from different sedimentary phases in the lake sediment to better reflect the whole sedimentary environment of the lake sediment; and matching with the subsequent steps, the hydrocarbon source rock data simulation is realized more systematically and more comprehensively, so that the quantitative evaluation on the effectiveness of the continental facies freshwater lake compact oil hydrocarbon source rock is realized more truly and accurately. According to the optimal scheme, the differences of the geological parameters (namely the abundance and the maturity of organic matters), the lithology (namely the development characteristics of organic matter striae layers and the selectable mineral content), the hydrocarbon generation and discharge capacity and the source storage are fully considered, so that the data of the hydrocarbon source rocks are more systematic and comprehensive, the type division of the hydrocarbon source rocks is more rigorous, and the finally obtained analysis result is more reliable.
In the method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental-phase fresh water lake basin compact oil source rock, the pyrolysis parameter of the rock preferably comprises the content of soluble hydrocarbon, namely the content of retained hydrocarbon (S)1) Pyrolysis hydrocarbon content (S)2) And peak top temperature (T)max). In a specific embodiment, a hydrocarbon source rock sample is placed in a pyrolysis furnace, the hydrocarbon source rock sample is analyzed by adopting a rock fast pyrolysis technology, the hydrocarbon source rock sample is firstly heated to 300 ℃, the temperature is kept constant for 3 minutes, a free soluble hydrocarbon peak P1 is measured, and the soluble hydrocarbon content, namely the retained hydrocarbon content (S), is calculated according to the peak area1) (ii) a Then, heating was continued to 600 ℃ at a rate of 50 ℃/min, and the pyrolytic hydrocarbon peak P was measured2The pyrolysis hydrocarbon content (S) is calculated from the peak area2) And peak top temperature (T)max)。
In the method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental-phase fresh water lake basin compact oil source rock, preferably, the determination of the organic matter streak layer development characteristics of the source rock sample is realized by the following steps: and observing the microstructure and lithofacies characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock sample by using XRD, rock slice, SEM and CT test methods, and determining the organic matter streak layer development characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock sample.
In the method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental-phase fresh water lake basin compact oil source rock, the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters preferably comprise hydrocarbon generation amount, hydrocarbon discharge amount and hydrocarbon discharge efficiency;
more preferably, determining the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock sample is realized by the following steps:
acquiring the geological parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock sample, and calculating the characteristic parameters of hydrocarbon generation and discharge by using the following formula according to the substance balance principle:
raw organic carbon content (TOC) correction: TOCOriginal＝TOCNowadays×(1200–HINowadays)÷(1200–HIOriginal)
Amount of hydrocarbon generation: cHydrocarbon generation＝CLow degree of ripeness–COriginal
Hydrocarbon discharge amount: cHydrocarbon discharge＝CHydrocarbon generation–CStagnant hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon discharge efficiency: e ═ CHydrocarbon discharge/CHydrocarbon generation×100
Wherein, TOCOriginalIs the original organic carbon content,%, of the source rock sample; TOCNowadaysThe geochemical parameter of the obtained hydrocarbon source rock sample is the content of organic carbon,%; HI (high-intensity)NowadaysHydrogen index, mg/g.TOC, of a hydrocarbon source rock sample; HI (high-intensity)OriginalThe hydrogen index, mg/g.TOC, of the low-maturity source rock sample in the source rock sample; cHydrocarbon generationIs the hydrocarbon generation amount of the hydrocarbon source rock sample, mg/g; cLow degree of ripenessThe original hydrocarbon generation potential of the low-maturity source rock sample in the source rock sample is mg/g; cOriginalNormalizing the source rock sample to a residual hydrocarbon potential in mg/g when in an initial green state; cStagnant hydrocarbonsIs the retained hydrocarbon content of the source rock sample, mg/g; cHydrocarbon dischargeIs the hydrocarbon expulsion of the source rock sample, mg/g; e is the hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency,%, of the source rock sample;
further preferably, the low-maturity source rock sample is a source rock sample with vitrinite reflectance Ro < 0.6%.
Wherein the hydrogen index HI ═ retained hydrocarbon content ÷ organic carbon content.
In the above preferred embodiment, CLow degree of ripenessIs the geological test result of the collected low-maturity source rock sample; cOriginalIs the result of the geochemical test of an actual source rock sample; cHydrocarbon generationThe calculated hydrocarbon generation amount is the calculated hydrocarbon generation amount of an actual hydrocarbon source rock sample; cStagnant hydrocarbonsIs the content of the retained hydrocarbon obtained by the geological test of the actual source rock sample; in conclusion, the low-maturity sample is considered to have no hydrocarbon generation and discharge process, and the actual measured current sample is corrected by taking the low-maturity sample as a correction value to obtain the original hydrocarbon generation amount and the hydrocarbon discharge of the actual sample, and finally the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency is calculated.
The inventor finds that the effective hydrocarbon discharge influence factors of the source rock are quite many, and the effective hydrocarbon discharge influence factors not only comprise the characteristics of the source rock, such as the type, chemical composition, structural characteristics, diagenesis mechanism and process difference of the source rock, but also comprise various factors such as lithology, physical characteristics and contact relation with the source rock. In the method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental facies freshwater lake basin compact oil hydrocarbon source rock, the inventor determines the evaluation parameters related to the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters by using a cluster analysis method based on the geological parameters, the lithology characteristics and the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock sample. Preferably, based on the geological parameters, the organic matter streak layer development characteristics and the hydrocarbon generation and drainage characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock sample, determining evaluation parameters related to the hydrocarbon generation and drainage characteristic parameters by using a K-means clustering analysis method is carried out by a method comprising the following steps:
1) removing dimensions of the parameter indexes: standardizing the geological parameters, lithology characteristics and hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameter data to realize dimension removal; the data normalization may be performed in a conventional manner, such as a standard deviation normalized model, a maximum normalized model, a minimum normalized model, or a mean normalized model;
2) establishing a fuzzy matrix: establishing a fuzzy matrix by utilizing the dimensionless geological parameters, lithological characteristics and hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters; the fuzzy matrix can be established by adopting a conventional method, such as an Euclidean distance method, a Chebyshev distance method, a correlation coefficient method and the like; the establishment method of the fuzzy matrix can be selected according to a data standardization method adopted by parameter index dimension removal; in one embodiment, a fuzzy matrix is established based on hamming distance;
3) and performing square multiplication operation on the fuzzy matrix to determine a minimum K value, and determining a classification parameter based on the minimum K value obtained by calculation.
In the above preferred embodiment, a K-means clustering analysis method is used, which is a process of randomly selecting K objects in a fuzzy matrix as initial clustering centers, then calculating the distance between each object and each seed clustering center, assigning each object to the closest clustering center, and finally classifying and organizing data members similar in some aspects in a data set.
In the method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental plain fresh water lake basin tight oil hydrocarbon source rock, the evaluation parameters preferably comprise at least one of geochemical parameters, at least one of organic texture development characteristics and hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters and optional mineral content. More preferably, the evaluation parameters include organic carbon content, organic streak development characteristics, hydrocarbon rejection efficiency, and optionally mineral content.
In the method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental freshwater lake basin compact oil source rock, the mineral content preferably comprises at least one of clay content, quartz content, carbonate mineral content and clastic rock mineral content.
In the method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental facies freshwater lake basin compact oil source rock, preferably, the establishing of the comprehensive evaluation classification table of different types of source rocks about the evaluation parameters is establishing of a comprehensive evaluation classification table of different levels of organic matter abundance of the source rocks about the evaluation parameters. In the preferred scheme, the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics and lithological characteristic characteristics of the source rock with different levels of organic matter abundance are determined.
In the method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental facies freshwater lake basin compact oil source rock, preferably, the determining of the threshold value of each evaluation parameter of each type of source rock is performed as an evaluation index of each type of source rock by the following method: and determining a trend line of the evaluation parameters and the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters, and calculating to obtain a threshold value of each evaluation parameter of each type of hydrocarbon source rock. In a specific real-time manner, fitting a correlation curve of the evaluation parameters with the hydrocarbon generation amount, the hydrocarbon discharge amount and the hydrocarbon discharge phase rate, and determining upper and lower limit values of the evaluation parameters such as TOC, S1 and mineral content corresponding to different hydrocarbon generation amounts, hydrocarbon discharge amounts and hydrocarbon discharge efficiencies.
In a specific embodiment, the evaluation indexes of the various types of source rocks are as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
In the above method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental phase fresh water lake basin tight oil source rock, preferably, the method further comprises: and forward modeling verification is carried out on the evaluation indexes of the various types of hydrocarbon source rocks according to the physical simulation experiment of the whole hydrocarbon generation and discharge process of the hydrocarbon source rocks, and the geological parameter evaluation indexes in the evaluation indexes are corrected by using the actual physical simulation experiment result. More preferably, the performing forward validation on the evaluation indexes of the various types of hydrocarbon source rocks according to the physical simulation experiment of the whole hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process of the hydrocarbon source rocks, and the correcting the evaluation indexes of the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristic parameters in the evaluation indexes by using the actual physical simulation experiment result comprises: and (3) carrying out physical simulation of hydrocarbon generation and discharge of the source rock by using a low-maturity source rock sample with different geological parameter data, collecting the yield and the retained hydrocarbon amount, and calculating the hydrocarbon generation amount, the discharge amount and the hydrocarbon generation and discharge efficiency as the result of correction calculation. Further preferably, the low-maturity source rock sample is a source rock sample with vitrinite reflectance Ro < 0.6%. In the preferred scheme, the inversion of the data of the development and localization of different types of hydrocarbon source rocks is combined with the forward modeling of the physical simulation of a real sample, so that the accuracy of the analysis of the hydrocarbon source rock sample is ensured.
In the above method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of the continental facies freshwater lake basin compact oil source rock, preferably, according to the evaluation index of each type of source rock, evaluating the plane distribution of the type of source rock in the work area includes: and determining the numerical distribution of the geological parameters of the work area through corresponding logging data, and evaluating the plane distribution of the hydrocarbon source rock types of the work area according to the evaluation indexes of the hydrocarbon source rocks of all types.
The technical scheme provided by the invention fully considers the influence of the hydrocarbon expulsion on the judgment of the hydrocarbon source rock effectiveness, carries out systematic analysis and test on the land-phase freshwater lake basin compact oil hydrocarbon source rock, recovers the hydrocarbon expulsion characteristics and organic matter streak layer development characteristics of the source rock, and performs clustering analysis on the hydrocarbon expulsion characteristics of the compact (shale) oil source rock, thereby realizing the quantitative evaluation of the compact (shale) oil effective source rock and providing a basis for the optimization of a land-phase freshwater compact (shale) oil favorable area. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1. the technical scheme provided by the invention not only considers the evaluation of the hydrocarbon generating capacity of the hydrocarbon source rock, but also considers the evaluation of the hydrocarbon discharging capacity of the hydrocarbon source rock as dense oil, emphasizes that the hydrocarbon source rock can discharge hydrocarbon, and provides help for the formation and enrichment of the dense oil.
2. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the geological parameters of the hydrocarbon source rocks, the development characteristics of organic matter striated layers and the characteristic parameters of hydrocarbon generation and discharge are organically combined, the evaluation indexes of different types of hydrocarbon source rocks are determined, and the quantitative evaluation of the effective source rocks of the compact (shale) oil is better realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a quantitative evaluation method of effectiveness of continental facies freshwater lake basin tight oil source rocks in an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the geological parameters of the source rock in the example.
FIG. 3 shows the development characteristics of organic streaks of source rock in the examples.
FIG. 4 is a graph of cluster analysis of evaluation of source rocks in the example.
FIG. 5A is the hydrocarbon production and expulsion trend line of the hydrocarbon source rock in the examples.
FIG. 5B is the hydrocarbon production and expulsion trend line for the hydrocarbon source rock in the examples.
FIG. 6 is a plane distribution prediction diagram of the hydrocarbon source rock type in the working area in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the practical scope of the present invention.
The 7-section long Ordors basin is a typical continental fresh water lake basin, the organic carbon of a compact (shale) oil hydrocarbon source rock is 2-14%, the thermal evolution degree is 0.6-1.3%, and the 7-section long Oldos basin develops the plateau sedimentary facies of the Delta, the front edge sedimentary facies of the Delta, and the sedimentary facies of the front Delta and the sedimentary facies of the half-deep lake.
In an embodiment, the hydrocarbon source rock effectiveness quantitative evaluation is performed on the 7-section long section of the orldos basin, and specifically, the following method for quantitatively evaluating the hydrocarbon source rock effectiveness of the compact oil of the continental facies fresh water lake basin is adopted (the flow is shown in fig. 1):
s1, obtaining a hydrocarbon source rock sample of the work area: respectively obtaining a basin delta plain source rock sample, a delta leading edge source rock sample, a front delta source rock sample and a half-deep lake sedimentary facies source rock sample to form a source rock sample series as the source rock samples; in this example, 156 samples of source rock were obtained altogether;
s2, acquiring the localization parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock sample: carrying out organic matter abundance, rock pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectivity tests on the source rock sample system to obtain the organic carbon content TOC and the retained hydrocarbon content (namely the soluble hydrocarbon content) S of the source rock sample1Content of pyrolysis hydrocarbons S2And peak top temperature TmaxHydrogen index HI and vitrinite reflectance Ro;
wherein the rock pyrolysis test is realized by the following steps: placing a hydrocarbon source rock sample in a pyrolysis furnace, analyzing the hydrocarbon source rock sample by adopting a rock fast pyrolysis technology, firstly heating to 300 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3 minutes, measuring a free soluble hydrocarbon peak P1, and calculating the content S of the retained hydrocarbon according to the peak area1(ii) a Then, heating was continued to 600 ℃ at a rate of 50 ℃/min, and the pyrolytic hydrocarbon peak P was measured2The content S of the pyrolysis hydrocarbon is calculated from the peak area2And peak top temperature Tmax；
Organic carbon content TOC, retained hydrocarbon content (i.e., soluble hydrocarbon content) S of a sample of source rock1Content of pyrolysis hydrocarbons S2And peak top temperature TmaxThe hydrogen index HI and the vitrinite reflectance Ro test results are shown in FIG. 2; as can be seen from FIG. 2, the organic carbon content TOC of the source rock sample is distributed between 0.4% and 17.2%, and the retained hydrocarbon content S1TOC distribution of 0.2-7.1mg/g, pyrolysis hydrocarbon content S2Distributed in 0.3-46.1mg/g.TOC, and the thickness is 20-100 m; wherein the length is 73The average organic carbon content TOC in the stage was 8.32%, and the retained hydrocarbon content S1TOC 3.81mg/g on average, length 71And length 72The average organic carbon contents TOC in the stage were 2.62% and 4.61%, respectively, and the average retained hydrocarbon content S1The length of the organic matter abundance is 7 times longer than that of 2.21mg/g.TOC and 3.19mg/g.TOC3Has low organic matter abundance of 72And length 71Retained hydrocarbon content S of1Equal or lower, indicating highThe abundant organic matters are main bodies of hydrocarbon discharge in the generating source, and argillaceous siltstone streaks, siltstones, argillaceous nephrite, fine sandstones, cloud siltstones and the like with low abundance content of the organic matters are adopted;
s3, determining the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock sample: acquiring the geological parameters of the source rock sample, and determining the hydrocarbon generation amount, the hydrocarbon discharge amount and the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency in the source rock maturation process by using a substance balance principle; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
raw organic carbon content (TOC) correction: TOCOriginal＝TOCNowadays×(1200–HINowadays)÷(1200–HIOriginal)
Amount of hydrocarbon generation: cHydrocarbon generation＝CLow degree of ripeness–COriginal
Hydrocarbon discharge amount: cHydrocarbon discharge＝CHydrocarbon generation–CStagnant hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon discharge efficiency: e ═ CHydrocarbon discharge/CHydrocarbon generation×100
Wherein, TOCOriginalIs the original organic carbon content,%, of the source rock sample; TOCNowadaysThe geochemical parameter of the obtained hydrocarbon source rock sample is the content of organic carbon,%; HI (high-intensity)NowadaysHydrogen index, mg/g.TOC, of a hydrocarbon source rock sample; HI (high-intensity)OriginalThe hydrogen index, mg/g.TOC, of the low-maturity source rock sample in the source rock sample; cHydrocarbon generationIs the hydrocarbon generation amount of the hydrocarbon source rock sample, mg/g; cLow degree of ripenessThe original hydrocarbon generation potential of the low-maturity source rock sample in the source rock sample is mg/g; cOriginalNormalizing the source rock sample to a residual hydrocarbon potential in mg/g when in an initial green state; cStagnant hydrocarbonsIs the retained hydrocarbon content of the source rock sample, mg/g; cHydrocarbon dischargeIs the hydrocarbon expulsion of the source rock sample, mg/g; e is the hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency,%, of the source rock sample;
the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency calculation result is shown in fig. 2, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of the long 7 shale is between 0% and 77%, the average hydrocarbon discharging efficiency is 34%, which is reflected by the hydrocarbon discharging effect to the surrounding rock in the maturation process of each depth section sample, and is more reflected by the hydrocarbon discharging effect in the source of the source rock liquid hydrocarbon; as can be seen from fig. 2, the shale with high silt/sandy component and low TOC content has a negative hydrocarbon storage and discharge efficiency as a reservoir without hydrocarbon discharge;
s4, determining the organic matter streak layer development characteristics and the mineral content of the hydrocarbon source rock sample: observing the microstructure and lithofacies characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock sample by using XRD, rock slice, SEM and CT test methods, and determining the organic matter striae development characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock sample and the mineral content of the hydrocarbon source rock sample; wherein the mineral content comprises clay content, quartz content, carbonate mineral content, and clastic rock mineral content;
s5, determining evaluation parameters by a cluster analysis method: performing cluster analysis on the geological parameters, the organic matter streak layer development characteristics, the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters and the mineral content of the hydrocarbon source rock sample by combining a Kmeans algorithm (as shown in figure 4), determining the parameters related to the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters, and taking the parameters and the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters as evaluation parameters;
the clustering analysis result shows that the correlation between the organic carbon content TOC, the mineral content and the organic matter grain layer development characteristic and the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency is good, and the organic carbon content TOC, the mineral content, the organic matter grain layer development characteristic and the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency are screened as evaluation parameters;
the method comprises the following steps of carrying out cluster analysis on the geological parameters, the organic texture development characteristics, the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters and the mineral content of the hydrocarbon source rock sample by combining a Kmeans algorithm, determining the parameters related to the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters, and taking the parameters and the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters as evaluation parameters, wherein the cluster analysis comprises the following steps:
1) removing dimensions of the parameter indexes: standardizing the geological parameters, the organic texture development characteristics, the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters and optional mineral content data to realize dimensionless;
2) establishing a fuzzy matrix: establishing a fuzzy matrix by utilizing the dimensionless geological parameters, the organic matter streak layer development characteristics, the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters and the optional mineral content based on the Hamming distance;
3) the fuzzy matrix is subjected to square multiplication to determine a minimum K value, and classification parameters are determined based on the minimum K value obtained through calculation;
in addition, the inventor analyzes the organic matter streak development characteristics, mineral content, geochemical parameters, hydrocarbon generation amount, hydrocarbon discharge amount and hydrocarbon discharge efficiency of the hydrocarbon source rock sample, and finds that: the hydrocarbon storage layer is generally distributed in the layer section with higher physical property and higher sand content, and is similar to a conventional reservoir; the layer section with higher hydrocarbon discharge effect is mainly generated in a hydrocarbon source rock sample with higher TOC and developed streaky bed; the higher the efficiency of discharging the source rock liquid hydrocarbon to a near-source reservoir, the more beneficial to the efficient development of shale oil; research shows that the discharge efficiency of the liquid hydrocarbon is controlled by the organic carbon content TOC, mineral content, a striated layer structure and thermal maturity of the source rock; the higher the organic carbon content TOC of the source rock, the lower the clay mineral content, and the higher the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency; wherein, the hydrocarbon generation and migration efficiency of the hydrocarbon source rock with the more developed stratum is higher; the hydrocarbon generation potential of the mud shale with the development level striated layer is often better than that of the massive source rock due to the enrichment of organic matters (as shown in figure 3); meanwhile, the organic texture layer can be used as an effective channel for migration and aggregation of liquid hydrocarbon; because of their special mineral content and sedimentary structure, grained layered mineral rocks tend to develop into many types of reservoir spaces; in addition, the striae is an important influence factor influencing the fracturing performance of the shale, and controls the crack propagation rule in the shale fracturing process; therefore, the hydrocarbon source rock with developed striation is an ideal shale oil exploration field; the side verifies that the organic carbon content TOC, the mineral content and the organic matter grain layer development characteristics are closely related to the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency;
s6, establishing a comprehensive evaluation classification table of different types of source rocks about evaluation parameters, and determining a threshold value of each evaluation parameter of each type of source rock as an evaluation index of each type of source rock;
wherein, the threshold value of each evaluation parameter of each type of hydrocarbon source rock is determined as each type of hydrocarbon source rock evaluation index by the following method: determining trend lines of the evaluation parameters and the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters (the trend line of the organic carbon content TOC and the hydrocarbon discharge amount is shown in FIG. 5A, and the trend line of the organic carbon content TOC and the hydrocarbon stagnation amount is shown in FIG. 5B), and calculating to obtain threshold values of the evaluation parameters of the various types of hydrocarbon source rocks;
the results are shown in table 1, the source rock was classified into 3 types and 5 types;
to summarize: for medium and high maturity hydrocarbon source rocks, the organic carbon content TOC is moderate, the amount of retained hydrocarbon is large, and the rocks are in-source dessert sections; the organic carbon content TOC of the fresh water hydrocarbon source rock is more than 2.5 percent, the retention hydrocarbon amount is high, the fresh water hydrocarbon source rock is a beneficial region of a source dessert, and 0.5 to 2.5 percent of the retention hydrocarbon amount is the second place;
in a further preferred embodiment, the evaluation parameters in table 1 can be expanded to further supplement the parameters such as pyrite content, organic matter type, retained hydrocarbon content S1The retained hydrocarbon content S1The specific value of the organic carbon content TOC, the saturated aromatic ratio and the Mo element are used as reference evaluation parameters, and a comprehensive evaluation classification table is shown in Table 2;
TABLE 2
S7, performing a physical simulation experiment of the whole hydrocarbon generation and discharge process of the low-maturity hydrocarbon source rock, performing forward validation on evaluation indexes of various types of hydrocarbon source rocks, and correcting organic carbon content (TOC) indexes in the evaluation indexes by using actual physical simulation experiment results;
actual physical simulation experiment results show that the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency and the hydrocarbon stagnation efficiency of the high organic matter abundance source rock are both high and consistent with the rules of geochemical analysis results, so that the comprehensive evaluation classification table obtained by S8 is considered to be reliable;
wherein, the actual physical simulation experiment result is as follows:
the TOC is more than 8 percent, the hydrocarbon discharge amount is about 6mg/g.rock, the hydrocarbon stagnation amount is about 4mg/g.rock, and the rock is I-class high-quality source rock;
2% < TOC < 8%, medium hydrocarbon discharge of about 3.78mg/g.rock, medium hydrocarbon stagnation of about 3.3mg/g.rock, and is a type II hydrocarbon source rock;
0.86% < TOC < 2%, with a hydrocarbon stagnation of about 1.08mg/g.rock low and a hydrocarbon rejection of about 0.7mg/g.rock, which are poor source rocks;
TOC < 0.86%, the hydrocarbon stagnation amount is about 0.4mg/g.rock, the hydrocarbon discharge amount is about 0.56mg/g.rock, and the rock belongs to non-hydrocarbon source rocks;
s8, evaluating the plane distribution of the hydrocarbon source rock types in the work area according to the evaluation indexes of the hydrocarbon source rocks of all types: calculating TOC plane distribution of organic carbon content in 7 sections of the Ordos basin length by using logging response, and evaluating the plane distribution of the type of the hydrocarbon source rock in the work area according to the evaluation indexes of each type of the hydrocarbon source rock (the result is shown in figure 6, wherein the part with TOC content more than 8% represents the type I hydrocarbon source rock, the part with TOC content 4% -8% represents the type II and the type III1Hydrocarbon-like source rock, the portion with TOC content of 2.5% -4% represents III2Hydrocarbon-like source rock, with the fraction having a TOC content of 1% to 2.5% representing a hydrocarbon-like source rock of class IV), preferably TOC>2.5% of high-quality source rock 5.6 ten thousand Km2The oil is taken as a compact oil enrichment favorable zone of 7 sections of the Ordos basin.
In the above examples, the low-maturity source rock sample is a source rock sample with vitrinite reflectance Ro < 0.6%.
According to the embodiment, quantitative evaluation of the effective source rock of the compact (shale) oil is effectively realized, and a basis is provided for optimization of a continental facies fresh water compact (shale) oil favorable area.
Claims (17)
1. A method for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of a continental plain fresh water lake basin compact oil hydrocarbon source rock comprises the following steps:
acquiring the geological parameters of a hydrocarbon source rock sample in a work area; wherein the geological parameters comprise organic carbon content, rock pyrolysis parameters and vitrinite reflectivity;
defining lithology characteristics of the source rock sample; the lithological characteristics comprise mineral components, microscopic pore size, organic matter streak layer development and the like;
determining hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock sample;
determining parameters related to the characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon generation and discharge by using a clustering analysis method based on the geological parameters, the lithological characteristics and the characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon generation and discharge of the source rock sample, and taking the parameters and the characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon generation and discharge as evaluation parameters;
establishing a comprehensive evaluation classification table of different types of source rocks about evaluation parameters, and determining a threshold value of each evaluation parameter of each type of source rocks as an evaluation index of each type of source rocks;
and evaluating the plane distribution of the hydrocarbon source rock types in the work area according to the evaluation indexes of the hydrocarbon source rocks of all types.
2. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the source rock sample is a series of source rock sample series formed by source rocks of respective types of sedimentary facies zones acquired respectively according to the types of sedimentary facies zones of the continental facies fresh water lake basin of the work area.
3. The quantitative evaluation method of claim 1, wherein the rock pyrolysis parameters include soluble hydrocarbon content, pyrolysis hydrocarbon content, and peak top temperature.
4. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the organic texture development characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock sample are defined by: and observing the microstructure and lithofacies characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock sample by using XRD, rock slice, SEM and CT test methods, and determining the organic matter streak layer development characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock sample.
5. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristic parameters include a hydrocarbon generation amount, a hydrocarbon expulsion amount, and a hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency.
6. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 5, wherein determining the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock sample is achieved by:
acquiring the geological parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock sample, and calculating the characteristic parameters of hydrocarbon generation and discharge by using the following formula according to the substance balance principle:
correcting the original organic carbon content: TOCOriginal＝TOCNowadays×(1200–HINowadays)÷(1200–HIOriginal)
Amount of hydrocarbon generation: cHydrocarbon generation＝CLow degree of ripeness–COriginal
Amount of hydrocarbons discharged：CHydrocarbon discharge＝CHydrocarbon generation–CStagnant hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon discharge efficiency: e ═ CHydrocarbon discharge/CHydrocarbon generation×100％
Wherein, TOCOriginalIs the original organic carbon content,%, of the source rock sample; TOCNowadaysThe geochemical parameter of the obtained hydrocarbon source rock sample is the content of organic carbon,%; HI (high-intensity)NowadaysHydrogen index, mg/g.TOC, of a hydrocarbon source rock sample; HI (high-intensity)OriginalThe hydrogen index, mg/g.TOC, of the low-maturity source rock sample in the source rock sample; cHydrocarbon generationMg.g as the amount of hydrocarbon produced in the source rock sample; cLow degree of ripenessThe original hydrocarbon generation potential of the low-maturity source rock sample in the source rock sample is mg.g; cOriginalNormalizing to a residual hydrocarbon-bearing potential in mg.g for the source rock sample to an initial green state; cStagnant hydrocarbonsIs the retained hydrocarbon content of the source rock sample, mg.g; cHydrocarbon dischargeIs the amount of hydrocarbons expelled, mg.g, of the source rock sample; e is the hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency,%, of the source rock sample.
7. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 6, wherein the low-maturity source rock sample is a source rock sample having vitrinite reflectance Ro < 0.6%.
8. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the evaluation parameters related to the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristic parameters based on the geochemical parameters, the lithological characteristics and the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristic parameters of the hydrocarbon source rock sample by using a K-means clustering analysis method is performed by a method comprising the following steps:
1) removing dimensions of the parameter indexes: standardizing the geological parameters, lithology characteristics and hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameter data to realize dimension removal;
2) establishing a fuzzy matrix: establishing a fuzzy matrix by utilizing the dimensionless geological parameters, lithological characteristics and hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters;
3) and performing square multiplication operation on the fuzzy matrix to determine a minimum K value, and determining a classification parameter based on the minimum K value obtained by calculation.
9. The quantitative evaluation method of claim 1, wherein the establishing of the comprehensive evaluation classification table of different types of source rocks about the evaluation parameters is establishing of comprehensive evaluation classification tables of different levels of organic matter abundance of source rocks about the evaluation parameters.
10. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the threshold value of each evaluation parameter of each type of the source rock as each type of the source rock evaluation index is performed by: and determining a trend line of the evaluation parameters and the hydrocarbon generation and discharge characteristic parameters, and calculating to obtain a threshold value of each evaluation parameter of each type of hydrocarbon source rock.
11. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: according to the physical simulation experiment of the whole hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process of the hydrocarbon source rock, forward modeling verification is carried out on evaluation indexes of various types of hydrocarbon source rocks, and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristic parameter evaluation indexes in the evaluation indexes are corrected by using the actual physical simulation experiment result.
12. The quantitative evaluation method of claim 1, wherein evaluating the planar distribution of the type of source rock in the work area according to the evaluation index of each type of source rock comprises: and determining the numerical distribution of the localization parameters of the work area through corresponding logging data, and evaluating the plane distribution of the hydrocarbon source rock types of the work area according to the evaluation indexes of the hydrocarbon source rocks of various types.
13. The quantitative evaluation method of any of claims 1-12, wherein the lithology characteristics further comprise mineral content.
14. A quantitative assessment method according to claim 1 or 13, wherein the assessment parameters include at least one of geospatial parameters, at least one of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics parameters, organic streak development characteristics and optionally mineral content.
15. The quantitative evaluation method of claim 14, wherein the evaluation parameters include organic carbon content, organic streak development characteristics, hydrocarbon rejection efficiency, and optionally mineral content.
16. The quantitative evaluation method of claim 13, wherein the mineral content comprises at least one of a clay content, a quartz content, a carbonate mineral content, and a clastic rock mineral content.
17. The quantitative evaluation method of claim 13, wherein the evaluation index of each type of source rock is as follows:
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